TA8493F/AF/BF Toshiba Bipolar Linear Integrated Circuit Multi-Chip TA8493F, TA8493AF, TA8493BF 3-Phase Full Wave Brushless DC Motor Driver IC for CD-ROM Drives These 3-phase, full-wave, brushless DC motor driver ICs have been developed for use in CD-ROM drive spindle motors. The TA8493F/ AF/ BF contain in its upper stage a discrete power transistor (P-ch-MOS) and uses direct PWM control system, which enables the IC to provide superior thermal efficiency. Furthermore, the multi-chip structure of this device facilitates dispersion of the heat generated inside the package, making it possible to suppress heat concentration. Features · Multi-chip structure (3 × 2SJ465 chips built-in) · Direct PWM control system · Drive system: 120°drive system (TA8493F/BF) · Built-in current limiter: ILIM = 0.7 A (typ.) (at RF = 0.33 Ω) · Built-in reversing brake/short brake functions · FG signal output (using hall element output signal) · Built-in hall bias · Built-in thermal shutdown circuit · Package: MFP-30 Weight: 0.63 g (typ.) : 180°drive system (TA8493AF) 1 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF Block Diagram VCC 5V La (G) Lb (G) Lc (G) 2 1 27 20 VCC 29 VM1 12 V 14 13 + Hb 12 Hb 16 + Hc - 17 Hc 4 Amplifier - Ha 15 Matrix + Ha 3 30 Reverse Detection 28 TSD 6 25 VM2 La Lb Lc RF1 RF2 GND FGO 10 HB 18 8 PWM Signal CRF VC 21 Vref 22 F/F OSC Mode Select MS 26 OSC 23 Stand by Short Brake BRK 11 24 GND1 7 5 SB 19 Cd GND2 2SJ465 ´ 3 9 pin: N.C. 2 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF PIN Assignment Terminal No. Terminal Symbol 1 Lb (G) b-phase upper side power transistor (base) output terminal Keep open. 2 La (G) a-phase upper side power transistor (base) output terminal Keep open. 3 La a-phase output terminal Connect to the coil. 4 VM2 Supply voltage terminal for motor drive Connect to VM1 externally. 5 SB RUN/STOP control terminal H: RUN, L: STOP 6 RF1 Output current detection terminal 7 GND2 8 CRF 9 N.C. 10 11 Function Remarks Sets limiter current value. Connect to RF2 externally and between this terminal and GND. ¾ GND Output current filter terminal Connect a capacitor between this terminal and GND. FGO FG amplifier output terminal Outputs a signal whose frequency is determined by the CD rotation frequency. BRK Brake mode select terminal Output mode when VC > Vref b-phase negative hall signal input terminal Connect to hall element output terminal. b-phase positive hall signal input terminal Connect to hall element output terminal. a-phase negative hall signal input terminal Connect to hall element output terminal. a-phase positive hall signal input terminal Connect to hall element output terminal. c-phase positive hall signal input terminal Connect to hall element output terminal. a-phase negative hall signal input terminal Connect to hall element output terminal. 17 Hb + Hb Ha + Ha + Hc Hc 18 HB Hall element bias terminal Open collector output. Connect to the negative side of hall element bias line. 19 Cd Forward/reverse changeover gain adjustment terminal Adjust a rotation direction changeover gain 20 VCC Supply voltage terminal for control circuits VCC (opr) = 4.5 to 5.5 V 21 VC Control amplifier input terminal Use the control signal as input. 22 Vref Control amplifier reference voltage input terminal Use the reference voltage for the control amplifier as input. 23 OSC Triangular wave oscillation terminal Connect a capacitor between this terminal and GND. 24 GND1 25 RF2 Output current detection terminal Connect to RF1 externally and between this terminal and GND. 26 MS Mode select terminal Determines output mode. 27 Lc (G) c-phase upper side power transistor (base) output terminal Keep open. 28 Lc c-phase output terminal Connect to the coil. 29 VM1 Supply voltage terminal for motor drive Connect to VM2 externally. 