L9362 QUAD LOW SIDE DRIVER ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ QUAD LOW-SIDE DRIVER FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATION CURRENT FEEDBACK OUTPUT FOR EACH POWER STAGE 5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE INTERNAL FAILURE DIAGNOSTIC OUTPUT VOLTAGE SLOPE CONTROL FOR LOW ELECTRO MAGNETIC EMISSIONS INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION OVERTEMPERATURE PROTECTION AND OVERCURRENT PROTECTION AND DISABLE SWITCHING FREQUENCY UP TO 2kHZ INTERNAL ZENER CLAMP OF THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE FOR INDUCTIVE LOADS PARALLEL INPUT SPI FOR DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION EXCHANGE RESET INPUT PowerSO36 ORDERING NUMBER: L9362 ■ TYPICAL INTERNAL OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY 325kHZ DESCRIPTION The Quad Driver is an integrated quad low-side power switch with power limitation, load interrupt and shorted load detection, thermal shutdown, error detection via SPI interface and integrated Z-diodes for output clamping, free running diodes. BLOCK DIAGRAM VCC VCC ROL VCC = = Trigger NON1 S Reset NON2 OUT1 dV/dt Control Driver = OUT2 R OUT3 Overtemp. NON3 NON1 OUT4 NON4 Reset VCC FR RESET I_SCB Filter t_SCB IRES = NON1 PGND1 PGND2 I_OL Filter t_OL = SDI Failure Register (FR) VCC = CLK = Reset ≥1 = VCC OSC = Oscillator NSC Under voltage RESET SDO May 2002 CFB1 CFB2 IRES 99AT0007 PGND4 SCG Filter t_SCG Shift Register VCC PGND3 = NON1 LGND SGND RESET CFB3 CFB4 NRES 1/17 L9362 PIN CONNECTION PGND1 N.C. CFB1 OUT1 OUT1 CLK NCS N.C. SGND LGND N.C. SDO SDI OUT4 OUT4 CFB4 N.C. PGND4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 PGND2 N.C. CFB2 OUT2 OUT2 NON1 NON2 N.C. VCC N.C. NRES NON3 NON4 OUT3 OUT3 CFB3 N.C. PGND3 Frame connected to PGND 99AT0012 PIN FUNCTIONS Pin No. Pin Name 1 PGND1 2 N.C. Pin Description Notes Power Ground 3 CFB1 Output Current feedback 4 OUT1 Output Power Switch 5 OUT1 6 CLK Input Clock Digital input, Schmitt trigger, internal Pullup current 7 NCS inverted Chip Select Input Digital input, Schmitt trigger, internal Pullup current 8 N.C. 9 SGND Signal Ground 10 LGND Ground of digital part 11 N.C. 12 SDO Serial Data Output Digital tristate output 13 SDI Serial Data Input Digital input, Schmitt trigger, internal Pullup current 14 OUT4 15 OUT4 Output Power Switch 16 CFB4 Output Current feedback Output Power Switch Output Power Switch 17 N.C. 18 PGND4 Power Ground 19 PGND3 Power Ground 20 N.C. 21 CFB3 Output Current feedback 22 OUT3 Output Power Switch 23 OUT3 Output Power Switch 24 NON4 Inverted Control Signal Input 2/17 Sinks current proportional to IOUT1 Sinks current proportional to IOUT4 Sinks current proportional to IOUT3 Digital input, Schmitt trigger, internal Pullup current L9362 PIN FUNCTIONS (continued) Pin No. Pin Name 25 NON3 Inverted Control Signal Input Digital input, Schmitt trigger, internal Pullup current 26 NRES Inverted Reset Input Digital input, Schmitt trigger, internal Pullup current 27 N.C. 28 VCC Pin Description Notes 5V Supply Voltage Input 29 N.C. 30 NON2 Inverted Control Signal Input Digital input, Schmitt trigger, internal Pullup current 31 NON1 Inverted Control Signal Input Digital input, Schmitt trigger, internal Pullup current 32 OUT2 Output Power Switch 33 OUT2 Output Power Switch 34 CFB2 Output Current feedback 35 N.C. 36 PGND2 Sinks current proportional to IOUT2 Power Ground THERMAL DATA Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 4.5 °C/W Thermal resistance Rth j-case Thermal resistance junction to case (one powerstage in use) Die must be soldered on the frame. Rthja Thermal resistance junction-ambient pad layout Rthja Thermal resistance junction-ambient cm2 pad layout + 6 on board heat sink 50 °C/W 35 °C/W ESD ESD ±2 MIL 883C KV ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS For externally applied voltages or currents exceeding these limits damage of the circuit may occur Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit -0.3 7 V -0.3 45 V 3.0 A Supply Voltages Supply voltage VCC Outputs (Out 1 ... 