INA139 INA169 SBOS181C – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED JULY 2004 High-Side Measurement CURRENT SHUNT MONITOR FEATURES DESCRIPTION ● COMPLETE UNIPOLAR HIGH-SIDE CURRENT MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT ● WIDE SUPPLY AND COMMON-MODE RANGE ● INA139: 2.7V to 40V ● INA169: 2.7V to 60V ● INDEPENDENT SUPPLY AND INPUT COMMONMODE VOLTAGES ● SINGLE RESISTOR GAIN SET ● LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT (60µA typ) ● SOT23-5 PACKAGE The INA139 and INA169 are high-side, unipolar, current shunt monitors. Wide input common-mode voltage range, high-speed, low quiescent current, and tiny SOT23 packaging enable use in a variety of applications. Input common-mode and power-supply voltages are independent and can range from 2.7V to 40V for the INA139 and 2.7V to 60V for the INA169. Quiescent current is only 60µA, which permits connecting the power supply to either side of the current measurement shunt with minimal error. The device converts a differential input voltage to a current output. This current is converted back to a voltage with an external load resistor that sets any gain from 1 to over 100. Although designed for current shunt measurement, the circuit invites creative applications in measurement and level shifting. APPLICATIONS ● CURRENT SHUNT MEASUREMENT: Automotive, Telephone, Computers ● PORTABLE AND BATTERY-BACKUP SYSTEMS ● BATTERY CHARGERS ● POWER MANAGEMENT ● CELL PHONES ● PRECISION CURRENT SOURCE Both the INA139 and INA169 are available in SOT23-5 packages and are specified for the –40°C to +85°C industrial temperature range. IS RS VIN+ Up to 60V 4 3 VIN+ VIN– 1kΩ Load 1kΩ V+ 5 OUT GND 2 VO = ISRSRL/1kΩ 1 RL Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Copyright © 2000-2004, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. www.ti.com PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION(1) PACKAGE-LEAD PACKAGE DESIGNATOR SPECIFIED TEMPERATURE RANGE PACKAGE MARKING ORDERING NUMBER SOT23-5 Surface-Mount DBV –40°C to +85°C E39 INA139NA/250 Tape and Reel, 250 " " " " INA139NA/3K Tape and Reel, 3000 SOT23-5 Surface-Mount DBV –40°C to +85°C A69 INA169NA/250 Tape and Reel, 250 " " " " INA169NA/3K Tape and Reel, 3000 PRODUCT INA139 " INA169 " TRANSPORT MEDIA, QUANTITY NOTE: (1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum located at the end of this data sheet. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1) Supply Voltage, V+ INA139 ............................................................................... –0.3V to 60V INA169 ............................................................................... –0.3V to 75V Analog Inputs, VIN+, VIN– INA139 Common Mode ............................................................... –0.3V to 60V Differential (VIN+) – (VIN–) .................................................. –40V to 2V INA169 Common Mode ............................................................... –0.3V to 75V Differential (VIN+) – (VIN–) .................................................. –40V to 2V Analog Output, Out .............................................................. –0.3V to 40V Operating Temperature .................................................. –55°C to +125°C Storage Temperature ..................................................... –65°C to +125°C Junction Temperature .................................................................... +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ............................................... +300°C ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. NOTE: (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade device reliability. