TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 Fixed Frequency, 99% Duty Cycle Peak Current Mode Notebook System Power Controller FEATURES 1 • Input Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 32 V • Output Voltage Range: 1 V to 12 V • Selectable Light Load Operation (Continuous / Auto Skip / Out-Of-Audio™ Skip) • Programmable Droop Compensation • Voltage Servo Adjustable Soft Start • 200-kHz to 1-MHz Fixed-Frequency PWM • Current Mode Architecture • 180° Phase Shift Between Channels • Resistor or Inductor DCR Current Sensing • Current Monitor Output for Each Channel • Adaptive Zero Crossing Circuit • Powergood Output for Each Channel • OCL/OVP/UVP/UVLO Protections • Thermal Shutdown (Non-Latch) • Output Discharge Function • Integrated Boot Strap MOSFET Switch • QFN-32 (RTV) Package APPLICATIONS 2 • • Notebook Computer System and I/O Bus Point of Load in LCD TV, MFP DESCRIPTION The TPS51222 is a dual synchronous buck regulator controller with two LDOs. It is optimized for 5-V/3.3-V system controller, enabling designers to cost effectively complete 2-cell to 4-cell notebook system power supply. The TPS51222 supports high efficiency, fast transient response, and 99% duty cycle operation. It supports supply input voltage ranging from 4.5 V to 32 V, and output voltages from 1 V to 12 V. Peak current mode supports stability operation with lower ESR capacitor and output accuracy. The high duty cycle (99%) operation and the wide input/output voltage range supports flexible design for small mobile PCs and a wide variety of other applications. The fixed frequency can be adjusted from 200 kHz to 1 MHz by a resistor, and each channel runs 180° out-of-phase. The TPS51222 can also synchronize to the external clock, and the interleaving ratio can be adjusted by its duty. The TPS51222 is available in the 32-pin 5 × 5 QFN package and is specified from –40°C to 85°C. VBAT 26 25 SW2 RF 27 VBST 3 28 DRVL2 V5SW 29 GND DRVH1 2 30 DRVL1 1 31 VREG5 VO1 32 SW1 VO1 5V VBST1 VBAT VREG5 5 V/ 100 mA VO2 3.3 V DRVH2 24 VIN 23 VBAT VREG3 3.3 V/ 10 mA VREG3 22 EN1 4 EN1 PGOOD1 5 PGOOD1 PGOOD2 20 EN2 21 EN2 PGOOD2 SKIPSEL1 6 SKIPSEL1 SKIPSEL2 19 SKIPSEL2 7 CSP1 8 CSN1 TPS51222RTV EN IMON1 VO1 VFB1 COMP1 IMON1 EN VREF2 IMON2 COMP2 VFB2 CSP2 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 CSN2 17 IMON2 VO2 UDG-09009 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Out-Of-Audio, PowerPAD are trademarks of Texas Instruments. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM VIN EN V5SW 4.7V/ 4.5V + + EN1 OK 1.25V + + 4.7V/ 4.5V V5SW OK VREG5 VREG3 GND + V5OK 4.2V/ 3.8V GND Ready + THOK 150/ 140 Deg-C VREF2 1.25V GND GND CLK2 OSC RF CLK1 GND 1V +5%/ 10% + PGOOD1 Delay + 1V - 5%/ 10% + 1V -30% GND CLK1 UVP + Ready OVP Fault2 SDN2 1V +15% Fault1 Clamp (+) COMP1 Ramp Comp Clamp (-) SDN1 + + PWM VFB1 EN1 IMON1 VREG5 1V + Enable/ Soft-start + Filter VREF2 VBST1 Amp. Ramp Comp + Skip Control Logic DRVH1 CS-AMP CSN1 CSP1 VFB-AMP SW1 + OCP + XCON VREG5 100mV DRVL1 AZC Discharge Control GND GND 100mV VREF2 N-OCP + GND OOA Ctrl GND SKIPSEL1 Channel-1 Switcher shown 2 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) TPS51222 VIN VBST1, VBST2 VBST1, VBST2 Input voltage range –0.3 to 39 (3) –0.3 to 7 SW1, SW2 (2) Output voltage range (2) UNIT –0.3 to 34 –5 to 34 CSN1, CSN2, CSP1, CSP2 –1 to 13.5 EN, EN1, EN2, SKIPSEL1, SKIPSEL2, VFB1, VFB2 –0.3 to 7 V5SW –1 to 7 V5SW (to VREG5) (4) –7 to 7 V DRVH1, DRVH2 –5 to 39 V DRVH1, DRVH2 (3) –0.3 to 7 V COMP1, COMP2, DRVL1, DRVL2, IMON1, IMON2, PGOOD1, PGOOD2, RF, VREF2, VREG5 –0.3 to 7 V –0.3 to 3.6 V TJ Junction temperature VREG3 150 °C Tstg Storage temperature –55 to 150 °C (1) (2) (3) (4) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage values are with respect to the network ground terminal unless otherwise noted. Voltage values are with respect to the corresponding SW terminal. When EN is high and V5SW is grounded, or voltage is applied to V5SW when EN is low. DISSIPATION RATINGS (2 oz. Trace and Copper Pad with Solder) PACKAGE TA < 25°C POWER RATING DERATING FACTOR ABOVE TA = 25°C TA = 85°C POWER RATING 32-pin RTV 1.7 W 17 mW/°C 0.7 W RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS MIN Supply voltage I/O voltage TA VIN TYP MAX 4.5 32 V5SW –0.8 6 VBST1, VBST2 –0.1 37 DRVH1, DRVH2 –4.0 37 DRVH1, DRVH2 (wrt SW1, 2) –0.1 6 SW1, SW2 –4.0 32 CSP1, CSP2, CSN1, CSN2 –0.8 13 COMP1, COMP2, DRVL1, DRVL2, EN, EN1, EN2, IMON1, IMON2, PGOOD1, PGOOD2, RF, SKIPSEL1, SKIPSEL2, VFB1, VFB2, VREF2, VREG5 –0.1 6 VREG3 –0.1 3.5 –40 85 Operating free-air temperature UNIT V V °C ORDERING INFORMATION TA PACKAGE (1) ORDERABLE PART NUMBER TRANSPORT MEDIA QUANTITY ECO PLAN -40°C to 85°C Plastic Quad Flat Pack (32-Pin QFN) TPS51222RTVT Tape and Reel 250 TPS51222RTVR Tape and Reel 3000 Green (RoHS and no Sb/Br) (1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI website at www.ti.com. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 3 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS over operating free-air temperature range, EN = 3.3V, VIN = 12V, V5SW = 5V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 7 15 µA 80 120 µA SUPPLY CURRENT I(VINSDN) VIN shutdown current VIN shutdown current, TA = 25°C, No Load, EN = 0V, V5SW = 0 V I(VINSTBY) VIN Standby Current VIN standby current, TA = 25°C, No Load, EN1 = EN2 = V5SW = 0 V I(VBATSTBY) Vbat Standby Current Vbat standby current, TA = 25°C, No Load SKIPSEL2 = 2V, EN2 = open, EN1 = V5SW = 0V (1) 500 µA I(V5SW) V5SW Supply Current V5SW current, TA = 25°C, No Load, ENx = 5V, VFBx = 1.05 V 0.8 mA VREF2 OUTPUT V(VREF2) VREF2 Output Voltage I(VREF2) < ±10 µA, TA = 25°C 1.98 2.00 2.02 I(VREF2) < ±100 µA, 4.5V < VIN < 32 V 1.97 2.00 2.03 V VREG3 OUTPUT V5SW = 0 V, I(VREG3) = 0 mA, TA = 25°C 3.279 3.313 3.347 V(VREG3) VREG3 Output Voltage V5SW = 0 V, 0 mA < I(VREG3) < 10 mA, 5.5 V < VIN < 32 V 3.135 3.300 3.400 I(VREG3) VREG3 Output Current VREG3 = 3 V 10 15 20 V5SW = 0 V, I(VREG5) = 0 mA, TA = 25°C 4.99 5.04 5.09 V5SW = 0 V, 0 mA < I(VREG5) < 100 mA, 6 V < VIN < 32 V 4.90 5.03 5.15 V5SW = 0 V, 0 mA < I(VREG5) < 100 mA, 5.5 V < VIN < 32 V 4.50 5.03 5.15 V5SW = 0 V, VREG5 = 4.5 V 100 150 200 V5SW = 5 V, VREG5 = 4.5 V 200 300 400 Turning on 4.55 4.7 4.8 Hysteresis 0.15 0.20 0.25 V mA VREG5 OUTPUT V(VREG5) VREG5 Output Voltage V V I(VREG5) VREG5 Output Current mA V(THV5SW) Switchover Threshold td(V5SW) Switchover Delay Turning on 7.7 ms R(V5SW) 5V SW Ron I(VREG5) = 100 mA 0.5 Ω V(VFB) VFB Regulation Voltage Tolerance TA = 25°C, No Load I(VFB) VFB Input Current VFBx = 1.05 V, COMPx = 1.8 V, TA = 25°C R(Dischg) CSNx Discharge Resistance ENx = 0 V, CSNx = 0.5 V, TA = 25°C V OUTPUT TA = –40°C to 85°C , No Load 0.9925 1.000 1.0075 0.990 1.000 1.010 –50 20 V 50 nA 40 Ω VOLTAGE TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER Gmv Gain VID Differential Input Voltage Range I(COMPSINK) COMP Maximum Sink Current COMPx = 1.8 V I(COMPSRC) COMP Maximum Source Current COMPx = 1.8 V VCOMP COMP Clamp Voltage VCOMPN COMP Negative Clamp Voltage (1) 4 TA = 25°C µS 500 –30 30 mV TA = 0 to 85°C 27 33 µA TA = –40 to 85°C 22 33 µA –33 –43 µA 2.18 2.22 2.26 V 1.73 1.77 1.81 V Specified by design. Detail external condition follows application circuit of Figure 52. