a FEATURES On-Chip Reference and Track/Hold On-Chip Input Buffer 850 mW Typical Power Dissipation at 105 MSPS 500 MHz Analog Bandwidth SNR = 67 dB @ 49 MHz AIN at 105 MSPS SFDR = 80 dB @ 49 MHz AIN at 105 MSPS 2.0 V p-p Differential Analog Input Range Single 5.0 V Supply Operation 3.3 V CMOS/TTL Outputs Two’s Complement Output Format 12-Bit, 80 MSPS/105 MSPS A/D Converter AD9432 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM VCC AIN AIN ENCODE ENCODE T/H BUF TIMING PIPELINE ADC VDD 12 12 OUTPUT STAGING D11–D0 OR REF AD9432 GND VREFOUT VREFIN APPLICATIONS Communications Basestations and ‘Zero-IF’ Subsystems Wireless Local Loop (WLL) Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) HDTV Broadcast Cameras and Film Scanners GENERAL INTRODUCTION The AD9432 is a 12-bit monolithic sampling analog-to-digital converter with an on-chip track-and-hold circuit and is optimized for high-speed conversion and ease of use. The product operates at a 105 MSPS conversion rate with outstanding dynamic performance over its full operating range. The ADC requires only a single 5.0 V power supply and a 105 MHz encode clock for full-performance operation. No external reference or driver components are required for many applications. The digital outputs are TTL/CMOS compatible and a separate output power supply pin supports interfacing with 3.3 V logic. The encode input supports either differential or single-ended and is TTL/CMOS-compatible. Fabricated on an advanced BiCMOS process, the AD9432 is available in a 52-lead plastic quad flatpack package (LQFP) specified over the industrial temperature range (–40°C to +85°C). REV. E Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 © Analog Devices, Inc., 2002 AD9432–SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Temp (VDD = 3.3 V, VCC = 5.0 V; external reference; differential encode input, unless otherwise noted.) Test Level AD9432BST/BSQ-80 Min Typ Max RESOLUTION DC ACCURACY Differential Nonlinearity 12 –0.75 ± 0.25 –1.0 ± 0.5 –1.0 ± 0.5 –1.5 ± 1.0 Guaranteed –5 +2 150 25°C Full 25°C Full Full 25°C Full I VI I VI VI I V ANALOG INPUT Input Voltage Range (AIN–AIN) Common-Mode Voltage Input Offset Voltage Input Resistance Input Capacitance Analog Bandwidth, Full Power Full Full Full Full 25°C 25°C V V VI VI V V ANALOG REFERENCE Output Voltage Tempco Input Bias Current Full Full Full VI V VI 2.4 SWITCHING PERFORMANCE Maximum Conversion Rate Minimum Conversion Rate Encode Pulsewidth High (tEH) Encode Pulsewidth Low (tEL) Aperture Delay (tA) Aperture Uncertainty (Jitter) Output Valid Time (tV)2 Output Propagation Delay (tPD)2 Output Rise Time (tR)2 Output Fall Time (tF) Out-of-Range Recovery Time Transient Response Time Latency Full Full 25°C 25°C 25°C 25°C Full Full Full Full 25°C 25°C Full VI IV IV IV V V VI VI V V V V IV 80 Full Full V V Full Full Full 25°C IV IV VI V 2.0 Full Full VI VI VDD – 0.05 Full 25°C Full Full VI I VI VI Integral Nonlinearity No Missing Codes Gain Error1 Gain Tempco1 DIGITAL INPUTS Encode Input Common Mode Differential Input (ENC–ENC) Single-Ended Logic “1” Voltage Logic “0” Voltage Input Resistance Input Capacitance DIGITAL OUTPUTS Logic “1” Voltage (VDD = 3.3 V) Logic “0” Voltage (VDD = 3.3 V) Output Coding POWER SUPPLY Power Dissipation3 Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) IVCC IVDD AD9432BST/BSQ-105 Min Typ Max –5 2 ± 1.0 3.0 ±0 3 4 500 2.5 50 15 12 +0.75 +1.0 +1.0 +1.5 –0.75 –1.0 –1.0 –1.5 +7 –5 +5 4 –5 2 2.6 2.4 50 ± 0.25 ± 0.5 ± 0.5 ± 1.0 Guaranteed +2 150 ± 1.0 3.0 ±0 3 4 500 2.5 50 15 4.0 4.0 3.0 6.2 6.2 2.0 0.25 5.3 5.5 2.1 1.9 2 2 10 4.0 4.0 3.0 8.0 +7 % FS ppm/°C +5 4 2.6 50 4.8 4.8 2.0 0.25 5.3 5.5 2.1 1.9 2 2 10 8.0 1.6 750 0.8 8 790 +0.5 158 9.5 3 5 4.5 1000 +5 200 12.2 0.8 8 0.05 Two’s Complement –5 850 +0.5 170 12.5 V V mV kΩ pF MHz V ppm/°C µΑ MSPS MSPS ns ns ns ps rms ns ns ns ns ns ns Cycles V mV VDD – 0.05 0.05 Two’s Complement –2– LSB LSB LSB LSB 2.0 5 4.5 –5 +0.75 +1.0 +1.0 +1.5 1 1.6 750 3 Bits 105 1 Unit 1100 +5 220 16 V V kΩ pF V V mW mV/V mA mA REV. E AD9432 Parameter Temp Test Level AD9432BST/BSQ-80 Min Typ Max AD9432BST/BSQ-105 Min Typ Max 25°C 25°C 25°C 25°C I I I V 65.5 65 65.5 25°C 25°C 25°C 25°C I I I V 65 64.5 25°C 25°C 25°C 25°C V V V V 25°C 25°C 25°C 25°C I I I V –75 –73 25°C 25°C 25°C 25°C I I I V –80 –80 25°C 25°C V V Unit 4 DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) (Without Harmonics) fIN = 10.3 MHz fIN = 40 MHz fIN = 49 MHz fIN = 70 