Hardware Documentation Data Sheet ® HAL 549 Hall-Effect Sensor with Undervoltage Reset Edition Jan. 30, 2009 DSH000022_003EN HAL549 DATA SHEET Copyright, Warranty, and Limitation of Liability The information and data contained in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable. The software and proprietary information contained therein may be protected by copyright, patent, trademark and/or other intellectual property rights of Micronas. All rights not expressly granted remain reserved by Micronas. Micronas assumes no liability for errors and gives no warranty representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose due to these specifications. By this publication, Micronas does not assume responsibility for patent infringements or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. Commercial conditions, product availability and delivery are exclusively subject to the respective order confirmation. Micronas Trademarks – HAL Micronas Patents Choppered Offset Compensation protected by Micronas patents no. US5260614, US5406202, EP0525235 and EP0548391. Third-Party Trademarks All other brand and product names or company names may be trademarks of their respective companies. Any information and data which may be provided in the document can and do vary in different applications, and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by customers’ technical experts. Any new issue of this document invalidates previous issues. Micronas reserves the right to review this document and to make changes to the document’s content at any time without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revision or changes. For further advice please contact us directly. Do not use our products in life-supporting systems, aviation and aerospace applications! Unless explicitly agreed to otherwise in writing between the parties, Micronas’ products are not designed, intended or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implants into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the product could create a situation where personal injury or death could occur. No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored on a retrieval system or transmitted without the express written consent of Micronas. 2 Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN Micronas HAL549 DATA SHEET Contents Page Section Title 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 1. 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. Introduction Features Marking Code Operating Junction Temperature Range (TJ) Hall Sensor Package Codes Solderability and Welding Pin Connections 6 2. Functional Description 7 7 12 12 12 12 13 14 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.4.1. 3.5. 3.6. Specifications Outline Dimensions Dimensions of Sensitive Area Positions of Sensitive Areas Absolute Maximum Ratings Storage and Shelf Life Recommended Operating Conditions Characteristics 19 19 4. 4.1. Type Description HAL549 21 21 21 21 21 5. 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. Application Notes Ambient Temperature Extended Operating Conditions Start-Up Behavior EMC and ESD 22 6. Data Sheet History Micronas Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN 3 HAL549 DATA SHEET Hall-Effect Sensor with Undervoltage Reset in CMOS Technology Release Note: Revision bars indicate significant changes to the previous edition. 1.2. Marking Code All Hall sensors have a marking on the package surface (branded side). This marking includes the name of the sensor and the temperature range. Type 1. Introduction The HAL549 is a Hall Effect switch produced in CMOS technology. The sensor includes a temperature-compensated Hall plate with active offset compensation, a comparator, and an open-drain output transistor. The comparator compares the actual magnetic flux through the Hall plate (Hall voltage) with the fixed reference values (switching points). Accordingly, the output transistor is switched on or off. In addition to the HAL50x/ 51x family, the HAL549 features a power-on and undervoltage reset. The active offset compensation leads to constant magnetic characteristics over supply voltage and temperature range. In addition, the magnetic parameters are robust against mechanical stress effects. The sensor is designed for industrial and automotive applications and operates with supply voltages from 4.3 V to 24 V in the ambient temperature range from −40 °C up to 140 °C. The HAL549 sensor is available in the SMD-package SOT89B-1 and in the leaded versions TO92UA-1 and TO92UA-2. HAL549 Temperature Range K E 549K 549E 1.3. Operating Junction Temperature Range (TJ) The Hall sensors from Micronas are specified to the chip temperature (junction temperature TJ). K: TJ = −40 °C to +140 °C E: TJ = −40 °C to +100 °C Note: Due to power dissipation, there is a difference between the ambient temperature (TA) and junction temperature. Please refer to section 5.1. on page 21 for details. 