TDA7407 Advanced car signal processor Features ● Fully integrated signal processor optimized for car radio applications ● Fully programmable by i2c bus ● Includes audioprocessor, stereo decoder with noise blanker and multipath detector ● Softmute function ● Programmable roll-off compensation ● No external components LQFP44 Description The TDA7407 is the newcomer of the CSP family introduced by TDA7460/61. It uses the same innovative concepts and design technologies allowing fully software programmability through I2C bus and overall cost optimisation for the system designer. The device includes a three band audioprocessor with configurable inputs, and absence of external components for filter settings, a last generation stereo decoder with multipath detector, and a sophisticated stereo blend and noise cancellation circuitry. Strength points of the CSP approach are flexibility and overall cost/room saving in the application, combined with high performances. Order codes Part number Package Packing TDA7407 LQFP44 Tray TDA7407TR LQFP44 Tape and reel January 2007 Rev 3 1/46 www.st.com 1 Contents TDA7407 Contents 1 Block diagram and pin connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1 2 Audio processor part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1 2.2 3 ESD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 List of features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.1 Input multiplexer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.2 Volume control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.3 Bass control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.4 Mid control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.5 Treble control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.6 Speaker control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.7 Mute functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Stereo decoder part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.1 Notes to the characteristics: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4 Noise blanker part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5 Multipath detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.1 2/46 Description of the audioprocessor part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.1.1 Input multiplexer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.1.2 Input stages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.1.3 AutoZero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.1.4 AutoZero remain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.1.5 Multiplexer output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.1.6 Softmute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.1.7 BASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.1.8 Attenuation (80Hz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.9 Center frequency (60, 70, 80, 100Hz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.10 Quality factors (1, 1.25, 1.5, 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.11 DC mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.12 MID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.13 Attenuation (1kHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 TDA7407 Contents 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 6 5.1.14 Center frequency (500, 1k, 1.5k, 2k Hz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.15 Quality factor (2 at 1kHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.16 Treble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.17 Attenuation (17.5kHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.18 Center frequency (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5kHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.19 AC coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.1.20 Speaker Attenuator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Functional description of the stereo decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.2.1 Stereo decoder Mute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.2.2 Ingain + Infilter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.2.3 Demodulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.2.4 De-emphasis and Highcut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.2.5 PLL and pilot tone detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.2.6 Field strength control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.2.7 LEVEL Input and Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.2.8 Stereoblend control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.2.9 Highcut control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.2.10 Functional description of the noiseblanker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.2.11 Trigger path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 5.2.12 Automatic noise controlled threshold adjustment (ATC) . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Automatic threshold control mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.3.1 Automatic threshold control by the stereoblend voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.3.2 Over deviation detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Functional description of the multipath detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.4.1 Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.4.2 Quality detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.4.3 AF Search Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Test mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 I2C Bus interface description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.1 Interface protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.2 Auto increment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7 Data byte specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8 Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3/46 Contents 9 4/46 TDA7407 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 TDA7407 List of tables List of tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. Table 17. Table 18. Table 19. Table 20. Table 21. Table 22. Table 23. Table 24. Table 25. Table 26. Table 27. Pin Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Audio processor electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Stereo decoder electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Noise blanker electrical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Multipath electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Quality detector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Transmitted data (send mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Subaddress (receive mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Input selector (subaddress 0H). