TI TPS63002DRC

TPS63000
TPS63001
TPS63002
(3,25 mm x 3,25 mm)
www.ti.com
SLVS520 – MARCH 2006
HIGH EFFICIENT SINGLE INDUCTOR BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER WITH 1.8-A
SWITCHES
FEATURES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
DESCRIPTION
Up to 95% Efficiency
1200-mA Output Current at 3.3 V in Step Down
Mode (VIN 3.6 V...5.5 V)
up to 800-mA Output Current at 3.3 V in Boost
Mode (VIN > 2.4 V)
Automatic Transition between Step Down and
Boost Mode
Device Quiescent Current less than 50 µA
Input Voltage Range: 1.8 V to 5.5 V
Fixed and Adjustable Output Voltage Options
from 1.2 V to 5.5 V
Power Save Mode for Improved Efficiency at
Low Output Power
Forced fixed Frequency Operation and
Synchronization possible
Load Disconnect During Shutdown
Over-Temperature Protection
Available in Small 3 mm x 3 mm, QFN-10
Package
The TPS6300x devices provide a power supply
solution for products powered by either a two-cell, or
three-cell alkaline, NiCd or NiMH, or one-cell Li-Ion or
Li-polymer battery. Output currents can go as high as
1200 mA while using a single-cell Li-Ion or Li-Polymer
Battery, and discharge it down to 2.5 V or lower. The
buck-boost converter is based on a fixed frequency,
pulse-width-modulation (PWM) controller using
synchronous rectification to obtain maximum
efficiency. At low load currents the converter enters
the Power Save mode to maintain a high efficiency
over a wide load current range. The Power Save
mode can be disabled, forcing the converter to
operate at a fixed switching frequency. The maximum
average current in the switches is limited to a typical
value of 1800 mA. The output voltage can be
programmed by an external resistor divider, or is
fixed internally on the chip. The converter can be
disabled to minimize battery drain. During shutdown,
the load is completely disconnected from the battery.
The device is packaged in a 10-pin QFN
PowerPAD™package measuring 3 mm x 3 mm
(DRC).
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
All Two-Cell and Three-Cell Alkaline, NiCd or
NiMH or Single-Cell Li Battery
Powered Products
Portable Audio Players
PDAs
Cellular Phones
Personal Medical Products
White LED`s
L1
2.2 µF
L1
VIN
1.8 V to
5.5 V
L2
VIN
C1
10 µF
R3
VOUT
VINA
R1
EN
C3
FB
PS/SYNC
GND
C2
10 µF
VOUT
3.3 V up to
1200 mA
R2
PGND
TPS63000
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2006, Texas Instruments Incorporated
TPS63000
TPS63001
TPS63002
www.ti.com
SLVS520 – MARCH 2006
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
AVAILABLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE OPTIONS (1)
TA
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
DC/DC
PACKAGE
MARKING
Adjustable
BNQ
3.3 V
BNR
5.0 V
BNS
40°C to 85°C
(1)
(2)
PART NUMBER (2)
PACKAGE
TPS63000DRC
10-Pin QFN
TPS63001DRC
TPS63002DRC
Contact the factory to check availability of other fixed output voltage versions.