MHz Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SINAD) (With Harmonics) fIN = 10.3 MHz fIN = 40 MHz fIN = 49 MHz fIN = 70 MHz Effective Number of Bits fIN = 10 MHz fIN = 40 MHz fIN = 49 MHz fIN = 70 MHz Second and Third Harmonic Distortion fIN = 10 MHz fIN = 40 MHz fIN = 49 MHz fIN = 70 MHz Worst Harmonic or Spur (Excluding Second and Third) fIN = 10 MHz fIN = 40 MHz fIN = 49 MHz fIN = 70 MHz Two-Tone Intermod Distortion (IMD) fIN1 = 29.3 MHz; fIN2 = 30.3 MHz fIN1 = 70.3 MHz; fIN2 = 71.3 MHz 67.5 67.2 67.0 66.1 67.2 66.9 66.7 65.8 64 65 63 11.0 10.9 10.9 10.7 –85 –85 –83 –80 –90 –90 –90 –90 –75 –66 –75 –72 –80 –80 67.5 67.2 67.0 66.1 dB dB dB dB 67.2 66.9 66.7 65.8 dB dB dB dB 11.0 10.9 10.9 10.7 Bits Bits Bits Bits –85 –83 –80 –78 dBc dBc dBc dBc –90 –90 –90 –90 dBc dBc dBc dBc –75 –66 dBc dBc NOTES 1 Gain error and gain temperature coefficients are based on the ADC only (with a fixed 2.5 V external reference and a 2 V p-p differential analog input). 2 tV and tPD are measured from the transition points of the ENCODE input to the 50%/50% levels of the digital outputs swing. The digital output load during test is not to exceed an ac load of 10 pF or a dc current of ± 40 µA. Rise and fall times measured from 10% to 90%. 3 Power dissipation measured with encode at rated speed and a dc analog input. (Outputs Static, I VDD = 0.) 4 SNR/harmonics based on an analog input voltage of –0.5 dBFS referenced to a 2 V full-scale input range. Specifications subject to change without notice. REV. E –3– AD9432 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS VDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V Analog Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 V to VCC + 0.5 V Digital Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 V to VDD + 0.5 V VREFIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 V to VCC + 0.5 V Digital Output Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 mA Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to +125°C Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C Maximum Case Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C 52-Lead Plastic LQFP (ST-52) JA = 50°C/W, No Airflow 52-lead PowerQuad® 4 LQFP (SQ-52) JA = 25°C/W, Soldered Exposed Heat Sink, No Airflow JA = 33°C/W, Unsoldered Exposed Heat Sink, No Airflow JC = 2°C/W, Bottom of package (Exposed Heat Sink) Simulated Typical performance for 4-layer JEDEC board, horizontal orientation. *Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions outside of those indicated in the operation sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability. ORDERING GUIDE Model AD9432BSQ -80, -105 EXPLANATION OF TEST LEVELS Test Level I 100% production tested. II 100% production tested at 25°C and sample tested at specified temperatures. Temperature Ranges Package Descriptions –40°C to +85°C 52-Lead Thermally SQ-52 Enhanced Plastic Quad Flatpack 52-Lead Plastic Quad ST-52 Flatpack (LQFP) Evaluation Board AD9432BST –40°C to +85°C -80, -105 AD9432/PCB 25°C Package Option III Sample tested only. IV Parameter is guaranteed by design and characterization testing. V Parameter is a typical value only. VI 100% production tested at 25°C; guaranteed by design and characterization testing for industrial temperature range. CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the AD9432 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. WARNING! ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE PowerQuad is a registered trademark of AMkor Technology, Inc. –4– REV. E AD9432 GND GND VCC DNC VREFOUT VREFIN VCC GND VCC AIN AIN GND VCC PIN CONFIGURATION 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 GND 1 39 GND PIN 1 IDENTIFIER VCC 2 GND 3 38 GND 37 VCC 36 VCC GND 4 35 GND VCC 5 VCC 6 34 GND AD9432 ENCODE 7 ENCODE 8 GND 9 33 GND TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 32 VDD 31 DGND 30 D0 (LSB) VCC 10 GND 11 29 D1 28 D2 DGND 12 VDD 13 27 D3 D4 DGND D5 VDD VDD D6 DGND D8 D7 OR (MSB) D11 D10 D9 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Pin Number (AD9432BST) Mnemonic Function 1, 3, 4, 9, 11, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 40, 43, 48, 51 2, 5, 6, 10, 36, 37, 42, 44, 47, 52 7 8 14 15–20, 25–30 12, 21, 24, 31 13, 22, 23, 32 41 45 46 49 50 GND VCC ENCODE ENCODE OR D11–D6, D5–D0 DGND VDD DNC VREFIN VREFOUT AIN AIN Analog Ground Analog Supply (5 V) Encode Clock for ADC–Complementary Encode Clock for ADC–True (ADC samples on rising edge