P erkinElmer’s Mini-Triggered Mini-Triggered Spark Gaps and Transformers EVERYTHING IN A Spark Gaps are designed for high relia- NEW bility switching up to 4 kV and 10 kA. LIGHT. Constructed of hermetically sealed ceramic-metal, filled with pressurized gas, they are typically used for activating electro-explosive devices such as exploding bridgewires, electronic safe and arm systems, and detonators. PerkinElmer’s Trigger Transformers are matched to the requirements of the Mini-Triggered Spark Gaps to provide a high voltage pulse with a fast rise time and low current. PerkinElmer Trigger Transformers are designed to be the most durable and reliable transformers available. Features • High reliability • Extremely low jitter • Environmentally durable • Small size • Matching trigger transformers PerkinElmer Optoelectronics page 3 Miniature Triggered Spark Gaps These compact small, rugged gaps were designed for high-reliability Performance Characteristics The triggered spark gap is a three applications where size, switch Electrical characteristics are element, gas-filled, ceramic-to-metal, speed, and ability to withstand determined by testing in the circuit hermetically sealed, pressurized rugged missile environmental condi- shown in Figure 1. The output circuit switch that operates in an arc dis- tions of extreme shock, temperature, consisting of the switch, a 0.2 µF charge mode, conducting moderately and vibration are required. They are capacitor, and a 0.25 ohm current high peak currents for short dura- designed for switching peak currents viewing resistor (CVR) is typical for life tions. Commutation between two up to 10kA at operating voltages testing. It closely matches the condi- main electrodes is initiated by a from 2.0 to 4.0 kV with reliable tions found in many typically used trigger pulse. triggering voltage of 2kV. Prefires circuits. For function testing, the 0.25 and failure to fire have been fully ohm CVR is replaced with a 0.005 evaluated in the basic gap designs. ohm CVR. Applications Switching speeds of 70ns with trigger Precision timing and firing for in-flight pulse energies as low as 500 micro- functions such as rocket motor igni- joules is typical. Typical data taken with a 0.005 ohm CVR are shown in Figure 2. This curve contains traces of the trigger tion, warhead detonation and missile stage separation. Each of these voltage and conduction current. First, Conduction Current applications involves the activation the trigger voltage rises to the point of trigger breakdown. Then there is a of electro-explosive devices such as: • • • • period designated “turn-on” or delay Trigger Voltage Exploding bridgewire (EBW) Exploding foil initiator (EFI) time during which the arc is forming followed by main gap conduction. Time Electronic safe and arm (ESA) This delay time varies from 50 to Turn-on Time Slapper/detonator 1500 ns depending on gap operating voltage, trigger mode, amplitude and pulse width. Figure 2. Trigger Voltage Breakdown and Main Gap Conduction Current GAP + + 1.0 mΩ 2.4-3.5 KV AE CT + 0.2 µF T VT(IN) TR 2N6798 CVR — VT(IN) Volts DC 20-40 100-200 CT µF 2.2 0.10 XFMR TR-2189/2206 TR-2190/2207 VT(OC)—TRIGGER VOLTAGE (OPEN CIRCUIT) 5 mΩ OE NORMAL OPERATING REGION KNEE VT(min) CUTOFF REGION SELF-BREAKDOWN REGION OPERATING RANGE E-E(co) E-E(min) E-E(max) SBV E-E = ELECTRODE-TO-ELECTRODE VOLTAGE Figure 1. Triggered Spark Gap Test Circuit Figure 3. Transfer Characteristics page 2 PerkinElmer Optoelectronics The trigger transformer circuit must Life Life test data indicate reliable firing on be capable of providing a small sus- End of life is determined by changes many gaps after 2000 shots at 6000 taining current, typically, a few tens in the gap’s performance due to elec- amps peak current for 200 ns pulse of milliamperes for reliable triggering. trode erosion or gas cleanup. Prefire width at 3.5 kV and load of 0.25 the characteristic “ring down” of con- (firing without a trigger signal) or fail- ohm. Life will be reduced with higher duction current is used to compute ure to fire (no fire with trigger applied) peak currents. circuit impedance. The circuit is are typical symptoms determining mechanically designed to yield the end of life. lowest possible overall inductance and resistance. Excluding the CVR, a typical circuit resistance is 60 milliohms. Circuit inductance can vary from 30 to 50 nH. 0.020 ± 0.010 (0.51) Transfer Characteristics 0.270 ± 0.010 (6.06) 0.314 ± 0.005 (7.98) T GP-485 For the GP-486 the operating range of 2.0 kV. Static Breakdown Voltage (SBV) is 4.5 kV. Trigger mode is "C" - 0.415 ± 0.015 (10.54) 3.0 MIN. (76.2) (E-E) is 2.0 to 4.0 kV with a minimum trigger voltage (VT(OC)) open circuit OE AE 0.415 ± 0.015 (10.54) 0.105 ± 0.010 (2.67) 0.437 ± 0.010 (11.10) 0.130 ± 0.015 (3.30) 0.314 ± 0.005 (7.98) GP-486 T 0.41 MAX (10.4) AE positive trigger and positive opposite 3.0 MIN (76.2) electrode (OE). Changing polarities 0.610 (15.5) MAX characteristics. The triggered spark gap operating range is shown in 0.325 MAX (8.25) 0.267 ± 0.010 (6.78) will result in changes in operating 3.0 (76.2) MIN 0.247 ± 0.005 (6.27) 0.098 (2.50) MAX 0.267 ‚ 0.010 (6.78 ± 0.254) "same" 0.278 ± 0.010 (7.01 ± 0.25) 0.064/0.120 1.63/3.05 OE AE 0.563 (14.30) MIN GP-488 0.335 (8.5) MAX AE 0.370 ± 0.005 (0.94 ± 0.13) 0.319 (8.1) MAX OE T Figure 3. 