30 Lb b-phase output terminal Connect to the coil. 12 13 14 15 16 ¾ GND Sets limiter current value. 3 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25°C) Characteristics Symbol Rating VCC 7 VM 16 IO 1.5 A 1.0 W Tj 150 °C Operating Temperature Topr -20 to 75 °C Storage Temperature Tstg -55 to 150 °C Symbol Operating Range Unit VCC 4.5 to 5.5 VM 10 to 14 Power Supply Voltage Output Current PD Power Dissipation Unit V (Note1) Junction Temperature Note1: unmounted Operating Voltage Range Characteristics Power Supply Voltage V Electrical Characteristics (VCC = 5 V, VM = 12 V, Ta = 25°C) Characteristics Input Current RUN/STOP Control Circuit Stop mode ¾ 0.3 0.8 ICC2 Run mode, output open ¾ 7 15 IINH VCMRH = 2.5 V, (sink current) ¾ ¾ 2 mA ¾ 1.5 ¾ 4.0 V ¾ 100 ¾ ¾ mVp-p ¾ 1.3 2.0 V 0.5 ¾ 4.0 V ¾ ¾ 5.0 mA ¾ 100 ¾ CW mode, Vref = 1.65 V, RF = 0.33 W 20 50 150 CCW mode, Vref = 1.65 V, RF = 0.33 W 20 50 150 RF = 0.33 W ¾ 700 ¾ mA 0.25 0.3 0.35 V (RUN) 3.0 ¾ VCC (STOP) GND ¾ 1.0 ¾ ¾ 1 Input Amplitude VH VHB 2 2 IHB = 10 mA ¾ Unit mA 2 IINC Dead Zone Voltage Width VDZ Limit Current 1 Test Condition VCMRC Input Current Input Offset Voltage Current Limit Amp. Max VCMRH Common Mode Input Voltage Range Control Amp. Typ. Common Mode Input Voltage Range Hall Element Bias Saturation Voltage Test Circuit Min ICC1 Supply Voltage Hall Amp. Symbol VC = Vref = 1.65 V, (source current) ¾ DVOFF (F) 2 DVOFF (R) ILIM ¾ VLIM 3 Input Voltage (H) VINS (H) Input Voltage (L) VINS (L) Input Current IINS (L) 1 Vref = 1.65 V, RF = 0.33 W (Note2) (Note2) ¾ VINS = GND, (source current) mV V mA Note2: this is not tested. 4 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF Characteristics Output Circuit Symbol Output Resistance (upper side) RON (U) Saturation Voltage (lower side) VSAT (L) Cut-off Current (upper side) Test Circuit Test Condition Min Typ. Max Unit IO = 0.6 A ¾ 0.5 1.0 W IO = 0.6 A ¾ 0.4 0.8 V VL = 16 V ¾ ¾ 10 VL = 16 V ¾ ¾ 10 3.0 ¾ VCC 4 IL (U) mA 5 Cut-off Current (lower side) IL (L) CCW mode Input Voltage (H) Mode Select Circuit FG Amp. VMS (H) VC > Vref, BRK: L 6 Input Voltage (L) VMS (L) Input Current IINMS Hysteresis Voltage VHYS Output Voltage (H) V Reversing brake mode ¾ ¾ 0.5 ¾ ¾ 1 mA 5 20 45 mVp-p VCC - 0.5 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 0.5 ¾ 3.0 ¾ VCC ¾ ¾ ¾ 0.5 VBRK = GND, (source current) ¾ ¾ 1 mA ¾ 39 ¾ kHz ¾ 175 ¾ °C VC > Vref, BRK: L VMS = GND, (source current) ¾ 8 Source current: 10 mA VOFG (H) 7 Short Brake Circuit Output Voltage (L) VOFG (L) Input Voltage (H) VBRK (H) Input Voltage (L) VBRK (L) Input Current Triangular Oscillation Circuit Sink current: 10 mA 6 IINBRK Oscillation Frequency fOSC ¾ C = 560 pF (Note2) Thermal Shut-down Operating Temperature TSD ¾ Junction temperature (according to design specification) (Note2) V V Note2: this is not tested. 5 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF Function Table Forward Reverse Ha Hb Hc La Lb Lc La Lb Lc H L L H L M L H M H H L H M L L M H L H L M H L M L H L H H L H M H L M L L H L M H H M L H L H M L H M H L <Forward> <Reverse> La = -(Hc - Ha) Lb = -(Ha - Hb) Lc = -(Hb - Hc) La = (Hc - Ha) Lb = (Ha - Hb) Lc = (Hb - Hc) Timing Diagram <Forward> (TA8493F/BF) Ha Hb Hc + Hall Signal - La VM Output Voltage GND + Output Current - 6 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF (TA8493AF) Ha Hb Hc + Hall Signal - La VM Output