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) over operating free-air temperature range, EN = 3.3V, VIN = 12V, V5SW = 5V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT CURRENT AMPLIFIER GC Gain VIC Common mode Input Voltage Range VID Differential Input Voltage Range CSNx = 5V, TA = 25°C (2) 1.667 TA = 25°C 0 13 V –75 75 mV POWERGOOD PG in from lower 92.5% 95% 97.5% PG in from higher 102.5% 105% 107.5% V(THPG) PG threshold I(PG) PG sink Current PGOOD = 0.5 V t(PGDLY) PGOOD Delay Delay for PG in t(SSDYL) Soft Start Delay Delay for Soft Start, ENx = Hi to SS-ramp starts 200 µs t(SS) Soft Start Time Internal Soft Start 960 µs PG hysteresis 5% 5 0.8 1 mA 1.2 ms SOFTSTART FREQUENCY AND DUTY CONTROL f(SW) Switching Frequency V(THRF) RF Threshold f(SYNC) Sync Input Frequency Range (2) tONmin Minimum On Time tOFFmin Minimum Off Time Rf = 330 kΩ 273 303 333 Lo to Hi 0.7 1.3 2 Hysteresis 0.2 200 kHz V V 1000 kHz V(DRVH) = 90% to 10%, No Load, CCM/ OOA (2) 120 V(DRVH) = 90% to 10%, No Load, Auto-skip 160 250 ns V(DRVH) = 10% to 90%, No Load 290 400 ns ns DRVH-off to DRVL-on 10 30 50 ns DRVL-off to DRVH-on 30 40 70 ns tD Dead time V(DTH) DRVH-off threshold DRVH to GND V(DTL) DRVL-off threshold DRVL to GND (2) (2) 1 V 1 V CURRENT SENSE 2 V< VCSNx < 12.6 V V(OCL) Current limit threshold 0.95 V < VCSNx < 12.6 V VZCAJ Auto-Zero cross adjustable offset range 0.95 V < VCSNx < 12.6 V, Auto-skip V(ZC) Zero cross detection comparator Offset 0.95 V < VCSNx < 12.6 V, OOA V(OCLN-LV) Negative current limit threshold 0.95 V < VCSNx < 12.6 V (2) TA = 0 to 85°C 56 60 65 TA = –40 to 85°C 55 60 68 TA = 0 to 85°C 55 60 67 TA = –40 to 85°C 54 60 72 Positive 5 Negative –5 mV mV –4 0 4 TA = 0 to 85°C –50 –60 –73 TA = –40 to 85°C –49 –60 –77 mV Specified by design. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 5 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) over operating free-air temperature range, EN = 3.3V, VIN = 12V, V5SW = 5V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 1.7 5 1 3 Source, V(VREG5-DRVL) = 0.1 V 1.3 4 Sink, V(DRVL-GND) = 0.1 V 0.7 2 UNIT OUTPUT DRIVERS R(DRVH) DRVH resistance R(DRVL) DRVL resistance Source, V(VBST-DRVH) = 0.1 V Sink, V(DRVH-SW) = 0.1 V Ω Ω CURRENT MONITOR GIMON Current monitor gain 50 VIMON Current monitor output VCSPx–VCSNx = 60 mV, 0.95 V < VCSNx < 12.6 V, TA = 25°C VIMON-OFF Current monitor output offset VCSPx–VCSNx = 0 mV, 0.95 V < VCSNx < 12.6 V, TA = 25°C 2.75 –200 3.00 3.25 V 200 mV UVP, OVP AND UVLO V(OVP) OVP Trip Threshold t(OVPDLY) OVP Prop Delay V(UVP) UVP Trip Threshold t(UVPDLY) UVP Delay V(UVREF2) VREF2 UVLO Threshold V(UVREG3) VREG3 UVLO Threshold V(UVREG5) VREG5 UVLO Threshold OVP detect 110% 115% 120% µs 1.5 UVP detect 65% 70% 73% 0.8 1 1.2 Wake up 1.7 1.8 1.9 V Hysteresis 75 100 125 mV Wake up Hysteresis Wake up Hysteresis 3 3.1 3.2 0.10 0.15 0.20 ms V 4.1 4.2 4.3 V 0.35 0.40 0.44 V INTERFACE AND LOGIC THRESHOLD V(EN) EN Threshold V(EN12) EN1/EN2 Threshold V(EN12SS) EN1/EN2 SS Start Threshold Wake up 0.8 1 1.2 Hysteresis 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.1 0.2 0.3 Wake up Hysteresis SS-ramp start threshold at external soft start V(EN12SSEND) EN1/EN2 SS End Threshold SS-End threshold at external soft start I(EN12) EN1/EN2 Source Current VEN1/EN2 = 0V 1 (3) 2 Continuous V(SKIPSEL) SKIPSEL1/SKIPSEL2 Setting Voltage SKIPSEL Input Current V 2.4 µA 1.5 Auto Skip 1.9 2.1 OOA Skip (min 1/8 Fsw) 3.2 3.4 OOA Skip (min 1/16 Fsw) I(SKIPSEL) V V 2 1.6 V V 3.8 SKIPSELx = 0 V –0.5 0.5 SKIPSELx = 5 V –0.5 0.5 µA BOOT STRAP SW V(FBST) Forward Voltage VVREG5-VBST, IF = 10 mA, TA = 25°C 0.10 0.20 V I(BSTLK) VBST Leakage Current VVBST = 37 V, VSW = 32 V 0.01 1.5 µA Shutdown temperature (3) 150 THERMAL SHUTDOWN T(SDN) (3) 6 Thermal SDN Threshold Hysteresis (3) 10 °C Specified by design. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 DEVICE INFORMATION PINOUT VBST2 SW2 25 GND DRVL2 27 26 30 DRVH2 VIN 5 6 20 19 7 8 18 17 PGOOD2 SKIPSEL2 CSP2 CSN2 3 4 VFB1 COMP1 IMON1 VREG3 EN2 15 16 TPS51122 9 10 CSN1 24 23 22 21 VREF2 IMON2 COMP2 VFB2 SKIPSEL1 CSP1 1 2 11 12 13 14 V5SW RF EN1 PGOOD1 EN DRVH1 29 28 32 31 SW1 VBST1 DRVL1 VREG5 RTV PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) PIN FUNCTIONS PIN NAME NO. COMP1 10 COMP2 15 CSN1 8 CSN2 17 CSP1 7 CSP2 18 DRVH1 1 DRVH2 24 DRVL1 30 DRVL2 27 EN 12 EN1 4 EN2 21 GND 28 IMON1 11 IMON2 14 PGOOD1 5 PGOOD2 20 RF 3 I/O DESCRIPTION I Loop compensation pin for current mode (error amplifier output). Connect R (and C if required) from this pin to VREF2 for proper loop compensation with current mode operation. I Current sense comparator inputs (–). See the current sensing scheme section. Used as power supply for the current sense circuit for 5 V or higher output voltage setting. Also, used for output discharge terminal. I/O Current sense comparator inputs (+). An RC network with high quality X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor should be used to extract voltage drop across DCR. 0.1-µF is a good value to start the design. See the current sensing scheme section for more details. O High-side MOSFET gate driver outputs. Source 1.7 Ω, sink 1.0 Ω, SW-node referenced floating driver. Drive voltage corresponds to VBST to SW voltage. O Low-side MOSFET gate driver outputs. Source 1.3 Ω, sink 0.7 Ω, and GND referenced driver. I VREF2 and VREG5 linear regulators enable pin. When turning on, apply greater than 1.2 V and less than 6 V. Connect to GND to disable. I Channel 1 and channel 2 SMPS Enable Pins. When turning on, apply greater than 0.55 V and less than 6 V. Connect to GND to disable. Adjustable soft-start capacitance to be attached here. – Ground O Current monitor outputs for channel 1 and channel 2. Adding an RC filter is recommended. O Powergood window comparator outputs for channel 1 and channel 2. The recommended applied voltage should be less than 6 V, and the recommended pull-up resistance value is from 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ. I/O Frequency setting pin. Connect a frequency setting resistor to (signal) GND. Connect to an external clock for synchronization. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 7 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com PIN FUNCTIONS (continued) PIN NAME NO. SKIPSEL1 6 SKIPSEL2 19 SW2 25 SW1 32 V5SW 2 VBST1 31 VBST2 I/O 26 DESCRIPTION Skip mode selection pin. I I/O GND: Continuous conduction mode VREF2: Auto Skip VREG3: OOA Auto Skip, maximum 7 skips (suitable for fsw < 400kHz) VREG5: OOA Auto Skip, maximum 15 skips (suitable for equal to or greater than 400kHz) High-side MOSFET gate driver returns. I VREG5 switchover power supply input pin. When EN1 is high, PGOOD1 indicates GOOD and V5SW voltage is higher than 4.8 V, switch-over function is enabled. Note: When switch-over is enabled, VREG5 output voltage is approximately equal to the V5SW input voltage. I Supply inputs for high-side N-channel FET driver (boot strap terminal). Connect a capacitor (0.1-µF or greater is recommended) from this pin to respective SW terminal. Additional SB diode from VREG5 to this pin is an optional. I SMPS voltage feedback Inputs. Connect the feedback resistors divider, and should be referred to (signal) GND. VFB1 9 VFB2 16 VIN 23 I Supply input for 5-V and 3.3-V linear regulator. Typically connected to VBAT. VREF2 13 O 2-V reference output. Bypass to (signal) GND with 0.22-µF of ceramic capacitance. VREG3 22 O Always alive 3.3 V, 10 mA low dropout linear regulator output. Bypass to (signal) GND with more than 1-µF ceramic capacitance. Runs from VIN supply or from VREG5 when it is switched over to V5SW input. O 5-V, 100-mA low dropout linear regulator output. Bypass to (power) GND using a 10-µF ceramic capacitor. Runs from VIN supply. Internally connected to VBST and DRVL. Shuts off with EN. Switches over to V5SW when 4.8 V or above is provided. Note: When switch-over (see above V5SW) is enabled, VREG5 output voltage is approximately equal to V5SW input voltage. VREG5 8 29 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS INPUT VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE 15 15 VI = 12 V IVINSDN -– Shutdown Current – mA IVINSDN -– Shutdown Current – mA TA = 25°C 12 9 6 3 10 15 20 25 9 6 3 0 -50 0 5 12 30 100 TJ – Junction Temperature – °C Figure 1. Figure 2. INPUT VOLTAGE STANDBY CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE INPUT VOLTAGE STANDBY CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE 150 150 TA = 25°C IVINSTBY – Standby Current – mA VI = 12 V IVINSTBY – Standby Current – mA 50 VI – Input Voltage – V 150 120 90 60 30 0 -50 0 120 90 60 30 0 0 50 100 150 5 10 15 20 TJ – Junction Temperature – °C VI – Input Voltage – V Figure 3. Figure 4. 25 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 30 9 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) NO LOAD BATTERY CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE NO LOAD BATTERY CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE 1.0 1.0 EN = on EN1 = off EN2 = on 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 VI – Input Voltage – V VI – Input Voltage – V Figure 5. Figure 6. BATTERY CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE VREF2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 1.0 25 2.02 EN = on EN1 = on EN2 = off 0.8 VI = 12 V VVREF2 – VREF2 Output Voltage – V 0.9 IVBAT – Battery Current – mA EN = on EN1 = on EN2 = on 0.9 IVBAT – Battery Current – mA IVBAT – Battery Current – mA 0.9 2.01 0.7 0.6 0.5 2.00 0.4 0.3 1.99 0.2 0.1 0 5 10 15 20 25 1.98 –100 VI – Input Voltage – V 0 50 100 IVREF2 – VREF2 Output Current – mA Figure 7. 10 –50 Figure 8. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VREG3 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT VREG5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 5.10 VVREG5 – 5-V Linear Regulator Output Voltage – V VVREG3 – 3.3-V Linear Regulator Output Voltage – V 3.40 VI = 12 V 5.05 3.35 5.00 3.3 4.95 3.25 4.90 3.20 0 2 4 6 8 0 10 20 40 60 80 100 IREG3 – 3.3-V Linear Regulator Output Current – mA IREG5 – 5-V Linear Regulator Output Current – mA Figure 9. Figure 10. SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE FORWARD VOLTAGE OF BOOST SW vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE 330 VFBST – Forward Voltage Boost Voltage – V 0.25 RRF = 330 kW fSW – Switching Frequency – kHz VI = 12 V 320 0.20 310 0.15 300 0.10 290 0.05 280 270 -50 0 50 100 150 0 -50 0 50 100 TJ – Junction Temperature – °C TJ – Junction Temperature – °C Figure 11. Figure 12. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 150 11 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) OVP/UVP THRESHOLD VOLTAGE vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE VBST LEAKAGE CURRENT vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE 150 1.5 IBSTLK – VBST Leakage Current – mA Voltage Protection Threshold – % OVP UVP 130 110 90 70 50 -50 0 50 100 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 -50 150 0 50 100 150 TJ – Junction Temperature – °C TJ – Junction Temperature – °C Figure 13. Figure 14. CURRENT LIMIT THRESHOLD vs JUNCTION TEMPERATURE 5-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs INPUT VOLTAGE 66 5.2 VCSN (V) 5.1 1 5 12 5.0 64 VO1 – 5-V Output Voltage – V VOCL – Current Limit Threshold – mV 1.2 62 60 58 56 Auto-Skip Mode fSW = 330 kHz 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 IO (A) 4.4 0 4 8 4.3 54 -50 12 0 50 100 150 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 TJ – Junction Temperature – °C VI – Input Voltage – V Figure 15. Figure 16. Submit Documentation Feedback 6.5 7.0 Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 3.3-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs INPUT VOLTAGE 5-V EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 100 3.40 Auto-Skip Auto-Skip Mode fSW = 330 kHz VO2 – 3.3-V Output Voltage – V 80 h – Efficiency – % 3.35 3.30 3.25 IO (A) 5.0 5.5 6.5 6.0 40 0.01 0.1 1 VI – Input Voltage – V IO1 – 5-V Output Current – A Figure 17. Figure 18. 5-V EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 3.3-V EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 10 100 VI = 8 V Auto-Skip 80 90 VI = 12 V VI = 20 V h – Efficiency – % h – Efficiency – % Current Mode VI = 12 V RGV = 18 kW 0 0.001 7.0 100 80 70 0.01 0.1 1 60 CCM OOA 40 VI = 12 V Current Mode RGV = 12 kW 5.0-V SMPS: ON 20 Auto-Skip Current Mode RGV = 18 kW 60 50 0.001 CCM OOA 20 0 4 8 3.20 4.5 60 10 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 IO1 – 5-V Output Current – A IO2 – 3.3-V Output Current – A Figure 19. Figure 20. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 10 13 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 3.3-V EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 5-V SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 400 100 CCM VI = 8 V 350 h – Efficiency – % VI = 12 V fSW – Switching Frequency – kHz 90 VI = 20 V 80 70 60 VI = 12 V Current Mode RGV = 12 kW 5.0-V SMPS: ON 50 40 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 300 250 200 150 100 OOA 50 Auto-Skip 0 0.001 10 0.01 0.1 1 IO2 – 3.3-V Output Current – A IO1 – 5-V Output Current – A Figure 21. Figure 22. 