TC1121 100mA Charge Pump Voltage Converter with Shutdown Features: Package Type • Optional High-Frequency Operation Allows Use of Small Capacitors • Low Operating Current (FC = GND): - 50 μA • High Output Current (100 mA) • Converts a 2.4V to 5.5V Input Voltage to a Corresponding Negative Output Voltage (Inverter mode) • Uses Only 2 Capacitors; No Inductors Required • Selectable Oscillator Frequency: - 10 kHz to 200 kHz • Power-Saving Shutdown Input • Available in 8-Pin MSOP, 8-Pin PDIP and 8-Pin Small Outline (SOIC) Packages Applications: • • • • • 8 V+ 1 CAP+ 2 TC1121CPA 7 OSC GND 3 TC1121EPA 6 SHDN CAP– 4 5 VOUT 8-Pin SOIC 8-Pin MSOP FC 1 8 V+ TC1121COA CAP+ 2 TC1121EOA 7 OSC GND 3 TC1121CUA 6 SHDN TC1121EUA 4 5 VOUT General Description: Device Selection Table Package Operating Temp. Range TC1121COA 8-Pin SOIC 0°C to +70°C TC1121CPA 8-Pin PDIP 0°C to +70°C TC1121CUA 8-Pin MSOP 0°C to +70°C TC1121EOA 8-Pin SOIC -40°C to +85°C TC1121EPA 8-Pin PDIP -40°C to +85°C TC1121EUA 8-Pin MSOP -40°C to +85°C © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. FC CAP– Laptop Computers Medical Instruments Disk Drives μP-Based Controllers Process Instrumentation Part Number 8-Pin PDIP The TC1121 is a charge pump converter with 100 mA output current capability. It converts a 2.4V to 5.5V input to a corresponding negative output voltage. As with all charge pump converters, the TC1121 uses no inductors saving cost, size and EMI. An on-board oscillator operates at a typical frequency of 10 kHz (at V+ = 5V) when the frequency control input (FC) is connected to ground. The oscillator frequency increases to 200 kHz when FC is connected to V+, allowing the use of smaller capacitors. Operation at sub-10 kHz frequencies results in lower quiescent NScurrent and is accomplished with the addition of an external capacitor from OSC (pin 7) to ground. The TC1121 also can be driven from an external clock NSconnected OSC. Typical supply current at 10 kHz is 50 μA, and falls to less than 1 μA when the shutdown input is brought low, whether the internal or an external clock is used. The TC1121 is available in 8-pin SOIC, MSOP and PDIP packages. DS21358C-page 1 TC1121 Functional Block Diagram + C1 – CAP+ SHDN FC OSC Control CAP– TC1121 VOUT RC Oscillator Switch Matrix C2 + OSC V+ Logic Circuits GND DS21358C-page 2 © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. TC1121 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS *Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Absolute Maximum Ratings* Supply Voltage (VDD) ............................................... 6V OSC, FC, SHDN Input Voltage .....-0.3V to (V+ + 0.3V) Output Short Circuit Duration ........................... 10 Sec. Package Power Dissipation (TA ≤ 70°C) 8-Pin PDIP .............................................. 730 mW 8-Pin SOIC .............................................. 470 mW 8-Pin MSOP ............................................ 333 mW Operating Temperature Range C Suffix............................................ 0°C to +70°C E Suffix......................................... -40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range.............. -65°C to +150°C TC1121 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Characteristics: TA = 0°C to 70°C (C suffix), -40°C to +85°C (E suffix), V+= 5V ±10% COSC = Open, C1, C2 = 10 μF, FC = V+, SHDN = VIH, typical values are at TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted. Symbol Parameter IDD Active Supply Current Min Typ Max Units — — 50 0.6 100 1 μA mA RL = Open, FC = Open or GND RL = Open, FC = V+ SHDN = 0V ISHUTDOWN Shutdown Supply Current — 0.2 1.0 μA V+ Supply Voltage 2.4 — 5.5 V VIH SHDN Input Logic High VDD x 0.8 — — V VIL SHDN Input Logic Low — — 0.4 V IIN Input Leakage Current -1 -4 — — 1 4 μA 20 Ω Test Conditions SHDN, OSC FC pin ROUT Output Source Resistance — 12 IOUT Output Current 60 100 FOSC Oscillator Frequency 5 100 10 200 — — kHz Pin 7 Open, Pin 1 Open or GND SHDN = VIH, Pin 1 = V+ PEFF Power Efficiency — 93 94 — — 97 97 92 — — — % FC = GND for all RL = 2k between V+ and VOUT RL = 1kΩ between VOUT and GND IL = 60 mA to GND Voltage Conversion