TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Wide Input Voltage, Eco-mode™, Single Synchronous Step-Down Controller Check for Samples: TPS53219A FEATURES POINT-OF-LOAD APPLICATIONS • • • • • • • • • • • 1 2 • • • • • • • • • • • Conversion Input Voltage Range: 3 V to 28 V VDD Input Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 25 V Output Voltage Range: 0.6 V to 5.5 V Wide Output Load Range: 0 A to > 20 A Built-In 0.6-V (±0.8%) Reference Built-In LDO Linear Voltage Regulator Auto-Skip Eco-mode™ for Light-Load Efficiency D-CAP™ Mode with 100-ns Load-Step Response Adaptive On-Time Control Architecture with 8 Selectable Frequency Settings 4700ppm/°C RDS(on) Current Sensing 0.7-ms, 1.4-ms, 2.8-ms and 5.6-ms Selectable Internal Voltage Servo Soft-Start Pre-Charged Start-up Capability Built-In Output Discharge Open-Drain Power Good Output Integrated Boost Switch Built-in OVP/UVP/OCP Thermal Shutdown (Non-latch) 3 mm × 3 mm QFN, 16-Pin (RGT) Package Storage Computer Server Computer Multi-Function Printer Embedded Computing DESCRIPTION The TPS53219A is a small-sized single buck controller with adaptive on-time D-CAP™ mode control. The device is suitable for low output voltage, high current, PC system power rail and similar point-of-load (POL) power supplies in digital consumer products. The small package and minimal pin-count save space on the PCB, while the dedicated EN pin and pre-set frequency selections simplify the power supply design. The skip-mode at light load conditions, strong gate drivers and low-side FET RDS(on) current sensing supports low-loss and high efficiency, over a broad load range. The conversion input voltage (high-side FET drain voltage) range is between 4.5 V and 25 V, and the output voltage range is between 0.6 V and 5.5 V. The TPS53219A is available in a 16-pin, QFN package specified from –40°C to 85°C. VOUT VIN VREG VIN 16 EN 15 14 CSD86350 SW 13 VIN SW 1 PGOOD NC VBST DRVH TRIP SW 12 DRVL 11 TG SW 2 EN 3 VFB TGR BG TPS53219A VDRV 10 VREG 4 9 RF Pad MODE VDD 5 6 VDD GND PGND 7 PGND 8 UDG-11273 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Eco-mode, D-CAP are trademarks of Texas Instruments. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. ORDERING INFORMATION TA PACKAGE –40°C to 85°C Plastic QFN (RGT) ORDERING DEVICE NUMBER PINS OUTPUT SUPPLY MINIMUM QUANTITY TPS53219ARGTR 16 Tape and reel 3000 TPS53219ARGTT 16 Mini-reel 250 ECO PLAN Green (RoHS and no Pb/Br) ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) VALUE Input voltage range VBST (2) –0.3 to 7 VDD –0.3 to 28 SW Output voltage range UNIT –0.3 to 37 VBST –2.0 to 30 DC Pulse <20ns, E = 5 µJ V –7 VDRV, EN, TRIP, VFB, RF, MODE –0.3 to 7 DRVH –2.0 to 37 DRVH (2) –0.3 to 7 DRVL, VREG –0.5 to 7 PGOOD –0.3 to 7 V TJ Junction temperature range 150 °C TSTG Storage temperature range –55 to 150 °C (1) (2) Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Voltage values are with respect to the SW terminal THERMAL INFORMATION THERMAL METRIC (1) TPS53219A 16-PIN RGT θJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 51.3 θJCtop Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 85.4 θJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance 20.1 ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter 1.3 ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter 19.4 θJCbot Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance 6.0 (1) 2 UNITS °C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN Input voltage range Output voltage range TA (1) TYP MAX VBST –0.1 34.5 VDD 4.5 25 SW –1.0 28 VBST (1) –0.1 6.5 EN, TRIP, VFB, RF, VDRV, MODE –0.1 6.5 DRVH –1.0 34.5 DRVH (1) –0.1 6.5 DRVL, VREG –0.3 6.5 PGOOD –0.1 6.5 Operating free-air temperature –40 85 UNIT V V °C Voltage values are with respect to the SW terminal. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A 3 TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS over operating free-air temperature range, VDD = 12 V (Unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 420 590 µA 10 µA SUPPLY CURRENT IVDD VDD supply current VDD current, TA = 25°C, No Load, VEN = 5 V, VVFB = 0.630 V IVDDSDN VDD shutdown current VDD current, TA=25°C, No Load, VEN=0 V INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE VVFB VFB regulation voltage VFB voltage, CCM condition (1) TA = 25°C VVFB VFB regulation voltage 0°C ≤ TA≤ 85°C -40°C ≤ TA≤ 85°C IVFB VFB input current 600 mV 597 600 603 595.2 600.0 604.8 594 600 606 0.002 0.200 VVFB = 0.630V, TA = 25°C mV µA OUTPUT DRIVERS RDRVH DRVH resistance RDRVL DRVL resistance tDEAD Dead time Source, IDRVH = –50 mA 1.5 3 Sink, IDRVH = 50 mA 0.7 1.8 Source, IDRVL = –50 mA 1.0 2.2 Sink, IDRVL = 50 mA 0.5 1.2 DRVH-off to DRVL-on 7 17 30 DRVL-off to DRVH-on 10 22 35 5.76 6.20 6.67 Ω Ω ns LDO OUTPUT VVREG LDO output voltage 0 mA ≤ IVREG ≤ 50 mA IVREG LDO output current (1) Maximum current allowed from LDO VDO LDO drop out voltage VVDD = 4.5 