The DRC package is available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g., TPS63000DRCR) to order quantities of 3000 devices
per reel.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1)
TPS6300x
Input voltage range on VBAT, L1, L2, VOUT, PS, EN, FB
-0.3 V to 7 V
Operating virtual junction temperature range, TJ
-40°C to 150°C
Storage temperature range Tstg
-65°C to 150°C
(1)
Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating
conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DISSIPATION RATINGS TABLE
PACKAGE
THERMAL RESISTANCE
ΘJA
POWER RATING
TA≤ 25°C
DERATING FACTOR ABOVE
TA = 25°C
DRC
48.7 °C/W
2054 mW
21 mW/°C
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
MIN
NOM
MAX UNIT
Supply voltage at VBAT, VI
1.8
5.5
V
Operating free air temperature range, TA
-40
85
°C
Operating virtual junction temperature range, TJ
-40
125
°C
2
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TPS63000
TPS63001
TPS63002
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SLVS520 – MARCH 2006
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
over recommended free-air temperature range and over recommended input voltage range (typical at an ambient temperature
range of 25°C) (unless otherwise noted)
DC/DC STAGE
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
VI
Input voltage range
1.8
5.5
V
VI
Input voltage range for startup
1.9
5.5
V
VO
TPS63000 output voltage range
1.2
VFB
TPS63000 feedback voltage
495
f
Oscillator frequency
Frequency range for
synchronization
ISW
5.5
V
505
mV
1250
1500
kHz
1250
1800
kHz
2000
mA
500
Switch current limit
VIN = VINA = 3.6 V, TA = 25°C
1600
1800
High side switch on resistance
VIN = VINA = 3.6 V
100
Low side switch on resistance
VIN = VINA = 3.6 V
100
0.5%
Load regulation
0.5%
VINA
Quiescent current VOUT
(adjustable
output
voltage)
IO = 0 mA, VEN = VIN = VINA = 3.6
V,
VOUT = 3.3 V
FB input impedance (fixed
output voltage)
IS
mΩ
Line regulation
VIN
Iq
mΩ
Shutdown current
1
1.5
µA
40
50
µA
4
6
µA
1
VEN = 0 V, VIN = VINA = 3.6 V
0.1
MΩ
1
µA
CONTROL STAGE
PARAMETER
VUVLO
Under voltage lockout threshold
VIL
EN, PS input low voltage
VIH
EN, PS input high voltage
EN, PS input current
TEST CONDITIONS
VLBI voltage decreasing
MIN
TYP
MAX
1.5
1.7
1.8
V
0.4
V
0.1
µA
1.2
Clamped on GND or VBAT
UNIT
V
0.01
Overtemperature protection
140
°C
Overtemperature hysteresis
20
°C
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TPS63000
TPS63001
TPS63002
www.ti.com
SLVS520 – MARCH 2006
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
DRC PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
VOUT
L2
PGND
L1
VIN
FB
GND
VINA
SYNC/PS
EN
Terminal Functions
TERMINAL
NAME
NO.
I/O
DESCRIPTION
EN
6
I
Enable input. (1 enabled, 0 disabled)
FB
10
I
Voltage feedback of adjustable versions, must be connected to VOUT at fixed output
voltage versions
GND
9
PS/SYNC
7
I
Enable / disable power save mode (1 disabled, 0 enabled, clock signal for synchronization)
L1
4
I
Connection for Inductor
L2
2
I
Connection for Inductor
PGND
3
VIN
5
I
Supply voltage for power stage
VOUT
1
O
Buck-boost converter output
VINA
8
I
Supply voltage for control stage
PowerPAD™
4
Control / logic ground
Power ground
Must be soldered to achieve appropriate power dissipation. Should be connected to
PGND.
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TPS63000
TPS63001
TPS63002
www.ti.com
SLVS520 – MARCH 2006
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM (TPS63000)
L1
L2
VIN
VOUT
Current
Sensor
VBAT
VOUT
PGND PGND
Gate
Control
_
VINA
Modulator
PS/SYNC
Oscillator
+
+
_
FB
VREF
+
-
Device
Control
EN
Temperature
Control
PGND
PGND
GND
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TPS63000
TPS63001
TPS63002
www.ti.com
SLVS520 – MARCH 2006
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
CONTROLLER CIRCUIT
The controlling circuit of the device is based on an average current mode topology. The average inductor current
is regulated by a fast current regulator loop which is controlled by a voltage control loop. The controller also uses
input and output voltage feedforward. Changes of input and output voltage are monitored and immediately can
change the duty cycle in the modulator to achieve a fast response to those errors. The voltage error amplifier
gets its feedback input from the FB pin. At adjustable output voltages a resistive voltage divider must be
connected to that pin. At fixed output voltages FB must be connected to the output voltage to directly sense the
voltage. Fixed output voltage versions use a trimmed internal resistive divider. The feedback voltage will be
compared with the internal reference voltage to generate a stable and accurate output voltage.
