TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 D D D D D D D D Operational Amplifier High Output Drive . . . >300 mA Rail-To-Rail Output Unity-Gain Bandwidth . . . 2.7 MHz Slew Rate . . . 1.5 V/µs Supply Current . . . 700 µA/Per Channel Supply Voltage Range . . . 2.5 V to 6 V Specified Temperature Range: – TA = 0°C to 70°C . . . Commercial Grade – TA = –40°C to 125°C . . . Industrial Grade Universal OpAmp EVM + – TLV4112 D, DGN, OR P PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 1OUT 1IN – 1IN + GND description 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 VDD 2OUT 2IN – 2IN+ The TLV411x single supply operational amplifiers provide output currents in excess of 300 mA at 5 V. This enables standard pin-out amplifiers to be used as high current buffers or in coil driver applications. The TLV4110 and TLV4113 comes with a shutdown feature. The TLV411x is available in the ultra small MSOP PowerPAD package, which offers the exceptional thermal impedance required for amplifiers delivering high current levels. All TLV411x devices are offered in PDIP, SOIC (single and dual) and MSOP PowerPAD (dual). FAMILY PACKAGE TABLE PACKAGE TYPES NUMBER OF CHANNELS MSOP PDIP SOIC TLV4110 1 8 8 8 Yes TLV4111 1 8 8 8 — TLV4112 2 8 8 8 — TLV4113 2 10 14 14 Yes DEVICE SHUTDOWN HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT Refer to the EVM Selection Guide (Lit# SLOU060) LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT 3.0 1.0 2.9 VOL – Low-Level Output Voltage – V V OH – High-Level Output Voltage – V UNIVERSAL EVM BOARD VDD = 3 V 2.8 2.7 TA = 125°C TA = –40°C 2.6 2.5 TA = 0°C 2.4 TA = 25°C 2.3 TA = 70°C 2.2 2.1 2.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 IOH – High-Level Output Current – mA VDD = 3 V 0.9 0.8 TA = 70°C 0.7 TA = 25°C TA = 0°C TA = –40°C TA = 125°C 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 IOL – Low-Level Output Current – mA Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments. Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 TLV4110 AND TLV4111 AVAILABLE OPTIONS PACKAGED DEVICES TA MSOP SMALL OUTLINE (D)†‡ 0°C to 70°C – 40°C to 125°C SMALL OUTLINE (DGN)† SYMBOL PLASTIC DIP (P) TLV4110CD TLV4110CDGN xxTIAHL TLV4110CP TLV4111CD TLV4111CDGN xxTIAHN TLV4111CP TLV4110ID TLV4110IDGN xxTIAHM TLV4110IP TLV4111ID TLV4111IDGN xxTIAHO TLV4111IP † This package is available taped and reeled. To order this packaging option, add an R suffix to the part number (e.g., TLV4110CDR). ‡ In the SOIC package, the maximum RMS output power is thermally limited to 350 mW; 700 mW peaks can be driven, as long as the RMS value is less than 350 mW. TLV4112 AND TLV4113 AVAILABLE OPTIONS PACKAGED DEVICES MSOP TA SMALL OUTLINE (D)†‡ TLV4112CD 0°C to 70°C – 40°C to 125°C PLASTIC DIP (P) SMALL OUTLINE (DGN)† SYMBOL SMALL OUTLINE (DGQ)† SYMBOL TLV4112DGN xxTIAHP — — TLV4112CP TLV4113CD — — TLV4113CDGN xxTIAHR TLV4113CN TLV4112ID TLV4112IDGN xxTIAHQ — — TLV4112IP TLV4113ID — — TLV4113IDGN xxTIAHS TLV4113IN † This package is available taped and reeled. To order this packaging option, add an R suffix to the part number (e.g., TLV4112CDR). ‡ In the SOIC package, the maximum RMS output power is thermally limited to 350 mW; 700 mW peaks can be driven, as long as the RMS value is less than 350 mW. TLV411x PACKAGE PINOUTS TLV4110 D, DGN OR P PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) NC IN – IN + GND 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 TLV4111 D, DGN OR P PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) SHDN NC VDD OUT NC IN – IN + GND 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 NC VDD OUT NC 1 2 3 4 5 10 9 8 7 6 1OUT 1IN – 1IN + GND 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 (TOP VIEW) VDD+ 2OUT 2IN – 2IN+ 2SHDN 1OUT 1IN – 1IN+ GND NC 1SHDN NC NC – No internal connection 2 1 TLV4113 D OR N PACKAGE TLV4113 DGQ PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 1OUT 1IN – 1IN+ GND 1SHDN TLV4112 D, DGN, OR P PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 14 2 13 3 12 4 11 5 10 6 9 7 8 VDD 2OUT 2IN – 2IN+ NC 2SHDN NC VDD 2OUT 2IN – 2IN+ TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)† Supply voltage, VDD (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 V Differential