V, IVREG = 50 mA V 50 mA 364 mV BOOT STRAP SWITCH VFBST Forward voltage VVREG-VBST, IF = 10 mA, TA = 25°C IVBSTLK VBST leakagecurrent VVBST = 23 V, VSW = 17 V, TA = 25°C 0.1 0.2 V 0.01 1.5 µA 260 400 ns DUTY AND FREQUENCY CONTROL tOFF(min) tON(min) Minimum off-time TA = 25°C Minimum on-time VIN = 17 V, VOUT = 0.6 V, RRF = 0 Ω to VREG, TA = 25°C (1) 150 35 0 V ≤ VOUT ≤ 95%, RMODE = 39 kΩ 0.7 0 V ≤ VOUT ≤ 95%, RMODE = 100kΩ 1.4 0 V ≤ VOUT ≤ 95%, RMODE = 200 kΩ 2.8 0 V ≤ VOUT ≤ 95%, RMODE = 470 kΩ 5.6 ns SOFTSTART tSS Internal soft-start time ms POWERGOOD VTHPG PG threshold PG in from lower 92.5% 96.0% 98.5% PG in from higher 108% 111% 114% PG hysteresis 2.5% 5.0% 7.8% RPG PG transistor on-resistance 15 30 50 Ω tPG(del) PG delay after soft-start 0.8 1 1.2 ms (1) 4 Ensured by design. Not production tested. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS over operating free-air temperature range, VDD = 12 V (Unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT LOGIC THRESHOLD AND SETTING CONDITIONS EN voltage threshold enable VEN –40°C ≤ TA≤ 85°C 1.8 0°C ≤ TA≤ 85°C 1.7 V EN voltage threshold disable IEN EN input current 0.5 VEN = 5 V 200 250 300 RRF = 187 kΩ to GND, TA = 25°C (1) 250 300 350 (1) RRF = 619 kΩ to GND, TA = 25°C fSW Switching frequency µA 1.0 RRF = 0 Ω to GND, TA = 25°C (1) 350 400 450 RRF = Open, TA = 25°C (1) 450 500 550 RRF = 866 kΩ to VREG, TA = 25°C (1) 580 650 720 RRF = 309 kΩ to VREG, TA = 25°C (1) 670 750 820 RRF = 124 kΩ to VREG, TA = 25°C (1) 770 850 930 RRF = 0 Ω to VREG, TA = 25°C (1) 880 970 1070 VEN = 0 V, VSW = 0.5 V 5 13 VTRIP = 1 V, TA = 25°C 9 10 kHz VO DISCHARGE IDischg VO discharge current mA PROTECTION: CURRENT SENSE ITRIP TRIP source current TCITRIP TRIP current temp. coef. VTRIP Current limit threshold setting range VTRIP-GND voltage VOCL VOCLN VAZC(adj) Current limit threshold Negative current limit threshold Auto zero cross adjustable range TA = 25°C (2) 4700 0.2 ppm/°C 3 VTRIP = 3.0 V 355 375 395 VTRIP = 1.6 V 185 200 215 VTRIP = 0.2 V 17 25 33 VTRIP = 3.0 V –406 –375 –355 VTRIP = 1.6 V –215 –200 –185 VTRIP = 0.2 V –33 –25 –17 3 15 Positive Negative µA 11 –15 –3 120% 125% V mV mV mV PROTECTION: UVP AND OVP VOVP OVP trip threshold voltage OVP detect tOVP(del) OVP propagation delay time VFB delay with 50-mV overdrive VUVP Output UVP trip threshold voltage UVP detect tUVP(del) Output UVP propagation delay time tUVP(en) Output UVP enable delay time 115% µs 1 65% 70% 0.8 1 75% 1.2 ms from EN to UVP workable, RMODE = 39 kΩ 2.00 2.55 3.00 ms Wake up 4.00 4.18 4.50 UVLO VUVVREG VREG UVLO threshold Hysteresis 0.25 Shutdown temperature (2) 145 V THERMAL SHUTDOWN TSDN (1) (2) Thermal shutdown threshold Hysteresis (2) 10 °C Not production tested. Test conditions are VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 1.1 V, IOUT =10 A and using the application circuit shown in Figure 17 and Figure 18. Ensured by design. Not production tested Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A 5 TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com DEVICE INFORMATION TRIP 1 EN 2 PGOOD N/C VBST DRVH RGT PACKAGE 16 PINS (TOP VIEW) 16 15 14 13 12 SW 11 DVRL TPS53219A RF 4 9 VREG 5 6 7 8 PGND VDRV GND 10 VDD 3 MODE VFB PIN FUNCTIONS PIN NAME PIN NO. I/O/P (1) DRVH 13 O High-side MOSFET driver output. The SW node referenced floating driver. The gate drive voltage is defined by the voltage across VBST to SW node bootstrap flying capacitor. DRVL 11 O Synchronous MOSFET driver output. The PGND referenced driver. The gate drive voltage is defined by VDRV voltage. EN 2 I Enable pin. Place a 1-kΩ resistor in series with this pin if the source voltage is higher than 5.5 V. GND 7 G Ground pin. This is the ground of internal analog circuitry. Connect to GND plane at single point. MODE 5 I Soft-start and skip/CCM selection. Connect a resistor to select soft-start time using Table 1 . The soft-start time is detected and stored into internal register during start-up. NC 15 – No connection. PGOOD 16 O Open drain power good flag. Provides 1-ms start up delay after the VFB pin voltage falls within specified limits. When VFB goes out specified limits PGOOD goes low after a 2-µs delay. PGND 8 G Power ground. Connect to GND plane. RF 4 I Switching frequency selection. Connect a resistor to GND or VREG to select switching frequency using Table 2. The switching frequency is detected and stored during the startup. SW 12 P Output of converted power. Connect this pin to the output inductor. TRIP 1 I OCL detection threshold setting pin. 10 µA at room temp, 4700ppm/°C current is sourced and set the OCL trip voltage as follows. VOCL=VTRIP/8 spacer ( VTRIP ≤ 3 V, VOCL ≤ 375 mV) VBST 14 P Supply input for high-side FET gate driver (boost terminal). Connect a capacitor from this pin to SW-node. Internally connected to VREG via bootstrap MOSFET switch. VDD 6 P Controller power supply input. The input range is from 4.5 V to 