4) VOut Continues output voltage Ioutc Continues current ISCBpeak WOFF With no reverse current. Peak output current Clamped energy at the switching OFF -10 I_SCB A 50 mJ -0.3 7 V -0.3 VCC +0.3 V -40 150 °C For 2ms, see fig. 8 Inputs (NONx; NCS; CLK; NRES; SDI) Input voltage VIN Outputs (SDO; CFB) VOUT Output voltage Operating junction temperature Tj Note: Operating junction temperature The maximum ratings may not be exceeded under any circumstances, not even momentarily and individually, as permanent damage to the IC will result. 3/17 L9362 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V, -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 1.3 mA Supply current ICCRES Standby current ICCOPM Operating mode IOUT 1 ... 4 = 2A Low voltage supply current VCC < 0,5V ICCLV Without load. Tj ≤ 85°C NRES = LOW 11 17 mA 80 µA Inputs (NONx; NCS; CLK; NRES; SDI) VINL Low threshold -0.3 0.2 • VCC V VINH High threshold 0.7 • VCC VCC +0.3 V Vhyst Hysteresis 10 µA 20 100 µA 3 20 µA 0.85 IIN Input leakage current VIN = VCC IIN Input current (NONx, NCS, CLK, SDI) VIN ≤ 0.8•VCC IIN NRES Input current NRES V Serial Data Output VSDOH High output level (ISDO = -2mA) VSDOL Low output level (ISDO = 3.2mA) ISDOL Tristate leakage current (NCS = HIGH; VSDO = 0V ... VCC) VCC - 0.4 V -10 0.4 V 10 µA 10 µA Outputs (Out 1 ... 4) IOUTL1 Leakage current 1 (NON = HIGH; VOUT = 14V; VCC = 5V) Vclpa Output clamp voltage Vclpa (IOUT = 0.5A) WOFF Clamped energy at the switching OFF 1) For 2ms, see fig. 8 RDSON ON resistance IOUT = 2A; Tj = 150°C; Tj = 25°C 2) OVRp1 Positive output voltage ramp (with inductive load) OVRp2 OVRn VOUT = 30% ... 80% of VBAT=16V 3) VOUT = VBAT ... 0.9 • Vclp 3) Negative output voltage ramp 80% ... 30% of VBAT = 16V with inductive load 3) tdON Turn ON delay tdOFF Turn OFF delay Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: 4/17 45 0.3 50 60 V 50 mJ 250 500 300 mΩ mΩ 0.9 1.35 V/µs 2.25 V/µs 0.75 0.3 0.9 1.35 V/µs NON = 50%; VOUT = 0.8 • VBAT 0 4 10 µs NON = 50%; VOUT = 0.3 • VBAT 0 4 10 µs Typical loads for the zener clamping and the output voltage ramps are: a) 10Ω, 16mH at all outputs or b) 25Ω, 160mH At 150°C guaranteed by design and electrical characterisation Tested with resistive load of Rload = 50Ω L9362 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V, -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 5.0 A Powerstage protection ISCB Short current detection and switch off threshold t_SCB Short circuit switch off delay time Vccmin VCC undervoltage With filter-time t_SCB. 3.0 30 µs 4.0 V 1.65 2 mA/A ±3 ±6 % 3 3.0 Current feedback TRatio 1 ICFB / IOUT for IOUT=0.4...2A 4) VCFB ≥ 1.8V 1.45 TMPS1 6) 5) Temperature stability for 0.4A to < 2.0A, related to 25°C CURS1 for IOUT = 0.4A to 2A 5) Current stability ∆gain/Gain at 2A CURlin1 6) CURlin2 Note 4: Note 5: Note 6: for IOUT = 0.4A to 1.0A for IOUT = 1.0A to 2.0A 4) 4) TJ = -40°C -12 17 % TJ = +25°C -6 10 % TJ = +125°C -5 5 % ±1 ±0.7 % % 0.390 •VCC 0.435 •VCC V ±0.2 Linearity Error (within the calibration points at 0.5A, 1A, 2A) At 150°C guaranteed by design and electrical characterisation Guaranteed by design and electrical characterisation Values for TMPS1, CURlin1 and CURlin2 are typical values from testing results Diagnostic VREF1 Short to GND threshold voltage for IOUT ≤ 2A Short to GND filter time 140 250 µs Open load threshold current 10 55 mA t_OL Open load filter time 140 265 µs ROL Pullup resistor at OUT1, OUT2, OUT3 and OUT4 for OL detection 2.0 8.0 kΩ TOFF Temperature detection threshold 7) 155 190 °C t_SCG IOL Note 7: 170 Guaranteed by measurement and correlation 5/17 L9362 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V, -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 3 MHz Serial diagnostic link (external Load capacitor at SDO = 100pF) fclk Clock frequency tclh Minimum time CLK = HIGH 100 ns tcll Minimum time CLK = LOW 100 ns 50% duty cycle. tpcld Propagation delay CLK to data at SDO valid. tcsdv NCS = LOW To data at SDO valid. tsclch CLK low before NCS low Setup time CLK to NCS change H/L. thclcl CLK change L/H after NCS = LOW tscld SDI input setup time thcld SDI input hold time 0 100 ns 100 ns 100 ns 100 ns CLK change H/L after SDI data valid. 