input voltage, VID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± VDD Input voltage range, VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± VDD Output current, IO (see Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 mA Continuous /RMS output current, IO (each output of amplifier): TJ ≤ 105°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 mA TJ ≤ 150°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 mA Peak output current, IO (each output of amplifier: TJ ≤ 105°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 mA TJ ≤ 150°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 mA Continuous total power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Dissipation Rating Table Operating free-air temperature range, TA: C suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0°C to 70°C I suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 40°C to 125°C Maximum junction temperature, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 65°C to 150°C Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are with respect to GND. 2. To prevent permanent damage the die temperature must not exceed the maximum junction temperature. DISSIPATION RATING TABLE PACKAGE θJC (°C/W) θJA (°C/W) TA ≤ 25°C POWER RATING TA = 125°C POWER RATING D (8) 38.3 176 710 mW 142 mW D (14) 26.9 122.3 1022 mW 204.4 mW DGN (8)‡ DGQ (10)‡ 4.7 52.7 2.37 W 474.4 mW 4.7 52.3 2.39 W 478 mW P (8) 41 104 1200 mW 240.4 mW N (14) 32 78 1600 mW 320.5 mW ‡ See The Texas Instruments document, PowerPAD Thermally Enhanced Package Application Report (literature number SLMA002), for more information on the PowerPAD package. The thermal data was measured on a PCB layout based on the information in the section entitled Texas Instruments Recommended Board for PowerPAD on page 33 of the before mentioned document. recommended operating conditions Supply voltage, VDD Common-mode input voltage range, VICR C-suffix Operating free-air free air temperature, temperature TA I-suffix V(on) VDD = 3 V VDD = 5 V V(off) VDD = 3 V VDD = 5 V Shutdown turn on/off voltage level§ MIN MAX 2.5 6 UNIT V 0 V 0 VDD–1.5 70 –40 125 °C 2.1 3.8 0.9 V 1.65 § Relative to GND POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 3 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 electrical characteristics at recommend operating conditions, VDD = 3 V and 5 V (unless otherwise noted) dc performance PARAMETER VIO Input offset voltage αVIO Offset voltage draft CMRR Common mode rejection ratio Common-mode TEST CONDITIONS VIC = VDD/2, /2 RL = 100 Ω Ω, VO = VDD/2 , RS = 50 Ω VDD = 3 V, RS = 50 Ω VDD = 5 V, RS = 50 Ω VDD = 3 V,, VO(PP)=0 to 1V AVD Large-signal g g differential voltage g amplification VDD = 5 V,, VO(PP)=0 to 3V TA† 25°C MIN TYP MAX 175 3500 Full range 4000 25°C 3 VIC = 0 to 2 V, 25°C 63 VIC = 0 to 4 V, 25°C 68 RL=100 Ω RL=10 kΩ RL=100 Ω RL=10 kΩ UNITS µV µV/°C dB 25°C 78 Full range 67 25°C 85 Full range 75 25°C 88 Full range 75 25°C 90 Full range 85 84 100 dB 94 110 † Full range is 0°C to 70°C for C suffix and – 40°C to 125°C for I suffix. If not specified, full range is –40°C to 125°C. input characteristics PARAMETER IIO Input offset current TEST CONDITIONS VIC = VDD/2 TLV411xC TLV411xI TA† 25°C MIN Input bias current ri(d) Differential input resistance /2 VO = VDD/2, RS = 50 Ω TLV411xC TLV411xI 25°C POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 0.3 25 UNITS 50 250 0.3 50 pA 100 Full range CIC Common-mode input capacitance f = 100 Hz 25°C † Full range is 0°C to 70°C for C suffix and – 40°C to 125°C for I suffix. If not specified, full range is –40°C to 125°C. 4 MAX Full range 25°C IIB TYP 500 1000 GΩ 5 pF TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, VDD = 3 V and 5 V (unless otherwise noted) (continued) output characteristics PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS IOH = –10 10 mA VDD = 3 V V, VIC = VDD/2 IOH =–100 = 100 mA VOH 10 mA IOH = –10 High-level output voltage VDD = 5 V, VIC = VDD/2 IOH = –100 100 mA IOH = –200 mA IOL = 10 mA VDD = 3 V and 5 V,, VIC = VDD/2 VOL IOL = 100 mA Low-level output voltage TA† 25°C MIN TYP 2.7 2.97 Full range 2.7 25°C 2.6 Full range 2.6 25°C 4.7 Full range 4.7 25°C 4.6 Full range 4.6 25°C 4.45 –40°C to 85°C 4.35 25°C IO