UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 www.ti.com SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 Constant-Voltage, Constant-Current Controller With Primary-Side Regulation Check for Samples: UCC28700, UCC28701, UCC28702, UCC28703 FEATURES DESCRIPTION • • The UCC28700 family of flyback power supply controllers provides Constant-Voltage (CV) and Constant-Current (CC) output regulation without the use of an optical coupler. The devices process information from the primary power switch and an auxiliary flyback winding for precise control of output voltage and current. Low start-up current, dynamically-controlled operating states and a tailored modulation profile support very low stand-by power without sacrificing start-up time or output transient response. 1 • • • • • • • • • • < 30-mW No-Load Power for 5-Star Rating Primary-Side Regulation (PSR) Eliminates Opto-Coupler ±5% Voltage and Current Regulation 130-kHz Maximum Switching Frequency Enables High-Power Density Charger Designs Quasi-Resonant Valley-Switching Operation for Highest Overall Efficiency Patent-Pending Frequency-Jitter Scheme to Ease EMI Compliance Wide VDD Range Allows Small Bias Capacitor Clamped Gate-Drive Output for MOSFET Protection Functions: Over-Voltage, Low-Line, and Over-Current Programmable Cable Compensation (UCC28700 only) NTC Resistor Interface (UCC28701, UCC28702 and UCC28703 only) with Fixed Cable Compensation Options SOT23-6 Package APPLICATIONS • • USB-Compliant Adapters and Chargers for Consumer Electronics (cell phones, tablets and cameras) AC and DC Power Supplies Control algorithms in the UCC28700 family allow operating efficiencies to meet or exceed applicable standards. The output drive interfaces to a MOSFET power switch. Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) with valley switching reduces switching losses. Modulation of switching frequency and primary current peak amplitude (FM and AM) keeps the conversion efficiency high across the entire load and line ranges. The controllers have a maximum switching frequency of 130 kHz and always maintain control of the peakprimary current in the transformer. Protection features help keep primary and secondary component stresses in check. The UCC28700 allows the level of cable compensation to be programmed. The UCC28701, UCC28702 and UCC28703 devices allow remote temperature sensing using a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) resistor while providing fixed cable-compensation levels. Simplified Application Diagram and Typical V-I Regulation 1 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 www.ti.com Table 1. PRODUCT INFORMATION (1) (2) PART NUMBER PACKAGED DEVICES UCC28700 UCC28701 SOT23 6-Pin (DBV) UCC28702 UCC28703 (1) (2) VERSION Programmable cable compensation NTC, 0 mV (at 5-V output) cable compensation option NTC, 150 mV (at 5-V output) cable compensation option NTC, 300 mV (at 5-V output) cable compensation option See Addendum for specific device ordering information. For other fixed cable compensation options, please consult the factory. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN MAX UNIT Bias supply voltage VVDD 38 Continuous gate current sink IDRV 50 Continuous gate current source IDRV Selflimiting Peak VS pin current IVS Gate-drive voltage at DRV −0.5 Selflimiting −0.75 7 Voltage range CS, CBC (UCC28700), NTC (UCC28701/2/3) −0.5 5 Operating junction temperature range TJ −55 150 Storage temperature TSTG −65 150 VS Lead temperature 0.6 mm from case for 10 seconds (1) 2 mA −1.2 VDRV V °C 260 Human-body model (HBM) ESD rating V 2000 Charged-device model (CDM) 500 V Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltages are with respect to GND. Currents are positive into, negative out of the specified terminal. These ratings apply over the operating ambient temperature ranges unless otherwise noted. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 www.ti.com SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN TYP MAX UNIT VDD Bias supply operating voltage CVDD VDD bypass capacitor 9 35 V 0.047 1 µF RCBC Cable-compensation resistance 10 kΩ IVS VS pin current −1 mA TJ Operating junction temperature −20 125 °C THERMAL INFORMATION UCC28700/1/2/3 THERMAL METRIC (1) DBV UNITS 6 PINS θJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (2) 180.0 θJCtop Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance (3) 71.2 θJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance (4) 44.4 ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter (5) 5.1 ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter (6) 43.8 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) °C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance under natural convection is obtained in a simulation on a JEDEC-standard, high-K board, as specified in JESD51-7, in an environment described in JESD51-2a. The junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the package top. No specific JEDECstandard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88. The junction-to-board thermal resistance is obtained by simulating in an environment with a ring cold plate fixture to control the PCB temperature, as described in JESD51-8. The junction-to-top characterization parameter, ψJT, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted from the simulation data for obtaining θJA, using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7). The junction-to-board characterization parameter, ψJB, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted from the simulation data for obtaining θJA , using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7). Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 3 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS over operating free-air temperature range, VDD = 25 V, RCBC = RNTC = open, -20°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C, TJ = TA (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Bias Supply Input IRUN Supply current, run IDRV = 0, run state 2.1 2.65 IWAIT Supply current, wait IDRV = 0, wait state 85 110 ISTART Supply current, start IDRV = 0, VVDD = 18 V, start state 1.0 1.5 IFAULT Supply current, fault IDRV = 0, fault state 2.1 2.8 mA µA mA Under-Voltage Lockout VVDD(on) VDD turn-on threshold VVDD low to high 19 21 23 VVDD(off) VDD turn-off threshold VVDD high to low 7.7 8.1 8.45 VVSR Regulating level Measured at no-load condition, TJ = 25°C 4.01 4.05 4.09 V VVSNC Negative clamp level IVS = -300 µA, volts below ground 190 250 325 mV IVSB Input bias current VVS = 4 V -0.25 0 0.25 µA V VS Input CS Input VCST(max) Max CS threshold voltage VVS = 3.7 V (1) 715 750 775 VCST(min) Min CS threshold voltage VVS = 4.35 V (1) 230 250 270 KAM AM control ratio VCST(max) / VCST(min) 2.75 3.0 3.15 V/V VCCR constant-current regulating level CC regulation constant 310 319 329 mV KLC Line compensating current ratio IVSLS = -300 µA, IVSLS / current out of CS pin 23 25 28 A/A TCSLEB Leading-edge blanking time DRV output duration, VCS = 1 V 195 235 275 ns IDRS DRV source current VDRV = 8 V, VVDD = 9 V 20 25 RDRVLS DRV low-side drive resistance IDRV = 10 mA VDRCL DRV clamp voltage RDRVSS DRV pull-down in start state mV DRV mA 6 12 Ω 14 16 V 150 200 230 kΩ 120 130 140 kHz 875 1000 1100 Hz 1.8 2.1 2.45 µs VVDD = 35 V Timing fSW(max) Maximum switching frequency VVS = 3.7 V (1) fSW(min) Minimum switching frequency TZTO Zero-crossing timeout delay (1) 4 VVS = 4.35 V (1) These devices automatically vary the control frequency and current sense thresholds to improve EMI performance, these threshold voltages and frequency limits represent average levels. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 www.ti.com SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) over operating free-air temperature range, VDD = 25 V, RCBC = RNTC = open, -20°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C, TJ = TA (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Protection VOVP Over-voltage threshold At VS input, TJ = 25°C 4.52 4.6 4.68 VOCP Over-current threshold At CS input 1.4 1.5 1.6 IVSL(run) VS line-sense run current Current out of VS pin – increasing 190 220 260 IVSL(stop) VS line-sense stop current Current out of VS pin – decreasing 70 80 95 KVSL VS line-sense ratio IVSL(run) / IVSL(stop) 2.5 2.8 3.05 TJ(stop) Thermal shut-down temperature Internal junction temperature 165 V µA A/A °C Cable Compensation (UCC28700 only) VCBC(max) Cable compensation maximum voltage Voltage at CBC at full load 2.8 3.0 3.4 VCVS(min) Compensation at VS VCBC = open, change in VS regulating level at full load -45 -15 25 VCVS(max) Maximum compensation at VS VCBC = 0 V, change in VS regulating level at full load 275 320 365 -45 -15 25 V mV Cable Compensation (UCC28701/2/3 only) VCVS Compensation at VS (UCC28701) Change in VS regulating level at full load VCVS Compensation at VS (UCC28702) Change in VS regulating level at full load 100 VCVS Compensation at VS (UCC28703) Change in VS regulating level at full load 200 mV NTC Input (UCC28701/2/3 only) VNTCTH NTC shut-down threshold Fault UVLO cycle when below this threshold 0.95 V INTC NTC pull-up current Current out of pin 105 µA Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 5 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 www.ti.com DEVICE INFORMATION Functional Block Diagram 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 www.ti.com SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 DBV Package (Top View) CBC (00) NTC (01) 1 6 VS VDD 2 5 GND DRV 3 4 CS Table 2. TERMINAL FUNCTIONS PIN DESCRIPTION NAME NO. I/O CBC (UCC28700) 1 I CaBle Compensation is a programming pin for compensation of cable voltage drop. Cable compensation is programmed with a resistor to GND. CS 4 I Current Sense input connects to a ground-referenced current-sense resistor in series with the power switch. The resulting voltage is used to monitor and control the peak primary current. A series resistor can be added to this pin to compensate the peak switch current levels as the AC-mains input varies. DRV 3 O DRriVe is an output used to drive the gate of an external high voltage MOSFET switching transistor. The GrouND pin is both the reference pin for the controller and the low-side return for the drive output. Special care should be taken to return all AC decoupling capacitors as close as possible to this pin and avoid any common trace length with analog signal return paths. GND 5 — NTC (UCC28701/2/3) 1 I NTC is an interface to an external NTC (negative temperature coefficient) resistor for remote temperature sensing. Pulling this pin low shuts down PWM action. VDD 2 — VDD is the bias supply input pin to the controller. A carefully-placed bypass capacitor to GND is required on this pin. VS 6 I Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Voltage Sense is an input used to provide voltage and timing feedback to the controller. This pin is connected to a voltage divider between an auxiliary winding and GND. The value of the upper resistor of this divider is used to program the AC-mains run and stop thresholds and line compensation at the CS pin. Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 7 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 www.ti.com Detailed Pin Description VDD (Device Bias Voltage Supply): The VDD pin is connected to a bypass capacitor to ground and a start-up resistance to the input bulk capacitor (+) terminal. The VDD turn-on UVLO threshold is 21 V and turn-off UVLO threshold is 8.1 V, with an available operating range up to 35 V. The USB charging specification requires the output current to operate in constant-current mode from 5 V to a minimum of 2 V; this is easily achieved with a nominal VDD of approximately 25 V. The additional VDD headroom up to 35 V allows for VDD to rise due to the leakage energy delivered to the VDD capacitor in high-load conditions. Also, the wide VDD range provides the advantage of selecting a relatively small VDD capacitor and high-value start-up resistance to minimize no-load stand-by power loss in the start-up resistor. GND (Ground): This is a single ground reference external to the device for the gate drive current and analog signal reference. Place the VDD bypass capacitor close to GND and VDD with short traces to minimize noise on the VS and CS signal pins. VS (Voltage-Sense): The VS pin is connected to a resistor divider from the auxiliary winding to ground. The output-voltage feedback information is sampled at the end of the transformer secondary current demagnetization time to provide an accurate representation of the output voltage. Timing information to achieve valley-switching and to control the duty cycle of the secondary transformer current is determined by the waveform on the VS pin. Avoid placing a filter capacitor on this input which would interfere with accurate sensing of this waveform. The VS pin also senses the bulk capacitor voltage to provide for AC-input run and stop thresholds, and to compensate the current-sense threshold across the AC-input range. This information is sensed during the MOSFET on-time. For the AC-input run/stop function, the run threshold on VS is 220 µA and the stop threshold is 80 µA. The values for the auxilliary voltage divider upper-resistor RS1 and lower-resistor RS2 can be determined by the equations below. where • • • NPA is the transformer primary-to-auxiliary turns ratio, VIN(run) is the AC RMS voltage to enable turn-on of the controller (run), IVSL(run) is the run-threshold for the current pulled out of the VS pin during the MOSFET on-time. (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS) (1) VOCV is the converter regulated output voltage, VF is the output rectifier forward drop at near-zero current, NAS is the transformer auxiliary to secondary turns ratio, RS1 is the VS divider high-side resistance, VVSR is the CV regulating level at the VS input (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). (2) where • • • • • DRV (Gate Drive): The DRV pin is connected to the MOSFET gate pin, usually through a series resistor. The gate driver provides a gate-drive signal limited to 14 V. The turn-on characteristic of the driver is a 25-mA current source which limits the turn-on dv/dt of the MOSFET drain and reduces the leading-edge current spike, but still provides gate-drive current to overcome the Miller plateau. The gate-drive turn-off current is determined by the low-side driver RDS(on) and any external gate-drive resistance. The user can reduce the turn-off MOSFET drain dv/dt by adding external gate resistance. 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 www.ti.com SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 CS (Current Sense): The current-sense pin is connected through a series resistor (RLC) to the current-sense resistor (RCS). The current-sense threshold is 0.75 V for IPP(max) and 0.25 V for IPP(min). The series resistor RLC provides the function of feed-forward line compensation to eliminate change in IPP due to change in di/dt and the propagation delay of the internal comparator and MOSFET turn-off time. There is an internal leading-edge blanking time of 235 ns to eliminate sensitivity to the MOSFET turn-on current spike. It should not be necessary to place a bypass capacitor on the CS pin. The value of RCS is determined by the target output current in constant-current (CC) regulation. The values of RCS and RLC can be determined by the equations below. The term ηXFMR is intended to account for the energy stored in the transformer but not delivered to the secondary. This includes transformer resistance and core loss, bias power, and primary-to-secondary leakage ratio. Example: With a transformer core and winding loss of 5%, primary-to-secondary leakage inductance of 3.5%, and bias power to output power ratio of 1.5%. The ηXFMR value is approximately: 1 - 0.05 - 0.035 - 0.015 = 0.9. where • • • • RLC = VCCR is a current regulation constant (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS), NPS is the transformer primary-to-secondary turns ratio (a ratio of 13 to 15 is recommended for 5-V output), IOCC is the target output current in constant-current regulation, ηXFMR is the transformer efficiency. (3) KLC ´ RS1 ´ RCS ´ TD ´ NPA LP where • • • • • • RS1 is the VS pin high-side resistor value, RCS is the current-sense resistor value, TD is the current-sense delay including MOSFET turn-off delay, add ~50 ns to MOSFET delay, NPA is the transformer primary-to-auxiliary turns ratio, LP is the transformer primary inductance, KLC is a current-scaling constant (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). (4) CBC (Cable Compensation), Pin 1 UCC28700: The cable compensation pin is connected to a resistor to ground to program the amount of output voltage compensation to offset cable resistance. The cable compensation block provides a 0-V to 3-V voltage level on the CBC pin corresponding to 0 to IOCC