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those specified is not implied. PIN CONFIGURATION Top View 2 SOT OUT 1 GND 2 + VIN 3 5 V+ 4 – VIN INA139, INA169 www.ti.com SBOS181C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS At TA = –40°C to +85°C, VS = 5V, VIN+ = 12V, and ROUT = 25kΩ, unless otherwise noted. INA139NA PARAMETER CONDITION INPUT Full-Scale Sense Voltage Common-Mode Input Range Common-Mode Rejection MIN VSENSE = (VIN+) – (VIN–) VIN+ = 2.7V to 40V, VSENSE = 50mV VIN+ = 2.7V to 60V, VSENSE = 50mV 2.7 100 MAX MIN 100 500 40 ✽ TMIN to TMAX V– = 2.7V to 40V, VSENSE = 50mV V– = 2.7V to 60V, VSENSE = 50mV ±1 VSENSE = 10mV – 150mV VSENSE = 100mV VSENSE = 10mV to 150mV VSENSE = 100mV 990 1000 10 ±0.01 ±0.5 1 || 5 1010 ✽ ±0.1 ±2 Settling Time (0.1%) NOISE Output-Current Noise Density Total Output-Current Noise POWER SUPPLY Operating Range, V+ Quiescent Current UNITS ✽ ✽ 60 mV V dB dB mV µV/°C µV/V µV/V uA 120 ✽ ✽ ✽ 0.1 ✽ 10 ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ (V+) – 0.9 (V+) – 1.2 VCM – 0.6 VCM – 1.0 FREQUENCY RESPONSE Bandwidth MAX 10 10 OUTPUT Transconductance vs Temperature Nonlinearity Error Total Output Error Output Impedance Voltage Output Swing to Power Supply, V+ Swing to Common Mode, VCM TYP 115 100 Input Bias Current TEMPERATURE RANGE Specification, TMIN to TMAX Operating Storage Thermal Resistance TYP ±0.2 1 0.5 Voltage(1) Offset RTI vs Temperature vs Power Supply, V+ INA169NA ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ µA/V nA/°C % % GΩ || pF V V ROUT = 10kΩ ROUT = 20kΩ 5V Step, ROUT = 10kΩ 5V Step, ROUT = 20kΩ 440 220 2.5 5.0 ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ kHz kHz µs µs BW = 100kHz 20 7 ✽ ✽ pA/√Hz nA RMS 2.7 VSENSE = 0, IO = 0 60 –40 –55 –65 θJA 200 40 125 ✽ 85 125 150 ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ ✽ 60 ✽ V µA ✽ ✽ ✽ °C °C °C °C/W ✽ Specification same as for the INA139NA. NOTE: (1) Defined as the amount of input voltage, VSENSE, to drive the output to zero. INA139, INA169 SBOS181C www.ti.com 3 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, VIN+ = 12V, and RL = 25kΩ, unless otherwise noted. COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs FREQUENCY GAIN vs FREQUENCY 40 120 Common-Mode Rejection (dB) RL = 100kΩ 30 RL = 10kΩ Gain (dB) 20 10 RL = 1kΩ 0 –10 –20 G = 100 100 80 G = 10 60 G=1 40 20 0 100 10k 1k 100k 10M 1M 0.1 10 1 Frequency (Hz) POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION vs FREQUENCY 10k 1k 100k TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs VIN 140 5 VIN = (VIN+ − VIN−) –55°C Total Output Error (%) 120 G = 100 100 PSR (dB) 100 Frequency (Hz) G = 10 80 G=1 60 0 +150°C –5 +25°C –10 40 –15 20 1 100 10 1k 100k 10k 0 25 50 Frequency (Hz) 125 150 200 QUIESCENT CURRENT vs POWER-SUPPLY VOLTAGE 100 2 Output error is essentially independent of both V+ supply voltage and input common-mode voltage. 1 Quiescent Current (µA) Total Output Error (%) 100 VIN (mV) TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs POWER-SUPPLY VOLTAGE G=1 0 G = 10 G = 25 –1 –2 +150° 80 +125° +25° 60 –55° 40 20 Use the INA169 with (V+) > 40V 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 70 Power-Supply Voltage (V) 4 75 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Power-Supply Voltage (V) INA139, INA169 www.ti.com SBOS181C TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.) At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, VIN+ = 12V, and RL = 25kΩ, unless otherwise noted. STEP RESPONSE STEP RESPONSE 1.5V 1V G = 100 G = 50 0.5V 0V 1V 2V G = 100 G = 10 0V 0V 10µs/div 20µs/div OPERATION The transfer function for the INA139 is: Figure 1 shows the basic