L9942 Integrated stepper motor driver for bipolar stepper motors with microstepping and programmable current profile PRELIMINARY DATA Features ■ Two full bridges for max. 1.3 A load (RDSON = 500 mΩ) ■ Programmable current waveform with look-up table: 9 entries with 5bit resolution ■ Current regulation by integrated PWM controller and internal current sensing ■ Programmable stepping mode: Full, Half, Mini and Microstepping ■ Programmable slew rate for EMC and power dissipation optimisation ■ Programmable Fast-, Slow-, Mixed-and AutoDecay Mode ■ Full-Scale Current programmable with 3bit resolution ■ Very low current consumption in standby mode IS < 3µA, typ. Tj ≤ 85 °C ■ All outputs short circuit protected with Openload, Overloadcurrent, Temperature Warning and Thermal Shutdown ■ The PWM signal of the internal PWM controller is available as digital output. ■ All parameters guaranteed for 7V < Vs < 20V Applications PowerSSO-24 Description The device is an integrated stepper motor driver for bipolar stepper motors with microstepping and programmable current profile look-up-table to allow a flexible adaptation of the stepper motor characteristics and intended operating conditions. It is possible to use different current profiles depending on target criteria: audible noise, vibrations, rotation speed or torque. The decay mode used in PWM-current control circuit can be programmed to slow-, fast-, mixed-and autodecay. In autodecay mode device will use slow decay mode if the current for the next step will increase and the fast decay or mixed decay mode if the current will decrease. Stepper Motor Driver for bipolar Stepper Motors in Automotive Applications like Light Levelling, Bending Light and Throttle Control. Order codes Part number Junction Temp range, °C Package Packing L9942 -40 to 150 PowerSSO-24 Tube November 2005 This is preliminary information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. Details are subject to change without notice. Rev 1 1/37 www.st.com 37 L9942 Contents 1 Block diagram and Pin information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 Device description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 4 2/37 2.1 Dual Power Supply: VS and VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2 Standby-Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3 Diagnostic Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.4 Over-voltage and Under-voltage Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.5 Temperature Warning and Thermal Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.6 Inductive Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.7 Cross-current protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.8 PWM Current Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.9 Decay modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.10 Over Current Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.11 Open Load Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.12 Stepping Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.13 Decay Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.1 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.2 ESD Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.3 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.4 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.4.1 Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.4.2 Over- and undervoltage detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.4.3 Reference Current Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.4.4 Charge Pump Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.4.5 Outputs: Qxn (x=A;B n=1;2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.4.6 Outputs: Qxn (x=A;B n=1;2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.4.7 PWM Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Functional Description of the Logic with SPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.1 Motor Stepping Clock Input( STEP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.2 PWM Output (PWM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 L9942 5 6 7 4.3 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.4 Chip Select Not (CSN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.5 Serial Data In (DI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.6 Serial Data Out (DO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.7 Serial Clock (CLK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.8 Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 SPI - Control and Status Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.1 Control Register 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.2 Control Register 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.3 Counter and Profiles Register 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.4 Signal and Profile Register 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.5 Counter and Profile (Register 4 and Register 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.6 Control, Status and Profile Register 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.7 Status Register7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5.8 Auxiliary logic blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5.8.1 Fault Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5.8.2 SPI communication monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.8.3 PWM monitoring for stall detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Logic with SPI - Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 6.1 Inputs: CSN, CLK, STEP, EN and DI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 6.2 DI timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 6.3 Outputs: DO, PWM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6.4 Output: DO timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6.5 CSN timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6.6 STEP timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7.1 Stall Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7.2 Load Current Control and Detection of Overcurrent (Shortages at Outputs) 31 8 Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 9 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3/37 L9942 1 Block diagram and Pin information 1 Block diagram and Pin information Figure 1. Block diagram VBAT ReversePolarityProtection VCC CP Charge Pump Oscillator STEP QA1 Diagnostic SPI + Register + Logic Phase Counter+Current Profile ⇓ PWM Current DAC EN PWM µC VS DO DI CLK CSN Gate-Driver & PWM-Controller Note: value of capacitor has to be choosen carefully to limit the VS voltage below absolute maximum ratings in case of an unexpected freewheeling condition (e.g. TSD, POR) QA2 Stepper Motor QB1 Gate-Driver & PWM-Controller Diagnostic QB2 U/IConverter Biasing GND RREF GNDP GND Figure 2. Pin connection (Top view) PGND 1 Power SSO24 23 QA2 QA1 2 VS 3 22 VS CLK 4 21 EN 20 RREF DI 5 CSN 6 DO 7 Slugdown 19 VCC 18 TEST PWM 8 17 GND STEP 9 16 CP VS 10 15 VS 14 QB2 QB1 11 13 PGND PGND 12 All pins with the same name must be externally connected! All pins PGND are internally connected to the heat slug. 4/37 24 PGND L9942 1 Block diagram and Pin information Table 1. Pin Description Pin Symbol 1, 12, 13, 24 PGND 3, 10, 15, 22 VS Function Power ground: All pins PGND are internally connected to the heat slug. Important: All pins of PGND must be externally connected! Power supply voltage (external reverse protection required): For EMI reason a ceramic capacitor as close as possible to PGND is recommended. Important: All pins of VS must be externally connected ! 