The controller circuit also senses the average input current as well as the peak input current. With this, maximum
input power can be controlled as well as the maximum peak current to achieve a safe and stable operation under
all possible conditions. To finally protect the device from getting overheated an internal temperature sensor is
implemented.
Synchronous Operation
The device uses 4 internal N-channel MOSFETs to maintain synchronous power conversion at all possible
operating conditions. This enables the device to keep high efficency over a wide input voltage and output power
range.
To avoid ground shift problems due to the high currents in the switches, two separate ground pins GND and
PGND are used. The reference for all control functions is the GND pin. The power switches are connected to
PGND. Both grounds must be connected on the PCB at only one point ideally close to the GND pin. Due to the 4
switch topology, the load is always disconnected from the input during shutdown of the converter.
Buck-Boost Operation
To be able to regulate the output voltage properly at all possible input voltage conditions the device automatically
switches from step down operation to boost operation and back as required by the configuration. It always uses
one active switch, one rectifying switch, one switch permanently on and one switch permanently off. So it is
operating as a step down converter (buck) when input voltage is higher than the output voltage and it is operating
as a boost converter when the input voltage is lower than the output voltage. There is no mode of operation
where all 4 switches are permanently switching. Controlling the switches this way allows to maintain high
efficency at the most important point of operation, when input voltage is close to the output voltage. The RMS
current through switches and inductor is kept at a minimum which minimizes losses there. Switching losses are
also kept low by just using one active and one passive switch. At the remaining 2 switches one is kept
permanently on and the other is kept permanently off thus causing no switching losses.
Power Save Mode and Synchronization
The SYNC/PS pin can be used to select different operation modes. To enable power save, SYNC/PS must be
set low. Power save mode is used to improve efficiency at light load. If power save mode is enabled, the
converter stops operating if the average inductor current gets lower than about 300 mA and the output voltage is
at or above its nominal value. If the output voltage decreases below its nominal value, the device ramps up the
output voltage again by starting operation using a programmed average inductor current higher than required by
the current load condition. Operation can last for one or several pulses. The converter again stops operating
once the conditions for stopping operation are met again.
The power save mode can be disabled by programming high at the SYNC/PS. Connecting a clock signal at
SYNC/PS forces the device to synchronize to the connected clock frequency. Syncronization is done by a PLL,
so synchronizing to lower and higher frequencies compared to the internal clock works without any issues. The
PLL also can handle missing clock pulses without causing malfunction in the converter. The SYNC/PS input
supports standard logic thresholds.
6
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TPS63000
TPS63001
TPS63002
www.ti.com
SLVS520 – MARCH 2006
DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued)
Device Enable
The device is put into operation when EN is set high. It is put into a shutdown mode when EN is set to GND. In
shutdown mode, the regulator stops switching, all internal control circuitry is switched off and the load is
disconnected from the input. This also means that the output voltage can drop below the input voltage during
shutdown. During start-up of the converter, the duty cycle and the peak current are limited in order to avoid high
peak currents flowing from the input.
Softstart and Short Circuit Protection
When the device enables, the device starts operating. The average current limit is ramping up from an initial
400mA following the output voltage increasing. At an output voltage of about 1.2 V the current limit is at its
nominal value. If the output voltage does not increase, the current limit will not increase. There is no timer
implemented. Thus the output voltage overshoot at startup is kept at a minimum as well as the inrush current at
the input. The device ramps up the output voltage in a controlled manner even if a very large capacitor is
connected at the output. When the output voltage does not increase above 1.2 V the device is assuming a short
circuit at the output and keeps the current limit low to protect itself and the application. At a short at the output
during operation the current limit also will be decreased accordingly. At 0 V at the output for example the output
current will not exceed abaout 400 mA.
Undervoltage Lockout
An undervoltage lockout function prevents device start-up if the supply voltage on VINA is lower than
approximately its threshold (see electrical characteristics table). When in operation the device automatically
enters the shutdown mode if the voltage on VINA drops below the undervoltage lockout threshold. The device
automatically restarts if the input voltage recovers to the minimum operating input voltage.