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Volume and speaker attenuation (subaddress 1H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 7H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Treble filter (subaddress 2H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Bass filter (subaddress 3H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Soft mute and bass programming (subaddress 8H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Stereo decoder (subaddress 9H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Noiseblanker (subaddress AH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 High Cut (subaddress BH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Field strength Control (subaddress CH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Configuration (subaddress DH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Stereo decoder adjustment (subaddress EH). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Testing (subaddress FH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 New quality / control (subaddress 10H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Mid filter (subaddress 11H). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 5/46 List of figures TDA7407 List of figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. 6/46 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Pin connections (top view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Vn timing diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Trigger threshold vs.VPEAK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Deviation controlled trigger adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Fieldstrength controlled trigger adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Input stages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Softmute timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Bass control @ fc = 80Hz, Q = 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Bass center @ Gain = 14dB, Q =1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Bass quality factors @ Gain =14dB, fc = 80Hz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Bass normal and DC mode @ Gain = 14dB, fc = 80Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Mid control @ fc=1kHz, Q=1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Mid center frequency @ Gain=14dB, Q1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Mid Q factor @ fc=1kHz, Gain=14dB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Treble control @ fc = 17.5KHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Treble center frequencies @ Gain = 14dB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Block diagram of the stereo decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Signals during stereo decoder's softmute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Internal Stereoblend characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Relation between internal and external LEVEL voltage and setup of stereoblend . . . . . . . 28 High cut characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Block Diagram of the Noiseblanker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Block diagram of the multipath detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Mute control logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 TDA7407 ACOUTL ACOUTR 41 N.C. 42 ACINLR 43 ACINRR 44 ACINLF VREF Pin connections (top view) CREF Figure 2. TAPE L Block diagram TAPE R Figure 1. ACINRF Block diagram and pin connections 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 OUT LR CDL 5 29 OUT RR N.C. 6 28 N.C. PHONE- 7 27 VS PHONE+ 8 26 GND AFS 9 25 N.C. AM 10 24 SDA N.C. 11 23 SCL 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 SMUTE 30 QUAL 4 N.C. OUT RF CDLOUT MUXL 31 MUXR 3 N.C. OUT LF CDGND MPOUT N.C. 32 MPIN 33 2 LEVEL 1 N.C. CDR CDROUT MPX 1 Block diagram and pin connections PINCON-TDA7407 7/46 Block diagram and pin connections Table 1. 8/46 TDA7407 Pin Description N. Name 1 CDR Function CD right channel input Type I 2 CDROUT CD output right channel O 3 CDGND CD input common ground I 4 CDLOUT CD output left channel O 5 CDL CD input left channel I 6 nc 7 PH - Differential phone input - I 8 PH + Differential phone input + I 9 AFS AFS drive I 10 AM AM input I 11 nc 12 MPX 13 nc 14 LEVEL 15 MPIN 16 MPOUT 17 nc 18 MUXL Multiplexer output left channel O 19 MUXR Multiplexer output right channel O 20 nc 21 QUAL 22 SMUTE - FM stereo decoder input I - Level input stereo decoder I Multipath input I Multipath output O - Stereo decoder quality output O Soft mute drive I 2C clock line I 23 SCL I 24 SDA I2C data line 25 nc 26 GND Supply ground S 27 VS Supply voltage S 28 nc 29 OUTRR Right rear speaker output O 30 OUTLR Left rear speaker output O 31 OUTRF Right front spaeaker output O 32 OUTLF Left front speaker output O 33 nc 34 ACOUTR Pre-speaker AC output right channel O 35 ACOUTL Pre-speaker AC output left channel O I/O - - - TDA7407 Block diagram and pin connections Table 1. Pin Description (continued) N. Name Function Type 36 nc 37 ACINLR Pre-speaker input left rear channel I 38 ACINRR Pre-speaker input right rear channel I 39 ACINRF Pre-speaker input right front channel I 40 ACINLF Pre-speaker input left front channel I 41 VREF Reference voltage output O 42 CREF Reference capacitor pin S 43 TAPEL Tape input left I 44 TAPER Tape input right I - Pin type legend: I = Input ; O = Output; I/O = Input/Output; S = Supply; nc = not connected Table 2. Absolute maximum ratings Symbol VS Parameter Unit 10.5 V Operating supply voltage Tamb Operating ambient temperature range -40 to 85 °C Tstg Operating storage temperature range -55 to 150 °C Table 3. Symbol Supply Parameter VS Supply voltage IS Supply current SVRR Table 4. Symbol Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit 7.5 9 10 V VS = 9V 30 35 40 mA Audioprocessor (all filters flat) 50 60 dB Stereo decoder + audioprocessor 45 55 dB Ripple rejection @ 1KHz Thermal data Parameter Rth-j pins Thermal resistance junction to pins (max) 1.1 Value Value Unit 85 °C/W ESD All pins are protected against ESD according to the MIL883 standard. 9/46 Audio processor part 2 Audio processor part 2.1 List of features 2.1.1 Input multiplexer 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 10/46 ● Quasi differential CD and cassette stereo input ● AM mono input ● Phone differential input ● Multiplexer signal after In-Gain available at separate pins Volume control ● 1dB attenuator ● Max. gain 15dB ● Max. attenuation 79dB Bass control ● 2nd order frequency response ● Q-factor programmable in 4 steps ● Center frequency programmable in 4(5) steps ● DC gain programmable ● ±15 x 1dB steps Mid control ● 2nd order frequency response ● Q-factor programmable in 2 steps ● Center frequency programmable in 4 steps ● ±15 x 1dB steps Treble control ● 2nd order frequency response ● Center frequency programmable in 4 steps ● ±15 x 1dB steps Speaker control ● 4 independent speaker controls in 1dB steps ● max gain 15dB ● max. attenuation 79dB TDA7407 TDA7407 2.1.7 2.2 Audio processor part Mute functions ● Direct mute ● Digitally controlled softmute with 4 programmable mute time. Electrical characteristics . Table 5. Audio processor electrical characteristics (VS = 9V; Tamb = 25°C; RL = 10KΩ; all gains = 0dB; f = 1KHz; unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Test condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit 70 100 130 KΩ Input selector Rin Input resistance VCL Clipping level 2.2 2.6 VRMS