2, 23 Fullbridge-outputs An: The output is built by a highside and a lowside switch, which are internally connected. The output stage of both switches is a power QA1,QA2 DMOS transistor. Each driver has an internal reverse diode (bulk-drain-diode: highside driver from output to VS, lowside driver from PGND to output). This output is over-current protected. 11, 14 Fullbridge-outputs Bn: The output is built by a highside and a lowside switch, which are internally connected. The output stage of both switches is a power QB1,QB2 DMOS transistor. Each driver has an internal reverse diode (bulk-drain-diode: highside driver from output to VS, lowside driver from PGND to output). This output is over-current protected. 4 CLK SPI clock input: The input requires CMOS logic levels. The CLK input has a pull-down current. It controls the internal shift register of the SPI. 5 DI Serial data input: The input requires CMOS logic levels. The DI input has a pull-down current. It receives serial data from the microcontroller. The data is a 16bit control word and the least significant bit (LSB, bit 0) is transferred first. 6 CSN Chip Select Not input The input requires CMOS logic levels. The CSN input has a pull-up current. The serial data transfer between device and micro controller is enabled by pulling the input CSN to low level. 7 DO SPI data output: The diagnosis data is available via the SPI and it is a tristateoutput. The output is CMOS compatible will remain highly resistive, if the chip is not selected by the input CSN (CSN = high) 8 PWM PWM output This CMOS compatible output reflects the current duty cycle of the internal PWM controller of bridge A. It is an high resistance output until VCC has reached minimum voltage ore can switched off via the SPI command. 9 STEP Step clock input: The input requires CMOS logic levels. The STEP input has a pull-down current. It is clock of up and down counter of control register 0. Rising edge starts new PWM cycle to drive motor in next position. 16 CP 17 GND Ground: Reference potential besides power ground e.g. for reference resistor RREF. From this pin exist a resistive path via substrate to PGND. 18 TEST Test input The TEST input has a pull-down current. Pin used for production test only. In the application it must be connected to GND. 19 VCC Logic supply voltage: For this input a ceramic capacitor as close as possible to GND is recommended. RREF Reference Resistor The reference resistor is used to generate a temperature stable reference current used for current control and internal oscillator. At this output a voltage of about 1.28V is present. The resistor should be chosen that a current of about 200uA will flow through the resistor. EN Enable input: The input requires CMOS logic levels. The EN input has a pulldown resistor. In standby-mode outputs will be switched off and all registers will be cleared. If EN is set to a logic high level then the device will enter the active mode. 20 21 Charge Pump Output: A ceramic capacitor (e.g.100 nF) to VS can be connected to this pin to buffer the charge-pump voltage. 5/37 2 Device description 2 Device description 2.1 Dual Power Supply: VS and VCC L9942 The power supply voltage VS supplies the half bridges. An internal charge-pump is used to drive the highside switches. The logic supply voltage VCC (stabilized) is used for the logic part and the SPI of the device. Due to the independent logic supply voltage the control and status information will not be lost, if there are temporary spikes or glitches on the power supply voltage. In case of power-on (VCC increases from under voltage to VPOR OFF = 2.60 V, typical) the circuit is initialized by an internally generated power-on-reset (POR). If the voltage VCC decreases under the minimum threshold (VPOR ON = 2.45 V, typical), the outputs are switched to tristate (high impedance) and the internal registers are cleared. 2.2 Standby-Mode The EN input has a pull-down resistor. The device is in standby mode if EN input isn't set to a logic high level. All latched data will be cleared and the inputs and outputs are switched to high impedance. In the standby mode the current at VS (VCC) is less than 3 µA (1µA) for CSN = high (DO in tristate). If EN is set to a logic high level then the device will enter the active mode. In the active mode the chargepump and the supervisor functions are activated. 2.3 Diagnostic Functions All diagnostic functions (overload/-current, open load, power supply over-/undervoltage, temperature warning and thermal shutdown) are internally filtered (tGL = 32µs, typical) and the condition has to be valid for a minimum time before the corresponding status bit in the status registers will be set. The filters are used to improve the noise immunity of the device. Open load and temperature warning function are intended for information purpose and will not change the state of the bridge drivers. On contrary, the overload/-current and thermal shutdown condition will disable the corresponding driver (overload/-current) or all drivers (thermal shutdown), respectively. The microcontroller has to clear the status bit to reactivate the bridge driver. 2.4 Over-voltage and Under-voltage Detection If the power supply voltage VS rises above the over-voltage threshold VSOV OFF (typical 20 V), the outputs are switched to high impedance state to protect the load. When the voltage VS drops below the undervoltage threshold VSUV OFF (UV-switch-OFF voltage), the output stages are switched to the high impedance to avoid the operation of the power devices without sufficient gate driving voltage (increased power dissipation). Error condition is lached and the microcontroller needs to clear the status bits to reactivate the drivers. 2.5 Temperature Warning and Thermal Shutdown If junction temperature rises above Tj TW a temperature warning flag is set which is detectable via the SPI. If junction temperature increases above the second threshold Tj SD, the thermal shutdown bit will be set and power DMOS transistors of all output stages are switched off to 6/37 L9942 2 Device description protect the device. In order to reactivate the output stages the junction temperature must decrease below Tj SD -Tj SD HYS and the thermal shutdown bit has to be cleared by the microcontroller. 2.6 Inductive Loads Each half bridge is built by an internally connected highside and a lowside power DMOS transistor. Due to the built-in reverse diodes of the output transistors, inductive loads can be driven without external free-wheeling diodes. In order to reduce the power dissipation during free-wheeling condition the PWMcontroller will switch-on the output transistor parallel to the freewheeling diode (synchronous rectification). 2.7 Cross-current protection The four half-brides of the device are cross-current protected by an internal delay time depending on the programmed slew rate. If one driver (LS or HS) is turned-off then activation of the other driver of the same half bridge will be automatically delayed by the cross-current protection time . 