Efficiency 99 99.9 — % RL = Open VEFF Note 1: IOUT = 60 mA VOUT = more negative than -3.75V Connecting any input terminal to voltages greater than V+ or less than GND may cause destructive latch-up. It is recommended that no inputs from sources operating from external supplies be applied prior to “power up” of the TC1121. © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21358C-page 3 TC1121 2.0 PIN DESCRIPTIONS The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 2-1. TABLE 2-1: PIN FUNCTION TABLE Pin No. (8-Pin MSOP, PDIP, SOIC) Symbol Description 1 FC Frequency control for internal oscillator, FC = open, FOSC = 10 kHz typ; FC = V+, FOSC = 200 kHz typ; FC has no effect when OSC pin is driven externally. 2 CAP+ Charge-pump capacitor, positive terminal. 3 GND Power-supply ground input. 4 CAP– Charge-pump capacitor, negative terminal. 5 OUT Output, negative voltage. 6 SHDN 7 OSC 8 V+ DS21358C-page 4 Shutdown. Oscillator control input. An external capacitor can be added to slow the oscillator. Take care to minimize stray capacitance. An external oscillator also may be connected to overdrive OSC. Power-supply positive voltage input. © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. TC1121 3.0 APPLICATIONS 3.2 3.1 Negative Voltage Converter The TC1121’s clock frequency is controlled by four modes: The TC1121 is typically used as a charge-pump voltage inverter. C1 and C2 are the only two external capacitors used in the operating circuit (Figure 3-1). Changing Oscillator Frequency TABLE 3-1: FC 2.4V to 5.5V 1 2 CAP+ C1 + – 4 GND CAP– 10 kHz 8 FC = V+ Open 200 kHz OSC 7 Open or FC = V+ External Capacitor See Typical Operating Characteristics Open External Clock SHDN 6 SHDN* VOUT 5 – + VOUT C2 *SHDN should be tied to VIN if not used. FIGURE 3-1: Oscillator Frequency Open TC1121 3 OSC Open VIN FC OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY MODES Charge Pump Inverter The TC1121 is not sensitive to load current changes, although its output is not actively regulated. A typical output source resistance of 11.8Ω means that an input of +5V results in -5V output voltage under light load, and only decreases to -3.8V typ with a 100 mA load. The supplied output current is from capacitor C2 during one-half the charge-pump cycle. This results in a peak-to-peak ripple of: VRIPPLE = IOUT/2(fPUMP) (C2) + IOUT (ESRC2) Where fPUMP is 5 kHz (one half the nominal 10 kHz oscillator frequency), and C2 = 150 μF with an ESR of 0.2Ω, ripple is about 90 mV with a 100 mA load current. If C2 is raised to 390 μF, the ripple drops to 45 mV. External Clock Frequency The oscillator runs at 10 kHz (typical) when FC and OSC are not connected. The oscillator frequency is lowered by connecting a capacitor between OSC and GND, but FC can still multiply the frequency by 20 times in this mode. An external clock source that swings within 100 mV of V+ and GND may overdrive OSC in the Inverter mode. OSC can be driven by any CMOS logic output. When OSC is overdriven, FC has no effect. Note that the frequency of the signal appearing at CAP+ and CAP– is half that of the oscillator. In addition, by lowering the oscillator frequency, the effective output resistance of the charge-pump increases. To compensate for this, the value of the charge-pump capacitors may be increased. Because the 5 kHz output ripple frequency may be low enough to interfere with other circuitry, the oscillator frequency can be increased with the use of the FC pin or an external oscillator. The output ripple frequency is half the selected oscillator frequency. Although the TC1121’s quiescent current will increase if the clock frequency is increased, it allows smaller capacitance values to be used for C1 and C2. 