20 ns SDI data hold after CLK change H/L. 20 ns tsclcl CLK low before NCS high 150 ns thclch CLK high after NCS high 150 ns tpchdz NCS L/H to output data float tfNCS NCS filter-time Note: 8. 6/17 Pulses ≤ tfNCS will be ignored. 10 100 ns 40 ns Input Pin Capacitance of SDI, CLK, NCS, NON1, NON2, NON3, NON4 6pF typical; Output Pin Capacitance of SDO 12pF typica L9362 1.0 Diagnostic Register and SPI timing Figure 1. Impulse diagram to read the Diagnostic Register NCS CLK SDO FSL LSB SDI D2 D1 LSB D1 D3 D2 D4 D3 D5 D4 D6 D5 MSB D6 MSB FR_RESET 99AT0008 Note: FR_RESET means Reset failure storage (internal signal) Figure 2. Diagnostic Failure Register Structure MSB D7 LSB D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 FSL Failure indicator bit (only valid during NCS = LOW to the first L to H CLK change 1: failure stored 0: no failures Status channel 4 D0 D1 Status 1 1 no failures 1 0 open circuit, channel on 0 1 short to battery or overtemperature 0 0 short to gnd, channel off Status channel 3 D2 D3 corresponding to D0 D1 Status channel 2 D4 D5 corresponding to D0 D1 99AT0009/A Status channel 1 D6 D7 corresponding to D0 D1 7/17 L9362 Figure 3. Timing of the Serial Interface NCS tsclch thclch thclcl tcll tclh tsclcl CLK tcsdv SDO tpcld tpchdz FSL D0 tscld SDI D7 thcld D0 D1 D7 99AT0010 Figure 4. Short-Circuit to GND Failure (SCG-Failure) Detection Failure-detection time for a SCG-failure OFF NON ON SCG-failure Vdrain Vref Vdrain < Vref at OFF-state t_SCG (filter-time) Filter-time Failure-detection Failure-store 00AT0002 8/17 L9362 Figure 5. Open-Load Failure (OL-Failure) Detection Sporadical failure-detection Statical failure-detection Failure detection active for a sporadical OL-failure NON OFF ON Lload I_OL Lload > I_OL Lload > I_OL for t > t_OL Diagnostic active t_OL (filter-time) Retrigger t filter Retrigger filter t_OL t < t_OL Sporadical failure-detection Failure-detection Failure-store 00AT0003 9/17 L9362 Figure 6. Different cases for an Open Load failure detection (case 1 to 10) CASE 1 IOL = OL filter time t OL Non Input Failure Register Status CASE 2 Non Input Failure Register Reset Output Current IOL t OL Failure Register Status CASE 3 Output Current t OL IOL Failure Register Status CASE 4 Output Current t OL IOL t OL Failure Register Status CASE 5 Output Current t OL IOL t OL Failure Register Status CASE 6 Output Current IOL t OL t OL Failure Register Status CASE 7 Output Current IOL t OL t OL Failure Register Status CASE 8 Output Current t OL IOL t OL Failure Register Status CASE 9 Output Current IOL IOL Failure Register Status 00AT0004 10/17 t OL t OL t OL Failure Register Status CASE 10 Output Current t OL t OL t OL t OL L9362 Figure 7. Different cases for an Open Load failure detection (case 11 to 20) CASE 11 Output Current IOL t OL t OL Failure Register Status CASE 12 Output Current t OL IOL t OL Failure Register Status CASE 13 Output Current t OL t OL t OL t OL IOL Failure Register Status CASE 14 Output Current IOL t OL Failure Register Status CASE 15 Output Current t OL t OL IOL t OL Failure Register Status CASE 16 Output Current IOL t OL t OL Failure Register Status CASE 17 Output Current t OL t OL IOL Failure Register Status CASE 18 Output Current t OL t OL t OL IOL Failure Register Status CASE 19 Output Current t OL t OL IOL Failure Register Status CASE 20 Non Input Failure Register Reset Output Current t OL t OL t OL t OL IOL Failure Register Status t OL 00AT0005 11/17 L9362 Figure 8. Max Clamp Energy Specification 1000 Temp=25˚C Temp=150˚C Energy/[mJ] 800 600 400 200 0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 Pulse width/[ms] 8.0 10.0 Figure 9. Tratio of Current Feedback output versus output current 1.80e-03 1.75e-03 1.70e-03 1.65e-03 Tratio 1.60e-03 Temp=-40˚C Temp=-20˚C Temp=25˚C Temp=70˚C Temp=150˚C 1.55e-03 1.50e-03 1.45e-03 1.40e-03 1.35e-03 1.30e-03 0.0 12/17 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 IOUT/[A] 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 L9362 Figure 10. TMPS1 vs. Temperature (4.5V ≤ Vcc ≤ 5.5V; 0.5A ≤ Iout1...4 ≤ 3A). 