output current. The resistance selected on the CBC pin programs a current mirror that is summed into the VS feedback divider therefore increasing the output voltage as IOUT increases. There is an internal series resistance of 28 kΩ to the CBC pin which sets a maximum cable compensation of a 5-V output to 400 mV when CBC is shorted to ground. The CBC resistance value can be determined by the equation below. where • • • • • VO is the output voltage, VF is the diode forward voltage, VOCBC is the target cable compensation voltage at the output terminals, VCBC(max) is the maximum voltage at the cable compensation pin at the maximum converter output current (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS), VVSR is the CV regulating level at the VS input (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). (5) NTC (NTC Thermistor Shut-down), Pin 1 UCC28701/2/3: These versions of the UCC28700 family utilize pin 1 for an external NTC thermistor to allow user-programmable external thermal shut-down. The shut-down threshold is 0.95 V with an internal 105-µA current source which results in a 9.05-kΩ thermistor shut-down threshold. These controllers have either zero or fixed internal cable compensation. Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 9 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS At VDD = 25 V, unless otherwise noted. 10 10 Run State IRUN, VDD = 25 V 1 IVDD − Bias Supply Current (mA) IVDD − Bias Supply Current (mA) 1 Wait State 0.1 0.01 VDD Turn−Off 0.001 VDD Turn−On IWAIT, VDD = 25 V 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 ISTART, VDD = 18 V Start State 0.00001 0 5 10 15 20 25 VDD − Bias Supply Voltage (V) 30 35 0.0001 −25 0 25 50 75 TJ − Temperature (°C) 100 G001 G002 Figure 1. Bias Supply Current vs. Bias Supply Voltage Figure 2. Bias Supply Current vs. Temperature 300 4.10 250 VS Line Sense Current (µA) VVSR − VS Regulation Voltage (V) 4.08 4.06 4.04 4.02 4.00 IVSLRUN 200 150 IVSLSTOP 100 50 3.98 3.96 −25 0 25 50 75 TJ − Temperature (°C) 100 125 0 −20 5 30 55 80 TJ − Temperature (°C) 105 G003 Figure 3. VS Regulation Voltage vs. Temperature 10 125 Submit Documentation Feedback 125 G004 Figure 4. Line-Sense Current vs. Temperature Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 www.ti.com SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) At VDD = 25 V, unless otherwise noted. 330 VCCR − Constant Current Regulating Level (mV) VCSTMIN − Minimum CS Threshold Voltage (mV) 270 265 260 255 250 245 240 235 230 −25 0 25 50 75 TJ − Temperature (°C) 100 325 320 315 310 −25 125 0 25 50 75 TJ − Temperature (°C) 100 G005 125 G006 Figure 5. Minimum CS Threshold Voltage vs. Temperature Figure 6. Constant-Current Regulating Level vs. Temperature 1100 34 1075 32 1050 IDRS − DRV Source Current (mA) FSWMIN − Minimum Switching Frequency (Hz) VDRV = 8 V, VVDD = 9 V 1025 1000 975 950 925 28 26 24 22 900 875 −25 30 0 25 50 75 TJ − Temperature (°C) 100 125 20 −25 0 25 50 75 TJ − Temperature (°C) 100 G007 Figure 7. Minimum Switching Frequency vs. Temperature Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated 125 G008 Figure 8. DRV Source Current vs. Temperature Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 11 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) At VDD = 25 V, unless otherwise noted. 120 115 0.98 INTC −NTC Pull−up Current (µA) VNTCTH − NTC Shutdown Threshold Voltage (V) 1.00 0.96 0.94 0.92 110 105 100 95 0.90 −25 0 25 50 75 TJ − Temperature (°C) 100 125 90 −25 0 25 50 75 TJ − Temperature (°C) 100 G009 Figure 9. NTC Shut-down Threshold Voltage vs. Temperature 125 G010 Figure 10. NTC Pull-Up Current vs. Temperature 4.68 VOVP − VS Over−Voltage Threshold (V) 4.66 4.64 4.62 4.60 4.58 4.56 4.54 4.52 −25 0 25 50 75 TJ − Temperature (°C) 100 125 G011 Figure 11. Over-Voltage Threshold vs. Temperature 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 www.ti.com SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The UCC28700 is a flyback power supply controller which provides accurate voltage and constant current regulation with primary-side feedback, eliminating the need for opto-coupler feedback circuits. The controller operates in discontinuous conduction mode with valley-switching to minimize switching losses. The modulation scheme is a combination of frequency and primary peak current modulation to provide high conversion efficiency across the load range. The control law provides a wide-dynamic operating range of output power to achieve the <30-mW stand-by power requirement. Another feature beneficial to achieve low stand-by power without excessive start-up time is a wide operating VDD range to allow a high-value VDD start-up resistance and low-value VDD capacitance. During low-power operating ranges the device has power management features to reduce the device operating current at operating frequencies below 44 kHz. The UCC28700 controller includes features in the modulator to reduce the EMI peak energy of the fundamental switching frequency and harmonics. Accurate voltage and constant current regulation, fast dynamic response, and fault protection are achieved with primary-side control. A complete charger solution can be realized with a straightforward design process, low cost and low component count. Primary-Side Voltage Regulation Figure 12 illustrates a simplified flyback convertor with the main voltage regulation blocks of the device shown. The power train operation is the same as any DCM flyback circuit but accurate output voltage and current sensing is the key to primary-side control. Figure 12. Simplified Flyback Convertor (with the main voltage regulation blocks) In