of ENCODE) Out of Range Output Digital Output Digital Output Ground Digital Output Power Supply (2.7 V to 3.6 V) Do Not Connect Reference Input for ADC (2.5 V Typical); Bypass with 0.1 µF to Ground. Internal Reference Output (2.5 V Typical) Analog Input–True Analog Input–Complementary DEFINITION OF SPECIFICATIONS Minimum Conversion Rate Analog Bandwidth (Small Signal) The analog input frequency at which the spectral power of the fundamental frequency (as determined by the FFT analysis) is reduced by 3 dB. The encode rate at which the SNR of the lowest analog signal frequency drops by no more than 3 dB below the guaranteed limit. Aperture Delay The delay between a differential crossing of ENCODE and ENCODE and the instant at which the analog input is sampled. Output Propagation Delay Maximum Conversion Rate The encode rate at which parametric testing is performed. Aperture Uncertainty (Jitter) The delay between a differential crossing of ENCODE and ENCODE and the time when all output data bits are within valid logic levels. The sample-to-sample variation in aperture delay. Power Supply Rejection Ratio Differential Nonlinearity The deviation of any code from an ideal 1 LSB step. The ratio of a change in input offset voltage to a change in power supply voltage. Encode Pulsewidth/Duty Cycle Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion (SINAD) Pulsewidth high is the minimum amount of time that the ENCODE pulse should be left in Logic “1” state to achieve rated performance; pulsewidth low is the minimum time ENCODE pulse should be left in low state. At a given clock rate, these specs define an acceptable Encode duty cycle. The ratio of the rms signal amplitude (set at 1 dB below full scale) to the rms value of the sum of all other spectral components, including harmonics but excluding dc. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) The ratio of the rms signal amplitude (set at 1 dB below full scale) to the rms value of the sum of all other spectral components, excluding the first five harmonics and dc. Integral Nonlinearity The deviation of the transfer function from a reference line measured in fractions of 1 LSB using a “best straight line” determined by a least square curve fit. REV. E –5– AD9432 Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) Two-Tone SFDR The ratio of the rms signal amplitude to the rms value of the peak spurious spectral component. The peak spurious component may or may not be a harmonic. May be reported in dBc (i.e., degrades as signal level is lowered), or in dBFS (always related back to converter full scale). The ratio of the rms value of either input tone to the rms value of the peak spurious component. The peak spurious component may or may not be an IMD product. May be reported in dBc (i.e., degrades as signal level is lowered), or in dBFS (always related back to converter full scale). Two-Tone Intermodulation Distortion Rejection Worst Harmonic The ratio of the rms value of either input tone to the rms value of the worst third order intermodulation product; reported in dBc. The ratio of the rms signal amplitude to the rms value of the worst harmonic component, reported in dBc. SAMPLE N SAMPLE N–1 SAMPLE N+10 SAMPLE N+11 AIN SAMPLE N+1 tA t EH SAMPLE N+9 t EL 1/f S ENCODE ENCODE t PD DATA N–11 D11–D0 DATA N–10 N–9 N–2 tV DATA N–1 DATA N DATA N + 1 Figure 1. Timing Diagram VCC VCC 17k⍀ 17k⍀ ENCODE ENCODE VREFIN 100⍀ 100⍀ 8k⍀ 8k⍀ Figure 2. Equivalent Voltage Reference Input Circuit Figure 4. Equivalent Encode Input Circuit VCC VDD Q1 NPN DIGITAL OUTPUT VREFOUT VREF OUTPUT DIGITAL OUTPUT Figure 3. Equivalent Voltage Reference Output Circuit Figure 5. Equivalent Digital Output Circuit VCC 5k⍀ 5k⍀ 7k⍀ 7k⍀ AIN AIN ANALOG INPUT Figure 6. Equivalent Analog Input Circuit –6– REV. E Typical Performance Characteristics–AD9432 70 90 AIN = 10.3MHz 85 SFDR 65 SNR – dB dB 80 75 70 60 SNR 55 65 SINAD 60 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 ENCODE – MSPS 120 140 160 TPC 1. SNR/SINAD/SFDR vs. fS: fIN = 10.3 MHz 250 50 100 150 200 AIN INPUT FREQUENCY – MHz (–0.5dBFS) 0 TPC 4. SNR vs. AIN Input Frequency, Encode = 105 MSPS 100 –50 AIN = 10.3MHz ENCODE = 105MSPS –55 90 –60 –65 80 2nd or 3rd (–6.0dBFS) dBc dBc –70 –75 70 –80 60 –85 3rd –90 50 2nd or 3rd (–0.5dBFS) 2nd –95 2nd or 3rd (–3.0dBFS) 40 –100 0 20 40 60 80 100 ENCODE – MSPS 120 140 0 160 TPC 2. Harmonics vs. fS: fIN = 10.3 MHz 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 