SIN Input separation 80 100 dB GIN MIN Min. input gain -1 0 1 dB GIN MAX Max. input gain 13 15 17 dB Step resolution 0.5 1 1.5 dB Adjacent gain step -5 0.5 5 mV GMIN to GMAX -10 5 10 mV Differential 70 100 130 KΩ Common mode 70 100 130 KΩ Common mode rejection ratio VCM = 1VRMS @ 1KHz 45 70 dB VCM = 1VRMS @ 10KHz 45 60 dB Output noise @ speaker outputs 20Hz to 20KHz flat; all stages 0dB GSTEP VDC all inputs except phone DC steps Differential CD stereo input Rin CMRR eN Input resistance 6 15 mV Differential phone input Rin CMRR Input resistance Differential 40 56 KΩ Common mode rejection ratio VCM = 1VRMS @ 1KHz 40 70 dB VCM = 1VRMS @ 10KHz 40 60 dB Volume control GMAX Max gain 13 15 AMAX Max attenuation 70 79 ASTEP Step resolution 0.5 1 1.5 dB G = -20 to 20dB -1.25 0 1.25 dB G = -60 to 20dB -4 0 3 dB 2 dB EA Attenuation set error ET Tracking error 17 dB dB 11/46 Audio processor part Table 5. TDA7407 Audio processor electrical characteristics (continued) (VS = 9V; Tamb = 25°C; RL = 10KΩ; all gains = 0dB; f = 1KHz; unless otherwise specified) Symbol VDC Parameter Test condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit Adjacent attenuation steps 0.1 3 mV From 0dB to GMIN 0.5 5 mV DC steps Soft mute/AFS AMUTE TD Mute attenuation 80 100 dB T1 0.48 ms T2 0.96 ms T3 40.4 ms T4 324 ms Delay time VTH low Low threshold for SM-/AFS- Pin(1) VTH high High threshold for SM-/AFS-Pin RPD 1 2.5 Internal pull-up resistor V V 45 KΩ Bass control CRANGE Control range ASTEP fC QBASS ±13 ±15 ±17 dB 0.5 1 1.5 dB fC1 54 60 66 Hz fC2 63 70 77 Hz fC3 72 80 88 Hz fC4 90 100 (150) 110 Hz Q1 0.9 1 1.1 Q2 1.1 1.25 1.4 Q3 1.3 1.5 1.7 Q4 1.8 2 2.2 DC = off -1 0 1 dB DC = on 3.5 4.4 5.5 dB ±13 ±15 ±17 dB 0.5 1 1.5 dB fC1 450 500 550 Hz fC2 0.9 1 1.1 kHz fC3 1.35 1.5 1.65 kHz fC4 1.8 2 2.2 kHz Step resolution Center frequency Quality factor DCGAIN Bass-DC-gain (2) MID control CRANGE Control range ASTEP fC 12/46 Step resolution Center frequency TDA7407 Audio processor part Table 5. Audio processor electrical characteristics (continued) (VS = 9V; Tamb = 25°C; RL = 10KΩ; all gains = 0dB; f = 1KHz; unless otherwise specified) Symbol QMID Parameter Quality factor Test condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit Q1 0.9 1 1.1 Q2 1.8 2 2.2 ±13 ±15 ±17 dB 0.5 1 1.5 dB fC1 8 10 12 KHz fC2 10 12.5 15 KHz fC3 12 15 18 KHz fC4 14 17.5 21 KHz Treble control CRANGE Control range ASTEP fC Step resolution Center frequency 1. The SM pin is active low (mute = 0) 2. See note in programming section 13/46 Stereo decoder part 3 TDA7407 Stereo decoder part Table 6. Symbol Stereo decoder electrical characteristics (VS = 9V; de-emphasis time constant = 50μs,VMPX = 500mV (75KHz deviation), fm= 1KHz, Gv = 6dB. Tamb = 25°C; unless otherwise specified) Parameter Vin MPX input level Rin Input resistance GMIN Test condition Min. Unit 0.5 1.25 VRMS 70 100 130 KΩ Min. input gain 1.5 3.5 4.5 dB GMAX Max. input gain 8.5 11 12.5 dB GSTEP Step resolution 1.75 2.5 3.25 dB 35 60 dB 30 50 dB SVRR Supply voltage ripple rejection α Max. channel separation THD Total harmonic distortion S+N -------------N Signal plus noise to noise ratio Gv = 3.5dB Typ. Max. Vripple = 100mV; f = 1KHz 0.02 A-weighted, S = 2VRMS 80 91 0.3 % dB Mono / stereo switch VPTHST1 Pilot threshold voltage for Stereo, PTH = 1 10 15 25 mV VPTHST0 Pilot threshold voltage for Stereo, PTH = 0 15 25 35 mV VPTHMO1 Pilot threshold voltage for Mono, PTH = 1 7 12 17 mV VPTHMO0 Pilot threshold voltage for Mono, PTH = 1 10 19 25 mV PLL Δf/f Capture range 0.5 % De-emphasis and highcut tHC50 De-emphasis time constant Bit 7, Subadr, 10 = 0, VLEVEL >> VHCH 25 50 75 μs tHC75 De-emphasis time constant Bit 7, Subadr, 10 = 1, VLEVEL >> VHCH 50 75 100 μs tHC50 Highcut time constant Bit 7, Subadr, 10 = 0, VLEVEL >> VHCL 100 150 200 μs tHC75 Highcut time constant Bit 7, Subadr, 10 = 1, VLEVEL >> VHCL 150 225 300 μs 4.7 5 5.3 V Stereo blend and highcut control 14/46 REF5V Internal reference voltage TCREF5V Temperature coefficient 3300 ppm LGmin Min. LEVEL gain -1 0 1 dB LGmax Max. LEVEL gain 8 10 12 dB TDA7407 Stereo decoder part Table 6. Symbol Stereo decoder electrical characteristics (continued) (VS = 9V; de-emphasis time constant = 50μs,VMPX = 500mV (75KHz deviation), fm= 1KHz, Gv = 6dB. Tamb = 25°C; unless otherwise specified) Parameter Test condition Typ. Max. Unit 0.3 0.67 1 dB VSBLmin Min. voltage for mono 25 29 33 %REF5V VSBLmax Min. voltage for mono 54 58 62 %REF5V VSBLstep Step resolution 2.2 4.2 6.2 %REF5V VHCHmin Min. voltage for NO highcut 38 42 46 %REF5V VHCHmax Min. voltage for NO highcut 62 66 70 %REF5V VHCHstep Step resolution 5 8.4 12 %REF5V VHCLmin Min. voltage for full highcut 12 17 22 %VHCH VHCLmax Max. voltage for full highcut 28 33 38 %VHCH VHCLstep Step resolution 2.2 4.2 6.2 %VHCH 40 50 LGstep LEVEL gain step resolution Min. Carrier and harmonic suppression at the output α19 Pilot signal f = 19KHz α38 Subcarrier f = 38KHz 75 dB α57 Subcarrier f = 57KHz 62 dB α76 Subcarrier f = 76KHz 90 dB dB Intermodulation (Note 1) α2 fmod = 10KHz, fspur = 1KHz 65 dB α3 fmod = 13KHz, fspur = 1KHz 75 dB 70 dB 75 dB Traffic Ratio (Note 2) α57 Signal f = 57KHz SCA - Subsidiary communications authorization (note 3) α67 Signal f = 67KHz ACI - Adjacent channel interference (note 4) α114 Signal f = 114KHz 95 dB α190 Signal f = 190KHz 84 dB 15/46 Stereo decoder part 3.1 TDA7407 Notes to the characteristics: 1. Intermodulation suppression: V O ( signal ) ( at1kHz ) α2 = ------------------------------------------------------- ; f = (2 x 10kHz) - 19kHz V O ( spurious ) ( at1kHz ) s V O ( signal ) ( at1kHz ) α3 = ------------------------------------------------------- ; f = (3 x 13kHz) - 38kHz V O ( spurious ) ( at1kHz ) s measured with: 91% pilot signal; fm = 10kHz or 13kHz. 2. Traffic radio (V.F.) suppression: measured with: 91% stereo signal; 9% pilot signal; fm = 1kHz; 5% subcarrier (f = 57kHz, fm = 23Hz AM, m = 60%) V O ( signal ) ( at1kHz ) α57 ( V.W > F. ) = --------------------------------------------------------------------------V O ( spurious ) ( at1kHz ± 23kHz ) 3. SCA (Subsidiary Communications Authorization) measured with: 81% mono signal; 9% pilot signal; fm = 1kHz; 10% SCA - subcarrier (fs = 67kHz, unmodulated). V O ( signal ) ( at1kHz ) α67 = ------------------------------------------------------- ; Fs =(2 x 38kHz) - 67kHz V O ( spurious ) ( at9kHz ) 4. ACI (Adjacent Channel Interference): V O ( signal ) ( at1kHz ) α114 = ------------------------------------------------------- ; Fs = 110kHz - (3 x 38kHz) V O ( spurious ) ( at4kHz ) V O ( signal ) ( at1kHz ) α114 = ------------------------------------------------------- ; Fs = 186kHz - (5 x 38kHz) V O ( spurious ) ( at4kHz ) measured with: 90% mono signal; 9% pilot signal; fm =1kHz; 1% spurious signal (fs = 110kHz or 186kHz, unmodulated). 