3.3-V SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 5-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 10 5.10 400 CCM 5.08 5.06 300 5.04 250 5.02 200 5.00 OOA 4.98 150 CCM 4.96 100 OOA 4.94 50 VI = 12 V Current Mode RGV = 18 kW 4.92 0 0.001 14 Auto-Skip VO1 – 5.0-V Output Voltage – V fSW – Switching Frequency – kHz 350 Auto-Skip 0.01 0.1 1 4.90 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 IO2 – 3.3-V Output Current – A IO1 – 5-V Output Current – A Figure 23. Figure 24. Submit Documentation Feedback 7 8 Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 3.3-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 5-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 5.10 3.40 3.38 5.08 Auto-Skip and OOA 3.34 5.06 Auto-Skip and OOA VO1 – 5.0-V Output Voltage – V VO2 – 3.3-V Output Voltage – V 3.36 5.04 5.02 3.32 3.30 5.00 CCM 3.28 4.98 3.26 CCM 4.96 3.24 4.94 VI = 12 V Current Mode RGV = 12 kW 3.22 VI = 12 V Current Mode (Non-droop) RGV = 1 kW C = 1.8 nF 4.92 4.90 3.20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IO2 – 3.3-V Output Current – A IO1 – 5-V Output Current – A Figure 25. Figure 26. 3.3-V OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 5.0-V BODE-PLOT – GAIN AND PHASE vs FREQUENCY 80 3.40 8 180 3.38 Auto-Skip and OOA VO2 – 3.3-V Output Voltage – V 3.36 Gain – dB 3.34 3.32 3.30 60 135 40 90 20 45 Gain 0 0 –20 3.28 Phase – ° Phase 45 CCM 3.26 3.24 3.22 –90 –40 VI = 12 V Current Mode (Non-droop) RGV = 9.1 kW C = 1.8 nF –60 VO= 5.0 V VI = 12 V IO = 8 A –80 100 3.20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1k –135 10 k 100 k –180 1M f – Frequency – Hz IO2 – 3.3-V Output Current – A Figure 27. Figure 28. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 15 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 3.3-V BODE-PLOT – GAIN AND PHASE vs FREQUENCY 80 5.0-V SWITCH-OVER WAVEFORMS 180 135 40 90 20 45 Gain 0 VREG5 (100 mV/div) Phase – ° Gain – dB Phase 60 0 –20 VO1 (100 mV/div) 45 –90 –40 VO= 3.3 V VI = 12 V IO = 8 A –60 –80 100 1k –135 10 k 2 ms/div –180 1M 100 k f – Frequency – Hz Figure 29. Figure 30. CURRENT MONITOR VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 3.0 VIMONx – Output Voltage – V 2.5 2.0 VIMON1 1.5 1.0 VIMON2 0.5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 IOUTx – Output Current – A Figure 31. 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 5.0-V START-UP WAVEFORMS 3.3-V START-UP WAVEFORMS EN2 (5V/div) EN1 (5V/div) Vout1 (2V/div) Vout2 (2V/div) PGOOD2 (5V/div) 1msec/div PGOOD1 (5V/div) 1msec/div Figure 32. Figure 33. 5.0-V SOFT-STOP WAVEFORMS 3.3-V SOFT-STOP WAVEFORMS EN2 (5V/div) EN1 (5V/div) Vout1 (2V/div) Vout2 (2V/div) PGOOD2 (5V/div) PGOOD1 (5V/div) 1msec/div 1msec/div Figure 34. Figure 35. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 17 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 5.0-V LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE 3.3-V LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE VI =12V, Auto-skip VI=12V, Auto-skip VO1 (100mV/div) VO2 (100mV/div) SW1 (10V/div) IO1 (5A/div) 100 100 mms/div s/div SW2 (10V/div) Figure 36. 18 IO2 (5A/div) 100 100 mms/div s/div Figure 37. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 DETAILED DESCRIPTION ENABLE AND SOFT START When EN is Low, the TPS51222 is in the shutdown state. Only the 3.3-V LDO stays alive, and consumes 7 µA (typically). When EN becomes High, the TPS51222 is in the standby state. The 2-V reference and the 5-V LDO become enabled, and consume about 80 µA with no load condition, and are ready to turn on SMPS channels. Each SMPS channel is turned on when ENx becomes High. After ENx is set to high, the TPS51222 begins the softstart sequence, and ramps up the output voltage from zero to the target voltage in 0.96 ms. However, if a slower soft-start is required, an external capacitor can be tied from the ENx pin to GND. In this case, the TPS51222 charges the external capacitor with the integrated 2-µA current source. An approximate external soft-start time would be tEX-SS = CEX / IEN12, which means the time from ENx = 1 V to ENx = 2 V. The recommend capacitance is more than 2.2 nF. 1) Internal Soft-start EN1 Vout1 200ms 960ms EN1<2V EN1>1V 2) External Soft-start EN1 External Soft-start time Vout1 Figure 38. Enable and Soft-start Timing Table 1. Enable Logic States EN EN1 EN2 VREG3 GND Don’t Care Don’t Care ON Hi Lo Lo ON Hi Hi Lo ON Hi Lo Hi Hi Hi Hi VREF2 VREG5 CH1 CH2 Off Off Off Off ON ON Off Off ON ON ON Off ON ON ON Off ON ON ON ON ON ON 3.3-V, 10-mA LDO (VREG3) A 3.3-V, 10-mA, linear regulator is integrated in the TPS51222. This LDO services some of the analog circuit in the device and provides a handy standby supply for 3.3-V Always On voltage in the notebook system. Apply a 2.2-µF (at least 1-µF), high quality X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor from VREG3 to (signal) GND in adjacent to the device. 2-V, 100-µA Sink/Source Reference (VREF2) This voltage is used for the reference of the loop compensation network. Apply a 0.22-µF (at least 0.1-µF), high-quality X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor from VREF2 to (signal) GND in adjacent to the device. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 19 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com 5.0-V, 100-mA LDO (VREG5) A 5.0-V, 100-mA, linear regulator is integrated in the TPS51222. This LDO services the main analog supply rail and provides the current for gate drivers until switch-over function becomes enable. Apply a 10-µF (at least 4.7-µF), high-quality X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor from VREG5 to (power) GND in adjacent to the device. VREG5 SWITCHOVER When EN1 is high, PGOOD1 indicates GOOD and a voltage of more than 4.8 V is applied to V5SW, the internal 5V-LDO is shut off and the VREG5 is shorted to V5SW by an internal MOSFET after an 7.7-ms delay. When the V5SW voltage becomes lower than 4.65 V, EN1 becomes low, or PGOOD1 indicates BAD, the internal switch is turned off, and the internal 5V-LDO resumes immediately. BASIC PWM OPERATIONS The main control loop of the SMPS is designed as a fixed frequency, peak current mode, pulse width modulation (PWM) controller. It achieves stable operation with any type of output capacitors, including low ESR capacitor(s) such as ceramic or specialty polymer capacitors. The current mode scheme uses the output voltage information and the inductor current