RT8869A Advanced 2/1-Phase PWM Controller for CPU Core Power General Description Features The RT8869A is an advanced 2/1-phase synchronous buck controller with 2 integrated MOSFET drivers. It integrates an 8-bit DAC that supports Intel VR11.x CPUs power application. z 12V Power Supply Voltage z 2/1-Phase Power Conversion Integrated 2 MOSFET Drivers with Internal Bootstrap Diode Dynamic Phase Control Capability 8-bit DAC Supports Intel VR11.x CPUs Lossless RDS(ON) Current Sensing for Current Balance Adjustable Frequency : 50kHz to 1MHz Adjustable Over Current Protection Adjustable Soft-Start VR_RDY, VR_HOT and VR_SHDN Indications Small 40-Lead WQFN Package RoHS Compliant and Halogen Free z z z z z z z z The RT8869A is available in a small footprint with WQFN40L 5x5 package. Ordering Information RT8869A Applications z z z Package Type QW : WQFN-40L 5x5 (W-Type) Lead Plating System Z : ECO (Ecological Element with Halogen Free and Pb free)) Desktop CPU Core Power Middle/High End Graphic Cards Low Voltage, High Current DC/ DC Converters Pin Configurations (TOP VIEW) FBRTN VID0 VID1 VID2 VID3 VID4 VID5 VID6 VID7 BOOT1 to achieve phase current balance. Other features include adjustable operating frequency, adjustable soft-start, short circuit protection, adjustable over current protection, over voltage protection, under voltage protection, power good indication, VR_HOT indication and VR_SHDN indication. z Note : Richtek products are : ` RoHS compliant and compatible with the current requirements of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020. ` Suitable for use in SnPb or Pb-free soldering processes. Marking Information RT8869AZQW : Product Number RT8869A ZQW YMDNN YMDNN : Date Code 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 VRSEL VR_RDY SS EN DAC EAP FB COMP CSP CSN 1 30 2 29 3 28 4 27 5 6 26 GND 25 24 7 8 9 41 23 22 21 10 UGATE1 PHASE1 LGATE1 VCC12A VCC12B LGATE2 PHASE2 UGATE2 BOOT2 VR_HOT 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 IMAX VR_SHDN PS1 ISEN2 ISEN1 RT VCC5 TB VOUT TM The IC adopts state-of-the-art dynamic phase control capability by PS1 pin and achieves high efficiency over a wide load range. It uses lossless RDS(ON) current sensing z WQFN-40L 5x5 DS8869A-00 May 2011 www.richtek.com 1 www.richtek.com 2 PH2 PH1 VVR_SHDN VSHDN Q9 R31 R30 R18 VCC5 R17 C5 12V VCC_SNS VVR_HOT VTT R21 R15 VR_SHDN TM VR_HOT TB 41 (Exposed Pad) GND 26 VCC12B C16 27 VCC12A C15 18 16 RT 21 4 EN 9 CSP 10 CSN 13 PS1 12 20 IMAX 11 40 SS 3 FBRTN COMP 8 VOUT 19 FB 7 ISEN2 14 UGATE2 23 PHASE2 24 LGATE2 25 BOOT2 22 R5 R3 R2 R6 R4 C9 C5 C11 R12 Q4 Q3 L1 L2 C8 R37 C6 C7 R38 C3 C14 C33 VIN 4.5V to 13.2V Q2 Q1 VIN 4.5V to 13.2V R11 C4 C2 C13 R10 R8 C10 R9 R7 VVR_RDY VTT R35 32 to 39 1 VRSEL VR_RDY 2 VID[7:0] EAP 6 PHASE1 29 28 LGATE1 15 ISEN1 DAC 5 BOOT1 31 UGATE1 30 RT8869A 17 VCC5 R1 C26 RRT C17 RPS1 NTC2 R16 R29 R24 CSN+ R23 NTC1 R20 Chip Enable R19 C23 C1 C12 C30 CSN+ R40 CSN+ R41 C29 R13 VCC_SNS LOAD VSS_SNS R14 C34 VCORE RT8869A Typical Application Circuit DS8869A-00 May 2011 RT8869A Table 1. VR11.1 VID Code Table VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 Voltage VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 Voltage 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OFF 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1.39375 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 OFF 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1.38750 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1.60000 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1.38125 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1.59375 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1.37500 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.58750 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1.36875 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.58125 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1.36250 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1.57500 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1.35625 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1.56875 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1.35000 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1.56250 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1.34375 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.55625 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1.33750 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1.55000 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1.33125 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1.54375 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1.32500 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1.53750 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1.31875 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1.53125 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1.31250 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1.52500 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1.30625 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1.51875 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1.30000 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1.51250 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1.29375 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.50625 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1.28750 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1.50000 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1.28125 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1.49375 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1.27500 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1.48750 