19-1324; Rev 1; 2/98 KIT ATION EVALU LE B A IL A AV Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver ____________________________Features ♦ Low-Cost Silicon Bipolar Design The LNA has a 2.4dB typical noise figure and a -10dBm input third-order intercept point (IP3). The downconverter mixer has a low 9.2dB noise figure and 4dBm input IP3. Image and local-oscillator filtering are implemented off-chip for maximum flexibility. The PA driver amplifier has 15dB of gain, which can be reduced over a 35dB range. Power consumption is only 60mW in receive mode and 90mW in transmit mode and drops to less than 3µW in shutdown mode. For applications requiring separate, single-ended IF input and output ports, refer to the MAX2410 data sheet. For applications requiring only a receive function, Maxim offers a low-cost downconverter with LNA (see the MAX2406 data sheet). ♦ Low Power Consumption: 60mW Receive 90mW Full-Power Transmit ♦ Integrated Upconvert/Downconvert Function ♦ Operates from a Single +2.7V to +5.5V Supply ♦ 3.2dB Combined Receiver Noise Figure: 2.4dB (LNA) 9.2dB (mixer) ♦ Flexible Power-Amplifier Driver: 18dBm Output Third-Order Intercept (OIP3) 35dB Gain-Control Range ♦ LO Buffer for Low LO Drive Level ♦ 0.3µW Shutdown Mode ♦ Flexible Power-Down Modes Compatible with MAX2510/MAX2511 IF Transceivers _______________Ordering Information PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX2411AEEI -40°C to +85°C 28 QSOP MAX2411AE/D -40°C to +85°C Dice* *Dice are specified at TA = 25°C, DC parameters only. ________________________Applications PWT1900 DCS1800/PCS1900 DECT ISM-Band Transceivers PHS/PACS Iridium Handsets Pin Configuration TOP VIEW 28 GND GND 1 27 LNAOUT LNAIN 2 Typical Operating Circuit appears on last page. 26 GND GND 3 Functional Diagram GND 4 MAX2411A VCC 5 LNAOUT RXMXIN LNAIN RXEN TXEN PADROUT LNA POWER MANAGEMENT IF IF LO LO MAX2411A PA DRIVER TX MIXER GC PADRIN TXMXOUT 24 RXMXIN RXEN 6 RX MIXER 25 GND 23 GND LO 7 22 IF LO 8 21 IF TXEN 9 20 GND 19 TXMXOUT VCC 10 GC 11 18 GND GND 12 17 GND 16 PADRIN PADROUT 13 15 GND GND 14 QSOP ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800. For small orders, phone 408-737-7600 ext. 3468. MAX2411A ________________General Description The MAX2411A performs the RF front-end transmit/ receive function in time-division-duplex (TDD) communication systems. It operates over a wide frequency range and is optimized for RF frequencies around 1.9GHz. Applications include most popular cordless and PCS standards. The MAX2411A includes a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a downconverter mixer, a local-oscillator buffer, an upconverter mixer, and a variable-gain power-amplifier (PA) driver in a low-cost, plastic surface-mount package. The MAX2411A’s unique bidirectional, differential IF port reduces cost and component count by allowing the transmit and receive paths to share the same IF filter. MAX2411A Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VCC to GND ................................................................-0.3V to 6V LNAIN Input Power ...........................................................15dBm LO, LO Input Power ..........................................................10dBm PADRIN Input Power.........................................................10dBm RXMXIN Input Power ........................................................10dBm IF, IF Input Power (transmit mode) ...................................10dBm Voltage at RXEN, TXEN, GC.......................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) QSOP (derate 11mW/°C above +70°C) ........................909mW Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature.........................................-65°C to +165°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = +2.7V to +5.5V, VGC = +3.0V, RXEN = TXEN = 0.6V, PADROUT pulled up to VCC with 50Ω resistor; IF, IF pulled up to VCC with 50Ω resistor, TXMXOUT pulled up to VCC with 125Ω resistor, LNAOUT pulled up to VCC with 100Ω resistor, all RF inputs open, TA = -40°C to +85°C. Typical values are at +25°C and VCC = +3.0V, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS Supply-Voltage Range MIN TYP 2.7 Digital Input Voltage High RXEN, TXEN pins Digital Input Voltage Low RXEN, TXEN pins RXEN Input Bias Current (Note 1) RXEN = 2.0V TXEN Input Bias Current (Note 1) TXEN = 2.0V GC Input Bias Current MAX UNITS 5.5 V 2.0 V 0.6 V 0.1 1 µA 0.1 1 µA GC = 3V, TXEN = 2V 35 51.1 µA