1.4. Hall Sensor Package Codes HALXXXPA-T Temperature Range: K or E 1.1. Features – switching offset compensation at typically 62 kHz Package: SF for SOT89B-1 UA for TO92UA – operates from 4.3 V to 24 V supply voltage Type: 549 – power-on and undervoltage reset – overvoltage protection at all pins Example: HAL549UA-K – reverse-voltage protection at VDD-pin → Type: 549 → Package: TO92UA → Temperature Range: TJ = −40 °C to +140 °C – magnetic characteristics are robust against mechanical stress effects – short-circuit protected open-drain output by thermal shut down – operates with static magnetic fields and dynamic magnetic fields up to 10 kHz Hall sensors are available in a wide variety of packaging versions and quantities. For more detailed information, please refer to the brochure: “Hall Sensors: Ordering Codes, Packaging, Handling”. – constant switching points over a wide supply voltage range – the decrease of magnetic flux density caused by rising temperature in the sensor system is compensated by a built-in negative temperature coefficient of the magnetic characteristics – ideal sensor for applications in extreme automotive and industrial environments 4 Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN Micronas HAL549 DATA SHEET 1.5. Solderability and Welding All packages: according to IEC68-2-58. Solderability During soldering reflow processing and manual reworking, a component body temperature of 260 °C should not be exceeded. Welding Device terminals should be compatible with laser and resistance welding. Please note that the success of the welding process is subject to different welding parameters which will vary according to the welding technique used. A very close control of the welding parameters is absolutely necessary in order to reach satisfying results. Micronas, therefore, does not give any implied or express warranty as to the ability to weld the component. 1.6. Pin Connections 1 VDD 3 OUT 2 GND Fig. 1–1: Pin configuration Micronas Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN 5 HAL549 DATA SHEET 2. Functional Description HAL549 The Hall effect sensor is a monolithic integrated circuit that switches in response to magnetic fields. If a magnetic field with flux lines perpendicular to the sensitive area is applied to the sensor, the biased Hall plate forces a Hall voltage proportional to this field. The Hall voltage is compared with the actual threshold level in the comparator. The temperature-dependent bias increases the supply voltage of the Hall plates and adjusts the switching points to the decreasing induction of magnets at higher temperatures. If the magnetic field exceeds the threshold levels, the open drain output switches to the appropriate state. The built-in hysteresis eliminates oscillation and provides switching behavior of output without bouncing. Magnetic offset caused by mechanical stress is compensated for by using the “switching offset compensation technique”. Therefore, an internal oscillator provides a two phase clock. The Hall voltage is sampled at the end of the first phase. At the end of the second phase, both sampled and actual Hall voltages are averaged and compared with the actual switching point. Subsequently, the open drain output switches to the appropriate state. The time from crossing the magnetic switching level to switching of output can vary between zero and 1/fosc. Shunt protection devices clamp voltage peaks at the output pin and VDD-pin together with external series resistors. Reverse current is limited at the VDD-pin by an internal series resistor up to −15 V. No external reverse protection diode is needed at the VDD-pin for reverse voltages ranging from 0 V to −15 V. A built-in reset-circuit clamps the output to the “low” state (reset state) during power-on or when the supply voltage drops below a reset voltage of Vreset < 4.3 V. For supply voltages between Vreset and 4.3 V, the output state of the device responds to the magnetic field. For supply voltages above 4.3 V, the device works according to the specified characteristics. The output state is not defined for VDD < 3 V. 6 VDD 1 Reverse Voltage & Overvoltage Protection Temperature Dependent Bias Hall Plate Hysteresis Control Power-on & Undervoltage Reset Short Circuit & Overvoltage Protection Comparator Switch OUT Output 3 Clock GND 2 Fig. 2–1: HAL549 block diagram fosc t B BON t VOUT VOH VOL t IDD 1/fosc = 9 μs tf t Fig. 2–2: Timing diagram Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN Micronas HAL549 DATA SHEET 3. Specifications 3.1. Outline Dimensions Fig. 3–1: SOT89B-1: Plastic Small Outline Transistor package, 4 leads Ordering code: SF Weight approximately 0.034 g Micronas Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN 7 HAL549 DATA SHEET Fig. 3–2: TO92UA-2: Plastic Transistor Standard UA package, 3 leads, not spread Weight approximately 0.106 g 8 Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN Micronas HAL549 DATA SHEET Fig. 3–3: TO92UA-1: Plastic Transistor Standard UA package, 3 leads, spread Weight approximately 0.106 g Micronas Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN 9 HAL549 DATA SHEET Fig. 3–4: TO92UA/UT-2: Dimensions ammopack inline, not spread 10 Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN Micronas HAL549 DATA SHEET Fig. 3–5: TO92UA/UT: Dimensions ammopack inline, spread Micronas Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN 11 HAL549 DATA SHEET 3.2. Dimensions of Sensitive Area 0.25 mm × 0.12 mm 3.3. Positions of Sensitive Areas SOT89B-1 TO92UA-1/-2 x center of the package center of the package y 0.95 mm nominal 1.0 mm nominal A4 0.3 mm nominal – Bd 0.2 mm – 3.4. Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond those listed in the “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only. Functional operation of the device at these conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods will affect device reliability. This device contains circuitry to protect the inputs and outputs against damage due to high static voltages or electric fields; however, it is advised that normal precautions be taken to avoid application of any voltage higher than absolute maximum-rated voltages to this high-impedance circuit. All voltages listed are referenced to ground (GND). Symbol Parameter Pin No. Min. Max. Unit VDD Supply Voltage 1 −15 281) V VO Output Voltage 3 −0.3 281) V IO Continuous Output On Current 3 − 501) mA TJ Junction Temperature Range −40 −40 150 1702) °C 1) 2) as long as TJmax is not exceeded t < 1000h 3.4.1. Storage and Shelf Life The permissible storage time (shelf life) of the sensors is unlimited, provided the sensors are stored at a maximum of 30 °C and a maximum of 85% relative humidity. At these conditions, no Dry Pack is required. Solderability is guaranteed for one year from the date code on the package. 12 Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN Micronas HAL549 DATA SHEET 3.5. Recommended Operating Conditions Functional operation of the device beyond those indicated in the “Recommended Operating Conditions” of this specification is not implied, may result in unpredictable behavior of the device and may reduce reliability and lifetime. All voltages listed are referenced to ground (GND). Symbol Parameter Pin No. Min. Max. Unit VDD Supply Voltage 1 4.3 24 V IO Continuous Output On Current 3 0 20 mA VO Output Voltage (output switched off) 3 0 24 V Micronas Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN 13 HAL549 DATA SHEET 3.6. Characteristics at TJ = −40 °C to +140 °C, VDD = 4.3 V to 24 V, GND = 0 V, at Recommended Operation Conditions if not otherwise specified in the column “Conditions”. Typical Characteristics for TJ = 25 °C and VDD = 12 V. Symbol Parameter Pin No. Min. Typ. Max. Unit Conditions IDD Supply Current 1 2.3 3 4.2 mA TJ = 25 °C IDD Supply Current over Temperature Range 1 1.6 3 5.2 mA VDDZ Overvoltage Protection at Supply 1 − 28.5 32 V IDD = 25 mA, TJ = 25 °C, t = 20 ms VOZ Overvoltage Protection at Output 3 − 28 32 V IOH = 25 mA, TJ = 25 °C, t = 20 ms VOL Output Voltage over Temperature Range 3 − 130 4001) mV IOL = 20 mA IOH Output Leakage Current over Temperature Range 3 − − 10 μA Output switched off, TJ ≤140 °C, VOH = 4.3 to 24 V fosc Internal Oscillator Chopper Frequency over Temperature Range − − 62 − kHz Vreset Reset Voltage 1 − 3.8 − V ten(O) Enable Time of Output after Setting of VDD 1 − 70 − μs VDD = 12 V2) tr Output Rise Time 3 − 75 400 ns tf Output Fall Time 3 − 50 400 ns VDD = 12 V, RL = 820 Ω, CL = 20 pF SOT89B Package Thermal Resistance Rthja Junction to Ambient − − − 2093) K/W Rthjc Junction to Case − − − 563) K/W Rthjs Junction to Solder Point − − − 824) K/W 30 mm x 10 mm x 1.5 mm, pad size (see Fig. 3–6) TO92UA Package Thermal Resistance Rthja Junction to Ambient − − − 2463) K/W Rthjc Junction to Case − − − 703) K/W Rthjs Junction to Solder Point − − − 