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1.26875 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1.48125 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1.26250 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1.47500 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1.25625 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1.46875 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1.25000 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1.46250 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1.24375 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1.45625 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1.23750 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1.45000 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1.23125 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1.44375 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1.22500 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1.43750 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.21875 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1.43125 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.21250 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1.42500 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.20625 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1.41875 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1.20000 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1.41250 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1.19375 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.40625 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.18750 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1.40000 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.18125 To be continued DS8869A-00 May 2011 www.richtek.com 3 RT8869A VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 Voltage VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 Voltage 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1.17500 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0.95000 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1.16875 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0.94375 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1.16250 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0.93750 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.15625 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0.93125 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1.15000 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0.92500 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1.14375 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0.91875 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1.13750 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.91250 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1.13125 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0.90625 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1.12500 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0.90000 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1.11875 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0.89375 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1.11250 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0.88750 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.10625 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0.88125 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1.10000 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0.87500 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1.09375 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0.86875 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1.08750 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0.86250 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1.08125 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0.85625 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1.07500 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0.85000 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1.06875 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0.84375 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1.06250 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0.83750 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1.05625 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0.83125 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1.05000 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0.82500 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1.04375 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.81875 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1.03750 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.81250 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1.03125 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.80625 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1.02500 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.80000 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1.01875 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1.01250 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.79375 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.78750 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.00625 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.78125 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1.00000 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0.99375 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0.77500 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0.98750 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0.76875 