Voltage GND + Output Current - 7 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF Functional Description · This IC is a 3-phase, full wave brushless DC motor driver of the direct PWM control type. Control amp input circuit VCC VC Vref 100 PWM on duty (%) The common mode input voltage ranges for both VC and Vref are 0.5 to 4.0 V. Relation between control input and PWM ON duty is shown below, PWM ON duty is 100% when ïVref - VCï = 0.75 V (typ.) The input is provided with a dead-zone area whose voltage width is 100 mV (typ.) Dead-zone voltage width 100 mV (typ.) 0.5 Vref - 0.75 Vref VC · Vref + 0.75 (V) Mode select/short brake circuit MS BRK 8 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF When VC > Vref, one of three modes (reverse rotation, reversing brake or short brake mode) can be selected by setting the MS and BRK pins appropriately. <Function> VC < Vref VC > Vref BRK BRK MS H L H Forward Forward L Forward Forward H L H Short brake Reverse L Short brake Reversing brake MS In Short Brake mode, the upper-stage power transistor is turned on and the lower-stage power transistor is turned off. (short brake) MS: H or L, BRK: H VC Vref Short Brake mode Forward mode Forward mode (reversing brake) (1) When stopping the motor by applying a reversing brake after a short brake MS: L H BRK L VC Vref Forward mode Short Brake mode 9 Reversing Brake mode Stopped 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF (2) When stopping the motor using reversing brake mode MS: L, BRK: L VC Vref Forward mode Reversing Brake mode Stopped Note3: For an explanation of the Reversing Brake mode stopping sequence, refer to the explanation of the reverse rotation detection circuit. The short brake generates less heat than the reversing brake. Therefore Toshiba recommends a combined use of the short and reversing brakes when stopping the motor. · Run/stop control circuit SB When the driver IC is standing by, all of its circuits except the FG amp and the hall amp are turned off. H: start L: standby · Hall amp circuit + - Ha Ha The common mode input voltage range for VCMRH is 1.5 to 4.0 V. 10 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF · Hall element bias circuit HB The hall element bias current is turned off when the driver IC is in standby state. Make sure that the negative hall bias line is connected to the HB pin. The remaining voltage is as follows: VHB = 1.2 V (typ.) at IHB = 10 mA Furthermore, this circuit cannot be used if FG output is necessary in standby state. When the HB terminal is not used, the negative hall bias line must be connected to GND with a resistor in between. · FG amp circuit FGO This circuit uses a hall element signal which is output to FGO after a Schmitt stage. The FG amp has a hysteresis of 20 mVp-p (typ.) and its output voltages are High level: VCC - 0.5 to VCC [V] Low level: GND to 0.5 V at IOFG = 10 mA The FG amp is active when it is in standby state. When the hall element signal is input, the FG signal is output. 11 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF · Reverse rotation detection circuit By comparing the two phases of the Hall element signal, this circuit detects a state where the phases are inverted, at which time the torque is reduced to 0. The detection accuracy is determined by the number of pulses per rotation of Hall element output. Hall Element Signal (phase b) Hall Element Signal (phase a) Vref VC Direction of Rotation Forward rotation (Note4) Reverse rotation Rotating Torque Stopped Forward torque Reverse torque Note4: Due to its inertial force, the motor does not stop immediately after the torque is reduced to 0. 