primary-side control, the output voltage is sensed on the auxiliary winding during the transfer of transformer energy to the secondary. As shown in Figure 13 it is clear there is a down slope representing a decreasing total rectifier VF and resistance voltage drop (ISRS) as the secondary current decreases to zero. To achieve an accurate representation of the secondary output voltage on the auxiliary winding, the discriminator reliably blocks the leakage inductance reset and ringing, continuously samples the auxiliary voltage during the down slope after the ringing is diminished, and captures the error signal at the time the secondary winding reaches zero current. The internal reference on VS is 4.05 V; the resistor divider is selected as outlined in the VS pin description. Figure 13. Auxiliary Winding Voltage Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 13 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 www.ti.com The UCC28700 VS signal sampler includes signal discrimination methods to ensure an accurate sample of the output voltage from the auxiliary winding. There are however some details of the auxiliary winding signal to ensure reliable operation, specifically the reset time of the leakage inductance and the duration of any subsequent leakage inductance ring. Refer to Figure 14 below for a detailed illustration of waveform criteria to ensure a reliable sample on the VS pin. The first detail to examine is the duration of the leakage inductance reset pedestal, TLK_RESET in Figure 14. Since this can mimic the waveform of the secondary current decay, followed by a sharp downslope, it is important to keep the leakage reset time less than 500 ns for IPRI minimum, and less than 1.5 µs for IPRI maximum. The second detail is the amplitude of ringing on the VAUX waveform following TLK_RESET. The peak-to-peak voltage at the VS pin should be less than approximately 100 mVp-p at least 200 ns before the end of the demagnetization time, tDM. If there is a concern with excessive ringing, it usually occurs during light or no-load conditions, when tDM is at the minimum. The tolerable ripple on VS is scaled up to the auxiliary winding voltage by RS1 and RS2, and is equal to 100 mV x (RS1 + RS2) / RS2. TLK RESET TSMPL VS ring p-p TDM Figure 14. Auxiliary Waveform Details During voltage regulation, the controller operates in frequency modulation mode and amplitude modulation mode as illustrated in Figure 15 below. The internal operating frequency limits of the device are 130 kHz maximum and 1 kHz minimum. The transformer primary inductance and primary peak current chosen sets the maximum operating frequency of the converter. The output preload resistor and efficiency at low power determines the converter minimum operating frequency. There is no stability compensation required for the UCC28700 controller. Figure 15. Frequency and Amplitude Modulation Modes (during voltage regulation) 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 www.ti.com SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 Primary-Side Current Regulation Timing information at the VS pin and current information at the CS pin allow accurate regulation of the secondary average current. The control law dictates that as power is increased in CV regulation and approaching CC regulation the primary-peak current is at IPP(max). Referring to Figure 16 below, the primary-peak current, turns ratio, secondary demagnetization time (tDM), and switching period (TSW) determine the secondary average output current. Ignoring leakage inductance effects, the average output current is given by Equation 6. When the average output current reaches the regulation reference in the current control block, the controller operates in frequency modulation mode to control the output current at any output voltage at or below the voltage regulation target as long as the auxiliary winding can keep VDD above the UVLO turn-off threshold. IPP IS x N S/NP tON tDM T SW Figure 16. Transformer Currents (6) Figure 17. Typical Target Output V-I Characteristic Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 15 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 www.ti.com Valley-Switching The UCC28700 utilizes valley-switching to reduce switching losses in the MOSFET, to reduce induced-EMI, and to minimize the turn-on current spike at the sense resistor. The controller operates in valley-switching in all load conditions unless the VDS ringing has diminished. Referring to Figure 18 below, the UCC28700 operates in a valley-skipping mode in most load conditions to maintain an accurate voltage or current regulation point and still switch on the lowest available VDS voltage. VDS VDRV Figure 18. Valley-Skipping Mode Start-Up Operation Upon application of input voltage to the converter, the start-up resistor connected to VDD from the bulk capacitor voltage (VBLK) charges the VDD capacitor. During charging of the VDD capacitor the device bias supply current is less than 1.5 µA. When VDD reaches the 21-V UVLO turn-on threshold, the controller is enabled and the converter starts switching. The initial three cycles are limited to IPP(min). This allows sensing any initial input or output faults with minimal power delivery. After the initial three cycles at minimum IPP(min), the controller responds to the condition dictated by the control law. The converter remains in discontinuous mode during charging of the output capacitor(s), maintaining a constant output current until the output voltage is in regulation. 