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0.98125 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.76250 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0.97500 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.75625 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0.96875 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0.75000 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0.96250 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0.74375 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0.95625 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.73750 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0.73125 To be continued www.richtek.com 4 DS8869A-00 May 2011 RT8869A VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 Voltage VID7 VID6 VID5 VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 Voltage 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0.72500 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0.50000 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0.71875 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 OFF 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0.71250 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 OFF 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.70625 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0.70000 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0.69375 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0.68750 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0.68125 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0.67500 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0.66875 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0.66250 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0.65625 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0.65000 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0.64375 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0.63750 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0.63125 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0.62500 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0.61875 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.61250 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.60625 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0.60000 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0.59375 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0.58750 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0.58125 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0.57500 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0.56875 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0.56250 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0.55625 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0.55000 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0.54375 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0.53750 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0.53125 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0.52500 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0.51875 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0.51250 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0.50625 DS8869A-00 May 2011 www.richtek.com 5 RT8869A Functional Pin Description Pin No. Pin Name 1 VRSEL 2 VR_RDY 3 SS 4 EN 5 DAC 6 EAP 7 FB 8 COMP 9, 10 CSP, CSN Pin Function Load Line Adjustment Enable Pin. Connect this pin to VTT and GND to disable and enable load line adjustment function respectively. VR Ready Indication. Soft-Start Ramp Slope Set Pin. Connect this pin to FBRTN by a capacitor to adjust soft-start slew rate. Chip Enable Pin. Pull this pin higher than 0.8V to enable the PWM controller. DAC Output Pin. Connect a resistor from this pin to EAP pin for setting the load line slope. Non-inverting Input of Error-Amplifier Pin. Connect a resistor from this pin to DAC pin to set the load line slope. Inverting Input of Error Amplifier Pin. Compensation Pin. Output of error amplifier and input of PWM comparator. Input of Current Sensing Amplifier. The sensed current is for droop control and over current protection. Output Current Indication. Connect a resistor from this pin to GND to set the over current protection threshold. 11 IMAX 12 VR_SHDN VR_SHDN Indication. 13 PS1 Dynamic Phase Control Threshold Input 1. Connect this pin to GND by a resistor to set dynamic phase control threshold. ISEN2, ISEN1 Phase Current Sense Pins for Phase 2 and Phase 1. Per phase current signal is sensed via the voltage across low side MOSFETs R DS(ON) for current balance. 16 RT Switching Frequency Set Pin. Connect this pin to GND via a resistor to adjust switching frequency. 17 VCC5 18 TB 19 VOUT 20 TM 21 VR_HOT 14, 15 22, 31 BOOT2, BOOT1 23, 30 UGATE2, UGATE1 24, 29 PHASE2, PHASE1 25, 28 LGATE2, LGATE1 Internal 5V Regulator Output. Transient Boost Pin. This pin along with the VOUT pin sets the transient boost function. Positive Voltage Sensing Pin. This pin is the positive node of the differential voltage sensing and along with TB pin sets the transient boost function. Thermal Monitoring Input Pin. Connect a resistive voltage divider with NTC to detect temperature. Thermal Monitoring Output Pin. Connect a resistor to VTT for VR_HOT signal assertion. Bootstrap Power Pins for Phase 2 and Phase 1. This pin powers the high side MOSFETs drivers. Connect this pin to the junction of the bootstrap capacitor with the cathode of the bootstrap diode. Upper Gate Drivers for Phase 2 and Phase 1. This pin drives the gate of the high side MOSFETs. Switch Nodes of High Side Driver 2 and Driver 1. Connect this pin