19-1303; Rev 0; 10/97 KIT ATION EVALU E L B AVAILA Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier ____________________________Features The MAX2406 low-noise amplifier (LNA)/downconverter mixer is designed for use over a wide range of frequencies and is optimized for communications systems operating at a frequency of 1.9GHz. Applications include PWT1900/DCT1900, DCS1800/PCS1900, PHS, and DECT. This device includes an LNA, a downconverter mixer, and a local-oscillator (LO) buffer in a lowcost, plastic surface-mount package. At 1.9GHz, the LNA has 2.5dB typical noise figure and a -9.5dBm input third-order intercept point (IP3). The downconverter mixer has a low 9.1dB noise figure and a 4.5dBm input IP3. Image and LO filtering are implemented off-chip for maximum flexibility. The MAX2406 has a differential IF port that can be used in a single-ended configuration by tying the unused side to VCC. The LO buffer can be driven differentially or in a single-ended configuration with only -10dBm of LO power. Power consumption is 60mW in receive mode, and typically drops to less than 1µW in shutdown mode. ♦ Integrated LNA/Downconverter ♦ 3.2dB Combined Receiver Noise Figure: 2.5dB (LNA) 9.1dB (mixer) ♦ -12.5dBm Combined Receiver Input IP3: -9.5dBm (LNA) 4.5dBm (mixer) ♦ LO Buffer ♦ +2.7V to +5.5V Single-Supply Operation ♦ 60mW Power Consumption ♦ Low-Power Shutdown Mode For transceiver applications, the MAX2410 or MAX2411A both offer a transmitter along with a similar receiver. ______________Ordering Information ________________________Applications MAX2406EEP PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE -40°C to +85°C 20 QSOP PWT1900/DCT1900 DCS1800/PCS1900 PHS/PACS DECT ________________Functional Diagram __________________Pin Configuration TOP VIEW LNAOUT RXMXIN GND 1 20 GND 19 LNAOUT LNAIN 2 IF IF LNAIN MAX2406 GND 3 18 GND GND 4 17 GND VCC 5 16 RXMXIN RXEN 6 RXEN POWER MANAGEMENT LO LO 14 IF LO 8 13 IF VCC 9 GND 10 Typical Application Functional Diagram appears at end of data sheet. 15 GND LO 7 12 GND MAX2406 11 GND QSOP ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800. For small orders, phone 408-737-7600 ext. 3468. MAX2406 ________________General Description MAX2406 Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VCC to GND ................................................................-0.3V to 6V LNAIN Input Power ...........................................................15dBm LO, LO Input Power ..........................................................10dBm RXMXIN Input Power ........................................................10dBm RXEN Voltage to GND ................................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) RXEN Current........................................................................5mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) QSOP (derate 9.1mW/°C above +70°C) ......................727mW Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature.........................................-65°C to +165°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V, RXEN = 2V, LNAIN = RXMXIN = open, LNAOUT pulled up with 100Ω to VCC, IF and IF pulled up with 50Ω to VCC, TA = -40°C to +85°C. Typical values are at TA = +25°C and VCC = 3.0V, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN Supply-Voltage Range 2.7 RXEN Input Voltage High 2.0 TYP V 0.6 V RXEN = 2.0V 0.1 1.0 µA 20 30 mA RXEN = GND, VCC = 3.0V 0.1 10 µA MAX UNITS Supply Current, Receive Mode Supply Current, Shutdown Mode UNITS 5.5 V RXEN Input Voltage Low RXEN Input Bias Current MAX AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (MAX2406EVKIT, Rev. B, VCC = 3.0V, RXEN = VCC, ƒLO = 1.5GHz, ƒLNAIN = ƒRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -30dBm, PRXMXIN = -21.5dBm, PLO = -10dBm, differential IF operation, 50Ω system, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER LNA Gain (Note 1) CONDITIONS MIN TYP TA = +25°C 13.6 16 TA = TMIN to TMAX 12.2 LNA Noise Figure LNA Input IP3 (Note 2) LNA Output 1dB Compression Mixer Conversion Gain (Note 1) TA = +25°C 7.4 TA = TMIN to TMAX 6.2 17.6 18.8 dB 2.5 dB -9.5 dBm -5.6 dBm 8.4 9.0 10.2 dB Mixer Noise Figure Single sideband 9.1 dB Mixer Input IP3 (Note 3) 4.5 dBm -7 dBm Mixer Input 1dB Compression Mixer Output Frequency (Notes 1 and 4) Receiver Turn-On Time (Notes 1 and 5) 0.5 450 Minimum LO Drive Level (Note 6) -17 dBm LO to LNAIN Leakage RXEN = high or low -49 dBm 2.5 MHz µs Guaranteed by design and characterization. 