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 www.ti.com SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 Fault Protection There is comprehensive fault protection incorporated into the UCC28700. Protection functions include: • Output over voltage • Input under voltage • Internal over temperature • Primary over-current fault • CS pin fault • VS pin fault A UVLO reset and restart sequence applies for all fault protection events. The output over-voltage function is determined by the voltage feedback on the VS pin. If the voltage sample on VS exceeds 115% of the nominal VOUT, the device stops switching and keeps the internal circuitry enabled to discharge the VDD capacitor to the UVLO turn-off threshold. After that, the device returns to the start state and a start-up sequence ensues. The UCC28700 always operates with cycle-by-cycle primary peak current control. The normal operating range of the CS pin is 0.75 V to 0.25 V. There is additional protection if the CS pin reaches 1.5 V. This results in a UVLO reset and restart sequence. There is no leading-edge blanking on the 1.5-V threshold on CS. The line input run and stop thresholds are determined by current information at the VS pin during the MOSFET on-time. While the VS pin is clamped close to GND during the MOSFET on-time, the current through RS1 is monitored to determine a sample of the bulk capacitor voltage. A wide separation of run and stop thresholds allows clean start-up and shut-down of the power supply with the line voltage. The run current threshold is 220 µA and the stop current threshold is 80 µA. The internal over-temperature protection threshold is 165°C. If the junction temperature reaches this threshold the device initiates a UVLO reset cycle. If the temperature is still high at the end of the UVLO cycle, the protection cycle repeats. Protection is included in the event of component failures on the VS pin. If complete loss of feedback information on the VS pin occurs, the controller stops switching and restarts. Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 17 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 www.ti.com DESIGN PROCEDURE This procedure outlines the steps to design a constant-voltage, constant-current flyback converter using the UCC28700 family of controllers. Refer to the Figure 19 for component names and network locations. The design procedure equations use terms that are defined below. Figure 19. Design Procedure Application Example Definition of Terms Capacitance Terms in Farads • CBULK: total input capacitance of CB1 and CB2. • CDD: minimum required capacitance on the VDD pin. • COUT: minimum output capacitance required. Duty Cycle Terms • DMAGCC: secondary diode conduction duty cycle in CC, 0.425. • DMAX: MOSFET on-time duty cycle. Frequency Terms in Hertz • fLINE: minimum line frequency. • fMAX: target full-load maximum switching frequency of the converter. • fMIN: minimum switching frequency of the converter, add 15% margin over the fSW(min) limit of the device. • fSW(min): minimum switching frequency (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). Current Terms in Amperes • IOCC: converter output constant-current target. • IPP(max): maximum transformer primary current. • ISTART: start-up bias supply current (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). • ITRAN: required positive load-step current. • IVSL(run): VS pin run current (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 www.ti.com SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 Current and Voltage Scaling Terms • KAM: maximum-to-minimum peak primary current ratio (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). • KLC: current-scaling constant (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). Transformer Terms • LP: transformer primary inductance. • NAS: transformer auxiliary-to-secondary turns ratio. • NPA: transformer primary-to-auxiliary turns ratio. • NPS: transformer primary-to-secondary turns ratio. Power Terms in Watts • PIN: converter maximum input power. • POUT: full-load output power of the converter. • PRSTR: VDD start-up resistor power dissipation. • PSB: total stand-by power. • PSB_CONV: PSB minus start-up resistor and snubber losses. Resistance Terms in Ω • RCS: primary current programming resistance. • RESR: total ESR of the output capacitor(s). • RPL: preload resistance on the output of the converter. • RS1: high-side VS pin resistance. • RS2: low-side VS pin resistance. • RSTR: maximum start-up resistance to achieve the turn-on time target. • RSTR: VDD start-up resistance. Timing Terms in Seconds • TD: current-sense delay including MOSFET turn-off delay; add 50 ns to MOSFET delay. • TDMAG(min): minimum secondary rectifier conduction time. • TON(min): minimum MOSFET on time. • TR: resonant frequency during the DCM (discontinuous conduction mode) time. • TSTR: converter start-up time requirement. Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 19 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 www.ti.com Voltage Terms in Volts • VBLK: highest bulk capacitor voltage for stand-by power measurement. • VBULK(min): minimum voltage on CB1 and CB2 at full power. • VOCBC: target cable compensation voltage at the output terminals. • VCBC(max): maximum voltage at the CBC pin at the maximum converter output current (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). • VCCR: constant-current regulating voltage (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). • VCST(max): CS pin maximum current-sense threshold (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). • VCST(min): CS pin minimum current-sense threshold (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). • VDD(off): UVLO turn-off voltage (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). • VDD(on): UVLO turn-on voltage (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). • VOΔ: output voltage drop allowed during the load-step transient. • VDSPK: peak MOSFET drain-to-source voltage at high line. • VF: secondary rectifier forward voltage drop at near-zero current. • VFA: auxiliary rectifier forward voltage drop. • VLK: estimated leakage inductance energy reset voltage. • VOCV: regulated output voltage of the converter. • VOCC: target lowest converter output voltage in constant-current regulation. • VREV: peak reverse voltage on the secondary rectifier. • VRIPPLE: output peak-to-peak ripple voltage at full-load. • VVSR: CV regulating level at the VS input (see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS). AC Voltage Terms in VRMS • VIN(max): maximum input voltage to the converter. • VIN(min): minimum input voltage to the converter. • VIN(run): converter input start-up (run) voltage. Efficiency Terms • ηSB: estimated efficiency of the converter at no-load condition, not including start-up resistance or bias losses. For a 5-V USB charger application, 60% to 65% is a good initial estimate. • η: converter overall efficiency. • ηXFMR: transformer primary-to-secondary power transfer efficiency. 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 www.ti.com SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 Stand-by Power Estimate Assuming no-load stand-by power is a critical design parameter, determine estimated no-load power based on target converter maximum switching frequency and output power rating. The following equation estimates the stand-by power of the converter. (7) For a typical USB charger application, the bias power during no-load is approximately 2.5 mW. This is based on 25-V VDD and 100-µA bias current. The output preload resistor can be estimated by VOCV and the difference in the converter stand-by power and the bias power. The equation for output preload resistance accounts for bias power estimated at 2.5 mW. (8) Typical start-up resistance values for RSTR range from 13 MΩ to 20 MΩ to achieve 1-s start-up time. The capacitor bulk voltage for the loss estimation is the highest voltage for the stand-by power measurement, typically 325 VDC. (9) For the total stand-by power estimation add an estimated 2.5 mW for snubber loss to the start-up resistance and converter stand-by power loss. (10) Input Bulk Capacitance and Minimum Bulk Voltage Determine the minimum voltage on the input capacitance, CB1 and CB2 total, in order to determine the maximum Np to Ns turns ratio of the transformer. The input power of the converter based on target full-load efficiency, minimum input RMS voltage, and minimum AC input frequency are used to determine the input capacitance requirement. Maximum input power is determined based on VOCV, IOCC, and the full-load efficiency target. (11) The below equation provides an accurate solution for input capacitance based on a target minimum bulk capacitor voltage. To target a given input capacitance value, iterate the minimum capacitor voltage to achieve the target capacitance. (12) Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 21 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 www.ti.com Transformer Turns Ratio, Inductance, Primary-Peak Current The maximum primary-to-secondary turns ratio can be determined by the target maximum switching frequency at full load, the minimum input capacitor bulk voltage, and the estimated DCM quasi-resonant time. Initially determine the maximum available total duty cycle of the on time and secondary conduction time based on target switching frequency and DCM resonant time. For DCM resonant time, assume 500 kHz if you do not have an estimate from previous designs. For the transition mode operation limit, the period required from the end of secondary current conduction to the first valley of the VDS voltage is ½ of the DCM resonant period, or 1 µs assuming 500-kHz resonant frequency. DMAX can be determined using the equation below. (13) Once DMAX is known, the maximum turns ratio of the primary to secondary can be determined with the equation below. DMAGCC is defined as the secondary diode conduction duty cycle during constant-current, CC, operation. It is set internally by the UCC28700 at 0.425. The total voltage on the secondary winding needs to be determined; which is the sum of VOCV, the secondary rectifier VF, and the cable compensation voltage (VOCBC). For the 5-V USB charger applications, a turns ratio range of 13 to 15 is typically used. (14) Once an optimum turns ratio is determined from a detailed transformer design, use this ratio for the following parameters. The UCC28700 controller constant-current regulation is achieved by maintaining a maximum DMAG duty cycle of 0.425 at the maximum primary current setting. The transformer turns ratio and constant-current regulating voltage determine the current sense resistor for a target constant current. Since not all of the energy stored in the transformer is transferred to the secondary, a transformer efficiency term is included. This efficiency number includes the core and winding losses, leakage inductance ratio, and bias power ratio to rated output power. For a 5-V, 1-A charger example, bias power of 1.5% is a good estimate. An overall transformer efficiency of 0.9 is a good estimate to include 3.5% leakage inductance, 5% core and winding loss, and 1.5% bias power. (15) The primary transformer inductance can be calculated using the standard energy storage equation for flyback transformers. Primary current, maximum switching frequency