ANALOG INPUT FREQUENCY – MHz 180 200 TPC 5. Harmonics vs. fIN: fS = 105 MSPS 100 70 ENCODE = 105MSPS ENCODE = 105MSPS WORST OTHER (–0.5dBFS) 90 65 80 60 WORST OTHER (–6.0dBFS) 55 dBc dB SINAD (–3.0dBFS) SINAD (–6.0dBFS) SINAD (–0.5dBFS) 50 60 50 45 40 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 ANALOG INPUT FREQUENCY – MHz 40 180 200 0 TPC 3. SINAD vs. fIN: fS = 105 MSPS REV. E WORST OTHER (–3.0dBFS) 70 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 ANALOG INPUT FREQUENCY – MHz 180 200 TPC 6. Worst-Case Spur (Other than Second and Third) vs. fIN: fS = 105 MSPS –7– AD9432 0 0 ENCODE = 105MSPS AIN = 10.3MHz (–0.53dBFS) SNR = 67.32dB SINAD = 67.07dB SFDR = –85dBc –10 –20 –20 –30 –40 –40 –50 –50 dB dB –30 –10 –60 –60 –70 –70 –80 –80 –90 –90 –100 –100 –110 –110 –120 –120 SAMPLES SAMPLES TPC 10. Spectrum: fS = 105 MSPS, fIN = 50.3 MHz TPC 7. Spectrum: fS = 105 MSPS, fIN = 10.3 MHz 0 0 –10 –20 ENCODE = 105MSPS AIN = 27.0MHz (–0.52dBFS) SNR = 67.3dB SINAD = 67.0dB SFDR = –83.1dBc –10 –20 –40 –50 –50 –60 –60 –70 –70 –80 –80 –90 –90 –100 –100 –110 –110 –120 –120 SAMPLES SAMPLES TPC 11. Two-Tone Spectrum, Wideband: fS = 105 MSPS, AIN1 = 29.3 MHz, AIN2 = 30.3 MHz TPC 8. Spectrum: fS = 105 MSPS, fIN = 27 MHz 0 0 –10 –20 ENCODE = 105MSPS AIN = 40.9MHz (–0.56dBFS) SNR = 67.2dB SINAD = 66.9dB SFDR = –80dBc –10 –20 AIN1 = 70.3MHz (–7dBFS) AIN2 = 71.3MHz (–7dBFS) ENCODE = 105MSPS –30 –40 –40 –50 –50 dBc dB –30 AIN1 = 29.3MHz (–7dBFS) AIN2 = 30.3MHz (–7dBFS) ENCODE = 105MSPS –30 –40 dBc dB –30 ENCODE = 105MSPS AIN = 50.3MHz (–0.46dBFS) SNR = 67.0dB SINAD = 66.7dB SFDR = –80dBc –60 –60 –70 –70 –80 –80 –90 –90 –100 –100 –110 –110 –120 –120 SAMPLES SAMPLES TPC 12. Two-Tone Spectrum, Wideband: fS = 105 MSPS, AIN1 = 70.3 MHz, AIN2 = 71.3 MHz TPC 9. Spectrum: fS = 105 MSPS, fIN = 40.9 MHz –8– REV. E AD9432 1.00 100 0.75 dBFS 90 0.50 80 70 ENCODE = 105MSPS AIN = 50.3MHz 0.25 60 LSB WORST-CASE SPURIOUS – dBc AND dBFS 110 50 dBc 40 0.00 –0.25 30 –0.50 20 –0.75 10 0 –80 –70 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 ANALOG INPUT POWER LEVEL – dBFS –1.00 0 INL TPC 13. Single Tone SFDR TPC 15. Integral Nonlinearity: fS = 105 MSPS 3.0 1.00 0.75 0.50 2.5 VOLTAGE – V LSB 0.25 0.00 –0.25 2.0 –0.50 –0.75 1.5 –1.00 0 DNL TPC 14. Differential Nonlinearity: fS = 105 MSPS REV. E 2 4 6 CURRENT – mA 8 10 TPC 16. Voltage Reference Output vs. Current Load –9– AD9432 APPLICATION NOTES Theory of Operation 0.1F PECL GATE The AD9432 is a multibit pipeline converter that uses a switched capacitor architecture. Optimized for high speed, this converter provides flat dynamic performance up to frequencies near Nyquist. DNL transitional errors are calibrated at final test to a typical accuracy of 0.25 LSB or less. AD9432 ENCODE ENCODE 510⍀ 510⍀ 0.1F GND Figure 8. AC Coupling to ENCODE Inputs USING THE AD9432 ENCODE Voltage Level Definition Analog Input The analog input to the AD9432 is a differential buffer. The input buffer is self-biased by an on-chip resistor divider that sets the dc common-mode voltage to a nominal 3 V (see Equivalent Circuits section). Rated performance is achieved by driving the input differentially. Minimum input offset voltage is obtained when driving from a source with a low differential source impedance such as a transformer in ac applications. Capacitive coupling at the inputs will increase the input offset voltage by as much as ± 25 mV. Driving the ADC single-endedly will degrade performance. For best dynamic performance, impedances at AIN and AIN should match. The voltage level definitions for driving ENCODE and ENCODE in single-ended and differential mode are shown in Figure 9. ENCODE Inputs Differential Signal Amplitude (VID) . . . . . . . . . . . 500 mV min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 mV nom High Differential Input Voltage (VIHD) . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 V max Low Differential Input Voltage (VILD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 V min Common-Mode Input (VICM) . . . . . . . 1.25 V min, 1.6 V nom High Single-Ended Voltage (VIHS) . . . . . 2 V min to 3.5 V max Low Single-Ended Voltage (VILS) . . . . . 