2.8 PWM Current Regulation An internal current monitor output of each high-side and low-side transistor sources a current image which has a fixed ratio of the instantaneous load current. This current images are compared with the current limit in PWM control. Range of limit can reach from programmed full scale value (register1 DAC Scale) down belonging LSB value of 5 bit DAC (register1 DAC Phase x). The data of the two 5 bit DACs comes form set up in 9 current profiles (register2 to 6). If signal changes to logic high at pin STEP then 2 currentprofiles are moved in register1 for DAC Phase A and B. Number of profile depends on phase counter reading and direction bit in register0 (Figure 7). The bridges are switched on until the load current sensed at HS switch exceeds the limit . Load current comparator signal is used to detect open load or overcurrent condition also. 2.9 Decay modes During off-time the device will use one of several decay modes programmable by SPI (Figure 4 top). In slow decay mode HS switches are activated after cross current protection time for synchronous rectification to reduce the power dissipation (Figure 4 detail A). In fast decay opposite halfbridge will switched on after cross current protection time, that is same like change in the direction. For mixed decay the duration of fast decay period before slow decay can be set to a fixed time (Figure 4 detail B continuous line ) or is triggered by under-run of the load current limit (Figure 4 detail B dashed line), that can be detected at LS switch. The special mode where the actual phase counter value is taken into account to select the decay mode is called auto decay (e.g. in Figure 3 Micro Stepping DIR=1). If the absolute value of the current limit is higher as during step before then PWM control uses slow decay mode always. Otherwise one of the fast decay modes is automatic selected for a quick decrease of the load current and so it obtains new lower target value. 7/37 L9942 2 Device description 2.10 Over Current Detection The overcurrent detection circuit monitors the load current in each activated output stage. In HS stage it is in function after detection of currentlimit during PWM cycle and in LS stage it works permanently. If the load current exceeds the overcurrent detection threshold for at least tISC = 4 µs, the over-current flag is set and the corresponding driver is switched off to reduce the power dissipation and to protect the integrated circuit. Error condition is lached and the microcontroller needs to clear the status bits to reactivate the drivers. 2.11 Open Load Detection The open load detection monitors the activity time of the PWM controller and is available for each phase. If the limit of load current is below around 100mA then open load condition is detectable. Open load bit for a bridge is set in the register6 if this low current limit can't reached after at least 15 consecutive PWM cycles. Table 2. Truth table DC2 DC1 DC0 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 max. IOL 0 0 0 0 x x x x 48mA 0 0 1 0 x x x x 72mA 0 1 0 0 0 x x x 56mA 1 1 0 0 0 x x x 90mA 1 0 0 0 0 0 x x 58mA 1 0 1 0 0 0 x x 87mA 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 42mA 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 48mA Truth table shows possible profiles for active open load detection. Maximum threshold IOL is shown in left column if x bits are 1 (see also Figure 7). Lowest possible limit is e.g. 3.1 mA for DC2=DC1=DC0=0 and it is set only I0=1. 2.12 Stepping Modes One full revolution can consist of four full steps, eight half steps, sixteen mini steps or 32 microsteps. Mode is set up in register 0 and it defines increment size of phase counter. Phase counter value defines address of corresponding currentprofile. Stepping modes with typical profile values can see in Figure 3 (e.g. also so called 'Two Phase On' shown in dashed line). 8/37 L9942 2 Device description Figure 3. Stepping Modes Full-Stepping Mode: DIR=0 0 8 Full-Stepping Mode: DIR=1 16 Phase Counter 24 24 16 8 0 0 Current Driver A Current Driver A 0 8 Address of Current Profile Entry 8 0 8 0 8 Current Driver B Current Driver B 8 0 8 Address of Current Profile Entry 0 8 0 8 STEP Signal STEP Signal Half-Stepping Mode: DIR=0 0 4 8 12 16 20 Half-Stepping Mode: DIR=1 24 Phase Counter 28 0 28 24 20 Current Driver A 0 4 8 8 4 0 4 0 8 4 8 4 Address of Current Profile Entry 0 4 8 4 0 4 Address of Current Profile Entry 8 4 0 4 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2 4 6 8 6 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 2 0 6 8 28 30 Phase Counter 0 30 28 26 2 4 24 22 6 8 6 4 2 Adress of Current Profile Entry 0 2 4 6 8 6 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 Adress of Current Profile Entry 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 8 4 0 4 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Mixed Decay Mode 2 4 6 8 6 4 2 4 6 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 0 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Slow Decay Mode Adress of Current Profile Entry Slow Decay Mode 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mixed Decay Mode 0 Current Driver A Mixed Decay Mode 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Current Driver B 2 Micro Stepping Mode: DIR=1 (e.g. auto decay) Phase Counter Current Driver A Slow Decay Mode 4 STEP Signal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Slow Decay Mode 8 Current Driver B Micro Stepping Mode: DIR=0 (e.g auto decay) Mixed Decay Mode 4 Current Driver A STEP Signal Slow Decay Mode 0 4 Current Driver B 4 4 Mini-Stepping Mode: DIR=1 26 Current Driver A 0 8 STEP Signal Mini-Stepping Mode: DIR=0 2 12 Driver Current B STEP Signal 0 16 Driver Current A Current Driver B 4 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Slow Decay Mode Mixed Decay Mode Adress of Current Profile Entry Mixed Decay Mode Current Driver B Mixed Decay Mode Slow Decay Mode 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Slow Decay Mode Mixed Decay Mode 9/37 L9942 2 Device description 2.13 Decay Modes Figure 4. Decay Modes Load Current ON SLOW DECAY FAST DECAY MIXED DECAY VS VS on on A VS on on on on B VS VS on on on Time Internal PWM_CLK Detail A: SWITCH ON AND SLOW DECAY Step Limit HS ON TB TCC TFT TCC TB register0 DM2 DM1 DM0 0 0 0 TCC SLOW DECAY T FT fast decay fast decay Load Current MODE slow VS Time Fast decay is caused by current through internal diodes during cross current protection time. OFF OFF OFF Filter time for the purpose of switch off delay in on mode is set by FT register6 Cross current protection time is set by SR1 SR0 register0 Blank time of load current comparator TB=TCC Detail B: MIXED DECAY register0 DM2 DM1 DM0 MODE CURVE X X X Load Current TCC Step Limit LS TFT FAST DECAY Tmc 0 1 1 1 0 1 T MD1 T MD2 T mc Load Current TCC SLOW DECAY after current undershoot T mc>= T FT + 2TCC TCC FAST DECAY T MDx= TMD1 or T MD2 T MDx SLOW DECAY with delay TCC Time TFT Filter time for purpose of delay when decay mode has to change after limit under-run TMD When limit is reached so fast decay duration time is set by DM1 DM2 register0 10/37 OFF Time L9942 3 Electrical specifications 3 Electrical specifications 3.1 Absolute maximum ratings Table 3. Absolute maximum ratings Symbol Parameter VS Value Unit -0.3...28 V 40 V -0.3 to 5.5 V -0.3 to VCC + 0.3 V -0.3 to VCC + 0.3 V DC supply voltage single pulse tmax < 400 ms VCC stabilized supply voltage, logic supply VDI,VDO, VCLK VCSN, VSTEP VEN VRREF digital input / output voltage current reference resistor VCP charge pump output -0.3 to VS + 11 V VQxn (x=A;B n=1;2) output voltage -0.3 to VS + 0.3 V IQxn (x=A;B n=1;2) output current ±2.5 A Note: Leaving the limitation of any of these values may cause an irreversible damage of the integrated circuit ! 