12 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF · Output circuit *VCC/VM La * VCC : TA8493AF/BF VM : TA8493F La RF (upper stage) (lower stage) This circuit uses the system to chop the lower power transistors and resurrect coil current through upper stage diodes. The upper-stage power transistors consists of Pch-MOS transistors (2SJ465), which give high torque efficiency. VM (coil current) Lower Pw Tr.: ON fPWM = 20 k to 50 kHz Lower Pw Tr.: OFF RF VM VLa GND Note: Lower-stage predrivers of TA8493AF/BF are supplied by VCC to reduce the power dissipation. · Triangular wave oscillator circuit Triangular waves are generated by connecting a capacitor between the OSC pin and GND. This circuit is current output type, which makes PWM signal by comparing its output current with control amp output current. 50 ´ 10 6 [A] fOSC [Hz] = (3.0 - 0.7) [V] ´ C [F] 3.0 V 0.7 V Taking into account efficiency considerations and the effects of noise, Toshiba recommends using the IC with an oscillation frequency of 20 kHz to 50 kHz. 13 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF · Current limiter circuit The current limit value is determined by the equation below. 0.3 ~ [A] (typ.) ILIM RF + 0.1 This circuit cut off lower power transistors compulsorily when filtered VRF is more than reference voltage. (0.3 V) PWM signal cut off compulsorily is released from OFF state by next ON signal. Over current detection term Limiter Amp. Output PWM Signal (Note5) Lower Pw Tr. ON OFF ON OFF OFF ON ON Note5: Keep “H” level in this term Consider inside resistance (5 kW) when setting the capacitance value (CRF). 5 kW IM Limiter amp circuit CRF · RF Thermal shut down circuit The circuit turns off output when Tj = 175°C (typ.) (according to design specification) 14 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF External Parts Terminal No. Function Recommended Value Remarks 0.22 mF ¾ C1 Power supply line oscillation prevention C2 Power supply line noise prevention 100 pF to 1000 pF (Note6) C3 Power supply line noise prevention 10 mF to 33 mF (Note6) C4 Filter 470 pF C5 Forward/reverse changeover gain adjustment 0.01 mF C6 Triangular wave oscillation R1 Hall element bias R2 Control amp reference voltage R3 Output current detection ¾ (Note7) ¾ 470 pF to 1000 pF ¾ (Note8) ¾ (Note9) 0.25 W to 0.5 W ¾ Note6: Absorb switching noise by C2 and C3. Note7: This is used to adjust the rotation direction changeover gain. This capacitance valve and the gain are in inverse. This capacitance is to prevent from output through current. Note8: Be sure to set this bias so that the hall element output amplitude and common mode input voltage fall within the ranges specified in the table of electrical characteristic. Note9: The voltage must be set to fall within the common mode input voltage range of the control amp. 15 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF Test Circuit 1. ICC1, ICC2, VINS (H), VINS (L), IINS RF1 0.22 mF 560 pF 30 29 28 Lb VM1 Lc 27 26 Lc (G) MS 25 24 0.01 mF 1.65 V 1.65 V 5 V 23 RF2 GND1 OSC 22 21 20 19 18 17 Vref VC VCC Cd HB Hc N.C. FGO BRK Hb Hb Ha Ha 12 13 14 15 - 16 + Hc TA8493F/AF/BF 2 3 SB 4 5 A RF1 GND2 CRF 6 7 8 9 10 11 - + - + 470 pF 1 VM2 0.33 W Lb (G) La (G) La VSB · ICC1: VSB = 0.5 V · ICC2: VSB = 3.0 V · VINS (H), VINS (L): Judged by the gap between ICC1 and ICC2 · IINS: VINS = 0 V 16 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF 2. IINH, ICMRH, VHB, IINC, VCMRC Lb 29 VM1 28 Lc 27 26 Lc (G) MS 25 24 A 23 RF2 GND1 OSC 22 Vref VHc 0.01 mF 560 pF 30 5V 0.22 mF