INA INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 28x www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 High-Accuracy, Wide Common-Mode Range, Bi-Directional CURRENT SHUNT MONITOR Zerø-Drift Series Check for Samples: INA282, INA283, INA284, INA285, INA286 FEATURES DESCRIPTION • • • • The INA282 family, which includes the INA282, INA283, INA284, INA285, and INA286 devices, are voltage output current shunt monitors that can sense drops across shunts at common-mode voltages from –14V to +80V, independent of the supply voltage. The low offset of the Zerø-Drift architecture enables current sensing with maximum drops across the shunt as low as 10mV full-scale. 1 2 • • WIDE COMMON-MODE RANGE: –14V to 80V OFFSET VOLTAGE: ±20mV CMRR: 140dB ACCURACY: – ±1.4% Gain Error (Max) – 0.3mV/°C Offset Drift – 0.005%/°C Gain Drift (Max) AVAILABLE GAINS: – 50V/V: INA282 – 100V/V: INA286 – 200V/V: INA283 – 500V/V: INA284 – 1000V/V: INA285 QUIESCENT CURRENT: 900mA (Max) These current shunt monitors operate from a single +2.7V to +18V supply, drawing a maximum of 900mA of supply current. They are specified over the extended operating temperature range of –40°C to +125°C, and offered in an SOIC-8 package. Supply -14V to +80V +2.7V to +18V +IN APPLICATIONS • • • • Load TELECOM EQUIPMENT AUTOMOTIVE POWER MANAGEMENT SOLAR INVERTERS 1 V+ -IN Æ2 Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 1 Æ1 OUT ZerÆDrift GAIN PRODUCT 50V/V 100V/V 200V/V 500V/V 1000V/V INA282 INA286 INA283 INA284 INA285 33.3kW 33.3kW Output REF2 REF1 GND 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED this document contains PRODUCTION DATA information current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 www.ti.com This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION (1) PRODUCT GAIN PACKAGE PACKAGE DESIGNATOR PACKAGE MARKING INA282 50V/V SOIC-8 D I282A INA283 (1) (2) (2) 200V/V SOIC-8 D I283A INA284 500V/V SOIC-8 D I284A INA285 1000V/V SOIC-8 D I285A INA286 100V/V SOIC-8 D I286A For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum located at the end of this data sheet, or refer to the device product folder at www.ti.com. Shaded cells indicate a product preview device. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) Over operating free-air temperature range, unless otherwise noted. Supply Voltage Analog Inputs, V+IN, V–IN (2) Differential (V+IN) – (V–IN) (3) Common-Mode Ref1, Ref2, Out Input Current into Any Pin INA282, INA283, INA284, INA285, INA286 UNIT +18 V –5 to +5 V –14 to +80 V GND–0.3 to (V+) + 0.3 V 5 mA Storage Temperature –65 to +150 °C Junction Temperature +150 °C Human Body Model (HBM) 3000 V Charged-Device Model (CDM) 1000 V Machine Model (MM) 200 V ESD Ratings: (1) (2) (3) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade device reliability. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those specified is not implied. V+IN and V–IN are the voltages at the +IN and –IN pins, respectively. Input voltages must not exceed common-mode rating. THERMAL INFORMATION INA282AID, INA283AID, INA284AID, INA285AID, INA286AID THERMAL METRIC (1) UNITS D 8 qJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 134.9 qJCtop Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 72.9 qJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance 61.3 yJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter 18.9 yJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter 54.3 qJCbot Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance n/a (1) 2 °C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = –40°C to +125°C. At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, V+IN = 12V, VREF1 = VREF2 = 2.048V referenced to GND, and VSENSE = V+IN – V–IN, unless otherwise noted. INA282, INA283, INA284, INA285, INA286 PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT INPUT Offset Voltage, RTI (1) VOS vs Temperature dVOS/dT vs Power Supply PSRR Common-Mode Input Range Common-Mode Rejection Input Bias Current per Pin (2) Input Offset Current VSENSE = 0mV VS = +2.7V to +18V, VSENSE = 0mV VCM ±20 ±70 mV ±0.3 ±1.5 mV/°C 3 –14 CMRR V+IN = –14V to +80V, VSENSE = 0mV mV/V 80 120 V 140 dB IB VSENSE = 0mV 25 mA IOS VSENSE = 0mV 1 mA 6 kΩ Differential Input Impedance REFERENCE INPUTS Reference Input Gain 1 Reference Input Voltage Range (3) 0 Divider Accuracy (4) Reference Voltage Rejection Ratio V ±0.2 ±0.5 % ±25 ±75 VREF1 = VREF2 = 40mV to 9V, V+ = 18V INA282 vs Temperature 0.055 INA283 ±13 vs Temperature ±6 vs Temperature ±30 ±4 vs Temperature ±25 ±17 vs Temperature mV/V mV/V/°C ±10 0.010 INA286 mV/V mV/V/°C 0.015 INA285 mV/V mV/V/°C 0.040 INA284 mV/V mV/V/°C ±45 mV/V 0.040 mV/V/°C GND + 0.5V ≤ VOUT ≤ (V+) – 0.5V; VREF1 = VREF2 = (V+)/2 for all devices GAIN (5) Gain V/V VGND + 9 G INA282 V+ = +5V 50 V/V INA283 V+ = +5V 200 V/V INA284 V+ = +12V 500 V/V INA285 V+ = +12V 1000 V/V INA286 V+ = +5V 100 V/V Gain Error INA282, INA283, INA286 ±0.4 ±1.4 INA284, INA285 ±0.4 ±1.5 % % vs Temperature 0.0008 0.005 %/°C OUTPUT Nonlinearity Error ±0.01 Output Impedance 1.5 Ω 1 nF Maximum Capacitive Load (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) No sustained oscillation % RTI = referred-to-input. See typical characteristic graph Figure 20 . The average of the voltage on pins REF1 and REF2 must be between VGND and the lesser of (VGND+9V) and V+. Reference divider accuracy specifies the match between the reference divider resistors using the configuration in Figure 37. See typical characteristic graph Figure 25. Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 3 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = –40°C to +125°C. At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, V+IN = 12V, VREF1 = VREF2 = 2.048V referenced to GND, and VSENSE = V+IN – V–IN, unless otherwise noted. INA282, INA283, INA284, INA285, INA286 PARAMETER CONDITIONS VOLTAGE OUTPUT (6) MIN TYP MAX UNIT (V+)–0.17 (V+)–0.4 V GND+0.015 GND+0.04 V RL = 10kΩ to GND Swing to V+ Power-Supply Rail V+ = 5V Swing to GND FREQUENCY RESPONSE Effective Bandwidth (7) BW INA282 10 kHz INA283 10 kHz INA284 4 kHz INA285 2 kHz INA286 10 kHz 110 nV/√Hz NOISE, RTI (8) Voltage Noise Density 1kHz POWER SUPPLY Specified Voltage Range VS Quiescent Current +2.7 IQ 600 +18 V 900 mA +125 °C TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Range (6) (7) (8) 4 –40 See typical characteristic graphs Figure 29 through Figure 31. See typical characteristic graph Figure 15 and the Effective Bandwidth section in the Applications Information. RTI = referred-to-input. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 PIN CONFIGURATION D PACKAGE SOIC-8 (TOP VIEW) -IN 1 8 +IN GND 2 7 REF1 REF2 3 6 V+ (1) 4 5 OUT NC (1) NC: This pin is not internally connected. The NC pin should either be left floating or connected to GND. PIN DESCRIPTIONS SOIC-8 PIN NO. NAME 1 –IN DESCRIPTION 2 GND Ground 3 REF2 Reference voltage connection - See application section for connection options. 4 NC 5 OUT Output voltage 6 V+ Power supply 7 REF1 8 +IN Connection to negative side of shunt resistor. This pin is not internally connected. The NC pin should either be left floating or connected to GND. Reference voltage connection - See application section for connection options. Connection to positive side of shunt resistor. Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 5 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, V+IN = 12V, VREF1 = VREF2 = 2.048V referenced to GND, and VSENSE = V+IN – V–IN, unless otherwise noted. START-UP TRANSIENT RESPONSE START-UP TRANSIENT RESPONSE VREF = GND, VDRIVE = 0.125V, RLOAD = 10kW, CLOAD = 10pF CLOAD = 10pF VREF = GND VDRIVE = 0.125V RLOAD = 10kW 5V/div 5V/div VOUT 500mV/div 500mV/div VOUT V+ V+ 250ms/div Figure 1. Figure 2. 12V COMMON-MODE STEP RESPONSE 12V COMMON-MODE STEP RESPONSE 500mV/div 500mV/div 25ms/div VOUT VOUT 5V/div VCM 2.5ms/div 2.5ms/div Figure 3. Figure 4. 12V COMMON-MODE STEP RESPONSE 12V COMMON-MODE STEP RESPONSE 500mV/div 500mV/div 5V/div VCM VOUT VOUT 5V/div 5V/div VCM 6 VCM 2.5ms/div 2.5ms/div Figure 5. Figure 6. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, V+IN = 12V, VREF1 = VREF2 = 2.048V referenced to GND, and VSENSE = V+IN – V–IN, unless otherwise noted. VOUT VCM 10V/div 500mV/div VOUT VCM 5ms/div Figure 8. 100mV STEP RESPONSE 500mV STEP RESPONSE 100mV/div 5ms/div Figure 7. 20mV/div 10V/div 50V COMMON-MODE STEP RESPONSE 500mV/div 50V COMMON-MODE STEP RESPONSE 10ms/div Figure 9. Figure 10. 4V STEP RESPONSE 17V STEP RESPONSE 5V/div 1V/div 10ms/div 25ms/div 25ms/div Figure 11. Figure 12. Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 7 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, V+IN = 12V, VREF1 = VREF2 = 2.048V referenced to GND, and VSENSE = V+IN – V–IN, unless otherwise noted. INA282 PSRR (RTI) vs FREQUENCY INPUT OVERLOAD 120 Power-Supply Rejection Ratio (dB) Input Drive (1V to 0V) 1V/div VOUT (5V to midsupply) 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 25ms/div 100 1k 10k 100k 1M Frequency (Hz) Figure 13. Figure 14. GAIN vs FREQUENCY INA284 COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO (RTI) 150 Common-Mode Rejectio Ratio (dB) 60 50 Gain (dB) 40 30 20 10 INA282 (50V/V) INA285 (1kV/V) INA284 (500V/V) INA283 (200V/V) INA286 (100V/V) 0 -10 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 -20 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1 1M 10 Frequency (Hz) 10k Figure 15. Figure 16. INA282 COMMON-MODE SLEW RATE INDUCED OFFSET INA286 OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs FREQUENCY 100k 1k 0.01 100 ROUT (W) 0.001 0.0001 10 1 0.00001 0.000001 0.1 1k 10k 100k VCM Slew Rate (V/sec) 1M 10 100 1k Submit Documentation Feedback 10k 100k 1M Frequency (Hz) Figure 17. 8 1k Frequency (Hz) 0.1 VOS, Referred-to-Input (V) 100 Figure 18. Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, V+IN = 12V, VREF1 = VREF2 = 2.048V referenced to GND, and VSENSE = V+IN – V–IN, unless otherwise noted. INA282 TYPICAL NONLINEARITY vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE INA283 +IN BIAS CURRENT vs COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE 30 0.06 VSENSE = -50mV to +50mV 20 +IN Bias Current (mA) Nonlinearity (%) 0.04 0.02 0 V+ = 18V -0.02 V+ = 3.5V -0.04 V+ = 18V 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -0.06 0 3 6 9 12 15 -20 -10 18 0 10 QUIESCENT CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 800 800 Quiescent Current (mA) Quiescent Current (mA) 50 INA283 QUIESCENT CURRENT vs COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE 850 V+ = 18V 700 650 V+ = 5V 550 500 60 70 80 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 V+ = 2.7V 450 40 Figure 20. 900 600 30 Figure 19. 900 750 20 Common-Mode Voltage (V) VOUT (V) 400 0 0 -20 20 40 60 80 2 4 6 8 Common-Mode Voltage (V) 10 12 14 16 18 Supply Voltage (V) Figure 21. Figure 22. COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO vs TEMPERATURE QUIESCENT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 170 980 160 880 V+ = 12V 150 Quiescent Current (mA) Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (dB) V+ = 5V V+ = 2.7V 10 140 130 120 V+ = 5V 110 100 90 V+ = 18V 780 V+ = 5V 680 580 480 380 V+ = 2.7V 280 180 80 80 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 Temperature (°C) 100 125 150 -75 -50 -25 0 25 Figure 23. Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated 50 75 100 125 150 Temperature (°C) Figure 24. Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 9 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, V+IN = 12V, VREF1 = VREF2 = 2.048V referenced to GND, and VSENSE = V+IN – V–IN, unless otherwise noted. +IN BIAS CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE GAIN vs TEMPERATURE 1.0 0 0.8 -5 0.4 +IN Bias Current (mA) Deviation in Gain (%) 0.6 V+ = 5V 0.2 0 -0.2 V+ = 12V -0.4 -0.6 -10 V+ = 2.7V -15 -20 V+ = 5V -25 V+ = 18V -30 -0.8 -35 -1.0 -40 VCM = 0V -75 -50 -25 0 25 75 50 100 125 150 -75 -50 0 -25 25 75 50 100 125 150 Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) Figure 25. Figure 26. INA282 VOLTAGE NOISE vs FREQUENCY Voltage Noise, RTO (mV/ÖHz) 6.0 0.12 5.5 0.11 5.0 0.10 4.5 0.09 4.0 0.08 3.5 0.07 3.0 100 Time (1s/div) 1k Voltage Noise, RTI (mV/ÖHz) Voltage Noise, RTI (200nV/div) INA282 0.1Hz TO 10Hz VOLTAGE NOISE, RTI 0.06 100k 10k Frequency (Hz) Figure 27. Figure 28. INA284 SWING TO RAIL WITH SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT Source 2.7V ISC = 3.4mA VOUT, Sinking (V) 14 12 -2 700 -4 -6 Source 18V ISC = 5.8mA 10 800 Sink 18V ISC = 8.6mA -8 8 -10 6 -12 Sink 2.7V ISC = 6.2mA 4 -14 Sink 5V ISC = 8.2mA 2 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 IOUT (mA) 7 8 9 10 -16 -18 VDROP from Rail, Sourcing (V) Source 5V ISC = 5.2mA 16 INA283 SWING TO RAIL vs OUTPUT CURRENT 0 Swing to Rail (mV) 18 500 400 -40°C 300 200 2.7V Swing 5V Swing 100 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Submit Documentation Feedback 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 IOUT, Sourcing (mA) Figure 29. 10 +25°C +85°C +125°C 600 Figure 30. Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) At TA = +25°C, V+ = 5V, V+IN = 12V, VREF1 = VREF2 = 2.048V referenced to GND, and VSENSE = V+IN – V–IN, unless otherwise noted. INA283 SWING TO GROUND vs OUTPUT CURRENT 400 Swing to Ground (mV) 350 300 250 +125°C 200 150 100 2.7V Swing 5V Swing 18V Swing +85°C 50 +25°C 0 0 0.5 -40°C 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 IOUT, Sinking (mA) Figure 31. Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 11 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 www.ti.com APPLICATIONS INFORMATION GENERAL INFORMATION The INA282 family voltage output current shunt monitors feature a common-mode range that extends 14V below the negative supply rail, as well as up to 80V, which allows use for either low-side or high-side current sensing. BASIC CONNECTIONS Figure 32 shows the basic connection of an INA282 family device. The input pins, +IN and –IN, should be connected as closely as possible to the shunt resistor to minimize any resistance in series with the shunt resistance. Supply -14V to +80V Load +2.7V to +18V +IN 1 V+ -IN Æ2 Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 1 Æ1 OUT ZerÆDrift GAIN PRODUCT 50V/V 100V/V 200V/V 500V/V 1000V/V INA282 INA286 INA283 INA284 INA285 33.3kW 33.3kW Output REF2 REF1 GND Figure 32. Typical Application Power-supply bypass capacitors are required for stability. Applications with noisy or high-impedance power supplies may require additional decoupling capacitors to reject power-supply noise. Connect bypass capacitors close to the device pins. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 POWER SUPPLY The INA282 family can make accurate measurements well outside of its own power-supply voltage, V+, because its inputs (+IN and –IN) may operate anywhere between –14V and +80V independent of V+. For example, the V+ power supply can be 5V while the common-mode voltage being monitored by the shunt may be as high as +80V. Of course, the output voltage range of the INA282 family is constrained by the supply voltage that powers it on V+. Note that when the power to the INA282 family is off (that is, no voltage is supplied to the V+ pin), the input pins (+IN and –IN) are high impedance with respect to ground and typically leak less than ±1mA over the full common-mode range of –14V to +80V SELECTING RS The Zerø-Drift architecture of the INA282 family enables use with full-scale range shunt voltages as low as 10mV. EFFECTIVE BANDWIDTH The extremely high dc CMRR of the INA282 family results from the switched capacitor input structure. Because of this architecture, the INA28x exhibits discrete time system behaviors as illustrated in the gain versus frequency graph of Figure 16 and the step response curves of Figure 3 through Figure 10. The response to a step input depends somewhat on the phase of the internal INA28x clock when the input step occurs. It is possible to overload the input amplifier with a rapid change in input common-mode voltage (see Figure 17). Errors as a result of common-mode voltage steps and/or overload situations typically disappear within 15ms after the disturbance is removed. TRANSIENT PROTECTION The –14V to +80V common-mode range of the INA282 family is ideal for withstanding automotive fault conditions that range from 12V battery reversal up to +80V transients; no additional protective components are needed up to those levels. In the event that the INA282 family is exposed to transients on the inputs in excess of its ratings, then external transient absorption with semiconductor transient absorbers (Zener or Transzorbs) will be necessary. Use of MOVs or VDRs is not recommended except when they are used in addition to a semiconductor transient absorber. Select the transient absorber such that it cannot allow the INA282 family to be exposed to transients greater than 80V (that is, allow for transient absorber tolerance, as well as additional voltage as a result of transient absorber dynamic impedance). Despite the use of internal zener-type electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, the INA282 family does not lend itself to using external resistors in series with the inputs without degrading gain accuracy. SHUTDOWN While the INA282 family does not provide a shutdown pin, the quiescent current of 600mA enables it to be powered from the output of a logic gate. Take the gate low to shut down the INA282 family devices. Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 13 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 www.ti.com REFERENCE PIN CONNECTION OPTIONS Figure 33 illustrates a test circuit for reference divider accuracy. The output of the INA282 family can be connected for unidirectional or bidirectional operation. Note that neither the REF1 pin nor the REF2 pin may be connected to any voltage source lower than GND or higher than V+, and that the effective reference voltage (REF1 + REF2)/2 must be 9V or less. This parameter means that the V+ reference output connection shown in Figure 35 is not allowed for V+ greater than 9V. However, the split-supply reference connection shown in Figure 37 is allowed for all values of V+ up to 18V. V+ +IN Æ1 V+ -IN Æ2 Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 See Note (1) Æ1 Æ1 OUT ZerÆDrift GAIN PRODUCT 50V/V 100V/V 200V/V 500V/V 1000V/V INA282 INA286 INA283 INA284 INA285 33.3kW 33.3kW REF2 REF1 GND (1) Reference divider accuracy is determined by measuring the output with the reference voltage applied to alternate reference resistors, and calculating a result such that the amplifier offset is cancelled in the final measurement. Figure 33. Test Circuit for Reference Divider Accuracy 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 UNIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION Unidirectional operation allows the INA282 family to measure currents through a resistive shunt in one direction. In the case of unidirectional operation, the output could be set at the negative rail (near ground, and the most common connection) or at the positive rail (near V+) when the differential input is 0V. The output moves to the opposite rail when a correct polarity differential input voltage is applied. The required polarity of the differential input depends on the output voltage setting. If the output is set at the positive rail, the input polarity must be negative to move the output down. If the output is set at ground, the polarity is positive to move the output up. The following sections describe how to configure the output for unidirectional operation. Ground Referenced Output When using the INA282 family in this mode, both reference inputs are connected to ground; this configuration takes the output to the negative rail when there is 0V differential at the input (as Figure 34 shows). Supply -14V to +80V Load V+ +IN Æ1 V+ -IN Æ2 Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ1 Æ1 OUT ZerÆDrift GAIN PRODUCT 50V/V 100V/V 200V/V 500V/V 1000V/V INA282 INA286 INA283 INA284 INA285 33.3kW 33.3kW Output REF2 REF1 GND Figure 34. Ground Referenced Output Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 15 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 www.ti.com V+ Referenced Output This mode is set when both reference pins are connected to the positive supply. It is typically used when a diagnostic scheme requires detection of the amplifier and the wiring before power is applied to the load (as shown in Figure 35). ISENSE Supply -14V to +80V Load V+ +IN Æ1 V+ -IN Æ2 Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ1 Æ1 OUT ZerÆDrift GAIN PRODUCT 50V/V 100V/V 200V/V 500V/V 1000V/V INA282 INA286 INA283 INA284 INA285 33.3kW 33.3kW Output REF2 REF1 GND Figure 35. V+ Referenced Output 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION Bidirectional operation allows the INA282 family to measure currents through a resistive shunt in two directions. In this case, the output can be set anywhere within the limits of what the reference inputs allow (that is, between 0V to 9V, but never to exceed the supply voltage). Typically, it is set at half-scale for equal range in both directions. In some cases, however, it is set at a voltage other than half-scale when the bidirectional current is nonsymmetrical. The quiescent output voltage is set by applying voltage(s) to the reference inputs. REF1 and REF2 are connected to internal resistors that connect to an internal offset node. There is no operational difference between the pins. External Reference Output Connecting both pins together and to a reference produces an output at the reference voltage when there is no differential input; this configuration is illustrated in Figure 36. The output moves down from the reference voltage when the input is negative relative to the –IN pin and up when the input is positive relative to the –IN pin. Note that this technique is the most accurate way to bias the output to a precise voltage. Supply -14V to +80V Load V+ +IN Æ1 V+ -IN Æ2 Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ1 Æ1 OUT ZerÆDrift GAIN PRODUCT 50V/V 100V/V 200V/V 500V/V 1000V/V INA282 INA286 INA283 INA284 INA285 33.3kW 33.3kW Output REF3020 2.048V Reference REF2 REF1 GND Figure 36. External Reference Output Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 17 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 www.ti.com Splitting the Supply By connecting one reference pin to V+ and the other to the ground pin, the output is set at half of the supply when there is no differential input, as shown in Figure 37. This method creates a midscale offset that is ratiometric