3.2 ESD Protection Table 4. ESD Protection Parameter Value Unit All pins ±2 1 kV output pins: Qxn (x=A;B n=1;2) ±4 2 kV Value Unit -40 to 150 °C Note: 1 HBM according to MIL 883C, Method 3015.7 or EIA/JESD22-A114-A 2 HBM with all unzapped pins grounded 3.3 Thermal data Table 5. Symbol Tj Operating junction temperature Parameter operating junction temperature 11/37 L9942 3 Electrical specifications Table 6. Temperature warning and thermal shutdown Symbol Parameter TjTW ON temperature warning threshold junction temperature TjTW OFF temperature warning threshold junction temperature TjSD ON thermal shutdown thresholdjunction temperature TjSD OFF thermal shutdown threshold junction temperature TjSD HYS thermal shutdown hysteresis Figure 5. Thermal data of package Min. Typ. Tj increasing Max. Unit 150 °C 130 °C 170 150 °C °C 5 K Note: 1s 1 signal layer 2s2p 2 signal layers 2 internal planes 12/37 L9942 3 Electrical specifications 3.4 Electrical characteristics 3.4.1 Supply VS = 7 to 16V, VCC = 3.0 to 5.3 V, Tj = -40 to 150 °C, IREF = -200 µA , unless otherwise specified. The voltages are referred to GND and currents are assumed positive, when the current flows into the pin. Table 7. Symbol Supply Parameter VS DC supply current in active mode VS = 13.5 V, EN=VCC outputs floating VS quiescent supply current Tj = -40 °C VS = 13.5 V, TEST, to 25°C EN = 0V outputs floating Tj = 125 °C IS ICC ICC Test Condition VCC DC supply current in active mode VCC quescent suppy current Min. Typ. Max. Unit 7 20 mA 3 10 µA 6 20 VCC = 5.0 V EN=VCC, DI=CLK=STEP=0V 1 3 mA VCC = 5.0 V TEST; Tj = -40 °C EN = 0V; CSN = VCC no clocks to 25°C outputs floating 1 3 µA CSN=VCC no clocks outputs floating Tj = 125 °C 2 6 µA VS = 13.5 V, VCC = Tj = -40 °C 5.0 V to 25°C 4 13 IS + ICC TEST; EN=0V CSN=VCC no Sum quiescent supply current clocks outputs floating tsetPOR 1 VCC on set up time µA Tj = 125 °C EN = 5V, CSN=CLK=0V DO changes from high ohmic to logic level LOW 8 2 26 µs Note: 1 This parameter is guaranteed by design. 13/37 L9942 3 Electrical specifications 3.4.2 Over- and undervoltage detection VS = 7 to 20 V, VCC = 3.0 to 5.3 V, EN=VCC, Tj = -40 to 150 °C, IREF = -200 µA, unless otherwise specified. The voltages are referred to GND and currents are assumed positive, when the current flows into the pin. Table 8. Over- and undervoltage detection . Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. VSUV ON VS UV-threshold voltage VS increasing VSUV OFF VS UV-threshold voltage VS decreasing VSUV hyst VS UV-hysteresis VSUV ON -VSUV OFF VSOV OFF VS OV-threshold voltage VS increasing VSOV ON VS OV-threshold voltage VS decreasing VSOV hyst VS OV-hysteresis VSOV OFF -VSOV ON 0.5 VPOR OFF power-on-reset threshold VCC increasing 2.6 VPOR ON power-on-reset threshold VCC decreasing VPOR hyst power-on-reset hysteresis VPOR OFF -VPOR ON Figure 6. Unit 6.90 V 4.8 V 0.3 V 25 V 20 2.00 V V 2.9 V 2.3 V 0.11 V VS Monitoring Register 7 OV Register 7 UV 1 1 0 0 VS VS VSUV OFF 3.4.3 Max. VSOV ON VSUV ON VSOV OFF Reference Current Output VS = 7 to 20 V, VCC = 3.0 to 5.3 V, EN=VCC, Tj = -40 to 150 °C, IREF = -200 µA, unless otherwise specified. The voltages are referred to GND and currents are assumed positive, when the current flows into the pin. Table 9. Reference Current Output Symbol Parameter VREF reference voltage range IREFshorted IREFopen Test Condition IREF = -200 µA Min. Typ. Max. Unit 1.05 1.25 1.45 V -250 µA reference current register6 bit7 RERR = 1 threshold shorted pin REF reference current threshold open pin REF register6 bit7 RERR = 1 -150 µA The device works properly without the external resistor at pin REF. In this case it doesn't have to fullfill all specified parameters. 14/37 L9942 3.4.4 3 Electrical specifications Charge Pump Output VS = 7 to 20 V, VCC = 3.0 to 5.3 V, EN=VCC, Tj = -40 to 150 °C, IREF = -200 µA, unless otherwise specified. The voltages are referred to GND and currents are assumed positive, when the current flows into the pin. Table 10. Charge Pump Output Symbol Parameter Test Condition VS=7V VCP charge pump output voltage VS=13.5V VS=20V Min. ICP= -100µA, all switches off at Qxn Typ. Max. Unit 11 20 V 20 35 V 30 40 V The ripple of voltage at CP can suppressed using a capicity of e.g.100nF. 3.4.5 Outputs: Qxn (x=A;B n=1;2) VS = 7 to 20 V, VCC = 3.0 to 5.3 V, EN=VCC, Tj = -40 to 150 °C, IREF = -200 µA, unless otherwise specified. The voltages are referred to GND and currents are assumed positive, when the current flows into the pin Table 11. Symbol Outputs: Qxn (x=A;B n=1;2) Parameter Test Condition Min. VS = 13.5 V, Tj = 25 °C, IQxn = -1.0A RDSON HS on-resistance Qxn to VS VS = 13.5 V, Tj = 125 °C, IQxn = -1.0 A VS = 7.0 V, Tj = 25 °C, IQxn = -1.0 A VS = 13.5 V, Tj = 25 °C, IQxn = + 1.0A RDSON LS on-resistance Qxn to PGND VS = 13.5 V, Tj = 125 °C, IQxn = + 1.0 A VS = 7.0 V, Tj = 25 °C, IQxn = + 1.0 A |IQxnOC | output overcurrent limitation to VS or PGND testmode exclusive of filtertime 4us (Chapter 2.10) 1.6 Typ. Max. Unit 500 700 mΩ 750 1000 mΩ 550 750 mΩ 500 700 mΩ 750 1000 mΩ 550 750 mΩ 2 A 15/37 L9942 3 Electrical specifications 3.4.6 Outputs: Qxn (x=A;B n=1;2) The comparator, which is monitoring current image of HS, is working during ON cycle of PWM control. If load current is higher as set value then the signal ILIMIT is generated and after filter time the bridge is switched off. Test mode gets access to signal ILIMIT and threshold of current can be measured. Table 12. Outputs: Qxn (x=A;B n=1;2) VS = 7 to 20 V, VCC = 3.0 to 5.3 V, EN=VCC, Tj = -40 to 150 °C, IREF = -200 µA, unless otherwise specified. The voltages are referred to GND and currents are assumed positive, when the current flows into the pin Symbol IQxnFS_HS IQxnLIM_HS Parameter Value of output current to supply VS ( so called full scale value)1 sourcing from HS switch Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. Bits: DC2 DC1 DC0=000 60 95 130 Bits: DC2 DC1 DC0=001 100 140 180 Bits: DC2 DC1 DC0=010 180 230 280 Bits: DC2 DC1 DC0=011 300 360 420 Bits: DC2 DC1 DC0=100 485 550 615 Bits: DC2 DC1 DC0=101 720 810 900 Bits: DC2 DC1 DC0=110 1000 1150 1300 Bits: DC2 DC1 DC0=111 1200 1350 1500 Unit mA Accuracy of micro steps current limit MIN2 MAX2 mA Note: 1 Current profile has to pre set with I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 = 11111 and load to register 1 . 2 MIN= 0.92 · IQxnLIM – 0.02 · |IQxnFS_HS | , MAX= 1.08 · IQxnLIM + 0.02 · |IQxnFS_HS | Output current limit IQxnLIM is product of full scale current |IQxnFS_ | ( bits DC2 DC1 DC0) and value of DAC PhaseA/B ( bits I4 I3 I2 I1 I0) in register1. Values of DAC Phase A and B can read out and depends on set up done before: 16/37 1. direction DIR , stepping mode ST1 ST0 and phase counter P4 P3 P2 P1 P0 in register 0 and 2. value of corresponding current profile (for address of current profile entry see also Figure 3). L9942 3 Electrical specifications Figure 7. Logic to Set Load Current Limit Register 0 UP/Down Count by 1,2,4,8 PhaseCounter P4 P3 P2 Decay Mode P1 DM2 P0 DM1 DM0 Slew Rate StepMode SR1 ST1 ST0 SR0 DIR STEP 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 A2 A1 A0 MUX A3 A2 MUX A1 MUX A0 Address Calculation Phase A Adr A3=0 A[3..0] Adr Phase B A3=1 neg(A[3..0]) Adr Current-Profile Table stored in register2, ...6 5 9 I4 I4 I3 I3 I2 I2 I1 I1 I0 I0 Profile 8 Profile 7 I0 Profile 6 I1 I0 Profile 5 I2 I1 I0 Profile 4 I3 I2 I1 I0 Profile 3 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 Profile 2 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 Profile 1 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 Profile 0 I4 I3 I2 I4 I3 I2 I4 I3 I4 I1 A3=1 Adr A[3..0] A3=0 neg(A[3..0]) Register 1 5 5 DI DAC Phase A DAC Phase B DAC Scale DC2 DC1 DC0 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 QA1 5 5 bit DAC Phase B 5 5 REF I REF DAC Full Scale LIMIT B 5 bit DAC Phase A I LIMIT A I QA1LIM 1000 I Qx1LIM QA2 I MAX I QB1LIM 1000 5 5 QB1 5 IQA2LIM 1000 I Qx2LIM 5 QB2 IQB2LIM 