16/46 TDA7407 4 Noise blanker part Noise blanker part ● internal 2nd order 140kHz high pass filter ● programmable trigger threshold ● trigger threshold dependent on high frequency noise with programmable gain ● additional circuits for deviation and fieldstrength dependent trigger adjustment ● very low offset current during hold time due to opamps wMOS inputs ● four selectable pulse suppression times ● programmable noise rectifier charge/discharge current Table 7. Symbol VTR VTRNOISE Noise blanker electrical characteristics Parameter Trigger threshold (1) (2) Noise controlled trigger threshold (3) Test condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit NBT = 111 (10) 30 (10) mVOP NBT = 110 (10) 35 (10) mVOP NBT = 101 (10) 40 (10) mVOP NBT = 100 (10) 45 (10) mVOP NBT = 011 (10) 50 (10) mVOP NBT = 010 (10) 55 (10) mVOP NBT = 001 (10) 60 (10) mVOP NBT = 000 (10) 65 (10) mVOP NCT = 00 (10) 260 (10) mVOP NCT = 01 (10) 220 (10) mVOP NCT = 10 (10) 180 (10) mVOP NCT = 11 (10) 140 (10) mVOP (7) 0.5 0.9 1.3 V VMPX = 50mV; f = 150KHz 1.5 1.7 2.1 V VMPX = 200mV; f = 150KHz 2.2 2.5 2.9 V OVD = 11 0.5 0.9(off) 1.3 VOP OVD = 10 0.9 1.2 1.5 VOP OVD = 01 1.7 2.0 2.3 VOP OVD = 00 2.5 2.8 3.1 VOP FSC = 11 0.5 0.9(off) 1.3 V FSC = 10 0.9 1.4 1.5 V FSC = 01 1.7 1.9 2.3 V FSC = 00 2.1 2.4 3.1 V meas. with VPEAK = 0.9V meas. with VPEAK = 1.5V VMPX = 0mV VRECT VRECT DEV Rectifier voltage Deviation dependent rectifier voltage (4) Fieldstrength VRECT FS controlled rectifier voltage (5) means. with VMPX = 800mV (75KHz dev.) means. with VMPX = 0mV VLEVEL << VSBL (fully mono) NRD = 00 17/46 Noise blanker part Table 7. Symbol TS TDA7407 Noise blanker electrical characteristics (continued) Parameter Test condition Suppression pulse duration (6) Signal HOLDN in testmode Min. Typ. Max. Unit BLT = 00 TBD 38 TBD μs BLT = 10 TBD 32 TBD μs BLT = 01 TBD 25.5 TBD μs BLT = 00 TBD 22 TBD μs (5) (10) 0.3 (10) V/ms NRD = 01 (5) (10) 0.8 (10) V/ms NRD = 10 (5) (10) 1.3 (10) V/ms NRD = 11 (5) (10) V/ms NRD = 00 Noise rectifier Signal PEAK in VRECTADJ discharge adjustment testmode (7) SRPEAK VADJMP Noise rectifier charge Noise rectifier adjustment through multipath (9) Signal PEAK in testmode Signal PEAK in testmode 2.0 (10) (8) (10) 10 (10) mV/μs PCH = 1 (8) (10) 20 (10) mV/μs 0.3 (10) V/ms V/ms PCH = 0 MPNB = 00 (9) (10) MPNB = 01 (9) (10) 0.5 (10) MPNB = 10 (9) (10) 0.7 (10) V/ms MPNB = 11 (9) (10) 0.9 (10) V/ms 1. All Thresholds are measured using a pulse with TR =2ms, THIGH = 2ms and TF = 10ms. The repetition rate must not increase the PEAK voltage 2. NBT represents the Noiseblanker Byte bits D2, D0 for the noise blanker trigger threshold 3. NAT represents the Noiseblanker Byte bit pair D4, D3 for the noise controlled triggeradjustment 4. OVD represents the Noiseblanker Byte bit pair D7, D6 for the over deviation detector 5. FSC represents the Fieldstrength Byte bit pair D1, D0 for the fieldstrength control 6. BLT represents the Speaker RR Byte bit pair D7, D6 for the blanktime adjustment 7. NRD represents the Configuration Byte bit pair D1, D0 for the noise rectifier discharge adjustment 8. PCH represents the Stereo decoder Byte bit D5 for the noise rectifier charge current adjustment 9. MPNB represents the HighCut Byte bit D7 and the Fieldstrength Byte D7 for the noise rectifier multipath adjustment 10. By design / characterization functionally guaranteed through dedicated test mode structure Figure 3. Vn timing diagram VIN VOP DC D97AU636 18/46 TR THIGH TF Time TDA7407 Noise blanker part Figure 4. Trigger threshold vs.VPEAK VTH 260mV(00) 220mV(01) 180mV(10) 140mV(11) MIN. TRIG. THRESHOLD NOISE CONTROLLED TRIG. THRESHOLD 65mV 8 STEPS 30mV 0.9V Figure 5. VPEAK(V) 1.5V D97AU648 Deviation controlled trigger adjustment VPEAK (VOP) 00 01 2.8 2.0 10 1.2 0.9 D97AU649 Figure 6. DETECTOR OFF (11) 20 32.5 45 DEVIATION(KHz) 75 Fieldstrength controlled trigger adjustment VPEAK MONO STEREO »3V 2.4V(00) 1.9V(01) 1.4V(10) NOISE noisy signal 0.9V ATC_SB OFF (11) D97AU650 good signal E' 19/46 Multipath detector 5 TDA7407 Multipath detector ● Internal 19kHz band pass filter ● Programmable band pass and rectifier gain ● two pin solution fully independent usable for external programming ● selectable internal influence on Stereoblend Table 8. Symbol fCMP GBPMP Multipath electrical characteristics Parameter Center frequency of multipath-bandpass Bandpass gain GRECTMP Rectifier gain ICHMP Rectifier charge current IDISMP Rectifier discharge current Table 9. Symbol A B 20/46 Test condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit stereo decoder locked on pilot tone 19 KHz bits D2, D1 configuration byte = 00 6 dB bits D2, D1 configuration byte = 10 12 dB bits D2, D1 configuration byte = 01 16 dB bits D2, D1 configuration byte = 11 18 dB bits D7, D6 configuration byte = 00 7.6 dB bits D7, D6 configuration byte = 01 4.6 dB bits D7, D6 configuration byte = 10 0 dB bits D7, D6 configuration byte = 11 off dB bit D5 configuration byte = 0 0.5 μA bit D5 configuration byte = 1 1.0 μA 0.5 1 1.5 mA Quality detector Parameter Multipath Influence factor Noise influence factor Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit Addr. 12 / Bit 5+6 00 01 10 11 0.7 0.85 1.00 1.15 dB dB dB dB Addr. 16 / Bit 1+2 00 01 10 11 15 12 9 6 dB dB dB dB TDA7407 Multipath detector 5.1 Description of the audioprocessor part 5.1.1 Input multiplexer 5.1.2 ● CD quasi differential ● Cassette stereo ● Phone differential ● AM mono ● Stereo decoder input. Input stages Most of the input stages have remained the same as in preceeding ST audioprocessors with the exception of the CD inputs (see Figure 7). In the meantime there are some CD players on the market having a significant high source impedance which strongly affects the common mode rejection of the normal differential input stage. The additional buffer of the CD input avoids this drawback and offers the full common mode rejection even with those CD players. The output of the CD stage is permanently available of the CD out-pins 5.1.3 AutoZero In order to reduce the number of pins, there is no AC coupling between the In-Gain and the following stage, so that any offset generated by or before the In-Gain stage would be transferred or even amplified to the output. To avoid that effect a special offset cancellation stage called AutoZero is implemented. This stage is located before the volume block to eliminate all offsets generated by the stereo decoder, the input stage and the In-Gain (please notice that externally generated offsets, e.g. generated through the leakage current of the coupling capacitors, are not cancelled). Auto-zeroing is started every time the DATA-BYTE 0 is selected and takes a time of max. 0.3ms. To avoid audible clicks the audioprocessor is muted before the volume stage during this time. 5.1.4 AutoZero remain In some cases, for example if the μP is executing a refresh cycle of the I2C bus programming, it is not useful to start a new AutoZero action because no new source is selected and an undesired mute would appear at the outputs. For such applications the TDA7407 could be switched in the "Auto Zero Remain mode" (Bit 6 of the subaddress byte). If this bit is set to high, the DATABYTE 0 could be loaded without invoking the AutoZero and the old adjustment value remains. 5.1.5 Multiplexer output The output signal of the input multiplexer is available at separate pins (please see the block diagram). This signal represents the input signal amplifier by the In-Gain stage and is also going into the mixer stage. 