VCMRC RF1 21 VC 20 19 V 18 HB A 17 - Hc 16 + VCC Cd Hc N.C. FGO BRK Hb Hb Ha Ha 12 13 14 15 TA8493F/AF/BF 2 3 SB 4 5 RF1 GND2 CRF 6 7 0.33 W 1 VM2 8 9 10 11 - 470 pF Lb (G) La (G) La 5V + - + A A VHb VHa · IINH: Total of a phase negative and positive input current. · VCMRH: Measure the IINH gap between VHa = 1.5 V and VHa = 4.0 V. · VHB: IHB = 10 mA · VINC: Total of VC and Vref input current. At VCMRC = 1.65 V. · VCMRC: Measure the IINC gap between VCMRC = 0.5 V and VCMRC = 4.0 V. IINH VHa = VHb = VHc = 2.5 V b and c phase are measured the same method. 17 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF 3. DVOFF (F), DVOFF (R), VLIM 26 25 1.65 V VC 30 Lb 29 VM1 28 Lc 27 Lc (G) MS 24 5V 0.01 mF RF1 0.22 mF 5V 560 pF 22 V 23 RF2 GND1 OSC 22 Vref 21 VC 20 19 18 HB 17 - Hc 16 + VCC Cd Hc N.C. FGO BRK Hb Hb Ha Ha 12 13 14 15 TA8493F/AF/BF 2 3 SB 4 5 22 mF 1 VM2 1000 pF RF1 GND2 CRF 6 7 8 9 10 11 - + - + 0.33 W Lb (G) La (G) La 5V VCRF · DVOFF (F): Measure VRF at VC = 1.63 V/1.5 V. · DVOFF (R): Measure VRF at VC = 1.67 V/1.8 V. · VLIM: Switch the VCRF from 0 V to 0.4 V. 2.5 V Measure the VCRF at the point when output voltage level changes from low (L) to high (H) 18 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF 4. RON (U), VSAT (L) RF1 560 pF 30 Lb 29 VM1 28 Lc 27 26 Lc (G) MS 25 24 5V VHc 0.22 mF 1.65 V 0.5 V 23 RF2 GND1 OSC 22 Vref 21 VC 20 + 0.01 mF 12 V 19 18 17 HB - Hc 16 + VCC Cd Hc N.C. FGO BRK Hb Hb Ha Ha 12 13 14 15 TA8493F/AF/BF 2 0.6 A 1 3 VM2 SB 4 5 RF1 GND2 CRF 6 7 8 9 10 + + 5V · 11 - 0.6 A Lb (G) La (G) La VHb + + - + + VHa 2.5 V + RON (U): Determined output function by VHa , VHb , VHc (2.45 V/2.55 V). Measure voltage value between VM and La, and change to resistance valve. b phase and c phase are measured the same method. · + + + VSAT (L): Determined output function by VHa , VHb , VHc (2.45 V/2.55 V). Measure voltage value between La and GND. b phase and c phase are measured the same method. 19 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF 5. IL (U), IL (L) 5V 560 pF 0.22 mF RF1 A 30 29 28 Lb VM1 Lc 27 26 Lc (G) MS 25 24 23 RF2 GND1 OSC 0.01 mF 16 V 22 21 20 19 18 17 Vref VC VCC Cd HB Hc N.C. FGO BRK Hb Hb Ha Ha 12 13 14 15 - 16 + Hc TA8493F/AF/BF Lb (G) La (G) La 1 2 3 VM2 SB 4 5 RF1 GND2 CRF 6 7 8 9 10 11 - + - + · IL (U): Measure IM when La and GND are shorted. b phase and c phase are measured the same method. · IL (L): Measure IM when VM and La are shorted. b phase and c phase are measured the same method. 20 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF 6. VMS (H), VMS (L), IINS, VBRK (H), VBRK (L), IINBRK 16 A 30 29 28 Lb VM1 Lc 27 26 Lc (G) MS 4V 5V 25 24 23 RF2 GND1 OSC VHc 0.01 mF RF1 0.22 mF VMS 560 pF 12 V 22 21 20 19 18 17 Vref VC VCC Cd HB Hc N.C. FGO BRK Hb Hb Ha Ha 12 13 14 15 - 16 + Hc TA8493F/AF/BF Lb (G) La (G) La 2 3 SB 4 5 RF1 GND2 CRF 6 7 8 0.33 W 1 VM2 9 10 11 - + - + A 5V VSB VHb VHa 2.5 V · VMS (H): VMS = 3.0 V, VBRK = 0 V, verify that output function is reverse mode. · VMS (L): VMS = 0.5 V, VBRK = 0 V, switch from foward mode to reverse mode by VHa, VHb VHc. Verify that VRF changes to zero. · IMS (L): VMS = 0 V, VBRK = 0 V · VBRK (H): VMS = 5 V, VBRK = 3.0 V, verify that La = Lb = Lc: H · VBRK (L): VMS = 5 V, VBRK = 0.5 V, verify that output function is reverse mode. 21 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF 7. VOFG (H), VOFG (L) 0.22 mF 560 pF 30 Lb 29 VM1 28 27 Lc 26 Lc (G) MS 25 24 0.01 mF 5V 23 RF2 GND1 OSC 22 Vref 21 VC 20 19 18 17 HB - Hc 16 + VCC Cd Hc N.C. FGO BRK Hb Hb Ha Ha 12 13 14 15 TA8493F/AF/BF Lb (G) La (G) La 1 2 VM2 SB 4 5 3 