25 V. VDRV 10 I Gate drive supply voltage input. Connect to VREG if using LDO output as gate drive supply. VFB 3 I Output feedback input. Connect this pin to VOUT through a resistor divider. VREG 9 O 6.2-V LDO output. This is the supply of internal analog circuitry and driver circuitry. Pad – – Thermal pad. Use five vias to connect to GND plane. (1) 6 DESCRIPTION I=Input, O=Output, P=Power, G=Ground Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM 0.6 V –30% + UV + OV 0.6 V +10/15% 16 PGOOD + Delay + 0.6 V +20% 0.6 V –5/10% Enable/SS Control EN 2 VFB 3 14 VBST Control Logic + PWM + + 12 SW + Ramp Comp GND 13 DRVH XCON 0.6 V 7 10 mA + tON OneShot OCP TRIP 1 x(-1/8) FCCM x(1/8) + ZC 10 VDRV Auto-skip 11 DRVL Auto-skip/FCCM 8 RF Frequency Setting Detector 4 PGND EN LDO Linear Regulator TPS53219A 5 9 6 MODE VREG VDD UDG-11274 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A 7 TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 5.0 700 Supply Current (µA) 500 400 300 200 No Load VEN = 5 V VVDD = 12 V VVFB = 0.63 V 100 0 −50 −25 0 25 50 75 Temperature (°C) 100 125 Supply Shutdown Current (µA) 4.5 600 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.0 −50 150 −25 0 25 50 75 Temperature (°C) 100 16 120 14 150 12 TRIP Current (µA) 100 80 60 40 10 8 6 4 2 OVP UVP 0 −50 −25 0 25 50 75 Temperature (°C) 100 125 VVDD = 12 V 0 −50 150 Figure 3. OVP/UVP Threshold vs Temperature −25 0 25 50 75 Temperature (°C) 100 150 Frequency (kHz) 1000 100 fSET = 300 kHz VIN = 12 V VOUT = 1.1 V 10 100 fSET = 500 kHz VIN = 12 V VOUT = 1.1 V 10 FCC Mode Skip Mode 1 0.01 125 Figure 4. TRIP Pin Current vs Temperature 1000 0.1 1 Output Current (A) 10 100 Figure 5. Switching Frequency vs Output Current 8 125 Figure 2. VDD Shutdown Current vs Temperature 140 20 Frequency (kHz) No Load VEN = 0 V VVDD = 12 V 0.5 Figure 1. VDD Supply Current vs Temperature OVP/UVP Threshold (%) 4.0 FCC Mode Skip Mode 1 0.01 0.1 1 Output Current (A) 10 100 Figure 6. Switching Frequency vs Output Current Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 1000 Frequency (kHz) Frequency (kHz) 1000 100 fSET =750 kHz VIN = 12 V VOUT = 1.1 V 10 100 fSET =1 MHz VIN = 12 V VOUT = 1.1 V 10 FCC Mode Skip Mode 1 0.01 0.1 1 Output Current (A) 10 FCC Mode Skip Mode 1 0.01 100 Figure 7. Switching Frequency vs Output Current 10 100 1.120 fSET = 1 MHz fSET = 500 kHz VIN = 12 V VOUT = 1.1 V 1.115 1000 1.110 800 fSET = 750 kHz 600 fSET = 500 kHz 400 fSET = 300 kHz Output Voltage (V) Switching Frequency (kHz) 1 Output Current (A) Figure 8. Switching Frequency vs Output Current 1200 1.105 1.100 1.095 1.090 200 0 IOUT =10 A VIN = 12 V 0 1 2 3 4 Output Voltage (V) 5 1.085 1.080 6 Figure 9. Switching Frequency vs Output Voltage 1.110 100 1.108 90 1.106 80 1.104 70 1.102 1.100 1.098 1.096 0 5 10 15 Output Current (A) 1.092 FCC Mode, No Load Skip Mode, No Load All Modes, IOUT = 20 A fSW = 500 kHz 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Input Voltage (V) 12 13 14 Figure 11. Output Voltage vs Input Voltage 15 20 25 60 50 VIN = 12 V VOUT = 1.1 V 40 30 1.094 1.090 FCC Mode Skip Mode Figure 10. Output Voltage vs Output Current Efficiency (%) Output Voltage (V) 0.1 Skip Mode, fSW = 500 kHz FCC Mode, fSW = 500 kHz Skip Mode, fSW = 300 kHz FCC Mode, fSW = 300 kHz 20 10 0 0.01 0.1 1 Output Current (A) 10 100 Figure 12. Efficiency vs Output Current Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A 9 TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) 10 Figure 13. Start up Waveform) Figure 14. Pre-bias Start up Waveform) Figure 15. Turn Off Waveform Figure 16. Load Transient Response Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com APPLICATION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM R10 100 kW R9 0W VREG R1 8.25 kW VIN PGOOD R8 28.7 kW 1 16 15 14 13 PGOOD NC VBST DRVH TRIP C5 0.1 mF VIN CSD86350 VIN CIN 22 mF x 4 SW SW L1 0.44 mH PA0513.441 SW 12 R11 1 kW TG SW TGR BG DRVL 11 EN 2 VOUT EN TPS53219A COUT POSCAP 330 mF x 2 VDRV 10 3 VFB 4 RF PGND VREG R2 10 kW R4 187 kW MODE VDD 5 6 GND PGND Pad 7 8 C4 4.7 mF R5 100 kW PGOOD 9 C3 1 mF VDD UDG-11275 Figure 17. Typical Application Circuit Diagram with Power Block R1 8.25 kW VIN R10 100 kW R9 0W CIN 22 mF x 4 VREG PGOOD R8 28.7 kW 1 16 15 14 13 PGOOD NC VBST DRVH TRIP VIN CSD86350 VIN SW C2 1 nF C1 0.1 mF SW R7 10 kW SW 12 R11 1 kW EN C5 0.1 mF TG SW TGR BG L1 0.44 mH PA0513.441 DRVL 11 2 VOUT EN TPS53219A COUT Ceramic 100 mF x 4 VDRV 10 3 VFB 4 RF PGND VREG R2 10 kW R4 187 kW MODE VDD 5 6 R5 100 kW PGOOD R12 0W 9 GND PGND Pad 7 C4 4.7 mF 8 C3 1 mF UDG-11276 VDD Figure 18. Typical Application Circuit Diagram with Ceramic Output Capacitors Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A 11 TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com General Description The TPS53219A is a high-efficiency, single channel, synchronous buck regulator controller suitable for low output voltage point-of-load applications