1.9GHz and 1.901GHz tones at -30dBm per tone. 1.9GHz and 1.901GHz tones at -21.5dBm per tone. Mixer operation is guaranteed to this frequency. For optimum gain, adjust IF output match. See the IF Output Impedance (single ended) vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Note 5: Time from RXEN = low to RXEN = high, until the combined receive gain is within 1dB of its final value. Measured with 47pF blocking capacitors on LNAIN and LNAOUT. Note 6: At this LO drive level, the mixer conversion gain is typically 1dB lower than with -10dBm LO drive. Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 10 1.0 VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4V 0.5 35 60 -15 10 LNA OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY IMAGINARY -60 100 -80 REAL 1000 1500 2000 2500 WITHOUT 1pF SHUNT CAPACITOR AT INPUT 10 -11 800 1240 1680 2120 2560 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 VCC = 3V -40 3000 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 LNA NOISE FIGURE vs. FREQUENCY 5.0 4.5 4.0 -2 VCC = 5.5V -4 VCC = 3.0V -6 VCC = 2.7V 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 -8 0.5 -10 -12 18 12 0 NOISE FIGURE (dB) VCC = 2.7V -200 3000 VCC = 5.5V 14 MAX2406-07 MAX2406-06 -10 2500 16 LNA OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT vs. TEMPERATURE -9 2000 VCC = 2.7V OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT (dBm) INPUT IP3 (dBm) 15 5 -120 3000 VCC = 3.0V 1500 22 20 LNA INPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE VCC = 5.5V -40 1000 LNA GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE FREQUENCY (MHz) -8 500 FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz) -7 -160 VCC = 4V -100 0 500 0 85 WITH 1pF SHUNT CAPACITOR AT INPUT 20 GAIN (dB) -40 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω) REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω) -20 200 0 60 25 0 MEASURED AT DEVICE PIN 50 35 LNA GAIN vs. FREQUENCY MAX2406-03B 300 150 -120 REAL TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) 250 40 0 -40 85 -80 MAX2406-09 10 GAIN (dB) -15 60 20 VCC = 2.7V MAX2406-04 -40 -40 VCC = 3V 0 5 80 0.0 -40 -15 10 35 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 85 100 480 860 1240 1620 2000 FREQUENCY (MHz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω) 15 0 IMAGINARY MAX2406-05 VCC = 2.7V 40 MEASURED AT DEVICE PIN 100 1.5 REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω) 20 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) MAX2406-03A 120 MAX2406-02 VCC = 5.5V SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT ( µA) VCC = 3.0V LNA INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY 2.0 MAX2406-01 25 MAX2406 __________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX2406EVKIT, Rev. B, VCC = 3.3V, RXEN = VCC, ƒLO = 1.5GHz, ƒLNAIN = ƒRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -30dBm, PRXMXIN = -21.5dBm, PLO = -10dBm, differential IF operation, 50Ω system, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier MAX2406 ____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (MAX2406EVKIT, Rev. B, VCC = 3.3V, RXEN = VCC, ƒLO = 1.5GHz, ƒLNAIN = ƒRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -30dBm, PRXMXIN = -21.5dBm, PLO = -10dBm, differential IF operation, 50Ω system, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) 15 -150 150 -200 100 -250 REAL 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 1.9GHz EV KIT MATCH -5 -350 3000 -10 5 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 MAX2406-13 VCC = 3.0V 9.5 85 VCC = 3.0V NOISE FIGURE (dB) 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 VCC = 2.7V 60 13 8.5 VCC = 3.0V 35 15 9.0 VCC = 5.5V 10 MIXER NOISE FIGURE vs. LO POWER 10.0 GAIN (dB) INPUT IP3 (dBm) -15 TEMPERATURE (°C) MIXER GAIN vs. LO POWER MIXER INPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE 4 -40 FREQUENCY (GHz) 7 5 9 7 FREQUENCY (MHz) 6 11 0 MAX2406-14 0 VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V VCC = 2.7V, 3.0V 13 5 -300 50 0 10 3GHz NARROWBAND MATCH MAX2406-15 200 MIXER GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE 15 GAIN (dB) -100 900MHz NARROW- 2.4GHz BAND NARROWMATCH BAND MATCH MAX2406-11 20 GAIN (dB) IMAGINARY -50 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω) MEASURED