0 V min to 0.8 V max Special care was taken in the design of the analog input section of the AD9432 to prevent damage and corruption of data when the input is overdriven. The nominal input range is 2 V p-p. Each analog input will be 1 V p-p when driven differentially. ENCODE ENCODE VIHD VICM VID VILD 4.0 VIHS ENCODE AIN 3.5 0.1F VILS Figure 9. Differential and Single-Ended Input Levels 3.0 2.5 Often, the cleanest clock source is a crystal oscillator producing a pure sine wave. In this configuration, or with any roughly symmetrical clock input, the input can be ac-coupled and biased to a reference voltage that also provides the ENCODE. This ensures that the reference voltage is centered on the encode signal. 2.0 Digital Outputs AIN Figure 7. Full-Scale Analog Input Range ENCODE Input Any high speed A/D converter is extremely sensitive to the quality of the sampling clock provided by the user. A track/hold circuit is essentially a mixer, and any noise, distortion, or timing jitter on the clock will be combined with the desired signal at the A/D output. For that reason, considerable care has been taken in the design of the ENCODE input of the AD9432, and the user is advised to give commensurate thought to the clock source. The ENCODE input supports either differential or single-ended and is fully TTL/CMOS compatible. The digital outputs are 3.3 V (2.7 V to 3.6 V) TTL/CMOScompatible for lower power consumption. The output data format is Two’s Complement, illustrated in Table I. The out of range (OR) output (logic LOW for normal operation) will be HIGH during any clock cycle when the ADC output data (Dx) reach positive or negative full scale (–2048 or +2047). The OR is internally generated each clock cycle, has the same pipeline latency and propagation delay as the ADC output data, and will remain HIGH until the output data reflect an in-range condition. The ADC output bits (Dx) will not roll over, and will therefore remain at positive or negative full scale (+2048 or –2047) while the OR output is HIGH. Note that the ENCODE inputs cannot be driven directly from PECL level signals (VIHD is 3.5 V max). PECL level signals can easily be accommodated by ac coupling as shown in Figure 8. Good performance is obtained using an MC10EL16 in the circuit to drive the encode inputs. –10– REV. E AD9432 The dc common-mode voltage for the AD8138 outputs can be adjusted via input VOCM to provide the 3 V common-mode voltage the AD9432 inputs require. Table I. Output Coding (VREF = 2.5 V) (Two’s Complement) Code AIN–AIN (V) Digital Output +2047 1.000 0111 1111 1111 • • • • • • 0 0 0000 0000 0000 –1 –0.00049 1111 1111 1111 • • • • • • –2048 –1.000 1000 0000 0000 500⍀ AD9432 10pF 50⍀ VIN AIN 500⍀ 22pF AD8138 50⍀ 50⍀ AIN VOCM 5V Voltage Reference 500⍀ A stable and accurate 2.5 V voltage reference is built into the AD9432 (VREFOUT). In normal operation the internal reference is used by strapping Pin 45 to Pin 46 and placing a 0.1 µF decoupling capacitor at VREFIN. 25⍀ The input range can be adjusted by varying the reference voltage applied to the AD9432. No appreciable degradation in performance occurs when the reference is adjusted ±5%. The full-scale range of the ADC tracks reference voltage changes linearly. 2k⍀ 3k⍀ 10pF 500⍀ 0.1F Figure 10. AD8138/AD9432 Schematic 66 Timing The AD9432 provides latched data outputs, with 10 pipeline delays. Data outputs are included or available one propagation delay (t PD ) after the rising edge of the encode command (see Figure 1). The length of the output data lines and loads placed on them should be minimized to reduce transients within the AD9432; these transients can detract from the converter’s dynamic performance. 65 SNR dB 64 63 SINAD The minimum guaranteed conversion rate of the AD9432 is 1 MSPS. At internal clock rates below 1 MSPS, dynamic performance may degrade. Therefore, input clock rates below 1 MHz should be avoided. 62 During initial power-up, or whenever the clock to the AD9432 is interrupted, the output data will not be accurate data for 200 ns or 10 clock cycles, whichever is longer. 