circuit diagram for both the INA139 and the INA169. Load current, IS, is drawn from the supply, VS, through the shunt resistor, RS. The voltage drop in the shunt resistor, VS, is forced across RG1 by the internal op amp, causing current to flow into the collector of Q1. The external resistor, RL, converts the output current to a voltage, VOUT, at the OUT pin. IO = gm (VIN+) – (VIN–) (1) where gm = 1000µA/V (2) In the circuit of Figure 1, the input voltage, (VIN+) – (VIN–), is equal to IS • RS and the output voltage, VOUT, is equal to IO • RL. The transconductance, gm, of the INA139 is 1000µA/V. The complete transfer function for the current measurement amplifier in this application is: VOUT = (IS) (RS) (1000µA/V) (RL) VP Load Power Supply +2.7V to 40V(1) V+ power can be common or indepedent of load supply. Shunt RS VIN+ IS VIN– 4 3 Load V+ RG1 1kΩ 2.7V ≤ (V+) ≤ 40V(1) (3) RG2 1kΩ 5 Q1 VOLTAGE GAIN EXACT RL (Ω) NEAREST 1% RL (Ω) 1 1k 1k 2 2k 2k 5 5k 4.99k 10 10k 10k 20 20k 20k 50 50k 49k 100 100k 100k INA139 2 OUT 1 + IO RL VO – NOTE: (1) Maximum VP and V+ voltage is 60V with the INA169. FIGURE 1. Basic Circuit Connections. INA139, INA169 SBOS181C www.ti.com 5 The maximum differential input voltage for accurate measurements is 0.5V, which produces a 500µA output current. A differential input voltage of up to 2V will not cause damage. Differential measurements (pins 3 and 4) must be unipolar with a more-positive voltage applied to pin 3. If a morenegative voltage is applied to pin 3, the output current (IO) is zero, but will not cause damage. IS 3 4 INA139 BASIC CONNECTION RL Figure 1 shows the basic connection of the INA139. The input pins, VIN+ and VIN– , must be connected as closely as possible to the shunt resistor to minimize any resistance in series with the shunt resistance. The output resistor, RL, is shown connected between pin 1 and ground. Best accuracy is achieved with the output voltage measured directly across RL. This is especially important in high-current systems where load current can flow in the ground connections, affecting the measurement accuracy. No power-supply bypass capacitors are required for stability of the INA139. However, applications with noisy or highimpedance power supplies can require decoupling capacitors to reject power-supply noise; connect the bypass capacitors close to the device pins. ZIN OPA340 Buffer of amp drives the A/D converter without affecting gain. FIGURE 2. Buffering Output to Drive the A/D Converter. OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE The output of the INA139 is a current that is converted to a voltage by the load resistor, RL. The output current remains accurate within the compliance voltage range of the output circuitry. The shunt voltage and the input common-mode and power-supply voltages limit the maximum possible output swing. The maximum output voltage compliance is limited by the lower of the two equations below: VOUT MAX = (V+) – 0.7V – (VIN+ – VIN–) (4) or POWER SUPPLIES VOUT The input circuitry of the INA139 can accurately measure beyond its power-supply voltage, V+. For example, the V+ power supply can be 5V whereas the load power-supply voltage is up to +36V (or +60V with the INA169). However, the output voltage range of the OUT terminal (pin 1) is limited by the lesser of the two voltages (see the Output Voltage Range section). SELECTING RS AND RL The value chosen for the shunt resistor, RS, depends on the application and is a compromise between small-signal accuracy and maximum permissible voltage loss in the measurement line. High values of RS provide better accuracy at lower currents by minimizing the effects of