3.3 Capacitor Selection In addition to load current, the following factors affect the TC1121 output voltage drop from its ideal value 1) output resistance, 2) pump (C1) and reservoir (C2) capacitor ESRs and 3) C1 and C2 capacitance. The voltage drop is the load current times the output resistance. The loss in C2 is the load current times C2’s ESR; C1’s loss is larger because it handles currents greater than the load current during charge-pump operation. Therefore, the voltage drop due to C1 is about four times C1’s ESR multiplied by the load current, and a low (or high) ESR capacitor has a greater impact on performance for C1 than for C2. In general, as the TC1121’s pump frequency increases, capacitance values needed to maintain comparable ripple and output resistance diminish proportionately. © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21358C-page 5 TC1121 3.4 Cascading Devices 3.5 To produce greater negative magnitudes of the initial supply voltage, the TC1121 may be cascaded (see Figure 3-2). Resulting output resistance is approximately equal to the sum of individual TC1121 ROUT values. The output voltage (where n is an integer representing the number of devices cascaded) is defined by VOUT = -n (VIN). Paralleling Devices To reduce output resistance, multiple TC1121s may be paralleled (see Figure 3-3). Each device needs a pump capacitor C1, but the reservoir capacitor C2 serves all devices. The value of C2 should be increased by a factor of n (the number of devices). + VIN VIN 8 FC 2 CAP+ 2 OSC TC1121 + C1 3 GND C1n SHDN* SHDN + 3 4 VOUT 5 4 CAP– VIN 8 FC OSC CAP+ 7 TC1121 GND SHDN CAP– “1” “n” SHDN* VOUT 5 VOUT + + C2n C2 *SHDN should be tied to VIN if not used. FIGURE 3-2: Cascading TC1121s to Increase Output Voltage V+IN OSC 7 2 CAP+ + C1 3 4 TC1121 GND SHDN 2 OSC C1n + 3 CAP+ OSC “1” 4 7 TC1121 GND SHDN SHDN* VOUT 5 CAP– VIN 8 FC VIN 8 FC CAP– “n” VOUT SHDN* 5 + C2 ROUT = ROUT (of TC1121)/n(number of devices) *SHDN should be tied to VIN if not used. FIGURE 3-3: DS21358C-page 6 Paralleling TC1121s to Reduce Output Resistance © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. TC1121 3.6 Combined Positive Supply Multiplication and Negative Voltage Conversion Figure 3-4 shows this dual function circuit, in which capacitors C1 and C2 perform pump and reservoir functions to generate negative voltage. Capacitors C3 and C4 are the respective capacitors for multiplied positive voltage. This particular configuration leads to higher source impedances of the generated supplies due to the finite impedance of the common charge-pump driver. + VIN VIN FC 2 C1 + 3 4 CAP+ 8 D1, D2 = 1N4148 OSC TC1121 GND VOUT CAP– SHDN D1 5 6 – VOUT = VIN + SHDN* C2 D2 + C3 VOUT = (2VIN) – (VFD1) – (VFD2) + C4 *SHDN should be tied to VIN if not used. FIGURE 3-4: Combined Positive Multiplier and Negative Converter © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21358C-page 7 TC1121 4.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 4.1 Package Marking Information Package marking data not available at this time. 4.2 Taping Form Component Taping Orientation for 8-Pin MSOP Devices User Direction of Feed Pin 1 W P Standard Reel Component Orientation for 713 Suffix Device Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size Package 8-Pin MSOP Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size 12 mm 8 mm 2500 13 in Component Taping Orientation for 8-Pin SOIC (Narrow) Devices User Direction of Feed Pin 1 W P Standard Reel Component Orientation for 713 Suffix Device Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size Package 8-Pin SOIC (N) DS21358C-page 8 Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size 12 mm 8 mm 2500 13 in © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. TC1121 4.3 Package Dimensions 8-Pin MSOP Pin 1 .122 (3.10) .114 (2.90) .197 (5.00) .189 (4.80) .026 (0.65) Typ. .122 (3.10) .114 (2.90) .043 (1.10) Max. .016 (0.40) .010 (0.25) .008 (0.20) .005 (0.13) 6° Max. .006 (0.15) .002 (0.05) .028 (0.70) .016 (0.40) Dimensions: inches (mm) 8-Pin Plastic DIP Pin 1 .260 (6.60) .240 (6.10) .045 (1.14) .030 (0.76) .070 (1.78) .040 (1.02) .310 (7.87) .290 (7.37) .400 (10.16) .348 (8.84) .200 (5.08) .140 (3.56) .040 (1.02) .020 (0.51) .150 (3.81) .115 (2.92) .110 (2.79) .090 (2.29) .022 (0.56) .015 (0.38) .015 (0.38) .008 (0.20) 3° Min. .400 (10.16) .310 (7.87) Dimensions: inches (mm) © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21358C-page 9 TC1121 Package Dimensions (Continued) 8-Pin SOIC Pin 1 .157 (3.99) .150 (3.81) .244 (6.20) .228 (5.79) .050 (1.27) Typ. .197 (5.00) .189 (4.80) .069 (1.75) .053 (1.35) .020 (0.51) .010 (0.25) .013 (0.33) .004 (0.10) .010 (0.25) .007 (0.18) 8° Max. .050 (1.27) .016 (0.40) Dimensions: inches (mm) DS21358C-page 10 © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. TC1121 THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE CUSTOMER SUPPORT Microchip provides online support via our WWW site at www.microchip.com. This web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following information: Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels: • Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived software • General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), technical support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program member listing • Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives • • • • • Distributor or Representative Local Sales Office Field Application Engineer (FAE) Technical Support Development Systems Information Line Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer (FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document. Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com CUSTOMER CHANGE NOTIFICATION SERVICE Microchip’s customer notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip products. Subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes, updates, revisions or errata related to a specified product family or development tool of interest. To register, access the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com, click on Customer Change Notification and follow the registration instructions. © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21358C-page 11 TC1121 READER RESPONSE It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (480) 792-4150. Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this document. To: Technical Publications Manager RE: Reader Response Total Pages Sent ________ From: Name Company Address City / State / ZIP / Country Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ FAX: (______) _________ - _________ Application (optional): Would you like a reply? Device: TC1121 Y N Literature Number: DS21358C Questions: 1. What are the best features of this document? 2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs? 3. Do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? If not, why? 4. What additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject? 5. What deletions from the document could be made without affecting the overall usefulness? 6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)? 7. How would you improve this document? DS21358C-page 12 © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: • Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. • Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. • There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. • Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. • Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.” Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. 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Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron, dsPIC, KEELOQ, microID, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PRO MATE, PowerSmart, rfPIC, and SmartShunt are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. AmpLab, FilterLab, Migratable Memory, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL, SmartSensor and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, Linear Active Thermistor, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICLAB, PICtail, PowerCal, PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, REAL ICE, rfLAB, rfPICDEM, Select Mode, Smart Serial, SmartTel, Total Endurance, UNI/O, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2006, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona, Gresham, Oregon and Mountain View, California. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures are for its PICmicro® 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ® code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified. © 2006 Microchip Technology Inc. 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