information to regulate the output voltage. The output voltage information is sensed by VFBx pin. The signal is compared with the internal 1-V reference and the voltage difference is amplified by a transconductance amplifier (VFB-AMP). The inductor current information is sensed by CSPx and CSNx pins. The voltage difference is amplified by another transconductance amplifier (CS-AMP). The output of the VFB-AMP indicates the target peak inductor current. If the output voltage decreases, the TPS51222 increases the target inductor current to raise the output voltage. Alternatively, if the output voltage rises, the TPS51222 decreases the target inductor current to reduce the output voltage. At the beginning of each clock cycle, the high-side MOSFET is turned on, or becomes ‘ON’ state. The high-side MOSFET is turned off, or becomes OFF state, after the inductor current becomes the target value which is determined by the combination value of the output of the VFB-AMP and a ramp compensation signal. The ramp compensation signal is used to prevent sub-harmonic oscillation of the inductor current control loop. The high-side MOSFET is turned on again at the next clock cycle. By repeating the operation in this manner, the controller regulates the output voltage. The synchronous low-side or the rectifying MOSFET is turned on each OFF state to keep the conduction loss minimum. 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 PWM FREQUENCY CONTROL The TPS51222 has a fixed frequency control scheme with 180° phase shift. The switching frequency can be determined by an external resistor which is connected between RF pin and GND, and can be calculated using Equation 1. 1 × 105 fsw éëkHz ùû = RF éëkΩ ùû (1) TPS51222 can also synchronize to more than 2.5 V amplitude external clock by applying the signal to the RF pin. The set timing of channel 1 initiates at the raising edge (1.3 V typ) of the clock and channel 2 initiates at the falling edge (1.1 V typ). Therefore, the 50% duty signal makes both channels 180° phase shift. 1000 900 fSW - Frequency - kHz 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 RF - Resistance - kW Figure 39. Switching Frequency vs RF LIGHT LOAD OPERATION The TPS51222 automatically reduces switching frequency at light load conditions to maintain high efficiency if Auto Skip or Out-of-Audio™ mode is selected by SKIPSELx. This reduction of frequency is achieved by skipping pulses. As the output current decreases from heavy load condition, the inductor current is also reduced and eventually comes to the point that its peak reaches a predetermined current, ILL(PEAK), which indicates the boundary between heavy-load condditions and light-load conditions. Once the top MOSFET is turned on, the TPS51222 does not allow it to be turned off until it reaches ILL(PEAK). This eventually causes an overvoltage condition to the output and pulse skipping. From the next pulse after zero-crossing is detected, ILL(PEAK) is limited by the ramp-down signal ILL(PEAK)RAMP, which starts from 25% of the overcurrent limit setting (IOCL(PEAK): (see the Current Protection section) toward 5% of IOCL(PEAK) over one switching cycle to prevent causing large ripple. The transition load point to the light load operation ILL(DC) can be calculated in Equation 2. I LL(DC) + I LL(PEAK) * 0.5 I IND(RIPPLE) (2) (V - VOUT ) × VOUT 1 IIND(RIPPLE) = × IN L × fSW VIN (3) where • fSW is the PWM switching frequency which is determined by RF resistor setting or external clock Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 21 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com ILL(PEAK)RAMP = (0.2 - 0.13 ´ tON ´ fSW )´ t ´ IOCL(PEAK ) (4) Switching frequency versus output current in the light load condition is a function of L, f, VIN and VOUT, but it decreases almost proportionally to the output current from the ILL(DC), as described in Equation 2; while maintaining the switching synchronization with the clock. Due to the synchronization, the switching waveform in boundary load condition (close to ILL(DC)) appears as a sub-harmonic oscillation; however, it is the intended operation. If SKIPSELx is tied to GND, the TPS51222 works on a constant frequency of fSW regardless its load current. Inductor Current ILL(PEAK) ILL(DC) IIND(RIPPLE) 0 Time ILL(peak) – Inductor Current Limit – A Figure 40. Boundary Between Pulse Skipping and CCM 20% of IOCL ILL(PEAK) Ramp Signal ILL(PEAK) at Light Load 7% of IOCL tON 1/fSW t – Time Figure 41. Inductor Current Limit at Pulse Skipping Table 2. Skip Mode Selection SKIPSELx GND VREF2 VREG3 VREG5 OPERATING MODE Continuous Conduction Auto Skip OOA Skip (maximum 7 skips, for <400 kHz) OOA Skip (maximum 15 skips, for equal to or greater than 400kHz) 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 OUT OF AUDIO SKIP OPERATION Out-Of-Audio™ (OOA) light-load mode is a unique control feature that keeps the switching frequency above acoustic audible frequencies toward virtually no load condition while maintaining state-of-the-art high conversion efficiency. When OOA is selected, the switching frequency is kept higher than audible frequency range in any load condition. The TPS51222 automatically reduced switching frequency at light-load conditions. The OOA control circuit monitors the states of both MOSFETs and forces an ON state if the predetermined number of pulses are skipped. The high-side MOSFET is turned on before the output voltage declines down to the target value, so that eventually an overvoltage condition is caused. The OOA control circuit detects this overvoltage condition and begins modulating the skip-mode on time to keep the output voltage. The TPS51222 supports a wide-switching frequency range, therefore, the OOA skip mode has two selections. See Table 2. When the 300-kHz switching frequency is selected, a maximum of seven (7) skips (SKIPSEL=3.3 V) makes the lowest frequency at 37.5 kHz. If a 15-skip maximum is chosen, it becomes 18.8 kHz, hence the maximum 7 skip is suitable for less than 400 kHz, and the maximum 15 skip is 400 kHz or greater. 