60 61 0 20 40 60 AIN – MHz Figure 11. Measured SNR and SINAD (Encode = 105 MSPS) Using the AD8138 to Drive the AD9432 The circuit in Figure 10 was breadboarded and the measured performance is shown in Figures 11 and 12. The figures shown are for ± 5 V supplies at the AD8138—performance dropped by about 1 dB–2 dB with a single 5 V supply at the AD8138. H2 –80 H3 –90 Figure 11 shows SNR and SINAD for a –1 dBFS analog input frequency varied from 2 MHz to 40 MHz with an encode rate of 105 MSPS. The measurements are for nominal conditions at room temperature. Figure 12 shows the second and third harmonic distortion performance under the same conditions. REV. E –70 dB A new differential output op amp from Analog Devices, Inc., the AD8138, can be used to drive the AD9432 in dc-coupled applications. The AD8138 was specifically designed for ADC driver applications. Superior SNR performance is maintained up to analog frequencies of 30 MHz. The AD8138 op amp provides single-ended-to-differential conversion, providing for a low-cost option to transformer coupling for ac applications as well. –11– –100 0 20 40 60 AIN – MHz Figure 12. Measured Second and Third Order Harmonic Distortion (Encode = 105 MSPS) AD9432 14 ACQS [T] TEK STOP: 5.00GS/s EVALUATION BOARD The AD9432 evaluation board offers an easy way to test the AD9432. It requires an analog signal, encode clock, and power supplies as inputs. The clock is buffered on the board to provide the clocks for an on-board DAC and latches. The digital outputs and output clock are available at a standard 37-pin connector P7. C1 MAX 3.4V T C1 MIN 2.5mV Power Connector Power is supplied to the board via two detachable 4-pin power strips P30, P40. C1 FREQ 49.995MHz LOW SIGNAL AMPLITUDE P40 P1 P2 P3 P4 VCC2 5 V/165 mA GND VCC 5 V/200 mA GND DAC Supply 2 ADC Analog Supply CH1 CH3 500mV 2.00V P30 P5 P6 P7 P8 CH2 500mV M 5.00ns CH1 3.00V Figure 14. Analog Input Levels VD GND No Connect No Connect 3.3 V /105 mA Latch, ADC Digital Output Supply Analog Inputs The evaluation board accepts a 2 V p-p analog input signal at SMB connector P2. This single-ended signal is ac-coupled by capacitor C11 and drives a wideband RF transformer T1 (MiniCircuits ADT1-1WT) that converts the single-ended signal to a differential signal. (The AD9432 should be driven differentially to provide optimum performance.) The evaluation board is shipped with termination resistors R4, R5, which provide the effective 50 Ω termination impedance; input termination resistor R10 is optional. Note: The second harmonic distortion that some RF transformers tend to introduce at high frequencies can be reduced by coupling two transformers in series as shown in Figure 13. (Improvements on the order of 3 dB–4 dB can be realized.) TO AIN+ C2 0.1F T1 T2 R1 25⍀ IN R2 25⍀ C1 0.1F The full-scale analog inputs to the ADC should be two 1 V p-p signals 180 degrees out of phase with each other, as shown in Figure 14. The analog inputs are dc biased by two on-chip resistor dividers that set the common-mode voltage to approximately 0.6 × VCC (0.6 × 5 = 3 V). AIN+ and AIN– each vary between 2.5 V and 3.5 V as shown in the two upper traces in Figure 14. The lower trace is the input at SMB P2 (on a 2 V/div scale). Encode The encode input to the board is at SMB connector P3. The (>1 V p-p) input is ac-coupled and drives two high-speed differential line receivers (MC10EL16). These receivers provide subnanosecond rise times at their outputs—a requirement for the ADC clock inputs for optimum performance. The EL16 outputs are PECL levels and must be ac-coupled to meet the common-mode dc levels required at the AD9432 encode inputs. A PECL/TTL translator (MC100ELT23), provides the clocks required at the output latches, DAC, and 37-pin connector. Note: Jitter performance on the clock source is critical at this performance level; a stable, crystal-controlled signal generator is used to generate all of the ADC performance plots. Figure 15 shows the Encode+ clock at the ADC. The 3 V latch clock generated on the card is also shown in the plot. 86 ACQS [T] TEK STOP: 5.00GS/s TO AIN– Figure 13. Improving Second Harmonic Distortion Performance C1 MAX 2.33V C1 MIN 810mV T C1 FREQ 106.3167MHz LOW SIGNAL AMPLITUDE 2 CH1 1.00V CH2 1.00V M 5.00ns CH1 1.20V Figure 15. Encode+ Clock and Latch Clock –12– REV. E AD9432 DATA OUTPUTS DAC The ADC digital outputs are latched on the board by two 574s; the latch outputs are available at the 37-pin connector at Pins 25–36. A latch output clock (data ready) is available at Pin 21, with the complement at Pin 2. There are series termination resistors on the data and clock outputs. These can be changed if required to accommodate different loading situations. Figure 16 shows a data bit switching and output clock (DR) at the connector. The evaluation board has an on-board reconstruction DAC (AD9752). This is placed only to facilitate testing and debug of the board. It should not be used to measure the performance of the ADC, as it will not accurately indicate the ADC performance. The DAC output is available at SMB P1. It will drive a 50 Ω