to high side MOSFETs sources together with the low side MOSFETs drains and inductor. Lower Gate Drivers for Phase 2 and Phase 1. This pin drives the gate of low side MOSFETs. To be continued www.richtek.com 6 DS8869A-00 May 2011 RT8869A Pin No. Pin Name 26 27 32 to 39 40 41 (Exposed pad) Pin Function VCC12B Supply Input Pin. This pin supplies current for phase 2 gate driver. VCC12A Supply Input Pin. This pin supplies current for phase 1 gate driver and control circuits. VID7 to VID0 Voltage Identification Input for DAC. FBRTN Return Ground Pin. This pin is negative node of the differential remote voltage sending. GND Ground. The exposed pad must be soldered to a large PCB and connected to GND for maximum power dissipation. SS SoftStart VR_RDY Table Generator VCC12A VCC5 VID0 VID1 VID2 VID3 VID4 VID5 VID6 EN FBRTN VID7 Function Block Diagram POR 5V Regulator DAC COMP EAP FB PWM1 + + EA - VEAP + 160mV - BOOT1 MOSFET Driver OVP - VEAP - 300mV IMAX VRSEL UVP + + Load Line Adjustment CSN - CSP + IX 1.2V OCP - PWM2 + - BOOT2 MOSFET Driver TB + - ISEN1 + ISEN1 VDC DS8869A-00 May 2011 + - PHASE2 VCC12B Transient Response Enhancement - ISEN2 UGATE2 LGATE2 VOUT ISEN2 PHASE1 LGATE1 + IX UGATE1 VR_SHDN Thermal Monitor VR_HOT S/H S/H TM GND Current Balance Modulator Waveform Generator RT PS1 www.richtek.com 7 RT8869A Absolute Maximum Ratings z z z z z z z z z z z (Note 1) Supply Input Voltage (VCC12A, VCC12B) --------------------------------------------------- −0.3V to 15V BOOTx to PHASEx -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- −0.3V to 15V PHASEx to GND DC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ −2V to 15V < 20ns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- −5V to 30V UGATEx to GND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (VPHASEx − 0.3V) to (VBOOTx + 0.3V) < 20ns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (VPHASEx − 5V) to (VBOOTx + 5V) LGATEx to GND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (GND − 0.3V) to (VCC12x + 0.3V) < 20ns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (GND − 5V) to (VCC12x + 5V) Power Dissipation, PD @ TA = 25°C WQFN−40L 5x5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Package Thermal Resistance (Note 2) WQFN−40L 5x5, θJA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------WQFN−40L 5x5, θJC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Junction Temperature -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) -------------------------------------------------------Storage Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------ESD Susceptibility (Note 3) HBM (Human Body Mode) ----------------------------------------------------------------------MM (Machine Mode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Recommended Operating Conditions z z z 2.778W 36°C/W 6°C/W 150°C 260°C −65°C to 150°C 2kV 200V (Note 4) Supply Input Voltage (VCC12A, VCC12B) --------------------------------------------------- 10.8V to 13.2V Junction Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------- −40°C to 125°C Ambient Temperature Range --------------------------------------------------------------------- −40°C to 85°C Electrical Characteristics (VCC12x = 12V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit -- 6 -- mA 4.9 5 5.1 V 10 -- -- mA Supply Input Supply Current ICC12 VCC5 Supply Voltage VCC5 VCC5 Output Sourcing IVCC5 Soft-Start Current ISS1 VR_RDY = Low 68 80 92 μA VID Change Current ISS2 VR_RDY = High 135 160 185 μA Transient Boost Sinking Current ITB 9 10 11 μA VR_HOT Threshold Level 41 43 48 %VCC5 VR_HOT Hysteresis -- 7 -- %VCC5 VR_SHDN Threshold Level 30 32 34 %VCC5 ILOAD = 10mA Thermal Management To be continued www.richtek.com 8 DS8869A-00 May 2011 RT8869A Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Power On Reset VCC12 Rising Threshold VCC12RTH VCC12 Rising 9.2 9.6 10 V VCC12 Hysteresis VCC12HYS VCC12 Falling -- 0.9 -- V VCC5 Rising Threshold VCC5RTH VCC5 Rising 4.4 4.6 4.8 V VCC5 Hysteresis VCC5HYS VCC5 Falling -- 0.4 -- V VIH 0.8 -- -- VIL -- -- 0.4 270 300 330 kHz 50 -- 1000 kHz Enable Control EN Input Logic-High Threshold Logic-Low Voltage Oscillator Switching Frequency fOSC RRT = 24kΩ, for 2 Phase Operation Adjustable Frequency Range V Ramp Amplitude (Note 5) 3.5 4 4.5 V Maximum Duty (Note 5) 61 66 71 % 1.55 1.6 1.65 V RT Pin Voltage VRT Reference Voltage and DAC 1V to 1.6V −0.5 -- 0.5 % 0.8V to 1V −8 -- 8 mV −10 -- 10 mV VIH 0.8 -- -- VIL -- -- 0.4 DAC Accuracy 0.5V to 0.8V DAC Input Logic-High Threshold Voltage (VID0 to Logic-Low VID7, VRSEL) Error Amplifier V DC Gain ADC No Load -- 80 -- dB Gain Bandwidth GBW CLOAD = 10pF -- 10 -- MHz Slew Rate SR CLOAD = 10pF 10 -- -- V/μs Output Voltage Range VCOMP 0.5 3.6 V Maximum Current IEA_SLEW 300 -- -- μA Maximum Current IGMMAX 100 -- -- μA Input Offset Voltage VOSCS −1 0 1 mV Current Sense IMAX Current Mirror Accuracy IMAX / IAVG, 2 Phase Operation 368 400 432 % Droop Current Mirror Accuracy IDRP / I AVG, 2 Phase Operation 368 400 432 % -- 2 4 Ω Gate Driver -- 1 2 Ω RLGATEsr VBOOT − VPHASE = 8V 250mA Source Current VBOOT − VPHASE = 8V 250mA Sink Current VLGATE = 8V -- 2 4 Ω RLGATEsk 250mA Sink Current -- 0.8 1.6 Ω UGATE Drive Source RUGATEsr UGATE Drive Sink RUGATEsk LGATE Drive Source LGATE Drive Sink To be continued DS8869A-00 May 2011 www.richtek.com 9 RT8869A Parameter Protection Total Current Protection Threshold Over Voltage Threshold Under Voltage Threshold Over Temperature Protection Threshold Over Temperature Protection Hysteresis Output Pin Capability Symbol Test Conditions VIMA X Min Typ Max Unit 1.1 1.2 1.3 V VOVP VFB − V EAP 350 390 430 mV VUVP VFB − V EAP −380 −300 −250 mV (Note 5) 145 150 175 °C -- 20 -- °C VR_HOT Sinking Capability VVR_HOT IVR_HOT = 4mA -- 0.05 0.2 V VR_RDY Sinking Capability VVR_RDY IVR_RDY = 4mA -- 0.05 0.2 V VR_SHDN Sinking Capability VVR_SHDN IVR_SHDN = 4mA -- 0.05 0.2 V Note 1. Stresses listed as the above “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are for stress ratings. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may remain possibility to affect device reliability. Note 2. θJA is measured in natural convection at TA = 25°C on a high-effective thermal conductivity four-layer test board of JEDEC 51-7 thermal measurement standard. The measurement case position of θJC is on the exposed pad of the package. Note 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution is recommended. Note 4. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions. Note 5. Guaranteed by Design. www.richtek.com 10 DS8869A-00 May 2011 RT8869A Typical Operating Characteristics Frequency vs. Temperature 308 5.01 306 5.00 Frequency (kHz)1 VCC5 Supply Voltage (V) VCC5 Supply Voltage vs. Temperature 5.02 4.99 4.98 4.97 4.96 304 302 300 298 296 4.95 4.94 294 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) Inductor Current vs. Load Current Power On from EN 100 125 30 Inductor Current (A) 1 25 20 VOUT (1V/Div) EN (2V/Div) Phase 1 Phase 2 15 VR_RDY (1V/Div) 10 UGATE1 (20V/Div) 5 0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 VIN = 12V, IOUT = 30A Time (400μs/Div) 60 Load Current (A) Power Off from EN Dynamic Output Voltage Control VOUT (1V/Div) EN (2V/Div) VOUT (500mV/Div) VID5 (2V/Div) VR_RDY (1V/Div) UTATE1 (20V/Div) UGATE1 (20V/Div) UTATE2 (20V/Div) VIN = 12V, IOUT = 30A Time (40μs/Div) DS8869A-00 May 2011 VIN = 12V, IOUT = 0A, VID = 1V to 1.2V Time (20μs/Div) www.richtek.com 11 RT8869A Load Step Up Dynamic Output Voltage Control VOUT (100mV/Div) VOUT (500mV/Div) VID5 (2V/Div) IOUT (50A/Div) UTATE1 (20V/Div) UTATE1 (20V/Div) UTATE2 (20V/Div) UTATE2 (20V/Div) VIN = 12V, IOUT = 0A, VID = 1.2V to 1V VIN = 12V, RLL = 1mΩ Time (20μs/Div) Time (10μs/Div) Load Step Down OVP VOUT (100mV/Div) VFB (1V/Div) IOUT (50A/Div) EAP (1V/Div) UTATE1 (20V/Div) UTATE2 (20V/Div) VIN = 12V, RLL = 1mΩ Time (400μs/Div) UVP OCP VOUT (1V/Div) IOUT (50A/Div) EAP (1V/Div) UTATE1 (20V/Div) VDAC = 1V, VFB = 1V to 0.5V, IOUT = 0A Time (400μs/Div) www.richtek.com 12 VDAC = 1V, VFB = 1V to 1.5V, IOUT = 0A Time (10μs/Div) VFB (1V/Div) UTATE1 (20V/Div) LTATE2 (20V/Div) UTATE1 (20V/Div) LTATE2 (20V/Div) LTATE2 (20V/Div) RIMAX = 36kΩ Time (400μs/Div) DS8869A-00 May 2011 RT8869A Application Information The RT8869A is an advanced 2/1 phase synchronous buck controller with 2 integrated MOSFET drivers. It integrates an 8-bit DAC that supports Intel VR11.x VID tables. Supply Voltage and POR + 9.6V CMP - POR VCC5 + 4.6V CMP POR : Power On Reset - Figure 1. Circuit for Power Ready Detection DS8869A-00 May 2011 The switching frequency of the RT8869A is set by an external resistor connected from the RT pin to GND. The frequency follows the graph in Figure 2. Switching Frequency (kHz)1 1200 There are three supply voltage pins built in the RT8869A: VCC12A/VCC12B and VCC5. VCC12A/VCC12B are power input pins that receive an external 12V voltage for the embedded driver logic operation. VCC5 is a power output pin which is the output of an internal 5V LDO regulator. The 5V LDO regulator regulates VCC12A to generate a 5V voltage source for internal gate logic and external circuit biasing, e.g., OCP biasing. Since the VCC5 voltage is regulated, the variation of VCC5 (2%) will be much smaller than Platform ATX + 5V (5% to 7%). The maximum supply current of VCC5 is 10mA, which is designed only for controller circuit biasing. The recommended configuration of the RT8869A supply voltages is as follows: Platform ATX + 12V to the VCC12A/ VCC12B pins, and decoupling capacitors on the VCC12A/ VCC12B and VCC5 pins (minimum 0.1μF). The initialization of the RT8869A requires all the voltage on VCC12A/VCC12B and VCC5 to be ready. Since VCC5 is regulated internally from VCC12A, the VCC5 voltage will be ready (>4.6V) after VCC12A reaches about 7V, so there is no power sequence problem between VCC12A/VCC12B and VCC5. After VCC5 > 4.6V and VCC12A/VCC12B > 9.6V, the internal power-on-reset (POR) signal goes high. This POR signal indicates the power supply voltages are all ready. When POR = high and EN = high, the RT8869A initiates soft-start sequence. When POR = low, the RT8869A will try to turn off both high side and low side MOSFETs to prevent catastrophic failure. VCC12A/ VCC12B Switching Frequency 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 20 40 60 80 Ω RRT (kΩ) Figure 2. Switching Frequency vs. RRT Resistance Soft-Start The VOUT soft-start slew rate is set by a capacitor from the SS pin to FBRTN. Before power on reset (POR = low), the SS pin is held at GND. After power on reset (POR = high, EN = high) and an extra delay of 1600μs (T1), the controller initiates ramping up. VOUT will always trace VEAP during normal operation of the RT8869A, where VEAP is the positive input of the error amplifier, which can be described as VEAP = VDAC − VDROOP. (The definition of VDROOP will be described later in the Load Line section). The first ramping up duration of VOUT (T2) ramps VOUT to VBOOT. After VOUT ramps to VBOOT, the RT8869A stays in this state for 800μs (T3), waiting for a valid VID code sent by the CPU. After receiving the valid VID code, VOUT continues ramping up or down to the voltage specified by VID code. After VOUT ramps to VEAP = VDAC − VDROOP, the RT8869A stays in this state for 1600μs (T5) and then asserts VR_RDY = high. The ramping slew rate of T2 and T4 is controlled