0.025 (0.635) 0.010 (0.254) OE 0.335 (8.51) MAX 0.050 ± 0.010 (1.27 ± 0.25) T 0.040 ± 0.003 (1.016) 0.015 ± 0.005 (0.38 ± 0.13) (2 PLCS) 0.147 ± 0.015 (3.73 ± 0.38) GP-489 0.040 (1.02) TYP (2 PLCS) 0.247 ± 0.020 (6.27 ± 0.51) T — Trigger Electrode; AE — Adjacent Electrode; OE — Opposite Electrode Mechanical Specifications PerkinElmer Optoelectronics page 3 OPERATING SPECIFICATIONS EG&G Model No. Min (kV) Max (kV) SBV Minimum Static Breakdown Voltage (kV) GP-485 2 4 4.5 2 10 GP-486 2 4 4.5 2 10 GP-488 2 4 4.5 2 10 GP-489 2 4 4.5 2 10 E-E Operating Range VT(Open Circuit) Minimum Trigger Voltage (kV) Peak Pulse Current (kA) Environmental Specifications Ambient/Operating temperature range -45 to +100°C. Storage temperature range -65 to + 125°C Vibration 15 to 500 Hz at 10 g maximum Shock per MIL-STD-202D, method 204, Test Condition A (30g, 11 mS). Thermal Shock per MIL-STD-202D, method 107, Test Condition B (-65 to + 125°C). Humidity per MIL-T-5422E, paragraph 4.4. Electrical Specifications Electrode capacity Less than 5 pf. Interelectrode resistance Greater than 1010 ohms at 500 V. Mechanical Specifications Envelope PerkinElmer Optoelectronics Ceramic-metal, hermetically sealed, exposed metal parts nickel plated. page 4 Miniature Trigger Transformers TR-2189/2190/2206/ 2207 These transformers were custom- low input voltage transformers, designed for reliable triggering of the round, with flying leads and solder PerkinElmer GP-485/486/488/489 connections. The TR-2190 and triggered spark gaps. They have TR-2207 are high input voltage operating circuit output voltages well transformers, square, with pins for above the maximum required by the PC board connection. switches and are capable of sustaining the trigger to adjacent electrode + 1.0 MΩ PS TR VT(IN) current during the turn-on phase of SF CT gap operation. These transformers PF SS are constructed using miniature cores, wound and potted, to produce vT(OC) 2N6798 high output voltage with a minimum of corona at twice rated output volt- 5 4 CT = 2.2µf 3 2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 9 TR-2189 TR-2206 8 TR-2190 TR-2207 7 6 5 GND CT = 0.1µf 4 3 2 0 50 VT(IN)—INPUT VOLTAGE, kV GND 100 150 200 VT(IN)—INPUT VOLTAGE, kV vT(OC) 6 Transformer Circuit VT(IN) = 20 V vT(OC) = 3.85 kV, Peak VT(IN) = 110 V vT(OC) = 4.37 kV, Peak TR-2190/2207—High Voltage Peak vT(OC) vs Peak VT(IN) vT(OC) TR-2189/2206—Low Voltage Peak vT(OC) vs Peak VT(IN) 7 vT(OC)—TYPICAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE, kV vT(OC)—TYPICAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE, kV age. The TR-2189 and TR-2206 are 500ns/Div 500ns/Div TIME 250 TIME Notes: 1. Pulse rise time (10 to 90%): 2.2 µS max 2. Pulse width at 30% of max: 1.0 µS max 3. Corona pri-sec voltage of 8 kVDC Output Voltage as a Function of Input Voltage Output Pulse Shapes 3 IN. MIN (76.20) TYP YEL/W H #28 AWG 33 TEFLON 0.10 ± 0.02 (2.54 ± 0.5) SS SF PS PF YEL PS BLK T RED TR-2189 SS TR-2206 PF SF 0.700 ± 0.010 SQUARE (17.78 ± 0.25) 0.685 ± 0.010 Z917.4 ± 0.25) 0.400 ± 0.010 (10.16 ± 0.25) #28 AWG E TEFLON 0.10 ± 0.02 (2.54 ± 0.51) TR-2189 *TR-2190 0.031 (0.79) PIN. TYP 0.400 ± 0.010 (10.16 ± 0.25) 0.520 ± 0.005 SQUARE (13.21 ± 0.13) 0.200 ± 0.010 (5.08 ± 0.25) *TR-2190 primary input leads are #30 AWG E Teflon covered wire TR-2206 TR-2207 Note: Dimensions in inches (mm in parentheses) Mechanical Specifications page 5 PerkinElmer Optoelectronics Mini-Triggered Spark Gaps and Transformers Marking PerkinElmer’s trademark, part designation, and date code. PerkinElmer welcomes inquiries about special types. We would be pleased to discuss the requirements of your application and the feasibility of designing a type specifically suited to your needs. Our Quality and Environmental Policy “Our goal is to supply our customers the agreed quantity of specified products and services, defect free and on time while conducting business in an environmentally responsible manner” * All values are nominal; specifications subject to change without notice. To request additional information, receive a quote, or place an order, please contact PerkinElmer Optoelectronics at office listed below. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics 35 Congress Street Salem, MA 01970 Toll Free: (800) 950-3441 (USA) Phone: (978) 745-3200 Fax: (978) 745-0894 PerkinElmer Optoelectronics PerkinElmer is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc. www.perkinelmer.com/opto Copyright © PerkinElmer All rights reserved page 3 Printed in U.S.A. 10/00