Supply Current, Receive Mode RXEN = 2.0V 20 29.6 mA Supply Current, Transmit Mode TXEN = 2.0V 30 44.7 mA Supply Current, Standby Mode RXEN = 2.0V, TXEN = 2.0V 160 520 µA Supply Current, Shutdown Mode VCC = 3.0V 0.1 10 µA AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (MAX2411A EV kit, V CC = +3.0V, V GC = +2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, all measurements performed in 50Ω environment, f LO = 1.5GHz, P LO = -10dBm, f LNAIN = f PADRIN = f RXMXIN = 1.9GHz, P LNAIN = -32dBm, P PADRIN = P RXMXIN = -22dBm, fIF, IF = 400MHz, PIF = -32dBm (Note 1), TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX TA = +25°C 14.2 16.2 17.4 TA = TMIN to TMAX 12.6 UNITS LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER (RXEN = high) Gain (Note 2) Noise Figure Input IP3 (Note 3) Output 1dB Compression LO to LNAIN Leakage RXEN = high or low 19.1 dB 2.4 dB -10 dBm -5 dBm -49 dBm RECEIVE MIXER (RXEN = high) Conversion Gain (Note 2) TA = +25°C 8.5 TA = -40°C to +85°C 7.5 9.4 10.0 10.9 dB Noise Figure Single sideband 9.2 dB Input IP3 (Note 4) 4.0 dBm -7.7 dBm Input 1dB Compression IF Frequency (Notes 2, 5) Minimum LO Drive Level (Note 6) 2 450 -17 _______________________________________________________________________________________ MHz dBm Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver (MAX2411A EV kit, V CC = +3.0V, V GC = +2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, all measurements performed in 50Ω environment, f LO = 1.5GHz, P LO = -10dBm, f LNAIN = f PADRIN = f RXMXIN = 1.9GHz, P LNAIN = -32dBm, P PADRIN = P RXMXIN = -22dBm, fIF, IF = 400MHz, PIF = -32dBm (Note 1), all impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network), TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX TA = +25°C 6.8 8.5 9.3 TA = TMIN to TMAX 5.7 UNITS TRANSMIT MIXER (TXEN = high) Conversion Gain (Note 1) Output IP3 (Notes 1, 7) Output 1dB Compression Point LO Leakage Noise Figure Single sideband IF Frequency (Notes 2, 5) Intermod Spurious Response (Note 8) 10.4 dB 0.5 dBm -11.1 dBm -58 dBm 8.3 dB 450 FOUT = 2LO-2IF = 2.2GHz -45.5 FOUT = 2LO-3IF = 1.8GHz -70 FOUT = 3LO-6IF = 2.1GHz -90 MHz dBc PA DRIVER (TXEN = high) TA = +25°C Gain (Note 2) TA = TMIN to TMAX Output IP3 (Note 4) 13 15 12.3 16.4 17 dB 18 dBm Output 1dB Compression Point 6.3 dBm Gain-Control Range 35 dB 12 dB/V Gain-Control Sensitivity (Note 9) LOCAL-OSCILLATOR INPUTS (RXEN = TXEN = high) Input Relative VSWR Receive mode (TXEN = low) 1.10 Transmit mode (RXEN = low) 1.02 POWER MANAGEMENT (RXEN = TXEN = low) Receiver Turn-On Time (Notes 2, 10) RXEN = low to high 0.5 2.5 µs Transmitter Turn-On Time (Notes 2, 11) TXEN = low to high 0.3 2.5 µs Note 1: Power delivered to IF SMA connector of MAX2411A EV kit. Power delivered to MAX2411A IC is approximately 1.0dB less due to balun losses. Note 2: Guaranteed by design and characterization. Note 3: Two tones at 1.9GHz and 1.901GHz at -32dBm per tone. Note 4: Two tones at 1.9GHz and 1.901GHz at -22dBm per tone. Note 5: Mixer operation guaranteed to this frequency. For optimum gain, adjust output match. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for graphs of IF port impedance versus IF frequency. Note 6: At this LO drive level, the mixer conversion gain is typically 1dB lower than with -10dBm LO drive. Note 7: Two tones at 400MHz and 401MHz at -32dBm per tone. Note 8: Transmit mixer output at -17dBm. Note 9: Calculated from measurements taken at VGC = 1.0V and VGC = 1.5V. Note 10: Time from RXEN = low to RXEN = high transition until the combined receive gain is within 1dB of its final value. Measured with 47pF blocking capacitors on LNAIN and LNAOUT. Note 11: Time from TXEN = low to TXEN = high transition until the combined transmit gain is within 1dB of its final value. Measured with 47pF blocking capacitors on PADRIN and PADROUT. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX2411A AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) __________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX2411A EV kit, VCC = +3.0V, VGC = +2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, all measurements performed in 50Ω environment, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIF, IF = 400MHz, PIF = -32dBm (Note 1), all impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network), TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) RECEIVE-MODE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 34 VCC = 4.0V 32 30 VCC = 3.0V 28 VCC = 5.5V 22 VCC = 4.0V 21 20 19 VCC = 3.0V 18 VCC = 2.7V VCC = 2.7V 10 35 60 -40 85 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 -15 0.02 10 35 60 0 85 -40 10 35 60 LNA INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY LNA OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY IMAGINARY 0 100 RXEN = VCC 80 -40 60 -80 40 -120 REAL 100 VCC = 3.0V 0 0 10 35 60 0.5 1.0 LNA GAIN vs. FREQUENCY 2.0 RXEN = VCC 19 0 0.5 1.0 0 13 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.5 -125 3.0 LNA INPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE 16 14 1.5 FREQUENCY (GHz) 17 5 -100 0 3.0 -5 RXEN = VCC -6 -7 VCC = 4.0V 15 FREQUENCY (GHz) REAL 50 INPUT IP3 (dBm) LNA GAIN (dB) 10 2.0 2.5 VCC = 5.5V 18 15 1.5 -75 LNA GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE RXEN = VCC 1.0 1.5 20 MAX2411A-07 1pF SHUNT CAPACITOR AT LNA INPUT USING EV KIT MATCHING CIRCUIT (OPTIMIZED FOR 1.9GHz) 0.5 100 FREQUENCY (GHz) TEMPERATURE (°C) 20 -50 -200 0 85 IMAGINARY MAX2411A-08 -15 -25 150 -160 20 VCC = 2.7V 200 -8 -9 -10 VCC = 4.0V -11 VCC = 5.5V -13 VCC = 3.0V VCC = 3.0V VCC = 2.7V -12 VCC = 2.7V MAX2411A-09 200 0 RXEN = VCC REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω) VCC = 4.0V 85 MAX2411A-06 250 40 120 REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω) 300 0 -15 STANDBY SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE VCC = 5.5V 25 VCC = 3.0V VCC = 2.7V TEMPERATURE (°C) 400 30 VCC = 4.0V TEMPERATURE (°C) RXEN = TXEN = 2.0V -40 VCC = 5.5V 0.03 TEMPERATURE (°C) MAX2411A-04 STANDBY SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) -15 MAX2411A-05 500 4 0.08 0.01 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω) -40 RXEN = TXEN = GND 0.09 17 26 MAX2411A-03 23 0.10 -14 -15 -40 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 TEMPERATURE (°C) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 80 100 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω) VCC = 5.5V RXEN = VCC SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 36 24 SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE MAX2411A-02 TXEN = VCC RECEIVE SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) TRANSMITTER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 38 MAX2411A-01 TRANSMIT-MODE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE LNA GAIN (dB) MAX2411A Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver (MAX2411A EV kit, VCC = +3.0V, VGC = +2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, all measurements performed in 50Ω environment, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIF, IF = 400MHz, PIF = -32dBm (Note 1), all impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network), T A = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) LNA OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 -1 -2 -3 -4 480 860 1240 1620 80 -90 60 -130 -170 REAL -210 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.2 -250 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 PA DRIVER GAIN vs. FREQUENCY PA DRIVER GAIN AND OUTPUT IP3 vs. GC VOLTAGE MAX2411A-13 50 30 USING EV KIT MATCHING NETWORK (OPTIMIZED FOR 1.9GHz) 0 -50 125 -100 100 -150 75 -200 50 -250 REAL 25 25 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 TXEN = VCC 10 IP3 5 0 GAIN -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 0 3.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 3.0 FREQUENCY (GHz) FREQUENCY (GHz) GC VOLTAGE (V) PA DRIVER OUTPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE PA DRIVER GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE PA DRIVER OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 20 19 18 VCC = 4.0V 17 VCC = 3.0V 16 17 PA DRIVER GAIN (dB) VCC = 5.5V TXEN = VCC VCC = 5.5V 16 VCC = 4.0V 15 VCC = 2.7V 14 VCC = 2.7V 15 13 14 12 0 20 40 60 TEMPERATURE (°C) 80 100 VCC = 3.0V 8 6 MAX2411A-18 TXEN = VCC OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT (dBm) 18 MAX2411A-16 21 -20 15 5 -350 0.5 15 10 -300 0 TXEN = VCC 20 GAIN (dB) IMAGINARY 150 20 3.0 MAX2411A-15 PA DRIVER OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY MAX2411A-14 FREQUENCY (GHz) IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω) REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω) -50 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 175 OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) 100 0 2.7 2000 TXEN = VCC -40 -10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 200 0 IMAGINARY 120 20 GAIN (dB) OR OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) 100 30 40 -6 0.0 70 TXEN = VCC 140 -5 MAX2411A-17 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 3.5 MAX2411A-11 4.0 RXEN = VCC MAX2411A-12 160 REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω) RXEN = VCC OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT (dBm) 4.5 0 MAX2411A-10 5.0 PA DRIVER INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY VGC = 2.15V 4 TXEN = VCC 2 0 -2 VGC = 1.0V -4 -40 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.7 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω) LNA NOISE FIGURE vs. FREQUENCY MAX2411A _____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) _____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (MAX2411A EV kit, VCC = +3.0V, VGC = +2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, all measurements performed in 50Ω environment, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIF, IF = 400MHz, PIF = -32dBm (Note 1), all impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network), T A = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) 90 80 5 4 3 2 20 15 10 -140 REAL -160 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0.0 3.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 FREQUENCY (GHz) RECEIVE MIXER CONVERSION GAIN vs. RF FREQUENCY MAX2411Atoc22 6 5 9 VCC = 2.7V 8 7 6 18 VCC = 3.0V VCC = 2.7V 2 5 4 12 10 8 4 2 0 RXEN = VCC 0 20 40 60 80 -40 -20 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 20 40 60 80 RECEIVE MIXER GAIN AND NOISE FIGURE vs. LO POWER RXEN = VCC 12 10 9 GAIN 7 6 -300 IMAGINARY 600 -600 SINGLE-ENDED 400 -900 -1200 LO POWER (dBm) 0 0 200 0 -25 400 600 FREQUENCY (MHz) 200 IMAGINARY 800 -1500 1000 -50 150 -75 100 -100 -125 50 REAL 0 -150 -175 -50 0 -2 3.0 MAX2411A-27 250 800 REAL -4 2.5 300 0 RXEN = VCC 5 -6 2.0 TXEN = VCC 200 4 1.5 TRANSMIT MIXER OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY MAX2411Atoc26 1000 REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω) NOISE FIGURE -8 1.0 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) IF OR IF OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY MAX2411Atoc25 14 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 0.5 TEMPERATURE (°C) REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω) 0 RXEN = VCC -2 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω) -20 EV KIT MATCHING NETWORK AT RXMXIN AND IFOUT 6 1 3 2 NARROW BAND MATCH AT RXMXIN, EV KIT MATCH AT IF, IF 14 4 3 IF = 400MHz 16 CONVERSION GAIN (dB) VCC = 5.5V VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V -200 3.0 MAX2411A toc24 0.5 GAIN-CONTROL VOLTAGE (V) RXEN = VCC -40 -180 RECEIVE MIXER INPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE INPUT IP3 (dBm) CONVERSION GAIN (dB) -120 30 FREQUENCY (GHz) 10 6 -100 40 RECEIVE MIXER CONVERSION GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE 12 11 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 MAX2411Atoc23 0 8 -80 50 0 0 0 11 -60 60 10 1 13 -40 70 20 5 -20 IMAGINARY -100 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 FREQUENCY (GHz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.5 -200 3.0 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω) NOISE FIGURE (dB) 6 REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω) TXEN = VCC 7 0 RXEN = VCC IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω) 25 MAX2410A-21 100 MAX2411A-20 TXEN = VCC 8 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 30 MAX2411A-19 10 9 RECEIVE MIXER INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY PA DRIVER NOISE FIGURE vs. GAIN-CONTROL VOLTAGE PA DRIVER NOISE FIGURE vs. FREQUENCY GAIN AND NOISE FIGURE (dB) MAX2411A Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver (MAX2411A EV kit, VCC = +3.0V, VGC = +2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, all measurements performed in 50Ω environment, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIF, IF = 400MHz, PIF = -32dBm (Note 1), all impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network), TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) VCC = 4.8V 4 7 6 5 EV KIT MATCH NETWORK AT TXMXOUT AND IF, IF 4 TXEN = VCC 0 20 40 60 -1.5 0.5 80 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 TEMPERATURE (°C) RF FREQUENCY (GHz) TRANSMIT MIXER GAIN AND NOISE FIGURE vs. LO POWER IF OR IF OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY TXEN = VCC 9 REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω) GAIN 7 