by the external capacitor connected to SS pin. The voltage of the SS pin will always be VEAP+0.7V, where the mentioned 0.7V is the typical turn-on threshold of an internal power switch. Before VR_RDY = high, the slew rate of VEAP is limited to 80μA/CSS. When VR_RDY www.richtek.com 13 RT8869A = high, the slew rate of VEAP is limited to 160μA/CSS, which is 2 times faster than the soft-start slew rate for dynamic VID feature. The soft start waveform is shown in Figure 2. C2 C3 R3 R2 R1 VOUT FB Soft- Start Current (ISS) is Limited and Variant Soft-Start Circuit C1 COMP EA + DAC ISS EAP (Error AMP Positive Input) CSS IX (Output Current Sensed Signal) DAC EAP Figure 3. Circuit for Soft-Start and Voltage Control Loop VCC12 The RT8869A can accept VID input changing while the controller is running. This allows the output voltage (VOUT) to change while the DC/DC converter is running and supplying current to the load. This is commonly referred to as VID On-The-Fly (OTF). A VID OTF can occur under either light or heavy load conditions. The CPU changes the VID inputs in multiple steps from the start code to the finish code. This change can be positive or negative. Theoretically, VOUT should follow VDAC which is a staircase waveform, but in real application, the bandwidth of the converter is finite while the staircase waveform needs infinite bandwidth to follow. Thus, undesired VOUT overshoot (when VDAC changes up) or undershoot (when VDAC changes down) is often observed in this type of design. However, for the RT8869A, as mentioned before in the soft-start section, VDAC slew rate is limited by ISS2/CSS RDROOP VCC5 Dynamic VID 4.6V 9.6V VEN when VR_RDY = high. This slew rate limiter works as a low-pass filter of VDAC and makes the bandwidth of VDAC waveform finite. By smoothening the VDAC staircase waveform, VOUT will no longer overshoot or undershoot. On the other hand, CSS will increase the settling time of VOUT during VID OTF. In most cases, a 5nF to 30nF ceramic capacitor will be suitable for CSS. SS VOUT VBOOT VR_RDY T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Figure 4. Soft-Start Waveforms T1 is the delay time from power on reset state to the beginning of VOUT rising. T2 is the soft-start time from VOUT = 0 to VOUT = VBOOT. T3 is the dwelling time for VOUT = VBOOT. T4 is the soft-start time form VOUT = VBOOT to VOUT = VDAC. T5 is the VR_RDY delay time. T1 = 1600μs + 0.7V x CSS /80μA. T2 = VBOOT x CSS/80μA. T3 ≈ 800μs. T4 ≈ |VDAC − VBOOT| x CSS/80μA. T5 ≈ 1600μs. www.richtek.com 14 Output Voltage Differential Sensing The RT8869A uses a high gain low offset error amplifier for differential sensing. The CPU voltage is sensed between the FB and FBRTN pins. A resistor (RFB) connects FB pin with the positive remote sense pin of the CPU (VCC_SNS), while the FBRTN pin connects directly to the negative remote sense pin of the CPU (VSS_SNS). The error amplifier compares VEAP (= VDAC − VDROOP) with the VFB to regulate the output voltage. Transient Boost In steady state, the voltage of VOUT is controlled to be very close to VEAP, however a load step transient from light load to heavy load could cause VOUT to be lower than VEAP by several tens of mV. In conventional buck converter design (without non-linear control) for CPU VR application, due to limited control bandwidth, it is hard for the VR to prevent VOUT undershoot during quick load transient from light load to heavy load. Hence, the RT8869A builds in a DS8869A-00 May 2011 RT8869A state-of-the-art transient boost function which detects load transient by monitoring VOUT. If VOUT suddenly DROOPs below “VTB” the transient boost signal rises up and the RT8869A turns on all high side MOSFETs and turns off all low side MOSFETs. The voltage difference “VOUT − VTB” is set by following equation : IX = IOUT × DCR N × RCSN Figure 6 is the current sense circuit. PH1 PH2 VOUT − VTB = 10μA x RTB. Sensitivity of the transient boost can be adjusted by varying the values of CFB and RFB. Smaller RFB and/or larger CFB will make transient boost easier to be triggered. Figure 5 shows the circuit and typical waveforms. VOUT VOUT RTB - TB Transient Boost + L DCR L DCR RS CS IOUT VCORE COUT RL RS RX (Current Sense Amplifier) CSA + Load Line Adjustment NTC CSP CSN IX RCSN Figure 6. Circuit for Current Sensing CTB 10µA Figure 5. (a) Transient Boost Circuit IOUT VOUT Transient Boost Figure 5. (b) Typical Waveforms Output Current Sensing The RT8869A provides a low input offset current-sense amplifier (CSA) to monitor the output current. The output current of CSA (IX) is used for load line control, dynamic phase control and over current protection. In this average inductor current sensing topology, RS and CS must be set according to the equation below : Requ = R X //RNTC L = RS × CS DCR R N+ S Requ Where the constant N is a set maximum operation phase number, not affected by the dynamic phase control machine. Then, the output current of CSA will follow the equation below : DS8869A-00 May 2011 Load Line The RT8869A utilizes inductor DCR current sense technique for load line control function. The sensed output current is proportionally mirrored from the IX signal to the RDROOP resistor to establish the voltage of VDROOP. VDROOP subtracted from VDAC generates VEAP. The voltage control loop is shown in Figure 3. Because IX is a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) current, an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) resistor is needed to connect in parallel with the capacitor CS. If the NTC resistor is properly selected to compensate the temperature coefficient of IX, the VDROOP voltage will be proportional to IOUT without