to the supply voltage; thus, if the supply increases or decreases, the output remains at half the supply. Supply -14V to +80V Load V+ +IN Æ1 V+ -IN Æ2 Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ1 Æ1 OUT ZerÆDrift GAIN PRODUCT 50V/V 100V/V 200V/V 500V/V 1000V/V INA282 INA286 INA283 INA284 INA285 33.3kW 33.3kW Output REF2 REF1 GND Figure 37. Split-Supply Output 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 Splitting an External Reference In this case, an external reference is divided by 2 with an accuracy of approximately 0.5% by connecting one REF pin to ground and the other REF pin to the reference (as Figure 38 illustrates). Supply -14V to +80V Load V+ +IN Æ1 V+ -IN Æ2 Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ1 Æ1 OUT ZerÆDrift GAIN PRODUCT 50V/V 100V/V 200V/V 500V/V 1000V/V INA282 INA286 INA283 INA284 INA285 33.3kW 33.3kW Output REF02 5V Reference REF2 REF1 GND Figure 38. Split Reference Output Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 19 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 www.ti.com EXTENDED NEGATIVE COMMON-MODE RANGE Using a negative power supply can extend the common-mode range 14V more negative than the supply used. For instance, a –10V supply allows up to –24V negative common-mode. Remember to keep the total voltage between the GND pin and V+ pin to less than 18V. The positive common-mode decreases by the same amount. The reference input simplifies this type of operation because the output quiescent bias point is always based on the reference connections. Figure 39 shows a circuit configuration for common-mode ranges from –24V to +70V. Supply -24V to +70V Load V+ = 5V +IN 1 -IN Æ2 V+ Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ1 Æ1 OUT ZerÆDrift PRODUCT GAIN INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 50V/V 200V/V 500V/V 1000V/V 100V/V 33.3kW 33.3kW REF2 REF1 See Note (1) GND Connect to -10V (1) Connect the REF pins as desired; however, they cannot exceed 9V above the GND pin voltage. Figure 39. Circuit Configuration for Common-Mode Ranges from –24V to +70V CALCULATING TOTAL ERROR The electrical specifications for the INA282-286 family of devices include the typical individual errors terms such as gain error, offset error, and nonlinearity error. Total error including all of these individual error components is not specified in the Electrical Characteristics table. In order to accurately calculate the error that can be expected from the device, we must first know the operating conditions to which the device is subjected. Some current shunt monitors specify a total error in the product data sheet. However, this total error term is accurate under only one particular set of operating conditions. Specifying the total error at this one point has little practical value because any deviation from these specific operating conditions no longer yields the same total error value. This section discusses the individual error sources, with information on how to apply them in order to calculate the total error value for the device under any normal operating conditions. The typical error sources that have the largest impact on the total error of the device are input offset voltage, common-mode voltage rejection, gain error and nonlinearity error. For the INA282-286, an additional error source referred to as Reference Common-Mode Rejection is also included in the total error value. 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 The nonlinearity error of the INA282-286 is relatively low compared to the gain error specification, which results in a gain error that can be expected to be relatively constant throughout the linear input range of the device. While the gain error remains constant across the linear input range of the device, the error associated with the input offset voltage does not. As the differential input voltage developed across a shunt resistor at the input of the INA282-286 decreases, the inherent input offset voltage of the device becomes a larger percentage of the measured input signal resulting in an increase in error in the measurement. This varying error is present among all current shunt monitors, given the input offset voltage ratio to the voltage being sensed by the device. The relatively low input offset voltages present in the INA282-286 devices limit the amount of contribution the offset voltage has on the total error term. The term Reference Common-Mode Rejection refers to the amount of error induced by applying a reference voltage to