Overtemperature Protection
The device has a built in temperature sensor which monitors the internal IC temperature. If the temperature
exceeds the programmed threshold (see electrical characteristics table) the device stops operating. As soon as
the IC temperature has decreased below the programmed threshold it starts operating again. There is a built in
hysteresis to avoid instable operation at IC temperatures at the overtemperature threshold.
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TPS63000
TPS63001
TPS63002
www.ti.com
SLVS520 – MARCH 2006
APPLICATION INFORMATION
DESIGN PROCEDURE
The TPS6300x dc/dc converters are intended for systems powered by one-cell Li-Ion or Li-Polymer with a typical
voltage between 2.3 V and 4.5 V. They can also be used in systems powered by a double or triple cell Alkaline,
NiCd, NiMH battery with a typical terminal voltage between 1.8 V and 5.5 V . Additionally, any other voltage
source with a typical output voltage between 1.8 V and 5.5 V can power systems where the TPS6300x is used.
Programming the Output Voltage
Within the TPS6300X family there are fixed and adjustable output voltages available. To properly configure the
fixed output voltage devices the FB pin is used to sense the output voltage. This means that it must be
connected directly to VOUT. At the adjustable output voltage versions and external resistor divider is used to
adjust the output voltage. The resistor divider must be connected between VOUT, FB and GND. When the output
voltage is regulated properly the typical value of the voltage at the FB pin is 500 mV. The maximum
recommended value for the output voltage is 5.5 V. The current through the resistive divider should be about 100
times greater than the current into the FB pin. The typical current into the FB pin is 0.01 µA, and the voltage
across the resistor between FB and GND, R2, is typically 500 mV. Based on those two values, the recommended
value for R2 should be lower than 500 kΩ, in order to set the divider current at 1 µA or higher. It is recommended
to keep the value for this resistor in the range of 200 kΩ. From that, the value of the resistor connected between
VOUT and FB, R1, depending on the needed output voltage (VO), can be calculated using Equation 1:
VOUT
R 1 R2 1
V FB
(1)
If as an example, an output voltage of 3.3 V is needed, a 1.0 MΩ resistor should be chosen for R1. To improve
control performance using a feedforward capacitor in parallel to R1 is recommended. The value for the
feedforward capacitor can be calculated using Equation 2.
10 s
C ff R1
(2)
L1
4.7 F
L1
VIN
1.8 V to
5.5 V
L2
VIN
C1
4.7 F
R3
VOUT
VINA
R1
EN
C3
FB
PS/SYNC
GND
C2
10 F
VOUT
3.3 V up to
800 mA
R2
PGND
TPS63000
Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit for Adjustable Output Voltage Option
Inductor Selection
To properly configure the TPS6300X devices an inductor must be connected between pin L1 and pin L2. To
estimate the inductance value Equation 3 and Equation 4can be used.
8
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TPS63000
TPS63001
TPS63002
www.ti.com
SLVS520 – MARCH 2006
APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued)
L1 VOUT VIN1 VOUT
V IN1 f 0.3 A
L2 Vin2 VOUT VIN2
V OUT f 0.3 A
(3)
(4)
In both equations f is the nominal switching frequency. In Equation 3 the minimum inductance value, L1 for step
down mode operation is calculated. VIN1 is the maximum input voltage. In Equation 4 the minimum inductance,
L2, for boost mode operation is calculated. VIN2 is the minimum input voltage. The recommended minimum
inductor value is either L1 or L2 whichever is higher. As an example, a suitable inductor, for generating 3.3V from
a Li-Ion battery with a battery voltage range from 2.5V up to 4.2V, is 2.2 µH. The recommended inductor value
range is between 1.5 µH and 4.7 µH. In general this means that at high voltage conversion rates higher inductor
values offer better performance.
With the choosen inductance value the peak current for the inductor in steady state operation can be calculated.
Equation 5 shows how to calculate the peak current I1 in step down mode operation and Equation 6 shows how
to calculate the peak current I2 in boost mode operation.