3 TMPS1/[%] 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -50 0 50 100 Temp./[˚C] 150 200 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Introduction The Quad Low Side Driver UF07 is built up of four identical channels (Low Side Drivers), controlled by four CMOS input stages. Each Channel is protected against short to VBat and by a zener clamp against overvoltage. A diagnostic logic recognizes four failure types at the output stage: overcurrent, short to GND, open-load and overtemperature. The failures are stored individually for each channel in one byte which can be read out via a serial interface (SPI). Each channel has a current feedback output which sinks a current proportional to the load current of the Low Side Switch. Output Stage Control Each of the four output stages is switched ON and OFF by an individual control line (NON-Input). The logic level of the control line is CMOS compatible. The output transistors are switched off when the inputs are not connected. Power Transistors Each of the four output stages has its own zener clamp. This causes a voltage limitation at the power transistors when inductive loads are switched off. Output voltage ramp occurring when the output is switched on or off, is within defined limits. Output transistors can be connected in parallel to increase the current capability. In this case, the associated inputs, outputs and current feedback outputs should be connected together. Diagnostics Following failures at the output stage are recognized: Short circuit to V Bat or overtemp................= SCB (Highest priority) Short circuit to GND...................................=SCG Open Load.................................................= OL (Lowest Priority) 13/17 L9362 Short-Circuit and Overtemperature Protection (SCB) If the output current increases above the short current limit for a longer time than t_SCB or if the temperature increases above TOFF, then the power transistor is immediately switched off. It remains switched off until the control signal at the NON-Input is switched off and on again. This filter time has the purpose to suppress wrong detection on short spikes. All four outputs have an independent overtemperature detection and shutdown. This measurement is active while the powerstage is switched on. The Short circuit detection and the overtemperature detection are using the same bit in the Diagnostic (one for each channel). A SCG failure will be recognized, when the drain voltage of the output stage is lower as the “Short Cut to Ground threshold voltage”, while the output stage is switched off (see Fig. 4). The SCG failure is filtered with a digital filter (t_SCG) to suppress the storage of a failure at small SCG spikes, which are typical during the transition of the power output. This filter is triggered by the NON input and the (analog) SCG detection. If the current through the output stage is lower than the IOL-reference, then an OL failure will be recognized after a filter time. This measurement is active while the powerstage is switched on. The Open Load failure detection has 2 different modes, the statical failure detection and the sporadic failure detection. One main difference is, that a statical failure is transferred to the Failure register with the next rising edge of NON, whereas a sporadic failure is transferred immediately to the Failure register (see fig. 5, 6 and 7). In both failure modes the OL detection is filtered (t_OL=tOL) and is using together with