the INA282-286 device that deviates from the inherent bias voltage present at the output of the first stage of the device. The output of the switched-capacitor network and first-stage amplifier has an inherent bias voltage of approximately 2.048V. Applying a reference voltage of 2.048V to the INA282-286 reference pins results in no additional error term contribution. Applying a voltage to the reference pins that differs from 2.048V creates a voltage potential in the internal difference amplifier, resulting in additional current flowing through the resistor network. As a result of resistor tolerances, this additional current flow causes additional error at the output because of resistor mismatches. Additionally, as a result of resistor tolerances, this additional current flow causes additional error at the output based on the common-mode rejection ratio of the output stage amplifier. This error term is referred back to the input of the device as additional input offset voltage. Increasing the difference between the 2.048V internal bias and the external reference voltage results in a higher input offset voltage. Also, as the error at the output is referred back to the input, there is a larger impact on the input-referred offset, VOS, for the lower-gain versions of the device. Two examples are provided that detail how different operating conditions can affect the total error calculations. Typical and maximum calculations are shown as well to provide the user more information on how much error variance could be present from device to device. Example 1 INA282; VS = 5V; VCM = 12V; VREF = 2.048V; VSENSE = 10mV Table 1. Example 1 TERM SYMBOL EQUATION TYPICAL VALUE MAXIMUM VALUE Initial Input Offset Voltage VOS — 20mV 70mV Added Input Offset Voltage Because of Common-Mode Voltage VOS_CM 0mV 0mV Added Input Offset Voltage Because of Reference Voltage VOS_REF 0mV 0mV Total Input Offset Voltage VOS_Total (VOS)2 + (VOS_CM)2 + (VOS_REF)2 20mV 70mV Error from Input Offset Voltage Error_VOS VOS_Total VSENSE ´ 100 0.20% 0.70% 1 20 ( 10 ( CMRR_dB ´ (VCM - 12V) RCMR ´ (2.048V - VREF) Gain Error Error_Gain — 0.40% 1.40% Nonlinearity Error Error_Lin — 0.01% 0.01% Total Error — (Error_VOS)2 + (Error_Gain)2 + (Error_Lin)2 0.45% 1.56% Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 21 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 www.ti.com Example 2 INA286; VS = 5V; VCM = 24V; VREF = 0V; VSENSE = 10mV Table 2. Example 2 TERM SYMBOL EQUATION TYPICAL VALUE MAXIMUM VALUE Initial Input Offset Voltage VOS — 20mV 70mV Added Input Offset Voltage Because of Common-Mode Voltage VOS_CM 1.2mV 12mV Added Input Offset Voltage Because of Reference Voltage VOS_REF 34.8mV 92.2mV Total Input Offset Voltage VOS_Total (VOS)2 + (VOS_CM)2 + (VOS_REF)2 40.2mV 116.4mV Error from Input Offset Voltage Error_VOS VOS_Total VSENSE ´ 100 0.40% 1.16% Gain Error Error_Gain — 0.40% 1.40% Nonlinearity Error Error_Lin 0.01% 0.01% 0.57% 1.82% 1 Total Error 20 ( 10 ( CMRR_dB ´ (VCM - 12V) RCMR ´ (2.048V - VREF) — 2 2 (Error_VOS) + (Error_Gain) + (Error_Lin) — 2 SUMMING CURRENTS AND PARALLELING The outputs of multiple INA282 family devices are easily summed by connecting the output of one INA282 family device to the reference input of a second INA282 family device. Summing beyond two devices is possible by repeating this connection, and is shown for three devices in Figure 40. The reference input of the first INA282 family device sets the output quiescent level for all the devices in the string. First Circuit Æ1 Second Circuit VIN+ VIN- Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ1 VIN+ VIN- Æ2 Æ2 Third Circuit Æ1 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ1 VIN+ VIN- Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ1 Output Output Output Summed Output VREF GND GND V+ GND V+ V+ NOTE: The voltage applied to the reference inputs cannot exceed 9V. Figure 40. Summing the Outputs of Multiple INA282 Family Devices 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 CURRENT DIFFERENCING Occasionally, the need arises to confirm that the current into a load is identical to the current out of a load, usually as part of diagnostic testing or fault detection. This situation requires precision current differencing, which is the same as summing except that the two amplifiers have the inputs connected opposite of each other. Under normal operating conditions, the final output is very close to the reference value and proportional to any current difference. Figure 41 is an example of