in computing and similar digital consumer applications. The device features proprietary D-CAP™ mode control combined with an adaptive on-time architecture. This combination is ideal for building modern low duty ratio, ultra-fast load step response DC-DC converters. The output voltage ranges from 0.6 V to 5.5 V. The conversion input voltage range is from 3 V up to 28V. The D-CAP™ mode uses the ESR of the output capacitor(s) to sense the device current . One advantage of this control scheme is that it does not require an external phase compensation network. This allows a simple design with a low external component count. Eight preset switching frequency values can be chosen using a resistor connected from the RF pin to ground or VREG. Adaptive on-time control tracks the preset switching frequency over a wide input and output voltage range while allowing the switching frequency to increase at the step-up of the load. The TPS53219A has a MODE pin to select between auto-skip mode and forced continuous conduction mode (FCCM) for light load conditions. The MODE pin also sets the selectable soft-start time ranging from 0.7 ms to 5.6 ms as shown in Table 1. The strong gate drivers allow low RDS(on) FETs for high-current applications. When the device starts (either by EN or VDD UVLO), the TPS53219A sends out a current that detects the resistance connected to the MODE pin to determine the soft-start time. After that (and before VOUT start to ramp up) the MODE pin becomes a high-impedance input to determine skip mode or FCCM mode operation. When the voltage on the MODE pin is higher than 1.3 V, the converter enters into FCCM mode. If the voltage on MODE pin is less than 1.3 V, then the converter operates in skip mode. It is recommended to connect the MODE pin to the PGOOD pin if FCCM mode is desired. In this configuration, the MODE pin is connected to the GND potential through a resistor when the device is detecting the soft-start time thus correct soft-start time is used. The device starts up in skip mode and only after the PGOOD pin goes high does the device enter into FCCM mode. When the PGOOD pin goes high there is a transition between skip mode and FCCM. A minimum off-time of 60 ns on DRVL is provided to avoid a voltage spike on the DRVL pin caused by parasitic inductance of the driver loop and gate capacitance of the low-side MOSFET. For proper operation, the MODE pin must not be connected directly to a voltage source. Enable and Soft-Start When the EN pin voltage rises above the enable threshold voltage (typically 1.4 V), the controller enters its start-up sequence. The internal LDO regulator starts immediately and regulates to 6.2 V at the VREG pin. The controller then uses the first 250 µs to calibrate the switching frequency setting resistance attached to the RF pin and stores the switching frequency code in internal registers. However, switching is inhibited during this phase. In the second phase, an internal DAC starts ramping up the reference voltage from 0 V to 0.6 V. Depending on the MODE pin setting, the ramping up time varies from 0.7 ms to 5.6 ms. Smooth and constant ramp-up of the output voltage is maintained during start-up regardless of load current. Table 1. Soft-Start and MODE MODE SELECTION Auto Skip Forced CCM (1) ACTION Pull down to GND (1) Connect to PGOOD SOFT-START TIME (ms) RMODE (kΩ) 0.7 39 1.4 100 2.8 200 5.6 475 0.7 39 1.4 100 2.8 200 5.6 475 Device goes into Forced CCM after PGOOD becomes high. When the EN voltage is higher than 5.5 V, a 1-kΩ series resistor is needed for EN pin 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Adaptive On-Time D-CAP™ Control and Frequency Selection The TPS53219A does not have a dedicated oscillator that determines switching frequency. However, the device operates with pseudo-constant frequency by feed-forwarding the input and output voltages into the on-time one-shot timer. The adaptive on-time control adjusts the on-time to be inversely proportional to the input voltage and proportional to the output voltage (tON ∝ VOUT/VIN). This makes the switching frequency fairly constant in steady state conditions over a wide input voltage range. The switching frequency is selectable from eight preset values by a resistor connected between the RF pin and GND or between the RF pin and the VREG pin as shown in Table 2. (Leaving the resistance open sets the switching frequency to 500 kHz.) Table 2. Resistor and Switching Frequency SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) RESISTOR (RRF) CONNECTIONS 0 Ω to GND 250 187 kΩ to GND 300 619 kΩ to GND 400 Open 500 866 kΩ to VREG 650 309 kΩ to VREG 750 124 kΩ to VREG 850 0 Ω to VREG 970 The off-time is modulated by a PWM comparator. The VFB node voltage (the mid-point of resistor divider) is compared to the internal 0.6-V reference voltage added with a ramp signal. When both signals match, the PWM comparator asserts a set