load. Provision to power down the DAC is at Pin 15 at the DAC. 265 ACQS [T] TEK STOP: 5.00GS/s C1 MAX 3.06V C1 MIN –390mV T C1 FREQ 105.4562MHz 2 CH1 1.00V CH2 1.00V M 5.00ns CH1 1.20V Figure 16. Data Bit and Clock at 37-Pin Connector REFERENCE The AD9432 has an on-chip reference of 2.5 V available at VREFOUT (Pin 46). Most applications will simply tie this output to the VREFIN input (Pin 45). This is accomplished jumping E4 to E6 on the board. An external voltage reference can drive the VREFIN pin if desired by strapping E4 to E3 and placing an AD780 voltage reference on the board (not supplied). REV. E PCB LAYOUT The PCB is designed on a four-layer (1 oz. Cu) board. Components and routing are on the top layer with a ground flood for additional isolation. Test and ground points were judiciously placed to facilitate high-speed probing. A common ground plane exists on the second layer. The third layer has three split power planes, two for the ADC and one for support logic. The DAC, components, and routing are located on the bottom layer. TROUBLESHOOTING If the board does not seem to be working correctly, try the following: • Verify power at IC pins. • Check that all jumpers are in the correct position for the desired mode of operation. • Verify VREF is at 2.5 V. • Try running encode clock and analog inputs at low speeds (10 MSPS/1 MHz) and monitor 574 outputs, DAC output, and ADC outputs for toggling. The AD9432 Evaluation Board is provided as a design example for customers of Analog Devices, Inc. ADI makes no warranties, express, statutory, or implied, regarding merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. –13– AD9432 PCB Bill of Materials # Quantity REFDES Device Package Value 1 30 Capacitor 603 0.1 µF 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 4 1 18 3 1 2 6 Capacitor Capacitor Capacitor E-HOLE Connector 37-Pin Connector Power Connector Resistor 603 CAPTAJD CAPTAJD Test Point SMB Female 0.01 µF 10 µF 1 µF 1206 50 Ω 10 11 12 13 14 2 4 2 4 1 C1–C8, C10–C13, C17, C19–C22, C27–C29, C41, C42, C47, C48, C53, C56, C58, C60, C61, C70 C9 C14, C18, C31, C34 C15 E1–E13, E30, E32, E40, E42, E43 P1, P2, P3 P7 P30, P40 R1, R2, R7, R8, R10, R18 (R1, R2, R10 Optional) R3, R35 R25, R26, R31, R32 R6, R24 RP1–RP4 T1 Resistor Resistor Resistor RES PAK Transformer 1206 1206 1206 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 U1 U2 U3, U4 U9 U12–U13 Z1 Z2, Z3 R4, R5, R15 DAC Reference (Not Supplied) Inverter (U4 Not Supplied) ADC Latch PECL/TTL Translator Differential Receiver Resistor SOIC SOIC SC70 52QFP SOIC SOIC SOIC 1206 100 Ω 500 Ω 2 kΩ 100 Ω Mini-Circuits ADT1-1WT AD9752 AD780N NC7SZ04P5 AD9432 74AC574M MC100ELT23 MC10EL16 24.9 Ω –14– AMP 747462-2 REV. E –15– P3 SMBPN AGND C47 0.1F R10 50⍀ (OPTIONAL) C11 0.1F AGND ENCODE P2 SMBPN ANALOG VCC 3 PRI Figure 17a. PCB Schematic AGND C6 0.1F 5 6 7 8 AGND E4 E1 C2 E5 0.1F AGND R26 500⍀ R25 500⍀ AGND R32 500⍀ R31 500⍀ AGND VCC2 C60 0.1F AGND AGND VCC C61 0.1F AGND AGND EXTREF EXTREF C14 10F AGND 8 VCC 7 Q 6 QB 5 VEE MC10EL16 Z3 MC10EL16 VEE QB VBB DB VCC AGND Q Z2 + C9 0.01F D NC 1 NC 2 D 3 DB 4 VBB C58 0.1F 4 3 2 1 AGND C70 0.1F R5 24.9⍀ AGND 8 2.5/3V 7 NC 6 VOUT 5 TRIM AD780N R4 24.9⍀ AGND R3 100⍀ R35 100⍀ 4 SEC 2 T1 ADT1-1WT 1 6 C15 1F AGND 1 NC 2 +VIN 3 TEMP 4 GND E2 C8 0.1F C7 0.1F AIN AIN E3 AGND AGND FLOAT AGND VCC VREFOUT VREFIN ENC ENC Z1 9 10 33 13 AD9432 AGND VCC2 C1 0.1F AGND AGND 23 NC = NO CONNECT 8 VCC 7 Q0 6 Q1 5 GND 21 MC100ELT23 1 D0 2 D08 3 D18 4 D1 7 8 49 AIN 50 AIN 46 45 39 40 41 42 U9 47 NC A 3 GND 2 1 5 26 25 20 19 18 16 17 15 14 VCC Y VCC 4 5 VD AGND C5 0.1F 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 3 4 5 6 8 7 R8 50⍀ R7 50⍀ AGND R1 100⍀ 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 DR DR CLOCK RP1 100⍀ RP2 RPAK_ 742 100⍀ RPAK_ 742 R2 100⍀ VD 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (R1, R2, OPTIONAL) AGND AGND 27 D3 28 D2 29 D1 30 D0 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 (MSB) D11 OR 2 NC7SZ04P5 U4 (NOT SUPPLIED) AGND 43 AGND 32 11 VD 44 38 VCC 37 4 C4 0.1F 31 22 35 34 24 36 12 VCC 52 51 48 6 3 REV. E 1 U2 (NOT SUPPLIED) D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 OR AD9432 VCC (+5V) AGND VCC2 (+5V) 2 1 –16– INV AGND E7 DR E40 DR E6 E43 D11 CLOCK E42 SCOPE TEST POINTS AGND 3 NC 4 NC 5 VD (+3V) 7 6 AGND 8 D0 P40 P30 3 2 1 Y VCC C31 10F C34 10F C28 0.1F OUT BYPASS C48 0.1F C27 0.1F C19 0.1F C29 0.1F C20 0.1F OUT BYPASS 4 5 VCC2 C3 0.1F