1000 3.4.7 PWM Control VS = 7 to 20 V, VCC = 3.0 to 5.3 V, EN=VCC, Tj = -40 to 150 °C, IREF = -200 µA, unless otherwise specified. The voltages are referred to GND and currents are assumed positive, when the current flows into the pin. Table 13. Symbol fPWM 1 PWM Control (see Figure 4 and Figure 7) Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit Bit: FRE= 1 20.8 kHz Bit: FRE= 0 31.3 kHz Bits: DM1 DM0= 0 1 4 us Bits: DM1 DM0= 1 0 8 us Bit: FILTER= 0 1.5 us Bit: FILTER= 1 2.5 us Frequency of PWM cycles TMD1 Mixed decay switch off delay time TFT1 Glitch filter delay time 17/37 L9942 3 Electrical specifications Table 13. PWM Control (see Figure 4 and Figure 7) (continued) Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Bits: SR1 SR0= 0 0 Tcc 1 TB 1 VSR Typ. Max. Unit 0.5 us Cross current protection time Blank Bits: SR1 SR0= 0 1 time of comparator Bits: SR1 SR0= 1 0 1 us 2 us Bits: SR1 SR0= 1 1 4 us Bits: SR1 SR0= 0 0 13 V/us Bits: SR1 SR0= 0 1 13 V/us Bits: SR1 SR0= 1 0 6 V/us Bits: SR1 SR0= 1 1 6 V/us Slew rate (dV/dt 30%-70%) @HS switches on resistive load of 10Ω, VS=13.5V Note: 1 This parameter is guaranteed by design. Time base is an internal trimmed oscillator of typical 2MHz and it has an accuracy of ±6% . Figure 8. Switching on Minimum Time Load current at Qxn T FT Filter time of current comparator T FT TCC T CC Cross current protection time T B Blank time of current comparator Step limit e.g. T B = TCC = 1 us T CC TB Time Internal PWM clock 20 or 30 kHz TINT _2MHz Pin PWM (for bridge A) 18/37 TPWM on decay T FT = 1.5 us L9942 4 Functional Description of the Logic with SPI 4 Functional Description of the Logic with SPI 4.1 Motor Stepping Clock Input( STEP) Rising edge of signal STEP is latched. It is synchronised by internal clock. At next start of a new PWM cycle the new values of output current limit are used to drive motor in next position. Before start new motor step this signal has to be low for at least two internal clock periods to reset latch. 4.2 PWM Output (PWM) This output reflects the current duty cycle of the internal PWM controller of bridge A. High level indicates on state to increase current through load and low level is in off state so load current decreases depending on chosen decay mode. 4.3 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) This device uses a standard 16 bit SPI to communicate with a microcontroller. The SPI can be driven by a microcontroller with its SPI peripheral running in following mode: CPOL = 0 and CPHA = 0. For this mode, input data is sampled by the low to high transition of the clock CLK, and output data is changed from the high to low transition of CLK. A fault condition can be detected by setting CSN to low. If CSN = 0, the DO-pin will reflect an internal Error Flag of the device which is a logical-or of all status bits in the Status Register (reg7) and in the Current Profile Register 4 (reg6). The microcontroller can poll the status of the device without the need of a full SPI-communication cycle. 4.4 Chip Select Not (CSN) The input pin is used to select the serial interface of this device. When CSN is high, the output pin (DO) will be in high impedance state. A low signal will activate the output driver and a serial communication can be started. The state when CSN is going low until the rising edge of CSN will be called a communication frame. 4.5 Serial Data In (DI) The input pin is used to transfer data serial into the device. The data applied to the DI will be sampled at the rising edge of the CLK signal and latched into an internal 16 bit shift register. The first 3 bit are interpreted as address of the data register. At the rising edge of the CSN signal the contents of the shift register will be transferred to the selected data register. The writing to the register is only enabled if exactly 16 bits are transmitted within one communication frame (i.e. CSN low). If more or less clock pulses are counted within one frame the complete frame will be ignored. This safety function is implemented to avoid an activation of the output stages by a wrong communication frame. 19/37 L9942 4 Functional Description of the Logic with SPI Note: Due to this safety functionality a daisy chaining of SPI is not possible. Instead, a parallel operation of the SPI bus by controlling the CSN signal of the connected ICs is recommended. 4.6 Serial Data Out (DO) The data output driver is activated by a logical low level at the CSN input and will go from high impedance to a low or high level depending on the status bit 0 (fault condition). The first rising edge of the CLK input after a high to low transition of the CSN pin will transfer the content of the selected status register into the data out shift register. Each subsequent falling edge of the CLK will shift the next bit out. 4.7 Serial Clock (CLK) The CLK input is used to synchronize the input and output serial bit streams. The data input (DI) is sampled at the rising edge of the CLK and the data output (DO) will change with the falling edge of the CLK signal. 4.8 Data Register The device has eight data registers. The first three bits (bit0 ... bit2) at the DI-input are used to select one of the input registers. All bits are first shifted into an input shift register. After the rising edge of CSN the contents of the input shift register will be written to the selected Input Data Register only if a frame of exact 16 data bits are detected. The selected register will be transferred to DO during the current communication frame. Figure 9. SPI and Registers DI CLK D CSN CLK_ADR INT_2MHz POR SPIControll DO D0 D A0 D1 A1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 A0 A1 A2 A2 SEL_ERROR SPI2REG Phase Counter Control Register 0 P4 P3 P2 Decay Mode P1 P0 DM2 DM1 DM0 Slew Rate Step Mode SR1 ST1 SR0 ST0 DIR Read Only DAC_Scale Control Register 1 DC2 DC1 DC0 BI4 BI3 DAC Phase B BI2 BI1 Counter and Profiles Register 2 I4 Current Profile 1 I3 I2 I1 I0 Test T2 Singnal and Profiles Register 3 I4 Current Profile 3 I3 I2 I1 I0 T5 Counter and Profiles Register 5 Control, Status and Profile Register 6 I4 I3 I2 I1 I3 CLR Status SST I2 Filter I1 PWM Freq DT1 T4 I0 DT4 DT3 ST DT7 DT6 AI0 I4 Current Profile 0 I3 I2 I1 I0 PWM NPWM T3 I4 Current Profile 2 I3 I2 I1 I0 I4 Current Profile 4 I3 I2 I1 I0 I4 Current Profile 6 I3 I2 I1 I0 I4 Current Profile 8 I3 I2 I1 I0 DT2 PWM Counter I0 DAC Phase A AI3 AI2 AI1 DT0 PWM Counter Current Profile 7 I4 AI4 PWM Counter Test Current Profile 5 Counter and Profiles Register 4 BI0 DT5 Read-Only Openload RREF Error Phase Phase B A Read-Only Status Register 7 20/37 CLR Temperature Status TSD TW VS Monitor OV UV HSB2 HSB1 LSB2 Overcurrent LSB1 HSA2 HSA1 LSA2 LSA1 L9942 5 SPI - Control and Status Registers 5 SPI - Control and Status Registers 5.1 Control Register 0 Phase Counter Decay Mode Slew Rate Step Mode DIR Bit 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Name P4 P3 P2 P1 P0 DM2 DM1 DM0 SR1 SR0 ST1 ST0 DIR The meaning of the different bits is as follows: DIR ST1 ST0 This bit controls direction of motor movement. DIR=1 clockwise DIR=0 counter clockwise. This bits controls step mode of motor movement (Figure 3). 00 Micro-stepping 01 Mini-stepping 10 Half-stepping 11 Full-stepping SR1 SR0 DM2 DM1 DM0 This bit controls slew rate of bridge switches. See also parameter Table 13 This bits controls decay mode of output current (Figure 3). 