the SCG detection the same digital filter for suppression of spikes. The failures are stored regarding to their priority (see above). A failure with a higher priority overwrites an eventually already detected failure with a lower priority. Diagnostic interface The communication between the microprocessor and the failure register runs via the SPI link. If there is a failure stored in the failure register, the first bit of the shift register is set to a high level. With the H/L change at the NCS pin the first bit of the diagnostic shift register will be transmitted to the SDO output. The SDO output is the serial output from the diagnostic shift register and it is tristate when the NCS pin is high. The CLK pin clocks the diagnostic shift register. New SDO data will appear on every rising edge of the CLK pin and new SDI data will be latched on every falling edge into the shift register. With the first positive pulse of the CLK the contents of the failure register is copied to the SPI shift register and a internal reset (FR_RESET) is generated. This internal reset clears the failure register and thus the failure register is capable of detecting failures also during the SPI read cycle. There is no bus collision at a small spike at the NCS. The CLK has to be LOW, while the NCS signal is changing. Current feedback Each channel has a current feedback output which sinks a current proportional to the load current of the Low Side Switch. Using this output servo loop applications can be realized by applying a PWM signal to the NON input. A typical diagram of the Current Feedback output at different temperatures is shown in figure 9. 14/17 L9362 Reset There are two different reset functions realized: Undervoltage reset As long as the voltage of Vcc is lower than Vccmin, the powerstages are switched off, the failure register is reset and the SDO output remains tristate. External reset As long as the NRES pin is low following circuits are reset: Powerstages Failure register and the SDO output is tristate. Undervoltage protection At Vcc below Vccmin the device remains switched off even if there is a voltage ramp at the OUT pin. Figure 11. Application Circuit VCC C2 C1 VS VCC VCC ROL VCC = NON1 NON2 dV/dt Control Driver S Reset OUT1 = Trigger (optional for all channels) C1 OUT2 = R C2 OUT3 NON3 Overtemp. NON1 C3 OUT4 NON4 Reset µC FR RESET C4 I_SCB Filter t_SCB IRES = NON1 VCC PGND1 PGND2 I_OL Filter t_OL = SDI Failure Register (FR) VCC = NON1 = PGND4 SCG Filter t_SCG CLK VCC PGND3 Shift Register VCC = Reset ≥1 CFB1 = VCC NSC OSC CFB2 IRES Under voltage RESET SDO LGND SGND CFB3 RESET = Oscillator ADC CFB4 NRES 99AT0011 15/17 L9362 DIM. A a1 a2 a3 b c D (1) D1 E e e3 E1 (1) E2 E3 E4 G H h L N S MIN. mm TYP. 0.10 0 0.22 0.23 15.80 9.40 13.90 MAX. 3.60 0.30 3.30 0.10 0.38 0.32 16.00 9.80 14.50 inch TYP. MIN. 0.004 0 0.008 0.009 0.622 0.370 0.547 0.65 11.05 10.90 0.0256 0.435 11.10 0.429 2.90 6.20 0.228 3.20 0.114 0.10 0 15.90 0.610 1.10 1.10 0.031 10°(max.) 8 °(max.) 5.80 2.90 0 15.50 0.80 OUTLINE AND MECHANICAL DATA MAX. 0.141 0.012 0.130 0.004 0.015 0.012 0.630 0.385 0.570 0.437 0.114 0.244 0.126 0.004 0.626 0.043 0.043 PowerSO36 (1): "D" and "E1" do not include mold flash or protrusions - Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.15mm (0.006 inch) - Critical dimensions are "a3", "E" and "G". N N a2 e A DETAIL A A c a1 DETAIL B E e3 H DETAIL A lead D slug a3 36 BOTTOM VIEW 19 E3 B E1 E2 D1 DETAIL B 0.35 Gage Plane 1 1 -C- 8 S h x 45˚ 16/17 b ⊕ 0.12 L SEATING PLANE G M AB PSO36MEC C (COPLANARITY) L9362 Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics. The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics 2002 STMicroelectronics - All Rights Reserved STMicroelectronics GROUP OF COMPANIES Australia - Brazil - Canada - China - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan -Malaysia - Malta - Morocco Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States. http://www.st.com 17/17