AGND AGND B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 U1 VD DVDD SLEEP REFLO REFIO FSADJ NC3 ACON IOUTB IOUTA ICOMP AVDD NC2 DCON E1 E8 0.1F GND U12 74AC574M C13 0.1F VCC2 13 12 11 17 16 15 14 18 20 19 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 18 20 19 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 9 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 P1 SMBPN AGND C12 0.1F 16 16 B5 B6 15 15 B7 14 14 B8 13 13 B9 12 12 11 11 B10 10 10 B11 9 9 RPAK_742 100⍀ RP4 RPAK_742 100⍀ RP3 DACOUT 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 R18 50⍀ AGND R15 24.9⍀ INV MSB BOR CLOCK VD CLOCK VD C18 10F AGND R24 2k⍀ AGND AGND AGND AGND C17 0.1F AGND 74AC574M 1 OUT_EN VCC 2 D0 Q0 3 D1 Q1 4 D2 Q2 5 D3 Q3 6 D4 Q4 7 D5 Q5 8 D6 Q6 9 D7 Q7 10 GND CLOCK VCC2 D11 OR GND D8 D9 D10 D7 GND D5 D6 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 GND U13 AGND VCC2 1 OUT_EN VCC 2 D0 Q0 3 D1 Q1 4 D2 Q2 5 D3 Q3 6 D4 Q4 7 D5 Q5 8 D6 Q6 9 D7 Q7 10 GND CLOCK C42 0.1F C53 0.1F AGND C41 0.1F CLOCK R6 2k⍀ AGND 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 C56 0.1F LATCHES C10 C22 0.1F AGND CLK C21 0.1F AD9752 D6 7 D5 8 D4 9 D3 10 D2 11 D1 12 D0 13 NC 14 NC1 6 B6 B5 5 B7 3 B9 4 2 B10 B8 1 MSB E12 E11 E10 E9 E32 E30 GROUND PLANE CONNECTING E-HOLES + + NC = NO CONNECT NC7SZ04P5 GND A NC U3 AGND VD AGND VCC VCC2 AGND DR AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND AGND P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 2 P2 1 P1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 P20 P21 P22 P23 P24 P25 P26 P27 P28 P29 P30 P31 P32 P33 P34 P35 P36 P37 P7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 DR B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 BOR AD9432 Figure 17b. PCB Schematic (Continued) REV. E AD9432 REV. E Figure 18. Top Silkscreen Figure 21. Split Power Plane Figure 19. Top Level Routing Figure 22. Bottom Layer Route Figure 20. Ground Plane Figure 23. Bottom Silkscreen –17– AD9432 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS Dimensions shown in inches and (mm). 52-Lead Plastic Quad Flatpack (LQFP) (ST-52) 0.063 (1.60) MAX 0.472 (12.00) SQ 0.030 (0.75) 0.018 (0.45) 39 27 40 26 SEATING PLANE 0.394 (10.0) SQ TOP VIEW (PINS DOWN) 14 52 1 0.006 (0.15) 0.002 (0.05) 0.057 (1.45) 0.053 (1.35) 13 0.026 (0.65) BSC 0.015 (0.38) 0.009 (0.22) CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN THERMALLY ENHANCED 52-Lead Power Thin Plastic Quad Flatpack (LQFP_ED) (SQ-52) 0.104 (2.65) 0.098 (2.50) (4 PLCS) 0.093 (2.35) 0.472 (12.00) SQ 0.307 (7.80) 52 40 1 40 39 27 14 1 0.236 (6.00) 0.232 (5.90) 0.228 (5.80) EXPOSED HEATSINK (CENTERED) 27 26 0.026 (0.65) 52 39 0.402 (10.20) 0.394 (10.00) SQ 0.386 (9.80) TOP VIEW (PINS DOWN) 13 0.093 (2.35) 0.087 (2.20) (4 PLCS) 0.081 (2.05) 13 26 14 0.236 (6.00) 0.232 (5.90) 0.228 (5.80) 0.015 (0.38) 0.013 (0.32) 0.009 (0.22) BOTTOM VIEW (PINS UP) 0.063 (1.60) MAX 0.030 (0.75) 0.024 (0.60) 0.018 (0.45) 0.057 (1.45) 0.055 (1.40) 0.053 (1.35) SEATING PLANE VIEW A 0.006 (0.15) 0.002 (0.05) 0.004 (0.10) COPLANARITY VIEW A NOTES 1. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN. 2. ALTHOUGH NOT REQUIRED IN ALL APPLICATIONS, THE AD9432 HAS AN EXPOSED METALLIC PAD ON THE PACKAGE BOTTOM WHICH IS INTENDED TO ENHANCE THE HEAT REMOVAL PATH. TO MAXIMIZE THE REMOVAL OF HEAT, A LAND PATTERN WITH CLOSELY SPACED THERMAL VIAS TO THE GROUND PLANE(S) SHOULD BE INCORPORATED ON THE PCB WITHIN THE FOOTPRINT OF THE PACKAGE CORRESPONDING TO THE EXPOSED METAL PAD DIMENSIONS OF THE PACKAGE. THE SOLDERABLE LAND AREA SHOULD BE SOLDER MASK DEFINED AND BE AT LEAST THE SAME SIZE AND SHAPE AS THE EXPOSED PAD AREA ON THE PACKAGE. AT LEAST 0.25 MM CLEARANCE BETWEEN THE OUTER EDGES OF THE LAND PATTERN AND THE INNER EDGES OF THE PAD PATTERN SHOULD BE MAINTAINED TO AVOID ANY SHORTS. –18– REV. E AD9432 Revision History Location Page Data Sheet changed from REV. D to REV. E. Edits to SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Edits to ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Edits to ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Addition of text to USING THE AD9432 section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Edits to Figure 17a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Edits to Figure 17b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Addition of SQ-52 Package Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 REV. E –19– –20– PRINTED IN U.S.A. C00587–0–1/02(E)