temperature effect. In the RT8869A, the positive input of error amplifier is VEAP and VOUT will follow “VDAC − VDROOP”. Thus, the output voltage which decreases linearly with IOUT is obtained. The load line is defined as : LL(Load Line) = ΔVOUT ΔVDROOP DCR × RDROOP × 4 = = ΔIOUT ΔIOUT N × RCSN Basically, the resistance of RDROOP sets the resistance of the load line. The temperature coefficient of RDROOP compensates the temperature effect of the load line. Connecting VRSET pin to GND can enable load line adjustment function. Meanwhile, the current IX is decreased by 10mV/RCSN, and the minimum output current sensing range is also reduced by 10mV/RCSN. www.richtek.com 15 RT8869A Current Balance Table 2. Dynamic Phase Control The RT8869A sensed per phase current signal ISENx via the voltages on the low side MOSFETs switch on resistance (RDS(ON)) for current balance as shown in Figure 7, in which ISENx is defined as : I × RDSON + VDC ISENx = PHASEx RSENx Where VDC is the offset voltage for the current balance circuit. In Figure 7, the phase current sense signals ISENx are used to raise or lower the internal sawtooth waveforms (RAMP [1] and RAMP [2]) which are compared with error amplifier output (COMP) to generate a PWM signal. The raised sawtooth waveform will decrease the PWM duty of the corresponding phase current and the lowered sawtooth waveform will increase the PWM duty of the corresponding phase current. Eventually, current flowing through each phase will be balanced. Current Balance ISEN1 RSEN1 ISEN2 RSEN2 < VPS1 1 Forced 1 Forced 2 2 After setting the voltage at the PS1 pin, the RT8869A will continuously compare VIMAX and VPS1 after POR. Once the VIMAX enters each voltage state mentioned in Table 2, the RT8869A will automatically change its operation phase number. See Table 2 for the dynamic phase control mechanism. For Example, if VPS1 = 0.3V, the RT8869A will operate in 2 phase operation when VIMAX = 0.9V, and 1 phase operation when VIMAX = 0.1V. There are two states mentioned in Table 2 that the RT8869A will be forced not to change its operating phase number, and the VIMAX voltage is meaningless for dynamic phase control circuit under these conditions. Over Current Protection (OCP) PH2 Dynamic Phase Control Capability The RT8869A has the ability to automatically control its phase number according to the total load current. Connect a resistor to ground at PS1 pin to set the 1-2 phase transition threshold, VPS1. The voltage at IMAX pin (VIMAX) represents total current information, and the RT8869A will compare VIMAX with VPS1 to determine the number of operating phases. Figure 8 shows the typical connections of PS1 pin for setting the dynamic phase control thresholds. 10µA - VIMAX Phase Number PH1 Figure 7. Circuit for Current Balance PS1 VIMAX VPS1 > 1.6V VIMAX = Don’t Care 0.8V < VPS1 < 1.6V VIMAX = Don’t Care > VPS1 + Dynamic Phase Control When VIMAX is higher than 1.2V, the over current protection is triggered with 100μs delay to prevent false trigger, and the short circuit OCP level is designed at 1.6V with 10μs delay. The controller will turn off all high side / low side MOSFETs to protect CPU. Note that, the OCP level does not change according to different operating phase numbers. Over Voltage Protection (OVP) The over voltage protection monitors the output voltage via the FB pin. Once VFB exceeds “VEAP + 390mV”, OVP is triggered and latched. The RT8869A will turn on low side MOSFET and turn off high side MOSFET to protect CPU. Under Voltage Protection (UVP) The under-voltage protection monitors the output voltage via the FB pin. Once VFB is lower than “VEAP − 300mV”, UVP is triggered and latched. The RT8869A will turn off all high side / low side MOSFETs to protect CPU. Figure 8. Circuit for Dynamic Phase Control and VR Shutdown www.richtek.com 16 DS8869A-00 May 2011 RT8869A Loop Compensation The RT8869A is a voltage mode controller and requires external compensation. To compensate a typical voltage mode buck converter, there are two ordinary compensation schemes, commonly known as type-II compensator and type-III compensator. The choice of using type-II or typeIII compensator lies with the platform designers, and the main concern deals with the position of the capacitor ESR zero and mid-frequency to high frequency gain boost. Typically, the ESR zero of output capacitor will tend to stabilize the effect of output LC double poles. Hence, the position of the output capacitor ESR zero in frequency domain may influence the design of voltage loop compensation. Figure 9 shows a typical control loop using type-III compensator. Below is the compensator design procedure. VIN OSC The ESR zero is contributed by the ESR associated with the output capacitance. Note that this requires the output capacitor to have enough ESR to satisfy stability requirements. The ESR zero of the output capacitor is expressed as the following equation : 1 fESR = 2π × COUT × ESR Driver fZ1 fZ2 L - VOUT fP2 fP3 Modulator Gain Compensation Gain Closed Loop Gain Gain PWM Comparator ΔVOSC amplifier output). This transfer function is dominated by a DC gain, a double pole, and an ESR zero as shown in Figure 10. The DC gain of the modulator is the input voltage (VIN) divided by the peak-to-peak oscillator voltage VOSC. The output LC filter introduces a double pole, 40dB/ decade gain slope above its corner resonant frequency, and a total phase lag of 180 degrees. The resonant frequency of the LC filter is expressed as: 1 fLC = 2π × LOUT × COUT Driver + COUT ESR ZFB COMP 0 ZIN EA + ZFB C2 C1 C3 R2 VOUT LOG fLC R3 fESR fC Frequency Figure 10. Bode Plot of Loop Gain R1 COMP EA + ZIN LOG REF FB 