21/46 Multipath detector 5.1.6 TDA7407 Softmute The digitally controlled softmute stage allows muting/demuting the signal with a I2C bus programmable slope. The mute process can either be activated by the softmute pin or by the I2C bus. The slope is realized in a special S shaped curve to mute slow in the critical regions. Figure 7. Input stages 15K CD+ 15K 1 100K + CD OUT 15K CD- 15K 1 100K 27K 28K PHONE+ + 27K 28K IN GAIN PHONECASSETTE 100K AM 100K STEREO DECODER MPX 100K D98AU854A Figure 8. Softmute timing EXT. MUTE 1 +SIGNAL REF -SIGNAL 1 I2C BUS OUT D97AU634 Note: Time Please notice that a started Mute action is always terminated and could not be interrupted by a change of the mute signal. For timing purposes the Bit 3 of the I2C bus output register is set to 1 from the start of muting until the end of demuting. 5.1.7 BASS There are four parameters programmable in the bass stage: (see figs 9, 10, 11, 12): 22/46 TDA7407 5.1.8 Multipath detector Attenuation (80Hz) Figure 9 shows the attenuation as a function of frequency at a center frequency of 80Hz. 5.1.9 Center frequency (60, 70, 80, 100Hz) Figure 10 shows the four possible center frequencies 60,70,80 and 100Hz. 5.1.10 Quality factors (1, 1.25, 1.5, 2) Figure 11 shows the four possible quality factors 1, 1.25, 1.5 and 2. 5.1.11 DC mode In this mode the DC gain is increased by 5.1dB. In addition the programmed center frequency and quality factor is decreased by 25%, which can be used to reach alternative center frequencies or quality factors. (see Figure 12) 5.1.12 MID There are 3 parameters programmable in the mid stage (see figures13, 14 and 15) 5.1.13 Attenuation (1kHz) Figure 13 shows the attenuation as a function of frequency at a center frequency of 1kHz. 5.1.14 Center frequency (500, 1k, 1.5k, 2k Hz) Figure 14 shows the four possible center frequencies 500Hz, 1kHz, 1.5kHz and 2kHz. 5.1.15 Quality factor (2 at 1kHz) Figure 15 shows the two possible quality factors 1 and 2 at a center frequency of 1kHz. 5.1.16 Treble There are two parameters programmable in the treble stage (see figures 16, and17): 5.1.17 Attenuation (17.5kHz) Figure 16 shows the attenuation as a function of frequency at a center frequency of 17.5KHz. 5.1.18 Center frequency (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5kHz) Figure 17 shows the four possible Center Frequency (10, 12.5, 15 and 17.5kHz). 5.1.19 AC coupling In some applications additional signal manipulations are desired, for example surround sound or more band equalizing. For this purpose AC Coupling is placed before the speaker attenuators, which can be activated or internally shorted by Bit7 in the Bass/Treble configuration byte. In short condition the input signal of the speaker attenuator is available at 23/46 Multipath detector TDA7407 AC Outputs and the AC Input could be used as additional stereo inputs. The input impedance of the AC Inputs is always 50KΩ. 5.1.20 Speaker Attenuator The speaker attenuators have exactely the same structure and range like the volume stage. Figure 9. Bass control @ fc = 80Hz, Q = 1 Figure 10. Bass center @ Gain = 14dB, Q =1 15.0 15.0 10.0 12.5 5.0 10.0 7.5 0.0 5.0 -5.0 2.5 -10.0 0.0 -15.0 10.0 100.0 1.0K 10.0K 10.0 100.0 1.0K 10.0K Figure 11. Bass quality factors @ Gain =14dB, Figure 12. Bass normal and DC mode @ Gain fc = 80Hz = 14dB, fc = 80Hz 15.0 15.0 12.5 12.5 10.0 10.0 7.5 7.5 5.0 5.0 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 10.0 100.0 1.0K 10.0K Note: In general the center frequency, Q and DC-mode can be set independently. The exception from this rule is the mode (5/xx1111xx) where the center frequency is set to 150Hz instead of 100Hz. 10.0 24/46 100.0 1.0K 10.0K TDA7407 Multipath detector Figure 13. Mid control @ fc=1kHz, Q=1 Figure 14. Mid center frequency @ Gain=14dB, Q1 15.0 15.0 10.0 12.5 5.0 10.0 0.0 7.5 -5.0 5.0 2.5 -10.0 0.0 -15.0 10.0 100.0 1.0K 10.0K Figure 15. Mid Q factor @ fc=1kHz, Gain=14dB 10.0 1.0K 10.0K Figure 16. Treble control @ fc = 17.5KHz 15.0 15.0 12.5 10.0 10.0 5.0 7.5 0.0 5.0 -5.0 2.5 -10.0 0.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 1.0K 10.0K -15.0 10.0 100.0 1.0K 10.0K Figure 17. Treble center frequencies@ Gain = 14dB 25/46 Multipath detector 5.2 TDA7407 Functional description of the stereo decoder The stereo decoder part of the TDA7407 (see Figure 18) contains all functions necessary to demodulate the MPX signal like pilot tone dependent MONO/STEREO switching as well as "stereoblend" and "highcut" functions. 5.2.1 Stereo decoder Mute The TDA7407 has a fast and easy to control RDS mute function which is a combination of the audioprocessor's softmute and the high ohmic mute of the stereo decoder. If the stereo decoder is selected and a softmute command is sent (or activated through the SM pin), the stereo decoder will be set automatically to the high ohmic mute condition after the audio signal has been softmuted. Hence a checking of alternate frequencies could be performed. To release the system from the mute condition, the unmute command must be sent: the stereo decoder is unmuted immediately and the audioprocessor is softly unmuted. Figure 19 shows the output signal VO as well as the internal stereo decoder mute signal. This influence of Softmute on the stereo decoder mute can be switched off by setting bit 3 of the Softmute byte to "0". A stereo decoder mute command (bit 0, stereo decoder byte set to "1") will set the stereo decoder in any case independently to the high ohmic mute state. Figure 18. Block diagram of the stereo decoder 26/46 TDA7407 Multipath detector Figure 19. Signals during stereo decoder's softmute SOFTMUTE COMMAND t STD MUTE t VO t D97AU638 Figure 20. Internal Stereoblend characteristics 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 CS [dB] -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 0 1 2 3 4 5 LEVELINTERN [V] If any other source than the stereo decoder is selected the decoder remains muted and the MPX pin is connected to Vref to avoid any discharge of the coupling capacitor through leakage currents. 5.2.2 Ingain + Infilter The Ingain stage allows to adjust the MPX signal to a magnitude of about 1Vrms internally which is the recommended value. The 4th order input filter has a corner frequency of 80KHz and is used to attenuate spikes and nose and acts as an anti allasing filter for the following switch capacitor filters. 5.2.3 Demodulator In the demodulator block the left and the right channel are separated from the MPX signal. In this stage also the 19 kHz pilot tone is cancelled. For reaching a high channel separation the TDA7407 offers an I2C bus programmable roll-off adjustment which is able to compensate the lowpass behaviour of the tuner section. If the tuner attenuation at 38kHz is in a range from 4.2% to 31.0% the TDA7407 needs no external network in front of the MPX pin. Within this range an adjustment to obtain at least 40dB channel separation is possible. The bits for this adjustment are located together with the fieldstrength adjustment in one byte. This gives the possibility to perform an optimization step during the production of the car radio where the channel separation and the fieldstrength control are trimmed. 