offset, whereas low values of RS minimize voltage loss in the supply line. For most applications, best performance is attained with an RS value that provides a full-scale shunt voltage of 50mV to 100mV; maximum input voltage for accurate measurements is 500mV. RL is chosen to provide the desired full-scale output voltage. The output impedance of the INA139 OUT terminal is very high, which permits using values of RL up to 100kΩ with excellent accuracy. The input impedance of any additional circuitry at the output must be much higher than the value of RL to avoid degrading accuracy. Some Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converters have input impedances that will significantly affect measurement gain. The input impedance of the A/D converter can be included as part of the effective RL if its input can be modeled as a resistor to ground. Alternatively, an op amp can be used to buffer the A/D converter input, as shown in Figure 2, see Figure 1 for recommended values of RL. 6 MAX = (VIN–) – 0.5V (5) (whichever is lower) BANDWIDTH Measurement bandwidth is affected by the value of the load resistor, RL. High gain produced by high values of RL will yield a narrower measurement bandwidth (see the Typical Characteristics). For widest possible bandwidth, keep the capacitive load on the output to a minimum. If bandwidth limiting (filtering) is desired, a capacitor can be added to the output, as shown in Figure 3, which will not cause instability. 3 4 f–3dB INA139 1 f–3dB = 2πRLCL VO RL CL FIGURE 3. Output Filter. APPLICATIONS The INA139 is designed for current shunt measurement circuits (see Figure 1), but its basic function is useful in a wide range of circuitry. A creative engineer will find many unforeseen uses in measurement and level shifting circuits. A few ideas are illustrated in Figures 4 through 7. INA139, INA169 www.ti.com SBOS181C 3 4 3 VR INA139 4 REF200 100µA INA139 R1 VO 1 V+ VO 1 R2 RL Gain Set by R1 R2 (V )R Output Offset = R 2 R1 + R 2 Gain Set by RL Output Offset = (100µA)(RL) (independent of V+) a) Using resistor divider. b) Using current source. FIGURE 4. Offsetting the Output Voltage. ±1A Charger 1Ω 3 4 4 3 + 48V +5V 1kΩ 1kΩ 1kΩ +5V 1kΩ 5 Load 5 INA169 2 1 INA169 2 1 1N4148 Comparator 1N4148 SIGN 10KΩ 10KΩ 0V to 1V VO 100KΩ FIGURE 5. Bipolar Current Measurement. INA139, INA169 SBOS181C www.ti.com 7 RS V+ 4 3 4 3 +5V +5V +5V 5 REFOUT BUFIN 5 Digital I/O INA139 BUF INA139 2 1 REF BUFOUT 2 1 RL 25kΩ MUX RL 25kΩ 12-Bit A/D Converter PGIA Clock Divider Oscillator Serial I/O ADS7870 The A/D converter is programmed for differential input. Depending on the polarity of the current, one INA139 provides an output voltage whereas the other’s output is zero. FIGURE 6. Bipolar Current Measurement Using a Differential Input of the A/D Converter. Other INA169s Digital I/O on the ADS7870 provides power to select the desired INA169. Diodes prevent output current of an “on” INA169 from flowing into an “off” INA169. INA169 V+ +5V –– REFOUT BUFIN Digital I/O REF BUFOUT BUF INA169 V+ –– MUX 12-Bit A/D Converter PGIA 1N4148 RL Clock Divider Oscillator Serial I/O ADS7870 FIGURE 7. Multiplexed Measurement Using Logic Signal for Power. 8 INA139, INA169 www.ti.com SBOS181C PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 15-Jul-2004 PACKAGING INFORMATION ORDERABLE DEVICE STATUS(1) PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE DRAWING PINS PACKAGE QTY INA139NA/250 ACTIVE SOP DBV 5 250 3000 INA139NA/3K ACTIVE SOP DBV 5 INA169NA/250 ACTIVE SOP DBV 5 250 INA169NA/3K ACTIVE SOP DBV 5 3000 (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. 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