AT DEVICE PIN 250 REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω) MIXER GAIN vs. FREQUENCY MAX2406-10 300 MAX2406-12 RX MIXER INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY 6.0 11 9 7 5.5 5.0 -15 10 35 60 -6 -4 -2 0 -18 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 0 LNA AND MIXER NOISE FIGURE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE LO PORT RETURN LOSS vs. FREQUENCY IF OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (SINGLE ENDED) vs. FREQUENCY 4 LNA 2 10 15 20 25 3.5 4.0 4.5 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5.0 5.5 -100 600 -200 500 IMAGINARY 400 -300 300 -400 200 MEASURED AT DEVICE PIN 0 500 1000 1500 2000 FREQUENCY (MHz) 2500 3000 0 200 400 600 FREQUENCY (MHz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ -500 -600 REAL 0 30 3.0 0 IF TIED TO VCC 100 1 0 MAX2406-18 700 REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω) 5 MEASURED ON EV KIT WITH 220pF SERIES C AT LO PORT 5 RETURN LOSS (dB) 6 3 0 MAX2406-16 7 4 -14 LO POWER (dBm) MIXER 2.5 -16 LO POWER (dBm) 9 NOISE FIGURE (dB) -8 TEMPERATURE (°C) 10 8 5 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 85 MAX2406-17 -40 800 -700 1000 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω) 3 Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier PIN NAME FUNCTION 1, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 15, 20 GND 2 LNAIN 5, 9 VCC 6 RXEN 7 LO 50Ω Local-Oscillator Input Port. AC couple to this pin. 8 LO 50Ω Inverting Local-Oscillator Input Port. For single-ended LO operation, connect LO directly to GND. If a differential LO signal is available, AC couple the inverted LO signal to this pin. 13 IF Noninverting Side of Downconverter’s Differential Open-Collector IF Output. Pull IF up to VCC with an inductor. This inductor can be part of the matching network to the desired IF impedance. Alternatively, a resistor can be placed in parallel to set a terminating impedance. 14 IF Inverting Side of Downconverter’s Differential Open-Collector IF Output. Follow recommendations for IF output above. If single-ended operation is desired, connect IF directly to VCC. 16 RXMXIN RF Input of Downconverter Mixer. AC couple to this pin. A matching network may be required to match RXMXIN to an external filter. Consult the Rx Mixer Input Impedance vs. Frequency plot in the Typical Operating Characteristics. 17 GND LNA Output Ground. Connect to ground plane with minimal inductance. 18 GND Downconverter Mixer Input Ground. Connect to ground plane with minimal inductance. 19 LNAOUT Ground. Connect to ground plane with minimal inductance. RF Input to the LNA. At 1.9GHz, LNAIN can be easily matched to 50Ω with one external shunt 1pF capacitor. AC couple to this pin. See the LNA Input Impedance vs. Frequency plot in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Supply Voltage (+2.7V to +5.5V). Bypass VCC to GND at each pin with a 47pF capacitor as close to each pin as possible. Enable Control Input, active high. Logic high activates all part functions. A logic low places the device in shutdown mode. LNA Output. This output typically provides a VSWR of better than 2:1 at frequencies from 1.8GHz to 2.5GHz with no external matching components. At other frequencies, a matching network may be required to match this pin to an external filter. Consult the LNA Output Impedance vs. Frequency plot in the Typical Operating Characteristics. _______________Detailed Description The following sections describe each of the blocks in the MAX2406 Functional Diagram. The MAX2406 consists of four major components: a lownoise amplifier (LNA), a downconverter mixer, a localoscillator (LO) buffer, and a power-management block. of better than 2:1 at the input and output. As with every LNA, the input match can be traded off for better noise figure. Receive Mixer The receive mixer is a wideband, double-balanced design with excellent noise figure and linearity. Low-Noise Amplifier RF Inputs The LNA is a wideband, single-ended cascode amplifier that can be used over a wide range of frequencies. Refer to the LNA Gain vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Its port impedances are optimized for operation around 1.9GHz, requiring only a 1pF shunt capacitor at the LNA input for a VSWR The RXMXIN input is typically connected to the LNA output through an off-chip filter providing enhanced flexibility. This input is externally matched to 50Ω. See Figure 1 for an example matching network for 1.9GHz, and the Rx Mixer Input Impedance vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX2406 ______________________________________________________________Pin Description LO Inputs Power-Down Control The LO and LO pins are internally terminated with 50Ω resistors. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of LO Port Return Loss vs. Frequency. AC couple the local-oscillator signal to these pins. If a singleended LO source is used, connect LO to ground. Pulling RXEN low places the MAX2406 in shutdown mode. Power-down is guaranteed with a control voltage at or below 0.6V. The device exits shutdown in 0.5µs typical. __________Applications Information IF Output Port Extended Frequency Range The receive mixer output appears on the differential IF and IF pins. These open-collector outputs each require an external inductor to VCC for DC biasing. This port typically requires a matching network for coupling to an external IF filter. For single-ended operation, connect the unused side (typically IF) to VCC, and decouple it to ground with a 1000pF capacitor. Figure 1 shows examples of single-ended and differential IF port connections. Refer to the IF and IF Output Impedance vs. Frequency plot in the Typical Operating Characteristics. At lower IF frequencies, a shunt resistor across the pull-up inductor (in single-ended applications) or across IF and IF (in differential applications) can be used to set the IF impedance. VCC The MAX2406 has been characterized at 1.9GHz for use in PCS applications; however, it operates over a much wider frequency range. The LNA gain and noise figure, as well as receive mixer conversion gain, are plotted over a wide frequency range in the Typical Operating Characteristics. When operating the device at frequencies other than those specified in the specification table, it may be necessary to design or alter the matching networks on LNAIN, RXMIXIN, IF, and (if used) IF. In some cases, the internal broadband output match on LNAOUT may have to be supplemented by an external matching circuit. The Typical Operating Characteristics provide port-impedance data vs. frequency for use in designing a matching network. The VCC 47pF 47pF 5 VCC 220pF 220pF 7 LO INPUT DIFFERENTIAL 2 LNA INPUT 8 LO LO 220pF DIFFERENTIAL LO OPERATION 220pF LNAOUT LNAIN 19 RECEIVER ENABLE LO INPUT (SINGLE-ENDED) 6 7 220pF 4.7nH 1pF MAX2406 1000pF RXEN LCHOKE R* LO 220pF 16 LNA OUTPUT VCC *1pF 8 RECEIVE MIXER INPUT 9 VCC IF 13 LO RXMXIN GND IF 14 MATCH 1000pF VCC IF OUTPUT (SINGLE-ENDED) 14 1000pF IF 1000pF 1, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 18, 20 LCHOKE R* VCC 1000pF MATCH MAX2406 Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier IF OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL LCHOKE 1000pF IF 13 *OPTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL IF OPERATION Figure 1. MAX2406 Typical Operating Circuit 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier RF BPF VCC VCC LNAOUT RF BPF IF BPF RX MIXER IF LNAIN LNA MATCH IF OUT IF MAX2406 LO BUFFER BIAS CONTROL RXEN LO port is internally terminated to 50Ω and provides a good match (a VSWR of approximately 1.2:1 to 2GHz, and a VSWR of approximately 2:1 to 3GHz). Layout A properly designed PC board is an essential part of any RF/microwave circuit. Be sure to use controlled impedance lines on all high-frequency inputs and outputs, use low-inductance connections to ground on all GND pins, and place decoupling capacitors close to all VCC connections. LO SOURCE For the power supplies, a star topology works well. Each VCC node in the circuit has its own path to a central VCC and a decoupling capacitor that provides low impedance at the RF frequency of interest. The central VCC node has a large decoupling capacitor as well. This provides good isolation between the different sections of the MAX2406. The MAX2406 EV kit layout can be used as a guide to integrating the MAX2406 into your design. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX2406 ____________________________________Typical Application Functional Diagram ________________________________________________________Package Information QSOP.EPS MAX2406 Low-Cost Downconverter with Low-Noise Amplifier 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________