27/46 Multipath detector 5.2.4 TDA7407 De-emphasis and Highcut. The lowpass filter for the de-emphasis allows to choose between a time constant of 50μs and 75μs (bit D7, stereo decoder byte). The highcut control range will be in both cases τHC = 2 · τDeemp. Inside the highcut control range (between VHCH and VHCL) the LEVEL signal is converted into a 5 bit word which controls the lowpass time constant between τDeemp...3 · τDeemp. There by the resolution will remain always 5 bits independently of the absolute voltage range between the VHCH and VHCL values. The highcut function can be switched off by I2C bus (bit D7, fieldstrength byte set to "0"). 5.2.5 PLL and pilot tone detector The PLL has the task to lock on the 19kHz pilotone during a stereo transmission to allow a correct demodulation. The included detector enables the demodulation if the pilot tone reaches the selected pilot tone threshold VPTHST. Two different thresholds are available. The detector output (signal STEREO, see block diagram) can be checked by reading the status byte of the TDA7407 via I2C bus. 5.2.6 Field strength control The fieldstrength input is used to control the high cut and the stereoblend function. In addition the signal can be also used to control the noiseblanker thresholds and as input for the multipath detector. Figure 21. Relation between internal and external LEVEL voltage and setup of stereoblend INTERNAL VOLTAGES INTERNAL VOLTAGES SETUP OF VST SETUP OF VMO LEVEL INTERN REF 5V LEVEL INTERN REF 5V LEVEL VSBL VSBL VMO VST 58% 50% 42% 33% t FIELDSTRENGHT VOLTAGE D97AU639 VMO VST Figure 22. High cut characteristics LOWPASS TIME CONSTANT 3•τDeemp τDeemp VHCL VHCH D97AU640 28/46 FIELDSTRENGHT t FIELDSTRENGHT VOLTAGE TDA7407 5.2.7 Multipath detector LEVEL Input and Gain To suppress undesired high frequency modulation on the highcut and stereoblend function the LEVEL signal is lowpass filtered firstly. The filter is a combination of a 1st order RC lowpass at 53kHz (working as anti-aliasing filter) and a 1st-order switched capacitor lowpass at 2.2kHz. The second stage is a programmable gain stage to adapt the LEVEL signal internally to different IF device (see Testmode section 5 LEVELINTERN). The gain is widely programmable in 16 steps from 0dB to 10dB (step = 0.67dB). These 4 bits are located together with the roll off bits in the "Stereo decoder adjustment" byte to simplify a possible adaptation during the production of the car radio. 5.2.8 Stereoblend control The stereoblend control block converts the internal LEVEL voltage (LEVEL INTERN) into an demodulator compatible analog signal which is used to control the channel separation between 0dB and the maximum separation. Internally this control range has a fixed upper limit which is the internal reference voltage REF5V. The lower limit can be programmed between 29.2% and 58%, of REF5V in 4.167% steps (see Figure 21). To adjust the external LEVEL voltage to the internal range two values must be defined: the LEVEL gain LG and VSBL (see Figure 21). To adjust the voltage where the full channel separation is reached (VST) the LEVEL gain LG has to be defined. The following equation can be used to estimate the gain: REF5V L G = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Field strenght voltage [STEREO] The gain can be programmed through 4 bits in the "Stereo Decoder Adjustment" byte. The MONO voltage VMO (0dB channel separation) can be choosen selecting VSBLAll necessary internal reference voltages like REF5V are derived from a bandgap circuit. Therefore they have a temperature coefficient near zero. This is useful if the fieldstrength signal is also temperature compensated. But most IF devices apply a LEVEL voltage with a TC of 3300ppm. The TDA7407 offers this TC for the reference voltages, too. The TC is selectable with bit D7 of the "stereo decoder adjustment" byte. 5.2.9 Highcut control The highcut control setup is similar to the stereoblend control setup: the starting point VHCH can be set with 2 bits to be 42, 50, 58 or 66% of REF5V whereas the range can be set to be 17, 22, 28 or 33% of VHCH (Figure 22). 5.2.10 Functional description of the noiseblanker In the automotive environment the MPX signal is disturbed by spikes produced by the ignition, for example; the wiper motor. The aim of the noiseblanker part is to cancel the audible influence of the spikes. Therefore the output of the stereo decoder is held at the actual voltage for a time between 22 and 38μs (programmable). 29/46 Multipath detector TDA7407 The block diagram of the noiseblanker is given in Figure 23. In the first stage the spikes must be detected but to avoid wrong triggering on high frequency (white) noise, a complex trigger control is implemented. Behind the trigger stage a pulse former generates the "blanking" pulse. To avoid any crosstalk to the signal path the noiseblanker is supplied by his own biasing circuit. 5.2.11 Trigger path The incoming MPX signal is highpass filtered, amplified and rectified. This second order highpass filter has a corner frequency of 140kHz. The rectified signal, RECT, is lowpass filtered to generate a signal called PEAK. Also noise with a frequency 140kHz increases the PEAK voltage. The resulting voltage can be adjusted by use of the noise rectifier discharge current. The PEAK voltage is fed to a threshold generator, which adds to the PEAK voltage a DC dependent threshold VTH. Both signals, RECT and PEAK+VTH are fed to a comparator which triggers a re-triggerable monoflop. The monoflop's output activates the sample and hold circuits in the signal path for selected duration. Figure 23. Block Diagram of the Noiseblanker MPX RECTIFIER RECT + - + MPX CONTROL HOLDN VTH PEAK LOWPASS MONOFLOP THRESHOLD GENERATOR + ADDITIONAL THRESHOLD CONTROL D98AU856 5.2.12 Automatic noise controlled threshold adjustment (ATC) There are mainly two independent possibilities for programming the trigger threshold: a) the low threshold in 8 steps (bits D0 to D2 of the noiseblanker byte) b) the noise adjusted threshold in 4 steps (bits D3 and D4 of the noiseblanker byte, see Figure 23). The low threshold is active in combination with a good MPX signal without any noise; the PEAK voltage is less than 1V. The sensitivity in this operation is high. If the MPX signal is noisy the PEAK voltage increases due to the higher noise, which is also rectified. With increasing of the PEAK voltage the trigger threshold increases, too. This particular gain is programmable in 4 steps. 