RF1 GND2 CRF 6 7 8 9 10 11 · + - + + 5V · - 2.5 V VHb + VOFG (H): VHb = 2.53 V, IFGO = 10 mA (source) + VOFG (L): VHb = 2.47 V, IFGO = 10 mA (sink) 8. VHYS 0.22 mF 560 pF 30 29 28 Lb VM1 Lc 27 26 Lc (G) MS 25 24 0.01 mF 5V 23 RF2 GND1 OSC 22 21 20 19 18 17 Vref VC VCC Cd HB Hc N.C. FGO BRK Hb Hb Ha Ha 12 13 14 15 - 16 + Hc TA8493F/AF/BF Lb (G) La (G) La 1 2 VM2 SB 4 5 3 RF1 GND2 CRF 6 7 8 9 10 11 - + - + V + 5V · 2.5 V VHb + VHYS: Switch the VHb from high (H) to low (L) and from (L) to (H). + Measure the VHb at the point when FGO function changes. 22 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF Application Circuit 5V La (G) Lb (G) Lc (G) 2 1 27 20 VCC + 15 29 - 14 12 4 Amplifier 13 3 16 30 17 28 12 V TSD 6 25 VM2 La Lb Lc RF1 RF2 R3 R1 Reverse Detection + Hb Hb + Hc Hc Matrix Ha VM1 C3 Ha C2 R1 C1 VCC GND FGO 10 R2 Contol signal R2 VC Vref 18 8 PWM Signal CRF C4 HB 21 22 Vref F/F OSC OSC 23 C6 MS 26 Stand by Short Brake BRK 11 24 GND1 7 5 SB 19 Cd GND2 C5 Mode Select 2SJ465 ´ 3 Note10: Utmost care is necessary in the design of the output line, VCC, VM and GND line since IC may be destroyed due to short-circuit between outputs, air contamination fault, or fault by improper grounding. 23 2002-01-31 TA8493F/AF/BF Package Dimensions Weight: 0.63 g (typ.) 24 2001-08-30 TA8493F/AF/BF RESTRICTIONS ON PRODUCT USE 000707EBA · TOSHIBA is continually working to improve the quality and reliability of its products. Nevertheless, semiconductor devices in general can malfunction or fail due to their inherent electrical sensitivity and vulnerability to physical stress. It is the responsibility of the buyer, when utilizing TOSHIBA products, to comply with the standards of safety in making a safe design for the entire system, and to avoid situations in which a malfunction or failure of such TOSHIBA products could cause loss of human life, bodily injury or damage to property. In developing your designs, please ensure that TOSHIBA products are used within specified operating ranges as set forth in the most recent TOSHIBA products specifications. Also, please keep in mind the precautions and conditions set forth in the “Handling Guide for Semiconductor Devices,” or “TOSHIBA Semiconductor Reliability Handbook” etc.. · The TOSHIBA products listed in this document are intended for usage in general electronics applications (computer, personal equipment, office equipment, measuring equipment, industrial robotics, domestic appliances, etc.). These TOSHIBA products are neither intended nor warranted for usage in equipment that requires extraordinarily high quality and/or reliability or a malfunction or failure of which may cause loss of human life or bodily injury (“Unintended Usage”). Unintended Usage include atomic energy control instruments, airplane or spaceship instruments, transportation instruments, traffic signal instruments, combustion control instruments, medical instruments, all types of safety devices, etc.. Unintended Usage of TOSHIBA products listed in this document shall be made at the customer’s own risk. · The products described in this document are subject to the foreign exchange and foreign trade laws. · The information contained herein is presented only as a guide for the applications of our products. No responsibility is assumed by TOSHIBA CORPORATION for any infringements of intellectual property or other rights of the third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any intellectual property or other rights of TOSHIBA CORPORATION or others. · The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. 25 2001-08-30