99% DUTY CYCLE OPERATION In a low-dropout condition such as 5-V input to 5-V output, the basic control loop attempts to maintain 100% of the high-side MOSFET ON. However, with the N-channel MOSFET used for the top switch, it is not possible to use the 100% on-cycle to charge the boot strap capacitor. TPS51222 detects the 100% ON condition and asserts the OFF state at the appropriate time. HIGH-SIDE DRIVER The high-side driver is designed to drive high current, low RDS(on) N-channel MOSFET(s). The drive capability is represented by its internal resistance, which is 1.7Ω for VBSTx to DRVHx, and 1Ω for DRVHx to SWx. When configured as a floating driver, 5 V of bias voltage is delivered from VREG5 supply. The instantaneous drive current is supplied by the flying capacitor between VBSTx and SWx pins. The average drive current is equal to the gate charge at Vgs = 5V times switching frequency. This gate drive current as well as the low-side gate drive current times 5 V makes the driving power which needs to be dissipated mainly from TPS51222 package. A dead time to prevent shoot through is internally generated between high-side MOSFET off to low-side MOSFET on, and low-side MOSFET off to high-side MOSFET on. LOW-SIDE DRIVER The low-side driver is designed to drive high-current low-RDS(on) N-channel MOSFET(s). The drive capability is represented by its internal resistance, which are 1.3Ω for VREG5 to DRVLx and 0.7Ω for DRVLx to GND. The 5-V bias voltage is delivered from VREG5 supply. The instantaneous drive current is supplied by an input capacitor connected between VREG5 and GND. The average drive current is also calculated by the gate charge at Vgs = 5 V times switching frequency. CURRENT SENSING SCHEME In order to provide both good accuracy and cost effective solution, the TPS51222 supports external resistor sensing and inductor DCR sensing. An RC network with high quality X5R or X7R ceramic capacitor should be used to extract voltage drop across DCR. 0.1µF is a good value to start the design. CSPx and CSNx should be connected to positive and negative terminal of the sensing device respectively. The output signal of the internal current amplifier becomes 100 mV at the OCL setting point. This means that the current sensing amplifier normalize the current information signal based on the OCL setting. Attaching a RC network recommended even with a resistor sensing scheme to get an accurate current sensing; see the External Components Selection session for detailed configurations. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 23 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com ADAPTIVE ZERO CROSSING TPS51222 has an adaptive zero crossing circuit which performs optimization of the zero inductor current detection at skip mode operation. This function pursues ideal low-side MOSFET turning off timing and compensates inherent offset voltage of the ZC comparator and delay time of the ZC detection circuit. It prevents SW-node swing-up caused by too late detection and minimizes diode conduction period caused by too early detection. As a result, better light load efficiency is delivered. CURRENT PROTECTION TPS51222 has cycle-by-cycle overcurrent limiting control. If the inductor current becomes larger than the overcurrent trip level, TPS51222 turns off high-side MOSFET, turns on low-side MOSFET and waits for the next clock cycle. IOCL(PEAK) sets peak level of the inductor current. Thus, the dc load current at overcurrent threshold, IOCL(DC), can be calculated as follows; I OCL(DC) + I OCL(PEAK) * 0.5 I IND(RIPPLE) (5) VOCL I OCL(PEAK) + RSENSE (6) where • • RSENSE is resistance of current sensing device V(OCL) is the overcurrent trip threshold voltage In an overcurrent condition, the current to the load exceeds the current to the output capacitor thus the output voltage tends to fall down, and it ultimately crosses the undervoltage protection threshold and shutdown. POWERGOOD The TPS51222 has powergood output for both switcher channels. The powergood function is activated after softstart has finished. If the output voltage becomes within ±5% of the target value, internal comparators detect power good state and the powergood signal becomes high after 1ms internal delay. If the output voltage goes outside of ±10% of the target value, the powergood signal becomes low after 1.5µs internal delay. Apply voltage should be less than 6V and the recommended pull-up resistance value is from 100kΩ to 1MΩ. OUTPUT DISCHARGE CONTROL The TPS51222 discharges output when ENx is low. The TPS51222 discharges outputs using an internal MOSFET which is connected to CSNx and GND. The current capability of these MOSFETs is limited to discharge the output capacitor slowly. If ENx becomes high during discharge, MOSFETs are turning off, and some output voltage remains. SMPS changes over to soft-start. The PWM initiates after the target voltage overtakes the remaining output voltage. 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 OVERVOLTAGE/UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION TPS51222 monitors the output voltage to detect overvoltage and undervoltage. When the output voltage becomes 15% higher than the target value, the OVP comparator output goes high and the circuit latches as the high-side MOSFET driver OFF and the low-side MOSFET driver ON, and shuts off another channel. When the feedback voltage becomes lower than 70% of the target voltage, the UVP comparator output goes high and an internal UVP delay counter begins counting. After 1 ms, TPS51222 latches OFF both high-side and low-side MOSFETs, and shuts off another channel. This UVP function is enabled after soft-start has completed. The procedure for restarting from these protection states is: 1. toggle EN 2. toggle EN1 and EN2 or 3. once hit UVLO UVLO PROTECTION The TPS51222 has undervoltage lockout protections (UVLO) for VREG5, VREG3 and VREF2. When the voltage is lower than UVLO threshold voltage, TPS51222 shuts off each output as shown inTable 3. This is non-latch protection. Table 3. UVLO Protection CH1/ CH2 VREG5 VREG3 VREF2 VREG5 UVLO Off — On On VREG3 UVLO Off Off — Off VREF2 UVLO Off Off On — THERMAL SHUTDOWN The TPS51222 monitors the device temperature. If the temperature exceeds the threshold value, TPS51222 shuts off both SMPS and 5V-LDO, and decreases the VREG3 current limitation to 5 mA (typically). This is non-latch protection. CURRENT MONITOR TPS51222 monitors the output current as the voltage difference between CSPx and CSNx terminal. The transconductance amplifier (CS-AMP) amplifies this differential voltage by 50 times and sends out from IMONx thermal. Adding RC filter is recommended. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 25 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com APPLICATION INFORMATION EXTERNAL COMPONENTS SELECTION A buck converter using the TPS51222 consists of linear circuits and a switching modulator. Figure 42 shows the basic scheme. Voltage divider VFB Gmv DRVH PWM Control logic & Driver + + R2 VIN Switching Modulator Ramp comp. R1 + + 1.0V Lx Rs DRVL ESR RL Co COMP Cc Rgv Rgc VREF + 2.0V Gmc CSP + CSN Error Amplifier Figure 42. Simplified Current Mode Functional Blocks The external components can be selected by following manner. 