000 Slow decay 001 Mixed decay, fast decay until TMD > 4us 010 Mixed decay, fast decay until TMD > 8us 011 Mixed decay, fast decay until current undershoot Tmc =TFT +TCC 100 Auto decay, fast decay without delay time 101 Auto decay, fast decay until TMD > 4us 110 Auto decay, fast decay until TMD > 8us 111 Auto decay, fast decay until current undershoot Tmc P4 P3 P2 P1 P0 Auto decay uses mixed decay automatically to reduce current for next step if required ( see Figure 3 down right). This bits control position of motor, e.g. 00000 step angle is 0° , 01111 step angle is 180°.. 21/37 L9942 5 SPI - Control and Status Registers 5.2 Control Register 1 DAC Scale DAC Phase B DAC Phase A Bit 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access rw rw rw r r r r r r r r r r Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Name DC2 DC1 DC0 BI4 BI3 BI2 BI1 BI0 AI4 AI3 AI2 AI1 AI0 The meaning of the different bits is as follows: These bits control DAC of bridge A. AI4 AI3 AI2 AI1 AI0 Value depends on address and the value of corresponding current profile. BI4 BI3 BI2 BI1 BI0 These bits control DAC of bridge B . DC2 DC1 DC0 These bits set full scale range of limit, e.g. 000 for 100 mA or 111for e.g. 1500mA 5.3 See also parameter Table 12. Counter and Profiles Register 2 Current Profile 1 Not used Current Profile 0 Bit 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Name I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 T2 T1 T0 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 The meaning of the different bits is as follows: I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 T2 T1 T0 5.4 These bits are loaded in register1 DAC Phase A or B if needed. See also parameter Table 12 These bits are used in test mode only. Signal and Profile Register 3 PWM Counter Current Profile 3 Bit PWM Current Profile 2 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 r r r r r r r r r r r r r w w w w w w w w w w w w w Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Name I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 D1 (T5) D0 (T4) NPW M(T3) I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 Access 22/37 L9942 5 SPI - Control and Status Registers The meaning of the different bits is as follows: I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 These bits are loaded in register1 DAC Phase A or B if needed. These bits are for threshold value in counter of active time during signal PWM. DT1 DT0 This bit switches internal PWM signal of bridge A to pin PWM if it is set to 0, otherwise pin is in high resistance status. NPWM (T5 T4 T3) 5.5 See also parameter Table 12 These bits are used in test mode only. Counter and Profile (Register 4 and Register 5) Current Profile 5 (7) PWM Counter Current Profile 4 (6) Bit 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw rw Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Name I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 D4(7) D3(6) D2(5) I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 The meaning of the different bits is as follows: These bits are loadedneeded. in register1 DAC Phase A or B if needed. I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 See also parameter Table 12 D4 D3 D2 (register4) These bits are for threshold value in counter of active time during signal PWM. LSB and next value are set in register3 by D0 and D1. D7 D6 D5 (register5) 5.6 Control, Status and Profile Register 6 CLR ST Filter (PWM) Freq ST REF ERR Openload Current Profile 8 Bit 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access rw rw rw rw r r r r rw rw rw rw rw Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Name CLR6 SST FT FRE ST RERR OB OA I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 The meaning of the different bits is as follows: I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 These bits are loaded in register1 DAC Phase A or B if needed See also parameter Table 12 OB OA These bits indicate openload at bridges RERR This bit indicates if reference current is OK (150uA <IREF < 250uA), then is RERR=0. ST FRE This bit indicates stall detection. This bit sets frequency of PWM cycle. FRE=1 frequency 20kHz, FRE=0 frequency 30kHz 23/37 L9942 5 SPI - Control and Status Registers FT This bit sets filter time in glitch filter. FT=0 TF =1.5us, FT=1 TF =2.5us SST This bit specifies output PWM to reflect same logical level like bit ST. CLR6 5.7 This bit resets all bits to 0 in register 6. Status Register7 CLR Temperature VS Monitor Overcurrent Bit 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Access rw r r r r r r r r r r r r Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Name CLR7 TSD TW OV UV LSB2 LSB1 HSA2 HSA1 LSA2 LSA1 HSB2 HSB1 The meaning of the different bits is as follows: bit7 ... bit0 1 OV UV These bits indicate overcurrent in each lowside or highside power transistor. overcurrent failure I > 2A These bits indicates failure at VS ( See also parameter Table 8) 01 Voltage at pin VS is too low. 10 Voltage at pin VS is too high. TSD TW These bits indicates temperature failure ( See also parameter Table 6) 01 Only for information set at temperature warning threshold. 10 In case of thermal shutdown all bridges are switched off. It has to reset by bit CLR7. CLR7 This bit resets all bits to 0 in register7. 5.8 Auxiliary logic blocks 5.8.1 Fault Condition Logical level at pin D0 represents fault condition. It is valid from first high to low edge of signal CLK up to transfer of data bit D12. Fault bit is an logical OR of: Control and Status Register 6 bit 5 and 6 for Open Load, bit7 reference current failure (RERR) and Control and Status Register 7 bit 0 to bit 7 for Overcurrent, bit 8 and 9 failure at VS (UV,OV) and bit 10 and bit 11 during high temperature (TW,TSD) 24/37 L9942 5.8.2 5 SPI - Control and Status Registers SPI communication monitoring At the rising edge of the CSN signal the contents of the shift register will be transferred to the selected data register. A counter monitors proper SPI communication. It counts rising edges at pin CLK. The writing to the register is only enabled if exactly 16 bits are transmitted within one communication frame (i.e. CSN low). If more or less clock pulses are counted within one frame the complete frame will be ignored. This safety function is implemented to avoid an activation of the output stages by a wrong communication frame. SPI communication can be checked by loading a command twice and then answer at pin DO must be same. Note: Due to this safety functionality a daisy chaining of SPI is not possible. Instead, a parallel operation of the SPI bus by controlling the CSN signal of the connected ICs is recommended. 5.8.3 PWM monitoring for stall detection Control registers 4, 5, and 3 contain bits D0-D7, use for setting a stall detection threshold. The value in this set of bits determine the minimum time for current rise over one quadrant of motor driving. D7-D0 is compared with the sum of the rise times over one quadrant. When the sum is less than the value stored in D7-D0 the ST bit (register6 bit 8) is set to a logic “1”. The PWM pin reflects the PWM control signal of the load current in bridge A. This is so after power on when the SST bit (register 6, bit11) is reset to a logic “0”. If this bit is set to a logical “1” then status of the ST bit 8 is mirrored to pin PWM. This provides stall detection without the need of reading register 6 through the SPI bus. 25/37 L9942 6 Logic with SPI - Electrical Characteristics 6 Logic with SPI - Electrical Characteristics VS = 7 to 20 V, VCC = 3.0 to 5.3 V, EN=VCC, Tj = -40 to 150 °C, IREF = -200 µA, unless otherwise specified. The voltages are referred to GND and currents are assumed positive, when the current flows into the pin. 6.1 Inputs: CSN, CLK, STEP, EN and DI Table 14. Inputs: CSN, CLK, STEP, EN and DI Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. 