1274) K/W 1) For supply voltage below 4.3 V, the output 2) B > B ON + 2 mT or B < BOFF − 2 mT 3) Measured with a 1s0p board 4) Measured with a 1s1p board 14 low voltage will increase and will be higher than 400 mV Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN Micronas HAL549 DATA SHEET 1.80 1.05 1.45 2.90 1.05 0.50 1.50 Fig. 3–6: Recommended pad size SOT89B-1 Dimensions in mm Micronas Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN 15 HAL549 DATA SHEET mA 25 mA 5 HAL 549 HAL 549 20 IDD IDD TA = –40 °C 15 4 TA = 25 °C VDD = 24 V VDD = 12 V TA=140 °C 10 3 5 2 0 VDD = 3.8 V –5 1 –10 –15 –15–10 –5 0 0 –50 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 V 0 50 100 VDD 200 °C TA Fig. 3–7: Typical supply current versus supply voltage mA 5.0 150 Fig. 3–9: Typical supply current versus ambient temperature kHz 100 HAL 549 4.5 HAL 549 90 IDD 4.0 fosc TA = –40 °C 3.5 80 VDD = 3.8 V 70 TA = 25 °C 3.0 60 TA = 100 °C 2.5 50 VDD = 4.5 V...24 V TA = 140 °C 2.0 40 1.5 30 1.0 20 0.5 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 –50 8 V VDD Fig. 3–8: Typical supply current versus supply voltage 16 0 50 100 150 200 °C TA Fig. 3–10: Typ. internal chopper frequency versus ambient temperature Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN Micronas HAL549 DATA SHEET kHz 100 mV 350 HAL 549 HAL 549 IO = 20 mA 90 300 fosc 80 VOL 250 70 TA = 25 °C 60 TA = –40 °C 50 200 TA = 100 °C 150 TA = 25 °C TA = 140 °C 40 30 TA = –40 °C 100 20 50 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 30 V 0 5 10 15 20 VDD 30 V VDD Fig. 3–11: Typ. internal chopper frequency versus supply voltage kHz 100 25 Fig. 3–13: Typical output low voltage versus supply voltage mV 400 HAL 549 HAL 549 IO = 20 mA 90 fosc VDD = 3.8 V VOL 80 300 VDD = 4.5 V 70 TA = 25 °C 60 TA = –40 °C 50 TA = 140 °C VDD = 24 V 200 40 30 100 20 10 0 3 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 0 –50 6.0 V VDD 50 100 150 200 °C TA Fig. 3–12: Typ. internal chopper frequency versus supply voltage Micronas 0 Fig. 3–14: Typical output low voltage versus ambient temperature Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN 17 HAL549 DATA SHEET μA 104 dBμA 30 HAL 549 HAL 549 VDD = 12 V TA = 25 °C Quasi-PeakMeasurement 103 IOH 102 101 IDD TA = 150 °C 20 max. spurious signals 10 100 10–1 TA = 100 °C 0 10–2 10–3 10–4 TA = 25 °C –10 TA = –40 °C –20 10–5 10–6 15 20 25 30 –30 0.01 35 V 0.10 1.00 1 f VOH Fig. 3–15: Typ. output high current versus output voltage μA Fig. 3–17: Typ. spectrum of supply current dBμV 80 HAL 549 102 HAL 549 VP = 12 V TA = 25 °C Quasi-PeakMeasurement test circuit 2 70 101 IOH 10.00 100.00 10 100 1000.00 1000 MHz VDD VOH = 24 V 60 100 50 max. spurious signals 10–1 40 VOH = 3.8 V 10–2 30 10–3 20 10–4 10–5 –50 10 0 50 100 150 0 0.01 200 °C 1.00 1 10.00 100.00 10 100 1000.00 1000 MHz f TA Fig. 3–16: Typical output leakage current versus ambient temperature 18 0.10 Fig. 3–18: Typ. spectrum of supply voltage Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN Micronas HAL549 DATA SHEET 4. Type Description Applications 4.1. HAL549 The HAL549 is the optimal sensor for all applications with one magnetic polarity and weak magnetic amplitude at the sensor position such as: The HAL549 is a very sensitive unipolar switching sensor only sensitive to the magnetic north polarity (see Fig. 4–1). – solid state switches, – contactless solution to replace micro switches, The output turns low with the magnetic north pole on the branded side of the package and turns high if the magnetic field is removed. The sensor does not respond to the magnetic south pole. – position and end point detection, and – rotating speed measurement. For correct functioning in the application, the sensor requires only the magnetic north pole on the branded side of the package. Output Voltage VO BHYS Magnetic Features: – switching type: unipolar VOL – high sensitivity BON – typical BON: −5.5 mT at room temperature BOFF B 0 Fig. 4–1: Definition of magnetic switching points for the HAL549 – typical BOFF: −3.6 mT at room temperature – operates with static magnetic fields and dynamic magnetic fields up to 10 kHz – typical temperature coefficient of magnetic switching points is −1000 ppm/K Magnetic Characteristics at TJ = −40 °C to +140 °C, VDD = 4.3 V to 24 V, Typical Characteristics for VDD = 12 V Magnetic flux density values of switching points. Positive flux density values refer to the magnetic south pole at the branded side of the package. Parameter On point BON Off point BOFF Hysteresis BHYS Magnetic Offset Unit TJ Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. −40 °C −7.7 −5.9 −4.3 −5.4 −3.8 −2.1 1.6 2.1 2.8 − −4.8 − mT 25 °C −7.2 −5.5 −3.8 −5 −3.6 −2 1.5 1.9 2.7 − −4.5 − mT 100 °C −6.7 −5 −3.4 −4.9 −3.3 −1.9 1.2 1.7 2.6 − −4.2 − mT 140 °C −7 −4.8 −3.0 −5.3 −3.1 −1.7 1 1.7 2.6 − −4 − mT The hysteresis is the difference between the switching points BHYS = BON − BOFF The magnetic offset is the mean value of the switching points BOFFSET = (BON + BOFF) / 2 Micronas Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN 19 HAL549 DATA SHEET mT 0 HAL 549 TA = –40 °C TA = 25 °C BON –1 BOFF –2 mT 0 TA = 100 °C BON –1 BOFF TA = 140 °C –2 HAL 549 VDD = 4.3 V...24 V BONmax –3 –3 BONtyp BON –4 –4 –5 –5 BOFFmax BONmin BOFF –6 –6 –7 –7 –8 BOFFtyp BOFFmin 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 V –8 –50 0 50 100 150 200 °C TA, TJ VDD Fig. 4–2: Typ. magnetic switching points versus supply voltage Fig. 4–3: Magnetic switching points versus temperature Note: In the diagram “Magnetic switching points versus ambient temperature”, the curves for BONmin, BONmax, BOFFmin, and BOFFmax refer to junction temperature, whereas typical curves refer to ambient temperature. 20 Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN Micronas HAL549 DATA SHEET 5. Application Notes 5.3. Start-Up Behavior 5.1. Ambient Temperature Due to the active offset compensation, the sensors have an initialization time (enable time ten(O)) after applying the supply voltage. The parameter ten(O) is specified in the Characteristics (see Section 3.5. on page 13). Due to the internal power dissipation, the temperature on the silicon chip (junction temperature TJ) is higher than the temperature outside the package (ambient temperature TA). T J = T A + ΔT At static conditions and continuous operation, the following equation applies: ΔT = IDD × VDD × R th The initialization time consists of two parts: internal power-up time and internal initialization time. During the internal power-up time (some μsec.), the output state may change. After the internal power-up time and with a supply voltage higher than 3 V, the output state for HAL549 is “On-state”. After ten(O), the output will be high. The output will be switched to low if the applied magnetic field “B” is below BON. 5.4. EMC and ESD If IOUT > IDD, please contact Micronas application support for detailed instructions on calculating ambienttemperature. For typical values, use the typical parameters. For worst case calculation, use the max. parameters for IDD and Rth, and the max. value for VDD from the application. For all sensors, the junction temperature range TJ is specified. The maximum ambient temperature TAmax can be calculated as: For applications with disturbances on the supply line or radiated disturbances, a series resistor and a capacitor are recommended (see Fig. 5–1). The series resistor and the capacitor should be placed as closely as possible to the Hall sensor. Applications with this arrangement passed the EMC tests according to the international standard ISO 7637. Please contact Micronas for the detailed investigation reports with the EMC and ESD results. RV 220 Ω T Amax = T Jmax – ΔT 1 VEMC VP 3 4.7 nF Supply Voltage Below 4.3 V 1.2 kΩ OUT 5.2. Extended Operating Conditions All sensors fulfill the electrical and magnetic characteristics when operated within the Recommended Operating Conditions (see Section 3.5. on page 13). RL VDD 20 pF 2 GND Fig. 5–1: Test circuit for EMC investigations The devices contain a Power-on Reset (POR) and an undervoltage reset. For 3 V < VDD < Vreset < 4.3 V, the output state is “low” (reset state). For VDD < 3 V, the output state is not defined. Micronas Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN 21 HAL549 DATA SHEET 6. Data Sheet History 1. Data Sheet “HAL549 Hall Effect Sensor with Undervoltage Reset”, May 27, 2004, 6251-611-1DS. First release of the data sheet. 2. Data Sheet: “HAL549 Hall Effect Sensor with Undervoltage Reset”, Dec. 10, 2007, DSH000022_002EN. Second release of the data sheet. Major changes: – Outline dimensions for SOT89B and TO92UA updated – Position parameters for sensitive areas in SOT89B package added – Pad size dimensions SOT89B updated – Section “Ambient Temperature” updated 3. Data Sheet: “HAL549 Hall-Effect Sensor with Undervoltage Reset”, Jan. 30, 2009, DSH000022_003EN. Third release of the data sheet. Major changes: – Section 1.5. “Solderability and Welding” updated Micronas GmbH Hans-Bunte-Strasse 19 ⋅ D-79108 Freiburg ⋅ P.O. Box 840 ⋅ D-79008 Freiburg, Germany Tel. +49-761-517-0 ⋅ Fax +49-761-517-2174 ⋅ E-mail: [email protected] ⋅ Internet: www.micronas.com 22 Jan. 30, 2009; DSH000022_003EN Micronas