signal to terminate the off time (turn off the low-side MOSFET and turn on high-side MOSFET). The set signal is valid if the inductor current level is below the OCP threshold, otherwise the off time is extended until the current level falls below the threshold. Small Signal Model From small-signal loop analysis, a buck converter using D-CAP™ mode can be simplified as shown in Figure 19. VIN TPS53219A Switching Modulator DRVH R1 VFB L 13 PWM 3 + R2 + Control Logic and Driver VOUT DRVL IIND 11 IOUT IC 0.6 V ESR RLOAD Voltage Divider VC COUT Output Capacitor UDG-11277 Figure 19. Simplified Modulator Model Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A 13 TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com The output voltage is compared with the internal reference voltage (ramp signal is ignored here for simplicity). The PWM comparator determines the timing to turn on the high-side MOSFET. The gain and speed of the comparator can be assumed high enough to keep the voltage at the beginning of each on cycle substantially constant. 1 H (s ) = s ´ ESR ´ COUT (1) For the loop stability, the 0 dB frequency, ƒ0, defined below must be lower than ¼ of the switching frequency. f 1 £ SW f0 = 2p ´ ESR ´ COUT 4 (2) According to the equation above, the loop stability of D-CAP™ mode modulator is mainly determined by the capacitor chemistry. For example, specialty polymer capacitors (SP-CAP) have an output capacitance on the order of several 100 µF and ESR in range of 10 mΩ. These yields an f0 on the order of 100 kHz or less and a more stable loop. However, ceramic capacitors have an ƒ0 at more than 700 kHz, and require special care when used with this modulator. An application circuit for ceramic capacitor is described in section External Parts Selection with All Ceramic Output Capacitors. Ramp Signal The TPS53219A adds a ramp signal to the 0.6-V reference in order to improve jitter performance. As described in the previous section, the feedback voltage is compared with the reference information to keep the output voltage in regulation. By adding a small ramp signal to the reference, the S/N ratio at the onset of a new switching cycle is improved. Therefore the operation becomes less jittery and more stable. The ramp signal is controlled to start with –7 mV at the beginning of an on-cycle and becomes 0 mV at the end of an off-cycle in steady state. During skip mode operation, when the switching frequency is lower than 70% of the nominal frequency (because of longer off-time), the ramp signal exceeds 0 mV at the end of the off-time but is clamped at 3 mV to minimize DC offset. Light Load Condition in Auto-Skip Operation While the MODE pin is pulled low via RMODE, TPS53219A automatically reduces the switching frequency at light load conditions to maintain high efficiency. Detailed operation is described as follows. As the output current decreases from heavy load condition, the inductor current is also reduced and eventually comes to the point that its rippled valley touches zero level, which is the boundary between continuous conduction and discontinuous conduction modes. The synchronous MOSFET is turned off when this zero inductor current is detected. As the load current further decreases, the converter runs into discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The on-time is kept almost the same as it was in the continuous conduction mode so that it takes longer time to discharge the output capacitor with smaller load current to the level of the reference voltage. The transition point to the light load operation IO(LL) (i.e., the threshold between continuous and discontinuous conduction mode) can be calculated as shown in Equation 3. IOUT(LL ) = (VIN - VOUT )´ VOUT 1 ´ 2 ´ L ´ fSW VIN where • ƒSW is the PWM switching frequency (3) Switching frequency versus output current in the light load condition is a function of L, VIN and VOUT, but it decreases almost proportionally to the output current from the IO(LL) given in Equation 3. For example, it is 60 kHz at IO(LL)/5 if the frequency setting is 300 kHz. Adaptive Zero Crossing The TPS53219A has an adaptive zero crossing circuit which performs optimization of the zero inductor current detection at skip mode operation. This function pursues ideal low-side MOSFET turning off timing and compensates inherent offset voltage of the Z-C comparator and delay time of the Z-C detection circuit. It prevents SW-node swing-up caused by too late detection and minimizes diode conduction period caused by too early detection. As a result, better light load efficiency is delivered. 