1.5 2.0 Max. Unit Vin L input low level VCC = 5 V Vin H input high level VCC = 5 V Vin Hyst input hysteresis VCC = 5 V 0.5 ICSN in pull up current at input CSN VCSN = VCC-1.5 V, -50 -25 -10 µA ICLK in pull down current at input CLK VCLK = 1.5 V 10 25 50 µA pull down current at input DI VDI = 1.5 V 10 25 50 µA ISTEP in pull down current at input STEP VSTEP = 1.5 V 10 25 50 µA REN in resistance at input EN to GND VEN in = VCC 110 510 kΩ Cin (1) input capacitance at input CSN, CLK, DI and PWM 0 V < VCC < 5.3 V 10 15 pF Typ. Max. Unit IDI in 3.0 V 3.5 V V (1) Parameter guaranteed by design. 6.2 DI timing Table 15. DI timing (see Figure 11 and Figure 13) (2) Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. tCLK clock period VCC = 5 V 250 ns tCLKH clock high time VCC = 5 V 100 ns tCLKL clock low time VCC = 5 V 100 ns tset CSN CSN set up time, CSN low before rising edge of CLK VCC = 5 V 100 ns tset CLK CLK set up time, CLK high before rising edge of CSN VCC = 5 V 100 ns tset DI DI set up time VCC = 5 V 50 ns thold DI DI hold time VCC = 5 V 50 ns tr in rise time of input signal DI, CLK, CSN VCC = 5 V 25 ns tf in fall time of input signal DI, CLK, CSN VCC = 5 V 25 ns (2) DI timing parameters tested in production by a passed/failed test: Tj=-40°C/+25°C: SPI communication @5MHz; T j=+125°C: SPI communication @4.25MHz 26/37 L9942 6.3 6 Logic with SPI - Electrical Characteristics Outputs: DO, PWM Table 16. Outputs: DO, PWM Symbol Parameter VDOoutL Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit 0.2 0.4 V output low level VCC = 5 V, ID = 2 mA output high level VCC = 5 V, ID = -2 mA IDOoutLK tristate leakage current VCSN = VCC, 0 V < VDO < VCC -10 10 µA IPWMoutLK tristate leakage current Register3bit5=1 (NPWM) 0 V < VPWM < VCC -10 10 µA tristate input capacitance VCSN = VCC, 0 V < VCC < 5.3 V 10 15 pF Typ. Max. Unit VPWMoutL VDOoutH VPWMoutH Cout (1) 6.4 VCC 0.4 VCC 0.2 V Output: DO timing Output: DO timing (see Figure 12 and Figure 13) Table 17. Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. tr DO DO rise time CL = 100 pF, Iload = -1 mA 50 100 ns tf DO DO fall time CL = 100 pF, Iload = 1 mA 50 100 ns ten DO tri L DO enable time from tristate to low CL = 100 pF, Iload = 1 mA pulllevel up load to VCC 50 250 ns tdis DO L tri DO disable time from low level to tristate CL = 100 pF, Iload = 4 mA pullup load to VCC 50 250 ns ten DO tri H DO enable time from tristate to high level CL = 100 pF, Iload = -1 mA pulldown load to GND 50 250 ns tdis DO H tri DO disable time from high level to tristate CL = 100 pF, Iload = -4 mA 50 250 ns 50 250 ns Typ. Max. Unit td DO 6.5 DO delay time pull-down load to GND VDO < 0.3 VCC, VDO > 0.7 VCC, CL = 100 pF CSN timing Table 18. Symbol CSN timing Parameter tCSN_HI,min (1) CSN high time, active mode Test Condition Transfer of SPI-command to Input Register Min. 2 µs 27/37 L9942 6 Logic with SPI - Electrical Characteristics 6.6 STEP timing Table 19. STEP timing Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. tSTEPmin (1) STEP low or high time Typ. Max. Unit 2 µs (1) Parameter guaranteed by design. Figure 10. Transfer Timing Diagram t CSN_HI,min CSN high to low: DO enabled CSN time CLK 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 time DI: data will be accepted on the rising edge of CLK signal actual data DI A2 A1 A0 D12D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 new data D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 A2 A1 time DO: data will change on the falling edge of CLK signal status information DO D12D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 time fault bit CSN low to high: actual data is transfered to registers fault bit actual data old data Control and Status Register time Figure 11. Input Timing 0.8 VCC t CLK CSN 0.2 VCC t set CSN t CLKH t set CLK 0.8 VCC CLK 0.2 VCC t set DI t hold DI t CL KL 0.8 VCC DI Valid Valid 0.2 VCC 28/37 L9942 6 Logic with SPI - Electrical Characteristics Figure 12. SPI - DO Valid Data Delay Time and Valid Time tf in t r in 0.8 VCC 0.5 VCC 0.2 VCC CLK t r DO DO (low to high) 0.8 VCC 0.2 VCC td DO t f DO 0.8 VCC DO (high to low) 0.2 VCC Figure 13. DO Enable and Disable Time t f in t r in 0 .8 V C C 50% 0 .2 V C C CSN DO p u ll - u p lo a d to V C C C L = 100 pF 50% ten D O tri L t d is D O L tri 50% DO p u ll- d o w n lo a d t o G N D C L = 100 pF ten D O tri H t d is D O H tri 29/37 L9942 6 Logic with SPI - Electrical Characteristics Figure 14. Timing of Status Bit 0 (Fault Condition) C S N h ig h t o l o w a n d C L K s t a y s lo w : s t a t u s in f o r m a t i o n o f d a t a b it 0 ( f a u lt c o n d it io n ) is t r a n s f e r e d t o D O CSN t im e CLK t im e DI t im e D I: d a ta is n o t a c c e p te d DO 0t im e D O : s t a t u s in f o r m a t io n o f d a t a b it 0 ( f a u lt c o n d it i o n ) w ill s t a y a s l o n g a s C S N is lo w 30/37 L9942 7 Appendix 7 Appendix 7.1 Stall Detection The L9942 contains logic blocks designed to detect a motor stall caused by excessive mechanical load. During a motor stall condition the load current rises much faster than during normal operation. The L9942 measures this time and compares it to a programmed value. This is done by summing the PWM on times for one full quadrant. For a full wave stepping this is just one value (step 0). For microstepping this includes 8 separate values added together, one for each step. This measurement is only done on phase A during the quadrants where the current is increasing naturally (quadrants 1 and 3 of Figure 15); e.g. stall detection is active during phase counter values 1 to 8 and 17 to 24 for DIR=0. During the quadrants where the current is decreasing fast decay recirculation interferes with accurate measurement of this time. If the sum of the PWM on time is less than a programmed threshold stored in D0-D7, stall is detected and indicated as a logic “1” in the stall (ST) bit found in register 6 bit 8 (Figure 15 bottom). If bit 11 of register 6 is set to logical “1” then the ST bit is mirrored to the PWM pin providing detection externally. The register values DT7-DT0 store the threshold value in 16us intervals. These bits can be found interstitially in register 3 (D0, D1), register4 (D2, D3, D4) and register5 (D5, D6, D7). Care should be taken when deciding the threshold timing. Motor current slew rates are dependant on the driving voltage, the actual speed of the motor, the back EMF of the motor as well as the motor and the inductance. Be sure to set your threshold well away from what can be seen in normal operation at any temperature. 7.2 Load Current Control and Detection of Overcurrent (Shortages at Outputs) The L9942 controls load current in the two full bridges by using a pulls with modulation (PWM) regulator. The mirrored output current of active HS switch is compared with a programmed reference current (e.g. in figure A2 HSA1 and HSB2). Bridge is switched off if current has exceeded the programmed limit value. A second comparator of the related LS switch uses the mirrored load current to detect an overcurrent to ground during ON state of bridges (e.g. in Figure 16 LSA2 and LSB1). The event of shortage from output to supply voltage VS is detectable, but short current between outputs is limited through PWM controller and so an overcurrent failure will not occur. Load currents decrease more or less fast during OFF state of bridges depending on selected decay mode. Slow decay mode is realised by activating the HS switches of the bridge and current comparator has as new reference the overcurrent limit. A shortage to ground can be detected, but not between the outputs. Is it recommended to use the different fast decay modes too, especially in period if the load current has to reduce from step to step. The duration of fast decay can set by fixed time ore that it depends on the comparator signal utilising the second current mirror at LS switch. There can be monitored the undershoot of bridge current during OFF state. 