30/46 TDA7407 Multipath detector 5.3 Automatic threshold control mechanism 5.3.1 Automatic threshold control by the stereoblend voltage Besides the noise controlled threshold adjustment there is an additional possibility for influencing the trigger threshold. It is depending on the stereoblend control. The point where the MPX signal starts to become noisy is fixed by the RF part. Therefore also the starting point of the normal noise-controlled trigger adjustment is fixed. In some cases the behaviour of the noiseblanker can be improved by increasing the threshold even in a region of higher fieldstrength. Sometimes a wrong triggering occures for the MPX signal often shows distortion in this range which can be avoided even if using a low threshold. Because of the overlap of this range and the range of the stereo/mono transition it can be controlled by stereoblend. This threshold increase is programmable in 3 steps or switched off with bits D0 and D1 of the fieldstrength control byte. 5.3.2 Over deviation detector If the system is tuned to stations with a high deviation the noiseblanker can trigger on the higher frequencies of the modulation. To avoid this wrong behaviour, which causes noise in the output signal, the noiseblanker offers a deviation dependent threshold adjustment. By rectifying the MPX signal a further signal representing the actual deviation is obtained. It is used to increase the PEAK voltage. Offset and gain of this circuit are programmable in 3 steps with the bits D6 and D7 of the stereo decoder byte (the first step turns off the detector, see fig. 18). 5.4 Functional description of the multipath detector Using the internal multipath detector the audible effects of a multipath condition can be minimized. A multipath condition is detected by rectifying the 19kHz spectrum in the fieldstrength signal.An external capacitor is used to define the attack and decay times (see block diagram Figure 24). the MPOUT pin is used as detector output connected to a capacitor of about 47nF and additionally the MPIN pin is selected to be the fieldstrength input. Using the configuration, an external user requirement adaptation is given in Figure 24. To keep the old value of the Multipath Detector during an AF-jump, the external capacitor can be disconnected by the MP Hold switch. This switch can be controlled directly by the AFS Pin. Selecting the "internal influence" in the configuration byte, the channel separation is automatically reduced during a multipath condition according to the voltage appearing at the MP_OUT pin. A possible application is shown in Figure 24. 31/46 Multipath detector TDA7407 Figure 24. Block diagram of the multipath detector 5.4.1 Programming To obtain a good multipath performance an adaptation is necessary. Therefore the gain of the 19kHz bandpass is programmable in four steps as well as the rectifier gain. The attack and decay times can be set by the external capacitor value. 5.4.2 Quality detector The TDA7407 offers a quality detector output which gives a voltage representing the FM reception conditions. To calculate this voltage the MPX noise and the multipath detector output are summed according to the following formula: Quality = 1.6 (Vnoise -0.8V)+ a (REF5V - VMPOUT) The noise signal is the PEAK signal without additional influences. The factor "a" can be programmed from 0.7 to 1.15. the output is a low impedance output able to drive external circuitry as well as simply fed to an A/D converter for RDS applications. 5.4.3 AF Search Control The TDA7407 is supplied with several functionality to support AF checks using the stereo decoder. As mentioned already before the high ohmic mute feature avoids any clicks during the jump condition. It is possible at the same time, to evaluate the noise and multipath content of the alternate frequency, by using the quality detector output. Therefore the multipath detector is switched automatically to a small time constant. No additional pin (AFS) is implemented in order to separate the audioprocessor mute and stereo decoder AF functions. In Figure 25 the block diagram and control functions of the complete AFS functionality is shown (please note that the pins AFS and SM are active low as well as all control bits indicated by an overbar). 5.5 Test mode During the test mode, which can be activated by setting bit D0 of the testing byte and bit D5 of the subaddress byte to "1", several internal signals are available at the CASSR pin. During this mode the input resistor of 100kOhm is disconnected from the pin. The internal signals available are shown in the software specification. 32/46 TDA7407 Multipath detector Figure 25. Mute control logic 33/46 I2C Bus interface description TDA7407 6 I2C Bus interface description 6.1 Interface protocol The interface protocol comprises: Table 10. – a start condition (S) – a chip address byte (the LSB bit determines read / write transmission) – a subaddress byte – a sequence of data (N-bytes + acknowledge) – a stop condition (P Addresses Chip address MSB S 1 Subaddress LSB 0 0 0 1 1 0 R/W ACK MSB X Data 1 to data n LSB AZ T MSB LSB I A3 A2 A1 A0 ACK DATA ACK P D97AU627 S = Start ACK = Acknowledge AZ = AutoZero Remain T = Testing I = Auto increment P = Stop Max clock speed 500kbits/s The transmitted data is automatically updated after each ACK. Transmission can be repeated without new chip address. 6.2 Auto increment If bit I in the subaddress byte is set to "1", the autoincrement of the subaddress is enabled. Table 11. Transmitted data (send mode) MSB X LSB X SM = Soft mute activated ST = Stereo X = Not Used 34/46 X X ST SM X X TDA7407 I2C Bus interface description Table 12. Subaddress (receive mode) MSB I3 LSB I2 I1 I0 A3 A2 A1 A0 AutoZero Remain off on 0 1 Testmode off on 0 1 Auto Increment Mode off on 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Function 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Input Multiplexer Volume Treble Bass Speaker attenuator LF Speaker attenuator RF Speaker attenuator LR Speaker attenuator RR Soft Mute / Bass Prog. Stereo Decoder Noiseblanker High Cut Control Fieldstrength & Quality Configuration EEPROM Testing New Quality/Control Middle Filter 35/46 Data byte specification 7 TDA7407 Data byte specification After power on reset all register are set to 11111110 Table 13. Input selector (subaddress 0H) MSB D7 LSB D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 : 1 1 0 0 : 1 1 0 0 : 1 1 D1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 D0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Source selector CD Cassette Phone AM Stereo Decoder AC Inputs Front Mute AC inputs Rear In-Gain 15dB 14dB : 1 dB 0 dB 0 1 : 0 1 Coupl. front speaker external internal 0 1 Table 14. Volume and speaker attenuation (subaddress 1H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 7H) MSB 36/46 Function LSB Function D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 : 1 1 0 : 0 0 0 : 0 0 1 : 1 1 1 : 0 0 1 : 0 0 1 : 0 0 1 : 1 0 not used configurations 1 : 1 0 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 : 1 1 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 1 : 0 0 1 : 0 0 0 0 : 1 0 : 1 1 1 : 0 0 0 0 : 1 0 : 1 1 1 : 0 0 0 0 : 1 0 : 1 1 1 : 1 0 0 1 : 1 0 : 0 1 +15dB : +1dB 0dB 0dB -1dB : -15dB -16dB : -78dB -79dB X 1 1 X X X X X Mute TDA7407 Data byte specification Table 15. Treble filter (subaddress 2H) MSB D7 LSB D6 0 0 1 1 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 : 0 0 1 1 : 1 1 0 0 : 1 1 1 1 : 0 0 0 0 : 1 1 1 1 : 0 0 0 0 : 1 1 1 1 : 0 0 0 1 : 0 1 1 0 : 1 0 Coupl. rear speaker external (AC) internal Table 16. Bass filter (subaddress 3H) MSB LSB D6 0 0 1 1 0 1 Treble steps -15dB -14dB : -1dB 0dB 0dB +1dB : +14dB +15dB Treble center frequency 10.0KHz 