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Forced Continuous Conduction Mode When the MODE pin is tied to PGOOD through a resistor, the controller keeps continuous conduction mode (CCM) in light load condition. In this mode, switching frequency is kept almost constant over the entire load range which is suitable for applications need tight control of the switching frequency at a cost of lower efficiency. Output Discharge Control When EN becomes low, the TPS53219A discharges output capacitor using internal MOSFET connected between the SW pin and the PGND pin while the high-side and low-side MOSFETs are maintained in the OFF state. The typical discharge resistance is 40 Ω. The soft discharge occurs only as EN becomes low. After VREG becomes low, the internal MOSFET turns off and the discharge function becomes inactive. Low-Side Driver The low-side driver is designed to drive high-current low-RDS(on) N-channel MOSFET(s). The drive capability is represented by its internal resistance, which is 1.0 Ω for VDRV to DRVL and 0.5 Ω for DRVL to GND. A dead time to prevent shoot through is internally generated between high-side MOSFET off to low-side MOSFET on, and low-side MOSFET off to high-side MOSFET on. The bias voltage VDRV can be delivered from 6.2 V VREG supply or from external power source from 4.5 V to 6.5 V. The instantaneous drive current is supplied by an input capacitor connected between the VDRV and PGND pins. The average low-side gate drive current is calculated in Equation 4. IGL = CGL ´ VVDRV ´ fSW (4) When VDRV is supplied by external voltage source, the device continues to be supplied by the VREG pin. There is no internal connection from VDRV to VREG. High-Side Driver The high-side driver is designed to drive high current, low RDS(on) N-channel MOSFET(s). When configured as a floating driver, the bias voltage is delivered from the VDRV pin supply. The average drive current is calculated using Equation 5. IGH = CGH ´ VVDRV ´ fSW (5) The instantaneous drive current is supplied by the flying capacitor between VBST and SW pins. The drive capability is represented by internal resistance, which is 1.5 Ω for VBST to DRVH and 0.7 Ω for DRVH to SW. The driving power which needs to be dissipated from TPS53219A package. PDRV = (IGL + IGH )´ VVDRV (6) Power Good The TPS53219A has power-good output that indicates high when switcher output is within the target. The power-good function is activated after soft-start has finished. If the output voltage becomes within +10% or –5% of the target value, internal comparators detect power-good state and the power-good signal becomes high after a 1-ms internal delay. If the output voltage goes outside of +15% or –10% of the target value, the power-good signal becomes low after two microsecond (2-µs) internal delay. The power-good output is an open drain output and must be pulled up externally. In order for the PGOOD logic to be valid, the VDD input must be higher than 1 V. To avoid invalid PGOOD logic before the TPS53219A is powered up, it is recommended that the PGOOD pin be pulled-up to VREG (either directly or through a resistor divider if a different pull-up voltage is desired) because VREG remains low when the device is powered off. The pull-up resistance can be chosen from a standard resistor value between 1 kΩ and 100 kΩ. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A 15 TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com Current Sense and Overcurrent Protection TPS53219A has cycle-by-cycle overcurrent limiting control. The inductor current is monitored during the OFF state and the controller maintains the OFF state during the period in that the inductor current is larger than the overcurrent trip level. In order to provide both good accuracy and cost effective solution, TPS53219A supports temperature compensated MOSFET RDS(on) sensing. The TRIP pin should be connected to GND through the trip voltage setting resistor, RTRIP. The TRIP terminal sources ITRIP current, which is 10 µA typically at room temperature, and the trip level is set to the OCL trip voltage VTRIP as shown in Equation 7. Note that the VTRIP is limited up to approximately 3 V internally. VTRIP (mV ) = RTRIP (kW )´ ITRIP (mA ) (7) The inductor current is monitored by the voltage between GND pin and SW pin so that SW pin should be connected to the drain terminal of the low-side MOSFET properly. ITRIP has 4700 ppm/°C temperature slope to compensate the temperature dependency of the RDS(on). The GND pin is used as the positive current sensing node. The GND pin should be connected to the proper current sensing device, (for example, the source terminal of the low-side MOSFET.) As the comparison is done during the OFF state, VTRIP sets the valley level of the inductor current. Thus, the load current at the overcurrent threshold, IOCP, can be calculated as shown in Equation 8. IIND(ripple ) (VIN - VOUT )´ VOUT VTRIP VTRIP 1 IOCP = + = + ´ 2 2 ´ L ´ fSW VIN 8 ´ RDS(on ) 8 ´ RDS(on ) ( ) ) ( (8) In an overcurrent condition, the current to the load exceeds the current to the output capacitor thus the output voltage tends to fall down. Eventually, it crosses the undervoltage protection threshold and shuts down. After a hiccup delay (16 ms with 0.7 ms sort-start), the controller restarts. If the overcurrent condition remains, the procedure is repeated and the device enters hiccup mode. During the CCM, the negative current limit (NCL) protects the external FET from carrying too much current. The NCL detect threshold is set as the same absolute value as positive OCL but negative polarity. Note that the threshold still represents the valley value of the inductor current. Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection TPS53219A monitors a resistor divided feedback voltage to detect over and under voltage. When the feedback voltage becomes lower than 70% of the target voltage, the UVP comparator output goes high and an internal UVP delay counter begins counting. After 1ms, TPS53219A latches OFF both high-side and low-side MOSFETs drivers. The controller restarts after a hiccup delay (16 ms with 0.7 ms soft-start). This function is enabled 1.5-ms after the soft-start is completed. When the feedback voltage becomes higher than 120% of the target voltage, the OVP comparator output goes high and the circuit latches OFF the high-side MOSFET driver and latches ON the low-side MOSFET driver. The output voltage decreases. If the output voltage reaches UV threshold, then both high-side MOSFET and low-side MOSFET driver will be OFF and the device restarts after an hiccup delay. If the OV condition remains, both high-side MOSFET and low-side MOSFET driver remains OFF until the OV condition is removed. UVLO Protection The TPS53219A uses VREG undervoltage lockout protection (UVLO). When the VREG voltage is lower than 3.95 V, the device shuts off. When the VREG voltage is higher than 4.2 V, the device restarts. This is non-latch protection. Thermal Shutdown The TPS53219A uses temperature monitoring. If the temperature exceeds the threshold value (typically 145°C), the device is shut off. This is non-latch protection. 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com External Components Selection Selecting external components is a simple process using D-CAP™ Mode. 1. CHOOSE THE INDUCTOR The inductance should be determined to give the ripple current of approximately ¼ to ½ of maximum output current. Larger ripple current increases output ripple voltage and improves the signal-to-noise ratio and helps stable operation. L= 1 IIND(ripple ) ´ fSW ´ (V IN(max ) - VOUT )´ V VIN(max ) OUT = 3 IOUT(max ) ´ fSW ´ (V IN(max ) - VOUT )´ V OUT VIN(max ) (9) The inductor also requires a low DCR to achieve good efficiency. It also requires enough room above the peak inductor current before saturation. The peak inductor current can be estimated in Equation 10. IIND(peak ) = ) ( VIN(max ) - VOUT ´ VOUT VTRIP 1 + ´ 8 ´ RDS(on ) L ´ fSW VIN(max ) (10) 2. CHOOSE THE OUTPUT CAPACITOR(S) When organic semiconductor capacitor(s) or specialty polymer capacitor(s) are used, for loop stability, capacitance and ESR should satisfy Equation 2. For jitter performance, Equation 11 is a good starting point to determine ESR. V ´ 10mV ´ (1 - D) 10mV ´ L ´ fSW L ´ fSW ESR = OUT = = (W ) 0.6 V ´ IIND(ripple ) 0.6 V 60 where • • D is the duty factor the required output ripple slope is approximately 10 mV per tSW (switching period) in terms of VFB terminal voltage (11) 3. DETERMINE THE VALUE OF R1 AND R2 The output voltage is programmed by the voltage-divider resistor, R1 and R2 shown in Figure 19. R1 is connected between the VFB pin and the output, and R2 is connected between the VFB pin and GND. Recommended R2 value is between 10 kΩ and 20 kΩ. Determine R1 using Equation 12. æ IIND(ripple ) ´ ESR ö ÷ - 0.6 VOUT - ç ç ÷ 2 è ø R1 = ´ R2 0.6 (12) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A 17 TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com External Parts Selection with All Ceramic Output Capacitors When a ceramic output capacitor is used, the stability criteria in Equation 2 cannot be satisfied. The ripple injection approach as shown in Figure 18 is implemented to increase the ripple on the VFB pin and make the system stable. C2 can be fixed at 1 nF. The value of C1 can be selected between 10 nF to 200 nF. The increased ripple on the VFB pin causes the increase of the VFB DC value. The AC ripple coupled to the VFB pin has two components, one coupled from SW node and the other coupled from VOUT and they can be calculated using Equation 13 and Equation 14. VINJ(SW ) = (VIN - VOUT ) ´ R7 ´ C1 D fSW VINJ(OUT ) = ESR ´ IIND(ripple ) + (13) IIND(ripple ) 8 ´ COUT ´ fSW (14) The DC value of VFB can be calculated by Equation 15. VFB = 0.6 + (V INJ(SW ) + VINJ(OUT ) ) 2 (15) And the resistor divider value can be determined by Equation 16. R1 = 18 (VOUT - VFB ) ´ R2 VFB (16) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A TPS53219A SLUSAU4 – DECEMBER 2011 www.ti.com LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS: Certain points must be considered before starting a layout