31/37 L9942 7 Appendix Fast decay can be seen as switching the bridge in opposite direction, if it is compared to ON state before. The load current control at HS switch is not used, but the comparator is still active. The reference value is changed to overcurrent limit and a shortage to ground or now between the outputs too will result in a signal. The internal filter time of at least 4 us will inhibit the signal in many applications. Then you can use the mode “auto decay without any delay time“ (On Section 5.1 on page 21 mode 100). On page 34 you can find in the lower part of Figure 3 the phase counter values, when fast decay as only part of mixed decay is used and the shortages can be detected during a longer time. After this it is signalised in register 7 as overcurrent in HS switch (e.g. in Figure 17 HSA1). Figure 15. Stall Detection Load Current Rising During High Speed Counter value is above threshold value. PWM activ detection Stall Time Threshold 16us * Register 5 Register 4 Reg3 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit7 bit6 D7 D6 PWM activ detection Time D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 PWM activ detection Stall Threshold Stall Threshold PWM activ counter PWM activ counter No Stall Signal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Phase Counter 0 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Activ sampling and threshold 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Activ sampling and threshold Current Driver A Current Driver A Adress of Current Profile Entry 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Adress of Current Profile Entry 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Current Driver B Current Driver B 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 STEP Signal Micro Stepping Mode: DIR=0 Micro Stepping Mode: DIR=1 Load Current Rising During Low Speed or Stall Counter value is below threshold value. PWM activ detection PWM activ detection PWM activ detection Time Stall Threshold Stall Signal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Phase Counter Activ sampling and threshold 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Activ sampling and threshold Current Driver A Stall Signal 0 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Current Driver A Adress of Current Profile Entry 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Adress of Current Profile Entry 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Current Driver B Current Driver B 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PWM activ counter PWM activ counter Stall Threshold STEP Signal Micro Stepping Mode: DIR=0 32/37 Micro Stepping Mode: DIR=1 L9942 7 Appendix Figure 16. Reference Generation for PWM Control (Switch On) 1 Register 0 UP/Down PhaseCounter 1 Count by 1,2,4,8 0 0 Decay Mode 0 0 DM2 1 DM1 DM0 Slew Rate SR1 Counter value changes after an signal at STEP to next one depending on selected stepping mode described in figure 3 (e.g. during micro stepping to value 2) . StepMode DIR SR0 0 0 0 STEP 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 A3 Address Calculation A2 A1 A0 MUX MUX MUX A2 A1 A0 Phase A Adr A3=0 A[3..0] Adr Phase B A3=1 neg(A[3..0]) Adr A3=0 neg(A[3..0]) PWM Control With HS Current Monitoring Overcurrent Detection At LS Switch A3=1 Adr A[3..0] Current-Profile Table stored in register2, ...6 9 5 1 1 1 1 1 Profile 8 1 1 1 1 0 Profile 7 1 1 1 0 1 Profile 6 1 1 0 1 0 Profile 5 1 0 1 1 0 Profile 4 1 0 0 0 1 Profile 3 0 1 1 0 0 Profile 2 Phase Counter 5 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 Current Driver A 5 Adress of Current Profile Entry Phase A 5 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 5 Current Driver B Adress of Current Profile Entry Phase B 5 0 0 1 1 0 Profile 1 0 0 0 0 0 Profile 0 5 STEP Signal 5 HS Current Monitoring (Load control) Register 1 DAC Scale DI 0 0 0 95 mA DAC Phase A DAC Phase B 1 1 1 1 0 I 5 bit DAC Phase B I REF REF 200 uA 0 DAC Full Scale 0 1 1 0 100mA * 6/31 = 18.4mA 100mA * 30/31 = 91.9mA LIMIT B LIMIT HSA1 I LIMIT A 5 bit DAC Phase A + 2mA 2mA I MAX HS1 on QA1 + - IA + + QB1 2mA LS Current Monitoring (Overcurrentl) IQA1LIM 1000 - 2mA OC LSB1 - + LS1 on + - 2mA IB + QA2 2mA OC LSA2 + - LS2 on - LIMIT HSB2 HS Current Monitoring (Load control) + 2mA 2mA IQA2LIM 1000 HS2on + QB2 - LS Current Monitoring (Overcurrent) + - + - 33/37 L9942 7 Appendix Figure 17. Reference Generation for PWM Contro (Decay)l 1 Register 0 UP/Down 1 PhaseCounter Count by 1,2,4,8 0 0 0 Decay Mode 0 1 DM2 DM1 DM0 StepMode DIR Slew Rate SR1 Counter value changes after an signal at STEP to next one depending on selected stepping mode described in figure 1.2 (e.g. during micro stepping to value 2) . SR0 0 0 0 STEP 0 0 1 2 3 A3 Address Calculation 0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 A2 A1 A0 MUX MUX MUX A2 A1 A0 Phase A Adr A3=0 A[3..0] Adr Auto Decay 0 Mixed Decay Fast and Slow Decay Slow Decay Phase B A3=1 neg(A[3..0]) Adr A3=0 neg(A[3..0]) A3=1 Adr A[3..0] Current-Profile Table stored in register2, ...6 9 5 1 1 1 1 1 Profile 8 1 1 1 1 0 Profile 7 1 1 1 0 1 Profile 6 1 1 0 1 0 Profile 5 1 0 1 1 0 Profile 4 1 0 0 0 1 Profile 3 0 1 1 0 0 Profile 2 Phase Counter 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Current Driver A 5 Adress of Current Profile Entry Phase A 5 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 5 Current Driver B Adress of Current Profile Entry Phase B 5 0 0 1 1 0 Profile 1 0 0 0 0 0 Profile 0 5 STEP Signal 5 HS Current Monitoring (Overcurrent) Register 1 DAC Scale DI 0 0 0 95 mA DAC Phase A DAC Phase B 1 1 1 1 0 I 5 bit DAC Phase B I REF REF 200 uA DAC Full Scale 0 0 1 1 0 100mA * 6/31 = 18.4mA 95mA * 30/31 = 91.9mA LIMIT B OC I LIMIT A 5 bit DAC Phase A HSA1 + QA1 2mA - I MAX HS Current Monitoring (Overcurrent) + - OC HSB1 + 2mA 2mA IQB1 1000 + HS1 on - HSB1 + Fast Decay IB 2mA + - + + QB2 2mA + - LIMIT LSB2 - 34/37 LS2on - + HS2 on QA2 2mA - 2mA IA - OC + Slow Decay QB1 + - LS Current Monitoring (Load Control) HS1 on 2mA - HS Current Monitoring (Overcurrent) L9942 8 8 Package information Package information In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK® packages. These packages have a Lead-free second level interconnect. The category of second Level Interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an ST trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com. Figure 18. PowerSSO-24 Mechanical Data & Package Dimensions mm inch DIM. MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. 2.47 0.085 0.085 TYP. MAX. A 2.15 A2 2.15 2.40 a1 0 0.075 b 0.33 0.51 0.013 0.02 c 0.23 0.32 0.009 0.012 D 10.10 10.50 0.398 0.413 E 7.4 7.6 0.291 0.299 e 0.8 e3 8.8 G1 0.06 k L 10.5 0.004 0.002 0.398 5˚ h N 0.413 5˚ 0.4 0.55 0.094 0.003 0.346 0.1 10.1 OUTLINE AND MECHANICAL DATA 0.031 G H 0.097 0.85 0.016 0.021 0.033 10˚ 10˚ X 4.1 4.7 0.161 0.185 Y 6.5 7.1 0.256 0.279 PowerSSO-24 (Exposed Pad) 35/37 L9942 9 Revision history 9 36/37 Revision history Date Revision 7-Nov-2005 1 Changes Initial release. L9942 Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics. The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. 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