12.5KHz 15.0KHz 17.5KHz 0 1 0 1 0 1 D7 Function D5 0 1 0 1 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 : 0 0 1 1 : 1 1 0 0 : 1 1 1 1 : 0 0 0 0 : 1 1 1 1 : 0 0 0 0 : 1 1 1 1 : 0 0 0 1 : 0 1 1 0 : 1 0 Function Bass Steps -15dB -14dB : -1dB 0dB 0dB +1dB : +14dB +15dB Bass Q factor 1.0 1.25 1.50 2.0 Bass DC mode off on 37/46 Data byte specification Table 17. TDA7407 Soft mute and bass programming (subaddress 8H) MSB D7 LSB D6 D5 D4 D3 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 D2 0 0 1 1 D1 Function D0 0 1 0 1 0 1 Mute Enable Soft Mute Disable Soft Mute Mutetime = 0.48ms Mutetime = 0.96ms Mutetime = 40.4ms Mutetime = 324ms Stereo decoder Soft Mute Influence = on Stereo decoder Soft Mute Influence = off Bass center frequency Center Frequency = 60 Hz Center Frequency = 70 Hz Center Frequency = 80 Hz Center Frequency = 100Hz Center Frequency = 150Hz 0 1 0 1 1 Noise blanker time 38ms 25.5ms 32ms 22ms 0 1 0 1 1 Only for Bass Q-Factor = 2.0 Table 18. Stereo decoder (subaddress 9H) MSB D7 LSB D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 38/46 0 1 0 1 Function STD Unmuted STD Muted In Gain 11dB In Gain 8.5dB In Gain 6dB In Gain 3.5dB Stereo decoder = on Stereo decoder = off Forced Mono Mono/Stereo switch automatically Noiseblanker PEAK charge current low Noiseblanker PEAK charge current high Pilot Threshold HIGH Pilot Threshold LOW De-emphasis 50μs De-emphasis 75μs TDA7407 Data byte specification Table 19. Noiseblanker (subaddress AH) MSB D7 LSB D6 D5 D4 0 0 1 1 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Noise blanker OFF Noise blanker ON 0 1 0 1 Table 20. Over deviation Adjust 2.8V Over deviation Adjust 2.0V Over deviation Adjust 1.2V Over deviation Detector OFF High Cut (subaddress BH) MSB D7 LSB D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Function D0 0 1 0 1 Low Threshold 65mV Low Threshold 60mV Low Threshold 55mV Low Threshold 50mV Low Threshold 45mV Low Threshold 40mV Low Threshold 35mV Low Threshold 30mV Noise Controlled Threshold 320mV Noise Controlled Threshold 260mV Noise Controlled Threshold 200mV Noise Controlled Threshold 140mV 0 1 0 0 1 1 Function High Cut OFF High Cut ON Max. High Cut 2dB Max. High Cut 5dB Max. High Cut 7dB Max. High Cut 10dB VHCH at 42% REF 5V VHCH at 50% REF 5V VHCH at 58% REF 5V VHCH at 66% REF 5V VHCL at 16.7% VHCH VHCL at 22.2% VHCH VHCL at 27.8% VHCH VHCL at 33.3% VHCH Strong Multipath influence on PEAK 18K OFF ON (18K Discharge if VMPOUT <2.5V) 39/46 Data byte specification Table 21. TDA7407 Field strength Control (subaddress CH) MSB D7 LSB D6 D5 D4 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Quality Detector Coefficient a = 0.7 Quality Detector Coefficient a = 0.85 Quality Detector Coefficient a = 1.0 Quality Detector Coefficient a = 1.15 Multipath off influence on PEAK discharge -1V/ms (at MPout = 2.5V Table 22. Configuration (subaddress DH) MSB LSB D6 D5 D4 D3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 40/46 VSBL at 29% REF 5V VSBL at 33% REF 5V VSBL at 38% REF 5V VSBL at 42% REF 5V VSBL at 46% REF 5V VSBL at 50% REF 5V VSBL at 54% REF 5V VSBL at 58% REF 5V Noiseblanker Field strength Adj 2.3V Noiseblanker Field strength Adj 1.8V Noiseblanker Field strength Adj 1.3V Noiseblanker Field strength Adj OFF 0 1 D7 Function 0 1 0 1 D2 0 0 1 1 D1 D0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 Function Noise Rectifier Discharge Resistor R = infinite R = 56kΩ R = 33kΩ R =18kΩ Multipath Detector Bandpass Gain 6dB 12dB 16dB 18dB Multipath Detector internal influence ON OFF Multipath Detector Charge Current 0.5μA Multipath Detector Charge Current 1μA Multipath Detector Reflection Gain Gain = 7.6dB Gain = 4.6dB Gain = 0dB disabled TDA7407 Data byte specification Table 23. Stereo decoder adjustment (subaddress EH) MSB D7 LSB D6 D5 D4 D3 0 0 0 : 0 : 0 1 1 1 : 1 : 1 0 0 0 : 1 Table 24. 0 0 0 : 1 0 0 1 : 1 D2 D1 D0 0 0 0 : 1 : 1 0 0 0 : 1 : 1 0 0 1 : 0 : 1 0 0 1 : 0 : 1 0 1 0 : 0 : 1 0 1 0 : 0 : 1 Roll Off Compensation not allowed 7.2% 9.4% : 13.7% : 20.2% not allowed 19.6% 21.5% : 25.3% : 31.0% Level Gain 0dB 0.66dB 1.33dB : 10dB 0 1 0 : 1 Testing (subaddress FH) MSB D7 Function LSB D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 1 0 1 Function Stereo decoder test signals OFF Test signals enabled if bit D5 of the subaddress (test mode bit) is set to "1", too External Clock Internal Clock 41/46 Data byte specification Table 24. TDA7407 Testing (subaddress FH) (continued) MSB LSB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Testsignals at CASS_R VHCCH Level intern Pilot magnitude VCOCON; VCO Control Voltage Pilot threshold HOLDN NB threshold F228 VHCCL VSBL not used not used PEAK not used REF5V not used 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 VCO OFF ON 0 1 Audioprocessor test mode enabled if bit D5 of the subaddress(test mode bit) is set to "1" OFF 0 1 Note: This byte is used for testing or evaluation purposes only and must not be set to other values than the default "11111110" in the application! Table 25. New quality / control (subaddress 10H) MSB D7 LSB D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Function D0 0 1 42/46 Function Reference generation Internal Reference-Divider External Reference Force Quality Noise Gain 15dB 12dB 9dB 6dB SC Clock Mode Fast Mode Normal Mode TDA7407 Data byte specification Table 25. New quality / control (subaddress 10H) (continued) MSB LSB Auto Zero Off On 0 1 Smoothing Filter On Off 0 1 Enable AF Pin Enable Pin Disable Pin 0 1 AF Pin ST Decoder Mute Influence On Off 0 1 Table 26. Mid filter (subaddress 11H) MSB D7 LSB D6 0 0 1 1 01 Function D5 0 1 0 1 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 : 0 0 1 1 : 1 1 0 0 : 1 1 1 1 : 0 0 0 1 : 1 1 1 1 : 0 0 0 1 : 1 1 1 1 : 0 0 0 1 : 0 1 1 0 : 1 0 Function Attenuation -15dB -14dB : -1dB 0dB 0dB +1dB : +14dB +15dB Middle Center frequency 500Hz 1.0kHz 1.5kHz 2.0kHz Mid Q Factor 1.02.0 43/46 Package information 8 TDA7407 Package information In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK® packages. These packages have a lead-free second level interconnect. The category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an ST trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com. mm inch DIM. MIN. TYP. A MAX. MIN. TYP. 1.60 MAX. 0.063 A1 0.05 0.15 0.002 A2 1.35 1.40 1.45 0.053 0.055 0.006 0.37 0.45 0.012 0.015 0.20 0.004 0.057 B 0.30 C 0.09 D 11.80 12.00 12.20 0.464 0.472 0.480 D1 9.80 10.00 10.20 0.386 0.394 0.401 D3 8.00 0.018 0.008 0.315 E 11.80 12.00 12.20 0.464 0.472 0.480 E1 9.80 10.00 10.20 0.386 0.394 0.401 E3 8.00 0.315 e 0.80 0.031 L L1 k ccc 0.45 0.60 OUTLINE AND MECHANICAL DATA 0.75 1.00 0.018 0.024 0.030 0.039 LQFP44 (10 x 10 x 1.4mm) 0˚(min.), 3.5˚(typ.), 7˚(max.) 0.10 0.0039 0076922 E 44/46 TDA7407 9 Revision history Revision history Table 27. Document revision history Date Revision Changes 04-Oct-2004 1 Initial release. 01-Apr-2005 2 Style sheet changed to comply with corporate guidelines. 22-Jan-06 3 Package change, layout changes, text modifications. 45/46 TDA7407 Please Read Carefully: Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. 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