the connections required for current differencing. First Circuit Second Circuit Supply Æ1 Load VIN+ VIN- Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ1 VIN+ VIN- Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 Æ1 Æ1 Output Output Difference Output VREF GND GND V+ V+ NOTE: This example is identical to the current summing example, except that the two shunt inputs are reversed in polarity, this current differencing circuit is useful in detecting when current into and out of a load do not match. Figure 41. Current Differencing Using an INA282 Family Device Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 23 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 www.ti.com COMMON-MODE DYNAMICS AND CURRENT DIFFERENCING Current sensing is frequently used on totem-pole output stages, such as those of bridge-type motor drives. We can sense current in one of three locations on a totem-pole output: on the ground side (low-side sensing); on the power-supply side (high-side sensing); or on the output (phase sensing). Only the output line reports the exact load current. Obviously, the ground and supply-side sensing report only the current in the individual respective phases. Figure 42 depicts these various methods on a three-phase motor driver. Motor High Side Current Sense High Side Current Sense Phase Current Sense Low Side Current Sense Low Side Current Sense High Side Current Sense Phase Current Sense Phase Current Sense Low Side Current Sense NOTE: Motor drive current sensing can be done on the low side, phase side, or high side. Only the phase output gives complete information regarding current in the motor, but is subject to common-mode transients that even the best amplifiers do not reject completely. Figure 42. Motor Drive Current Sensing However, sensing on the output is subject to large common-mode voltage steps that result in feedthrough in even the best amplifiers. The ground and supply-side sensing configurations are free of this problem, thanks to the static common-mode environments. Sensing either ground or supply alone only provides partial information regarding motor current, but sense them individually and sum them and we have the same information provided by phase sensing, with an added advantage of not being subject to transient common-mode artifacts. See Figure 43 for an illustration of two INA282 family devices connected in this manner. Technically, this configuration is current differencing, though, because we want the upper sense to report a positive-going excursion in the overall output, and the negative sense to report a negative-going excursion. 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 INA282, INA283 INA284, INA285 INA286 www.ti.com SBOS485A – NOVEMBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2010 Æ2 +2.7V to +18V Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 VIN+ Æ1 Æ1 VIN- Æ2 Æ1 Motor Supply (< 80V) Q1 D1 MOSFET Drive Circuits VREF Output +2.7V to +18V Æ2 Æ2 Æ1 VIN+ Æ1 Æ1 VIN- Æ2 Æ1 Q2 Æ2 D2 NOTE: By sensing totem-pole current on both the positive and negative rail and summing, dynamic common-mode issues can be avoided entirely. Note that IC2 is connected with inverting inputs because it should report current with an opposite polarity to that of IC1. Figure 43. Sensing and Summing Totem Pole Current Copyright © 2009–2010, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): INA282 INA283 INA284 INA285 INA286 25 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 5-Aug-2010 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Samples (Requires Login) INA282AID ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM Request Free Samples INA282AIDR ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Purchase Samples (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. 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Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 3-Aug-2010 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device INA282AIDR Package Package Pins Type Drawing SOIC D 8 SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) 2500 330.0 12.4 Pack Materials-Page 1 6.4 B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) 5.2 2.1 8.0 W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 12.0 Q1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 3-Aug-2010 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) INA282AIDR SOIC D 8 2500 346.0 346.0 29.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. 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