work using the TPS53219A. • Inductor, VIN capacitor(s), VOUT capacitor(s) and MOSFETs are the power components and should be placed on one side of the PCB (solder side). Other small signal components should be placed on another side (component side). At least one inner plane should be inserted, connected to power ground, in order to shield and isolate the small signal traces from noisy power lines. • All sensitive analog traces and components such as VFB, PGOOD, TRIP, MODE and RF should be placed away from high-voltage switching nodes such as SW, DRVL, DRVH or VBST to avoid coupling. Use internal layer(s) as ground plane(s) and shield feedback trace from power traces and components. • The DC/DC converter has several high-current loops. The area of these loops should be minimized in order to suppress generating switching noise. – The most important loop to minimize the area of is the path from the VIN capacitor(s) through the high and low-side MOSFETs, and back to the capacitor(s) through ground. Connect the negative node of the VIN capacitor(s) and the source of the low-side MOSFET at ground as close as possible. – The second important loop is the path from the low-side MOSFET through inductor and VOUT capacitor(s), and back to source of the low-side MOSFET through ground. Connect source of the low-side MOSFET and negative node of VOUT capacitor(s) at ground as close as possible. – The third important loop is of gate driving system for the low-side MOSFET. To turn on the low-side MOSFET, high current flows from VDRV capacitor through gate driver and the low-side MOSFET, and back to negative node of the capacitor through ground. To turn off the low-side MOSFET, high current flows from gate of the low-side MOSFET through the gate driver and PGND of the device, and back to source of the low-side MOSFET through ground. Connect negative node of VDRV capacitor, source of the low-side MOSFET and PGND of the device at ground as close as possible. • Because the TPS53219A controls output voltage referring to voltage across VOUT capacitor, the high-side resistor of the voltage divider should be connected to the positive node of VOUT capacitor at the regulatioin point. The low-side resistor should be connected to the GND (analog ground of the device). The trace from these resistors to the VFB pin should be short and thin. Place on the component side and avoid via(s) between these resistors and the device. • Connect the overcurrent setting resistors from the TRIP pin to GND and make the connections as close as possible to the device. The trace from TRIP pin to resistor and from resistor to GND should avoid coupling to a high-voltage switching node. • Connect the frequency setting resistor from RF pin to GND, or to the PGOOD pin, and make the connections as close as possible to the device. The trace from the RF pin to the resistor and from the resistor to GND should avoid coupling to a high-voltage switching node. • Connect all GND (analog ground of the device) trace together and connect to power ground or ground plane with a single via or trace or through a 0-Ω resistor at a quiet point • Connections from gate drivers to the respective gate of the high-side or the low-side MOSFET should be as short as possible to reduce stray inductance. Use 0.65 mm (25 mils) or wider trace and via(s) of at least 0.5 mm (20 mils) diameter along this trace. • The PCB trace defined as switch node, which connects to source of high-side MOSFET, drain of low-side MOSFET and high-voltage side of the inductor, should be as short and wide as possible. • Connect the ripple injection VOUT signal (VOUT side of the C1 capacitor in Figure 18) from the terminal of ceramic output capacitor. The AC coupling capacitor (C7 in Figure 18 ) can be placed near the device. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s) :TPS53219A 19 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 31-Dec-2011 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) TPS53219ARGTR ACTIVE QFN RGT 16 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR TPS53219ARGTT ACTIVE QFN RGT 16 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Samples (Requires Login) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. 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Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 14-Jul-2012 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant TPS53219ARGTR QFN RGT 16 3000 330.0 12.4 3.3 3.3 1.1 8.0 12.0 Q2 TPS53219ARGTT QFN RGT 16 250 180.0 12.4 3.3 3.3 1.1 8.0 12.0 Q2 Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 14-Jul-2012 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) TPS53219ARGTR QFN RGT 16 3000 367.0 367.0 35.0 TPS53219ARGTT QFN RGT 16 250 210.0 185.0 35.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46C and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48B. 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