1. Determine output voltage dividing resistors (R1 and R2: shown in Figure 42) using the next equation R1 + ǒV OUT * 1.0Ǔ R2 (7) 2. Determine switching frequency. Higher frequency allows smaller output capacitances, however, degrade efficiency due to increase of switching loss. Frequency setting resistor for RF-pin can be calculated by; 5 RF[kW] + 1 10 ƒ sw [kHz] (8) 3. Choose the inductor. The inductance value should be determined to give the ripple current of approximately 25% to 50% of maximum output current. Recommended ripple current rate is about 30% to 40% at the typical input voltage condition, next equation uses 33%. (VIN(TYP) - VOUT ) × VOUT 1 L= × 0.33 x IOUT(MAX) x fSW VIN(TYP) (9) The inductor also needs to have low DCR to achieve good efficiency, as well as enough room above peak inductor current before saturation. 4. Determine the sensing resistor. Determine the sensing resistor using next equation. IOCL(PEAK) should be approximately 1.5 × IOUT(MAX) to 1.7 × IOUT(MAX). VOCL R SENSE + I OCL(PEAK) (10) 5. Determine Rgv. Rgv should be determined from preferable droop compensation value and is given by next equation based on the typical number of Gmv = 500µS. 26 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 Rgv + 0.1 I OUT(MAX) VOUT I OCL(PEAK) Rgv[kW] + 200 I OUT(MAX) I OCL(PEAK) Gmv 1 Vdroop (11) V OUT[V] Vdroop[mV] (12) If no-droop is preferred, attach a series RC network circuit instead of single resistor. Series resistance is determined using Equation 12 . Series capacitance can be arbitrarily chosen to meet the RC time constant, but should be kept under 1/10 of fo. 6. Determine output capacitance Co to achieve a stable operation using the next equation. The 0 dB frequency, fo, should be kept under 1/3 of the switching frequency. Gmv Rgv ƒsw 1 ƒ0 + 5 t p I OCL(PEAK) V 3 Co OUT (13) Co u 15 p 1 VOUT I OCL(PEAK) Gmv Rgv ƒsw (14) 7. Calculate Cc. The purpose of this capacitance is to cancel zero caused by ESR of the output capacitor. If ceramic capacitor(s) is used, there is no need for Cc. If a combination of different capacitors is used, attach a RC network circuit instead of single capacitance to cancel zeros and poles caused by the output capacitors. With single capacitance, Cc is given in Equation 15. Cc + Co ESR Rgv (15) 8. Choose MOSFETs Generally, the on resistance affects efficiency at high load conditions as conduction loss. For a low output voltage application, the duty ratio is not high enough so that the on resistance of high-side MOSFET does not affect efficiency; however, switching speed (tr and tf) affects efficiency as switching loss. As for low-side MOSFET, the switching loss is usually not a main portion of the total loss. RESISTOR CURRENT SENSING For more accurate current sensing with an external resistor, the following technique is recommended. Adding an RC filter to cancel the parasitic inductance of resistor, this filter value is calculated using Equation 16. Cx Rx + Lx Rs (16) This equation means time-constant of Cx and Rx should match the one of Lx (ESL) and Rs. VIN Ex-resistor DRVH Control logic & Driver L Rs Lx(ESL) DRVL Co CSP + Cx Rx CSN Figure 43. External Resistor Current Sensing Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 27 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com INDUCTOR DCR CURRENT SENSING To use inductor DCR as current sensing resistor (Rs), the configuration needs to change as below. However, the equation that must be satisfied is the same as the one for the resistor sensing. VIN Inductor DRVH Control logic & Driver Lx Rs(DCR) DRVL Co Rx CSP + Cx CSN Figure 44. Inductor DCR Current Sensing VIN Inductor DRVH Control logic & Driver Lx Rs(DCR) DRVL Co Rx CSP + Cx Rc CSN Figure 45. Inductor DCR Current Sensing With Voltage Divider TPS51222 has a fixed V(OCL) point (60 mV). In order to adjust for DCR, a voltage divider can be configured a described in Figure 45. For Rx, Rc and Cx can be calculated as shown below, and overcurrent limitation value can be calculated as follows: Cx ´ (Rx P Rc ) = Lx Rs I OCL(PEAK) + VOCL (17) 1 Rs Rx ) Rc Rc (18) Figure 46 shows the compensation technique for the temperature drifts of the inductor DCR value. This scheme assumes the temperature rise at the thermistor (RNTC) is directly proportional to the temperature rise at the inductor. 28 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 Inductor Lx Rx Rs(DCR) RNTC Rc1 Rc2 CO CSP + Cx CSN Figure 46. Inductor DCR Current Sensing With Temperature Compensate LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS Certain points must be considered before starting a PCB layout work using the TPS51222. Placement • Place RC network for CSP1 and CSP2 close to the device pins. • Place bypass capacitors for VREG5, VREG3 and VREF2 close to the device pins. • Place frequency-setting resistor close to the device pin. • Place the compensation circuits for COMP1 and COMP2 close to the device pins. • Place the voltage setting resistors close to the device pins. Routing (sensitive analog portion) • Use separate traces for; see Figure 47 – Output voltage sensing from current sensing (negative-side) – Output voltage sensing from V5SW input (when VOUT = 5V) – Current sensing (positive-side) from switch-node V5SW R1 VFB R2 H-FET Inductor Vout SW L-FET Cout R CSP C CSN Figure 47. Sensing Trace Routings • Use Kelvin sensing traces from the solder pads of the current sensing device (inductor or resistor) to current Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 29 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com sensing comparator inputs (CSPx and CSNx). (See Figure 48) Current sensing Device RC network next to IC Figure 48. Current Sensing Traces • • • • Use small copper space for VFBx. These are short and narrow traces to avoid noise coupling Connect VFB resistor trace to the positive node of the output capacitor. Use signal GND for VREF2 and VREG3 capacitors, RF and VFB resistors, and the other sensitive analog components. Placing a signal GND plane (underneath the IC, and fully covered peripheral components) on the internal layer for shielding purpose is recommended. (See Figure 49) Use a thermal land for PowerPAD™. Five or more vias, with 0.33-mm (13-mils) diameter connected from the thermal land to the internal GND plane, should be used to help dissipation. Do NOT connect the GND-pin to this thermal land on the surface layer, underneath the package. Routing (power portion) • Use wider/shorter traces of DRVL for low-side gate drivers to reduce stray inductance. • Use the parallel traces of SW and DRVH for high-side MOSFET gate drive, and keep them away from DRVL. • Connect SW trace to source terminal of the high-side MOSFET. • Use power GND for VREG5, VIN and VOUT capacitors and low-side MOSFETs. Power GND and