2) Design of the Compensator REF Figure 9. Compensation Circuit 1) Modulator Characteristic The modulator consists of the PWM comparator and power stage. The PWM comparator compares the error amplifier output (COMP) with oscillator (OSC) sawtooth wave to provide a pulse-width modulated (PWM) gate-driving signal. The PWM wave is smoothed out by the output filter, LOUT and COUT. The output voltage (VOUT) is sensed and fed to the inverting input of the error amplifier. The modulator transfer function is the small-signal transfer function of VOUT/VCOMP (output voltage over the error DS8869A-00 May 2011 A well-designed compensator regulates the output voltage to the reference voltage VREF with fast transient response and good stability. In order to achieve fast transient response and accurate output regulation, an adequate compensator design is necessary. The goal of the compensation network is to provide adequate phase margin (usually greater than 45°) and the highest bandwidth (0dB crossing frequency, f C ) possible. It is also recommended to manipulate the loop frequency response such that its gain crosses over 0dB at a slope of −20dB/ dec. According to Figure 10, the location of poles and zeros are : fZ1 = 1 2π × R2 × C1 www.richtek.com 17 RT8869A For a given bandwidth, R2, fZ1, fZ2, fP2, fP3, then 1 C1 = 2π × R2 × fZ1 GMOD@BW C3 = 2π × fC × R2 1 R1 = 2π × fZ2 × C3 1 R3 = 2π × fP2 × C3 1 C2 = 2π × fP3 × C1× R2 − 1 Thermal Monitoring (VR_HOT&VR_SHDN) The RT8869A provides thermal monitoring function via sensing the TM pin voltage, and which can set 2 thresholds to indicate ambient temperatures through the voltage divider R1 and RNTC. The voltage of TM is typically set to be higher than 0.5 x VCC5 when ambient temperature is lower than VR_HOT & VR_SHDN assertion target. However, when ambient temperature rises, TM voltage will fall, and the VR_HOT signal will be set to high if TM voltage DROOPs below 0.43 x VCC5. Furthermore, if the temperature continues to rise and the TM voltage is lower than 0.32 x VCC5, the controller will shutdown and pull the VR_SHDN signal to low. Accordingly, VR_HOT will be reset when TM voltage rises above 0.5 x VCC5, but the controller will not reboot once thermal shutdown occurs. maximum power dissipation can be calculated by the following formula : PD(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) − TA) / θJA where TJ(MAX) is the maximum junction temperature, TA is the ambient temperature, and θJA is the junction to ambient thermal resistance. For recommended operating condition specifications of the RT8869A, the maximum junction temperature is 125°C and TA is the ambient temperature. The junction to ambient thermal resistance, θJA, is layout dependent. For WQFN40L 5x5 packages, the thermal resistance, θJA, is 36°C/ W on a standard JEDEC 51-7 four-layer thermal test board. The maximum power dissipation at TA = 25°C can be calculated by the following formula : PD(MAX) = (125°C − 25°C) / (36°C/W) = 2.778W for WQFN-40L 5x5 package The maximum power dissipation depends on the operating ambient temperature for fixed T J(MAX) and thermal resistance, θJA. For the RT8869A package, the derating curve in Figure 11 allows the designer to see the effect of rising ambient temperature on the maximum power dissipation. 3.2 Maximum Power Dissipation (W)1 1 2π × R2 × C1 fP1 = 0 1 fP2 = 2π × C3 × R3 1 fP3 = C1 × C2 × R2 2π × C1+ C2 Generally, fZ1 and fZ2 are designed to cancel the double pole of the modulator. Usually, place fZ1 at a fraction of fLC, and place fZ2 at fLC. fP2 is usually placed at fESR to cancel the ESR zero, and fP3 is placed below the switching frequency to cancel high frequency noise. fZ2 = Four-Layer PCB 2.8 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0 0 25 50 75 100 125 Ambient Temperature (°C) Figure 11. Derating Curve for RT8869A Package Thermal Considerations For continuous operation, do not exceed absolute maximum junction temperature. The maximum power dissipation depends on the thermal resistance of the IC package, PCB layout, rate of surrounding airflow, and difference between junction and ambient temperature. The www.richtek.com 18 DS8869A-00 May 2011 RT8869A Outline Dimension D SEE DETAIL A D2 L 1 E2 E e b 1 1 2 2 DETAIL A Pin #1 ID and Tie Bar Mark Options A A3 Note : The configuration of the Pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. A1 Dimensions In Millimeters Dimensions In Inches Symbol Min Max Min Max A 0.700 0.800 0.028 0.031 A1 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.002 A3 0.175 0.250 0.007 0.010 b 0.150 0.250 0.006 0.010 D 4.950 5.050 0.195 0.199 D2 3.250 3.500 0.128 0.138 E 4.950 5.050 0.195 0.199 E2 3.250 3.500 0.128 0.138 e L 0.400 0.350 0.016 0.450 0.014 0.018 W-Type 40L QFN 5x5 Package Richtek Technology Corporation Richtek Technology Corporation Headquarter Taipei Office (Marketing) 5F, No. 20, Taiyuen Street, Chupei City 5F, No. 95, Minchiuan Road, Hsintien City Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Taipei County, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: (8863)5526789 Fax: (8863)5526611 Tel: (8862)86672399 Fax: (8862)86672377 Email: [email protected] Information that is provided by Richtek Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. Richtek reserves the right to make any change in circuit design, specification or other related things if necessary without notice at any time. No third party intellectual property infringement of the applications should be guaranteed by users when integrating Richtek products into any application. No legal responsibility for any said applications is assumed by Richtek. DS8869A-00 May 2011 www.richtek.com 19