and output and transformer power losses are included in the equation below. Initially determine transformer primary current. Primary current is simply the maximum current sense threshold divided by the current sense resistance. (16) (17) The secondary winding to auxiliary winding transformer turns ratio (NAS) is determined by the lowest target operating output voltage in constant-current regulation and the VDD UVLO of the UCC28700. There is additional energy supplied to VDD from the transformer leakage inductance energy which allows a lower turns ratio to be used in many designs. (18) 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 www.ti.com SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 Transformer Parameter Verification The transformer turns ratio selected affects the MOSFET VDS and secondary rectifier reverse voltage so these should be reviewed. The UCC28700 controller requires a minimum on time of the MOSFET (TON) and minimum DMAG time (TDMAG) of the secondary rectifier in the high line, minimum load condition. The selection of FMAX, LP and RCS affects the minimum TON and TDMAG. The secondary rectifier and MOSFET voltage stress can be determined by the equations below. (19) For the MOSFET VDS voltage stress, an estimated leakage inductance voltage spike (VLK) needs to be included. (20) The following equations are used to determine if the minimum TON target of 300 ns and minimum TDMAG target of 1.1 µs is achieved. (21) (22) Output Capacitance The output capacitance value is typically determined by the transient response requirement from no-load. For example, in some USB charger applications there is a requirement to maintain a minimum VO of 4.1 V with a load-step transient of 0 mA to 500 mA . The equation below assumes that the switching frequency can be at the UCC28700 minimum of fSW(min). (23) Another consideration of the output capacitor(s) is the ripple voltage requirement which is reviewed based on secondary peak current and ESR. A margin of 20% is added to the capacitor ESR requirement in the equation below. (24) Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 23 UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 SLUSB41 – JULY 2012 www.ti.com VDD Capacitance, CDD The capacitance on VDD needs to supply the device operating current until the output of the converter reaches the target minimum operating voltage in constant-current regulation. At this time the auxiliary winding can sustain the voltage to the UCC28700. The total output current available to the load and to charge the output capacitors is the constant-current regulation target. The equation below assumes the output current of the flyback is available to charge the output capacitance until the minimum output voltage is achieved. There is an estimated 1 mA of gate-drive current in the equation and 1 V of margin added to VDD. (25) VDD Start-Up Resistance, RSTR Once the VDD capacitance is known, the start-up resistance from VBULK to achieve the turn-on time target can be determined. (26) VS Resistor Divider, Line Compensation, and Cable Compensation The VS divider resistors determine the output voltage regulation point of the flyback converter, also the high-side divider resistor (RS1) determines the line voltage at which the controller enables continuous DRV operation. RS1 is initially determined based on transformer auxiliary to primary turns ratio and desired input voltage operating threshold. (27) The low-side VS pin resistor is selected based on desired VO regulation voltage. (28) The UCC28700 can maintain tight constant-current regulation over input line by utilizing the line compensation feature. The line compensation resistor (RLC) value is determined by current flowing in RS1 and expected gate drive and MOSFET turn-off delay. Assume a 50-ns internal delay in the UCC28700. (29) On the UCC28700 which has adjustable cable compensation, the resistance for the desired compensation level at the output terminals can be determined using the equation below. (30) 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): UCC28700, UCC28701 UCC28702, UCC28703 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 17-Aug-2012 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) UCC28700DBVR ACTIVE SOT-23 DBV 6 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR UCC28700DBVT ACTIVE SOT-23 DBV 6 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR UCC28701DBVR ACTIVE SOT-23 DBV 6 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR UCC28701DBVT ACTIVE SOT-23 DBV 6 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Samples (Requires Login) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. 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Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 17-Aug-2012 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) UCC28700DBVR SOT-23 DBV 6 3000 178.0 9.0 B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 3.23 3.17 1.37 4.0 8.0 Q3 UCC28700DBVT SOT-23 DBV 6 250 178.0 9.0 3.23 3.17 1.37 4.0 8.0 Q3 UCC28701DBVR SOT-23 DBV 6 3000 178.0 9.0 3.23 3.17 1.37 4.0 8.0 Q3 UCC28701DBVT SOT-23 DBV 6 250 178.0 9.0 3.23 3.17 1.37 4.0 8.0 Q3 Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 17-Aug-2012 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) UCC28700DBVR SOT-23 DBV 6 3000 180.0 180.0 18.0 UCC28700DBVT SOT-23 DBV 6 250 180.0 180.0 18.0 UCC28701DBVR SOT-23 DBV 6 3000 180.0 180.0 18.0 UCC28701DBVT SOT-23 DBV 6 250 180.0 180.0 18.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46C and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48B. 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