signal GND should be connected near the device GND terminal. (See Figure 49) 0W resistor GND #28 GND-pin To inner Power-GND layer To inner Signal-GND plane Inner Signal-GND plane Figure 49. GND Layout Example 30 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 VO1 5.0V/8A IMON1 PGND C11 GND L1 C04 0.1mF R02 10kW EN VO1 R14 7.5k W R11 120k W R15 4.3k W SKIPSEL1 32 R16 4.7W 31 C15 100p F 9 CSN1 CSP1 7 8 SKIPSEL1 PGOOD1 EN1 RF V5SW DRVH1 C14 0.1mF 6 5 4 3 2 1 R12 30kW GND C13 0.1 mF GND PGOOD1 EN1 R01 300kW Q12 PGND GND VO1 PGND C12 Q11 10 30 29 PowerPAD R13 18kW 12 VREF2 11 28 PGND 27 GND TPS51222RTV (QFN32) PGND C01 10mF VREG5 EN C02 0.22mF VREF2 14 GND VREF2 13 26 R26 4.7 W 25 C24 0.1mF 19 18 SKIPSEL2 CSP2 R23 12kW 15 16 C25 220p F GND R22 27kW R21 62kW C23 0.1 mF 20 PGOOD2 17 SKIPSEL2 21 EN2 CSN2 PGOOD2 22 VREG3 EN2 23 24 PGND R03 10kW GND R24 6.8k W GND VO2 C22 C03 2.2mF PGND R25 4.3kW Q22 Q21 VIN DRVH2 SW2 VREG5 5V/100mA GND VREF2 VBST1 COMP1 DRVL1 IMON1 DRVL2 IMON2 VBST2 COMP2 SW1 VFB1 Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated VFB2 VBAT C05 0.1 mF IMON2 L2 VBAT PGND C21 VREG3 3.3V/10mA VBAT VO2 3.3V/8A www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 TPS51222 APPLICATION CIRCUITS Figure 50. Current Mode, DCR Sensing, 5.0-V/8-A, 3.3-V/8-A, 330-kHz Submit Documentation Feedback 31 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com Table 4. Current Mode, DCR Sensing, 5.0-V/8-A, 3.3-V/8-A, 330-kHz SYMBOL SPECIFICATION MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER C11 2 × 330 µF, 6.3 V, 18 mΩ Sanyo 6TPE330MIL C12 2 × 10 µF, 25 V Murata GRM32DR71E106K C21 470 µF, 4.0V, 15 mΩ Sanyo 4TPE470MFL C22 2 × 10 µF, 25 V Murata GRM32DR71E106K L1 3.3 µH, 10.7 A, 10.5 mΩ TOKO FDV1040-3R3M L2 3.3 µH, 10.7 A, 10.5 mΩ TOKO FDV1040-3R3M Q11, Q21 30-V, 12 A, 10.5 mΩ Fairchild FDMS8692 Q12, Q22 30 V, 18 A, 5.4 mΩ Fairchild FDMS8672AS 32 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 TPS51222 VREG3 3.3V/10mA IMON2 GND VO2 GND R22 27kW R21 62kW C25 1.8nF R23 9.1kW VREF2 GND C02 0.22mF VREF2 15 14 13 VREF2 12 R13 10kW 11 C15 1.8nF 10 9 CSN1 VO1 VO1 5.0V/8A PGND C11 IMON1 L1 GND C04 0.1mF R02 10kW R14 7.5k W EN R15 4.3k W R11 120k W GND GND 8 C13 0.1 mF CSP1 7 16 17 CSN2 PowerPAD SKIPSEL1 SKIPSEL1 PGOOD1 R12 30kW CSP2 R25 4.3kW 18 SKIPSEL2 C23 0.1 mF SKIPSEL2 19 6 PGOOD1 5 R03 10kW R24 6.8k W PGOOD2 20 PGOOD2 EN2 21 4 EN1 GND RF 3 R01 300kW VO1 PGND EN1 TPS51222RTV (QFN32) EN2 22 VREG3 23 VIN V5SW DRVH2 1 2 24 32 DRVH1 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 GND PGND PGND C01 10mF GND C03 2.2mF PGND Q22 PGND Q21 C24 0.1mF SW1 R26 4.7 W VBST1 Q12 VFB1 PGND COMP1 DRVL1 R16 4.7W IMON1 VREG5 C14 0.1mF EN GND C12 VREF2 DRVL2 Q11 IMON2 VBST2 VREG5 5V/100mA COMP2 SW2 VBAT VFB2 C22 C05 0.1 mF L2 VBAT PGND C21 VBAT VO2 3.3V/8A www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 Figure 51. Current Mode (Non-Droop), DCR Sensing, 5.0-V/8-A, 3.3-V/8-A, 330-kHz Table 5. Current Mode (Non-droop), DCR Sensing, 5.0-V/8-A, 3.3-V/8-A, 330-kHz SYMBOL SPECIFICATION MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER C11 2 x 330 µF, 6.3 V 18 mΩ Sanyo 6TPE330MIL Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 33 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com Table 5. Current Mode (Non-droop), DCR Sensing, 5.0-V/8-A, 3.3-V/8-A, 330-kHz (continued) SYMBOL SPECIFICATION MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER C12 2 x 10 µF, 25 V Murata GRM32DR71E106K C21 470 µF, 4.0V, 15 mΩ Sanyo 4TPE470MFL C22 2 x 10 µF, 25 V Murata GRM32DR71E106K L1 3.3 µH, 10.7 A, 10.5 mΩ TOKO FDV1040-3R3M L2 3.3 µH, 10.7 A, 10.5 mΩ TOKO FDV1040-3R3M Q11, Q21 30-V, 12-A, 10.5 mΩ Fairchild FDMS8692 Q12, Q22 30-V, 18-A, 5.4 mΩ Fairchild FDMS8672AS 34 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 VO1 5.0V/5A IMON1 PGND C11 GND L1 C04 0.1mF R02 10kW EN VO1 R14 6.8k W R11 120k W R15 56kW 32 C15 100p F 9 CSN1 CSP1 7 8 SKIPSEL1 PGOOD1 EN1 RF V5SW DRVH1 10 PowerPAD TPS51222RTV (QFN32) R13 10kW 12 VREF2 11 C02 0.22mF VREF2 14 GND VREF2 13 C24 0.1mF CSP2 R23 10kW 15 16 C25 220p F GND R22 27kW R21 62kW C23 0.1 mF 18 SKIPSEL2 17 SKIPSEL2 19 CSN2 PGOOD2 EN2 20 21 22 23 24 PGND R03 10kW GND R24 6.8k W GND VO2 C22 C03 2.2mF PGND R25 56kW Q22 Q21 PGOOD2 EN2 VREG3 VIN DRVH2 25 26 27 28 GND 29 PGND 30 PGND 31 6 5 4 3 2 1 R12 30kW GND C13 0.1 mF GND PGOOD1 EN1 R01 330kW SKIPSEL1 GND VO1 PGND Q12 R26 4.7 W VBST1 COMP1 PGND C01 10mF DRVL1 IMON1 R16 4.7W VREG5 EN C14 0.1mF GND VREF2 C12 DRVL2 IMON2 Q11 VBST2 VREG5 5V/100mA SW2 COMP2 SW1 VFB1 Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated VFB2 VBAT C05 0.1 mF IMON2 L2 VBAT PGND C21 VREG3 3.3V/10mA VBAT VO2 3.3V/5A www.ti.com............................................................................................................................................................................................... SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009 TPS51222 Figure 52. Current Mode, DCR Sensing, 5.0-V/5-A, 3.3-V/5-A, 300-kHz Table 6. Current Mode, DCR Sensing, 5.0-V/5-A, 3.3-V/5-A, 300-kHz SYMBOL SPECIFICATION MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER C11 2 × 120 µF, 6.3V, 15 mΩ Panasonic EEFCX0J121R Submit Documentation Feedback 35 TPS51222 SLUS908 – JANUARY 2009............................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com Table 6. Current Mode, DCR Sensing, 5.0-V/5-A, 3.3-V/5-A, 300-kHz (continued) SYMBOL SPECIFICATION MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER C12 2 × 10 µF, 25 V Murata GRM32DR71E106K C21 2 × 220 µF, 4.0 V, 15 mΩ Panasonic EEFCX0G221R C22 2 × 10 µF, 25 V Murata GRM32DR71E106K L1 4.0 µH, 10.3 A, 6.6 mΩ Sumida CEP125-4R0MC-H L2 4.0 µH, 10.3 A, 6.6 mΩ Sumida CEP125-4R0MC-H Q11, Q21 30 V, 13.6 A, 9.5 mΩ IR IRF7821 Q12, Q22 30 V, 13.8 A, 5.8 mΩ IR IRF8113 36 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS51222 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 28-Aug-2012 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant TPS51222RTVR WQFN RTV 32 3000 330.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 TPS51222RTVR WQFN RTV 32 3000 330.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 TPS51222RTVT WQFN RTV 32 250 180.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 TPS51222RTVT WQFN RTV 32 250 180.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 28-Aug-2012 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) TPS51222RTVR WQFN RTV 32 3000 367.0 367.0 35.0 TPS51222RTVR WQFN RTV 32 3000 367.0 367.0 35.0 TPS51222RTVT WQFN RTV 32 250 210.0 185.0 35.0 TPS51222RTVT WQFN RTV 32 250 210.0 185.0 35.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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