6 -40 600 -600 SINGLE-ENDED -900 -12 -9 -6 LO POWER (dBm) -3 0 60 80 RXEN = TXEN = VCC 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 -15 40 -1200 REAL -18 20 LO PORT RETURN LOSS vs. FREQUENCY -300 IMAGINARY 200 5 0 0 0 5 400 -20 TEMPERATURE (°C) RXEN = VCC 800 NF 8 3.0 MAX2411Atoc32 1000 MAX2411toc31 10 GAIN AND NOISE FIGURE (dB) VCC = 2.7V IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω) -20 VCC = 3.0V IF = 400MHz 0 -40 0.5 -0.5 1 0 VCC = 4.0V 1.5 3 2 2 VCC = 5.5V MAX2411A-33 VCC = 2.7V TXEN = VCC 2.5 OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) CONVERSION GAIN (dB) CONVERSION GAIN (dB) 8 6 8 3.5 RETURN LOSS (dB) VCC = 5.5V NARROW BAND AT TXMXOUT, EV KIT MATCH AT IF, IF 9 MAX2411Atoc29 TXEN = VCC 10 10 MAX2411Atoc28 12 TRANSMIT MIXER OUTPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE TRANSMIT MIXER CONVERSION GAIN vs. RF FREQUENCY MAX2411A toc30 TRANSMIT MIXER CONVERSION GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE 0 200 400 600 FREQUENCY (MHz) 800 -1500 1000 40 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 FREQUENCY (GHz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX2411A _____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) MAX2411A Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver ______________________________________________________________Pin Description PIN NAME 1, 3, 4, 12, 14, 18, 20, 23, 28 GND 2 LNAIN RF Input to LNA. AC couple to this pin. At 1.9GHz, LNAIN can be easily matched to 50Ω with one external shunt 1pF capacitor. 5, 10 VCC Supply Voltage (2.7V to 5.5V). Bypass VCC to GND at each pin with a 47pF capacitor as close to each pin as possible. 6 RXEN Logic-Level Enable for Receiver Circuitry. A logic high turns on the receiver. When TXEN and RXEN are both at a logic high, the part is placed in standby mode, with a 160µA (typical) supply current. If TXEN and RXEN are both at a logic low, the part is set to shutdown mode, with a 0.1µA (typical) supply current. 7 LO 50Ω Local-Oscillator (LO) Input Port. AC couple to this pin. 8 LO 50Ω Inverting Local-Oscillator Input Port. For single-ended operation, connect LO directly to GND. If a differential LO signal is available, AC couple the inverted LO signal to this pin. Ground. Connect GND to the PC board ground plane with minimal inductance. 9 TXEN Logic-Level Enable for Transmitter Circuitry. A logic high turns on the transmitter. When TXEN and RXEN are both at a logic high, the part is placed in standby mode, with a 160µA (typical) supply current. If TXEN and RXEN are both at a logic low, the part is set to shutdown mode, with a 0.1µA (typical) supply current. 11 GC Gain-Control Input for PA Driver. By applying an analog control voltage between 0V and 2.15V, the gain of the PA driver can be adjusted over a 35dB range. Connect to VCC for maximum gain. 13 PADROUT Power Amplifier Driver Output. AC couple to this pin. Use external shunt inductor to VCC to match PADROUT to 50Ω. This also provides DC bias. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of PADROUT Impedance vs. Frequency. 15, 17 GND 16 PADRIN RF Input to Variable-Gain Power Amplifier Driver. Internally matched to 50Ω. AC couple to this pin. This input typically provides a 2:1 VSWR at 1.9GHz. AC couple to this pin. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of PADRIN Impedance vs. Frequency. 19 TXMXOUT RF Output of Transmit Mixer (upconverter). Use an external shunt inductor to VCC as part of a matching network to 50Ω. This also provides DC bias. AC couple to this pin. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of TXMXOUT Impedance vs. Frequency. 21 22 8 FUNCTION PA Driver Input Grounds. Connect GND to the PC board ground plane with minimal inductance. IF Differential IF Port of Transmit (Tx) and Receive (Rx) Mixers, Inverting Side. In Rx mode, this output is an open collector and should be pulled up to VCC with an inductor. This inductor can be part of the matching network to the desired IF impedance in both Tx and Rx modes. Additionally, a resistor may be placed across IF and IF to set a terminating impedance. In Tx mode, this input is internally AC-coupled; however, AC couple to this pin externally. For single-ended operation, connect this port to VCC and bypass with 1000pF capacitor to GND. IF Differential IF Port of Tx and Rx Mixers, Noninverting Side. In Rx mode, this output is an open collector and should be pulled up to VCC with an inductor. This inductor can be part of the matching network to the desired IF impedance in both Tx and Rx modes. Additionally, a resistor may be placed across IF and IF to set a terminating impedance. In Tx mode, this input is internally AC coupled; however, AC couple to this pin externally. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver PIN NAME FUNCTION 24 RXMXIN RF Input to Receive Mixer (downconverter). This input typically requires a matching network for connecting to an external filter. AC couple to this pin. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of RXMXIN Impedance vs. Frequency. 25 GND Receive Mixer Input Ground. Connect GND to the PC board ground plane with minimal inductance. 26 GND LNA Output Ground. Connect GND to the PC board ground plane with minimal inductance. 27 LNAOUT LNA Output. AC couple to this pin. This output typically provides a VSWR of better than 2:1 at frequencies from 1.7GHz to 3GHz with no external matching components. At other frequencies, a matching network may be required to match LNAOUT to an external filter. Consult the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of LNA Output Impedance vs. Frequency. _______________Detailed Description The MAX2411A consists of five major components: a transmit mixer followed by a variable-gain poweramplifier (PA) driver as well as a low-noise amplifier (LNA), receive mixer, and power-management section. The following sections describe each of the blocks in the MAX2411A Functional Diagram. Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) The LNA is a wideband, single-ended cascode amplifier that can be used over a wide range of frequencies. Refer to the LNA Gain vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Its port impedances are optimized for operation around 1.9GHz, requiring only a 1pF shunt capacitor at the LNA input for a VSWR of better than 2:1 and a noise figure of 2.4dB. As with every LNA, the input match can be traded off for better noise figure. PA Driver The PA driver has typically 15dB of gain, which is adjustable over a 35dB range via the GC pin. At full gain, the PA driver has a noise figure of 3.5dB at 1.9GHz. For input and output matching information, refer to the Typical Operating Characteristics for plots of PA Driver Input and Output Impedance vs. Frequency. Bidirectional IF Port The MAX2411A has a unique bidirectional differential IF port, which can eliminate the need for separate transmit and receive IF filters, reducing cost and component count. Consult the Typical Operating Circuit for more information. For single-ended operation, connect the unused IF port to VCC and bypass with a 1000pF capacitor to GND. In receive mode, the IF and IF pins are open-collector outputs that need external inductive pull-ups to VCC for proper operation. These inductors are typically used as part of an IF matching network. In transmit mode, IF and IF are high-impedance inputs that are internally AC coupled to the transmit mixer. This internal AC coupling prevents the DC bias voltage required for the receive mixer outputs from reaching the transmit mixer inputs. Receive Mixer The receive mixer is a wideband, double-balanced design with excellent noise figure and linearity. Inputs to the mixer are the RF signal at the RXMXIN pin and the LO inputs at LO and LO. The downconverted output signal appears at the IF port. For more information, see the Bidirectional IF Port section. The conversion gain of the receive mixer is typically 9.4dB with a 9.2dB noise figure. RF Input The RXMXIN input is typically connected to the LNA output through an off-chip filter. This input is externally matched to 50Ω. See the Typical Operating Circuit for an example matching network and the Receive Mixer Input Impedance vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Local-Oscillator Inputs The LO and LO pins are internally terminated with 50Ω on-chip resistors. AC couple the local-oscillator signal to these pins. If a single-ended LO source is used, connect LO directly to ground. Transmit Mixer The transmit mixer takes an IF signal at the IF port and upconverts it to an RF frequency at the TXMXOUT pin. For more information on the IF port, see the Bidirectional IF Port section. The conversion gain is typically 8.5dB, and the output 1dB compression point is typically 11.1dBm at 1.9GHz. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX2411A _________________________________________________Pin Description (continued) MAX2411A Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver RF Output The transmit mixer output appears on the TXMXOUT pin, an open-collector output that requires an external pull-up inductor for DC biasing, which can be part of an impedance matching network. Consult the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of TXMXOUT Impedance vs. Frequency. Table 1. Advanced System PowerManagement Function RXEN TXEN 0 0 Shutdown 0 1 Transmit Advanced System Power Management 1 0 Receive RXEN and TXEN are the two separate power-control inputs for the receiver and transmitter. If both inputs are at logic 0, the part enters shutdown mode, and the supply current drops below 1µA. When one input is brought to logic 1, the corresponding function is enabled. If RXEN and TXEN are both set to logic 1, the part enters standby mode, as described in the Standby Mode section. Table 1 summarizes these operating modes. 1 1 Standby mode Power-down is guaranteed with a control voltage at or below 0.6V. The power-down function is designed to reduce the total power consumption to less than 1µA in less than 2.5µs. Complete power-up happens in the same amount of time. Standby Mode When the TXEN and RXEN pins are both set to logic 1, all functions are disabled, and the supply current drops to 160µA (typ); this mode is called Standby. This mode corresponds to a standby mode on the compatible IF transceiver chips MAX2510 and MAX2511. __________Applications Information Extended Frequency Range The MAX2411A has been characterized at 1.9GHz for use in PCS-band applications. However, it operates over a much wider frequency range. The LNA gain and noise figure, PA driver gain, and mixer conversion gain are plotted over a wide frequency range in the Typical Operating Characteristics. When operating the device 10 FUNCTION at RF frequencies other than those specified in the AC Electrical Characteristics table, it may be necessary to design or alter the matching networks on the RF ports. If the IF frequency is different from that specified in the AC Electrical Characteristics table, the IF, IF matching network must also be altered. The Typical Operating Characteristics provide port impedance data versus frequency on all RF and IF ports for use in designing matching networks. The LO port (LO and LO) is internally terminated with 50Ω resistors and provides a VSWR of approximately 1.2:1 to 2GHz and 2:1 up to 3GHz. Layout Issues A properly designed PC board is essential to any RF/microwave circuit. Be sure to use controlled impedance lines on all high-frequency inputs and outputs. Use low-inductance connections to ground on all GND pins, and place decoupling capacitors close to all VCC connections. For the power supplies, a star topology works well. Each VCC node in the circuit has its own path to the central VCC and a decoupling capacitor that provides a low impedance at the RF frequency of interest. The central V CC node has a large decoupling capacitor as well. This provides good isolation between the different sections of the MAX2411A. The MAX2411A EV kit layout can be used as a guide to integrating the MAX2411A into your design. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver RF BPF MATCH IF LNAIN IF MATCH ANTENNA IF RF BPF IF BPF T/R TXEN RXEN POWER MANAGEMENT LO MAX2411 LOCAL OSCILLATOR LO PA DRIVER PA MATCH PADROUT RF BPF GC RF BPF MATCH ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX2411A _________________________________________Typical Application Block Diagram MAX2411A Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver ___________________________________________________Typical Operating Circuit 1 LNA INPUT (1.9GHz) GND GND 28 220pF 220pF 2 1pF 3 4 LNAIN LNAOUT GND GND GND GND VCC RXMXIN 27 LNA OUTPUT 26 25 VCC 5 47pF MAX2411A GND 24 3.9nH 220pF Rx MIXER INPUT (1.9GHz) VCC 23 27nH 7 LO INPUT LO IF 220pF 22 27nH 1000pF 1000pF 8 LO IF 21 VCC VCC 10 1000pF 27nH VCC 47pF GND VCC GND 1000pF GND 400MHz 27nH 20 IF SAW FILTER (200Ω) 1000pF 17 18 VCC 18nH 220pF PA OUTPUT (1.9GHz) 13 12 14 TXEN RXEN GC 9 PADROUT 1000pF GND 5.6nH GND TXEN 6 RXEN 11 GC TXMXOUT PADRIN GND 12 3.9nH 19 16 220pF 220pF Tx MIXER OUTPUT (1.9GHz) PA DRIVER INPUT 15 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver QSOP.EPS ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 MAX2411A Package Information MAX2411A Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver NOTES 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________