VOUT V IN1 V OUT
I
I 1 OUT 0.8
2 V IN1 f L
(5)
V
I OUT VIN2 V OUT V IN2
I 2 OUT
0.8 V IN2
2 VOUT f L
(6)
The critical current value for selecting the right inductor is the higher value of I1 and I2. It also needs to be
considered that load transients and error conditions may cause higher inductor currents. It also needs to be
taken into account when selecting an appropriate inductor. The following inductor series from different suppliers
have been used with the TPS6300x converters:
Table 1. List of Inductors
VENDOR
INDUCTOR SERIES
Coiltronics
MuRata
Tajo Yuden
TDK
VLF4012
VLF3215
Capacitor Selection
Input Capacitor
At least a 4.7 µF input capacitor is recommended to improve transient behavior of the regulator and EMI
behavior of the total power supply circuit. A ceramic capacitor placed as close as possible to the VIN and PGND
pins of the IC, is recommended.
Output Capacitor
For the output capacitor it is as well recommended to use small ceramic capacitors placed as close as possible
to the VOUT and PGND pins of the IC. If, for any reason, the application requires to use a large capacitors which
needs longer connections to the IC, using a smaller ceramic capacitor in parallel to the large one is
recommended. This small capacitor should be as close as possible to the VOUT and PGND pins of the IC.
To get an estimate of the recommended minimum output capacitance Equation 7 can be used.
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TPS63000
TPS63001
TPS63002
www.ti.com
SLVS520 – MARCH 2006
C OUT 5 L F
H
(7)
A capacitor with a value in the range of the calculated minimum should be used. This is required to maintain
control loop stability. There are no additional requirements regarding minimum ESR. There is also no upper limit
for the output capacitance value. Larger capacitors will cause lower output voltage ripple as well as lower output
voltage drop during load transients.
Layout Considerations
As for all switching power supplies, the layout is an important step in the design, especially at high peak currents
and high switching frequencies. If the layout is not carefully done, the regulator could show stability problems as
well as EMI problems. Therefore, use wide and short traces for the main current path and for the power ground
tracks. The input capacitor, output capacitor, and the inductor should be placed as close as possible to the IC.
Use a common ground node for power ground and a different one for control ground to minimize the effects of
ground noise. Connect these ground nodes at any place close to one of the ground pins of the IC.
The feedback divider should be placed as close as possible to the control ground pin of the IC. To lay out the
control ground, it is recommended to use short traces as well, separated from the power ground traces. This
avoids ground shift problems, which can occur due to superimposition of power ground current and control
ground current.
10
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TPS63000
TPS63001
TPS63002
www.ti.com
SLVS520 – MARCH 2006
THERMAL INFORMATION
Implementation of integrated circuits in low-profile and fine-pitch surface-mount packages typically requires
special attention to power dissipation. Many system-dependent issues such as thermal coupling, airflow, added
heat sinks and convection surfaces, and the presence of other heat-generating components affect the
power-dissipation limits of a given component.
Three basic approaches for enhancing thermal performance are listed below.
• Improving the power dissipation capability of the PCB design
• Improving the thermal coupling of the component to the PCB
• Introducing airflow in the system
The maximum recommended junction temperature (TJ) of the TPS6300x devices is 125 °C. The thermal
resistance of the 10-pin QFN 3 x 3 package (DRC) is RθJA = 48.7 °C/W, if the PowerPAD is soldered. Specified
regulator operation is assured to a maximum ambient temperature TA of 85 °C. Therefore, the maximum power
dissipation is about 820 mW. More power can be dissipated if the maximum ambient temperature of the
application is lower.
T
T
J(MAX)
A
P
125°C 85°C 820 mW
D(MAX)
R
48.7 °CW
JA
(8)
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
6-Apr-2006
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status (1)
Package
Type
Package
Drawing
Pins Package Eco Plan (2)
Qty
TPS63000DRCR
ACTIVE
SON
DRC
10
3000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPS63001DRCR
ACTIVE
SON
DRC
10
3000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPS63002DRCR
ACTIVE
SON
DRC
10
3000
TBD
Lead/Ball Finish
Call TI
MSL Peak Temp (3)
Call TI
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in
a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check
http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered
at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and
package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS
compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame
retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder
temperature.
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Addendum-Page 1
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