Output current‡ IOS Short circuit output current‡ Short-circuit IOL = 200 mA Measured at 0.5 0 5 V from rail VDD = 3 V VDD = 5 V Sourcing 4.96 4.76 V 4.6 0.03 0.1 0.1 25°C 0.33 Full range 0.4 0.55 0.38 –40°C to 85°C V 0.6 0.7 ±220 25°C mA ±320 800 25°C Sinking UNITS V 2.73 Full range 25°C VDD = 5 V, VIC = VDD/2 MAX mA 800 † Full range is 0°C to 70°C for C suffix and – 40°C to 125°C for I suffix. If not specified, full range is –40°C to 125°C. ‡ When driving output currents in excess of 200 mA, the MSOP PowerPAD package is required for thermal dissipation. power supply PARAMETER IDD PSRR TEST CONDITIONS Supply current (per channel) VO = VDD/2 Power supply rejection ratio (∆VDD / ∆VIO) TA 25°C MIN TYP MAX 700 1000 Full range VDD =2.7 to 3.3 V,, VIC = VDD/2 V No load,, VDD =4.5 to 5.5 V, VIC = VDD/2 V No load, 1500 25°C 70 Full range 65 25°C 70 UNITS µA 82 79 dB Full range 65 † Full range is 0°C to 70°C for C suffix and – 40°C to 125°C for I suffix. If not specified, full range is –40°C to 125°C. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 5 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, VDD = 3 V and 5 V (unless otherwise noted) (continued) dynamic performance PARAMETER GBWP SR φM Gain bandwidth product Slew rate at unity gain Phase margin RL=100 Ω CL=10 pF Vo(pp) = 2 V, RL = 100 Ω, Ω CL = 10 pF F RL = 100 Ω, Ω Gain margin ts TEST CONDITIONS VDD = 5 V CL = 10 pF V(STEP)pp = 1 V, AV = –1, CL = 10 pF, RL = 100 Ω Settling time VDD = 3 V TA† 25°C MIN TYP 25°C 0.8 1.57 Full range 0.55 25°C Full range MAX 2.7 1 UNITS MHz V/µs 1.57 0.7 66 25°C 16 0.1% dB 0.7 µs 25°C 0.01% 1.3 † Full range is 0°C to 70°C for C suffix and – 40°C to 125°C for I suffix. If not specified, full range is –40°C to 125°C. noise/distortion performance PARAMETER THD+N Total harmonic distortion plus noise Vn Equivalent input noise voltage In Equivalent input noise current TEST CONDITIONS VO(pp) = VDD/2 V, RL = 100 Ω, f = 100 Hz TA MIN AV = 1 AV = 10 AV = 100 f = 100 Hz TYP MAX UNITS 0.025 0.035 0.15 25°C 55 f = 10 kHz nV/√Hz 10 f = 1 kHz 0.31 fA/√Hz shutdown characteristics PARAMETER IDD(SHDN) TEST CONDITIONS Supply y current in shutdown mode (per ( channel)) (TLV4110, TLV4113) SHDN = 0 V TA† 25°C Full range MIN TYP MAX 3.4 10 15 UNITS µA t(ON) Amplifier turnon time‡ 1 RL = 100 Ω 25°C µs ‡ t(Off) Amplifier turnoff time 3.3 † Full range is 0°C to 70°C for C suffix and – 40°C to 125°C for I suffix. If not specified, full range is –40°C to 125°C. ‡ Disable time and enable time are defined as the interval between application of the logic signal to SHDN and the point at which the supply current has reached half its final value. 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table of Graphs FIGURE VIO CMRR Input offset voltage vs Common-mode input voltage Common-mode rejection ratio vs Frequency VOH VOL High-level output voltage vs High-level output current 4, 6 Low-level output voltage vs Low-level output current 5, 7 Zo IDD Output impedance vs Frequency Supply current vs Supply voltage 9 kSVR Supply voltage rejection ratio vs Frequency 10 AVD Differential voltage amplification and phase vs Frequency 11 Gain-bandwidth product vs Supply voltage 12 vs Supply voltage 13 vs Temperature 14 Total harmonic distortion+noise vs Frequency 15 Equivalent input voltage noise vs Frequency 16 Phase margin vs Capacitive load Voltage-follower signal pulse response vs Time 18, 19 Inverting large-signal pulse response vs Time 20, 21 Small-signal inverting pulse response vs Time 22 Crosstalk vs Frequency 23 SR Vn Slew rate Shutdown forward and reverse isolation Shutdown supply current 3 8 17 24 vs Free-air temperature Shutdown supply current/output voltage POST OFFICE BOX 655303 1, 2 25 26 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 7 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE vs COMMON-MODE INPUT VOLTAGE 6000 VDD = 3 V TA = 25°C 4000 V IO – Input Offset Voltage – µ V 2000 0 –2000 –4000 VDD = 5 V TA = 25°C 4000 2000 0 –2000 –4000 –6000 –0.2 0 –6000 –0.2 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 VICR – Common-Mode Input Voltage – V 0.4 1.0 1.6 2.2 2.8 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.2 Figure 1 VOL – Low-Level Output Voltage – V 2.7 TA = 125°C TA = –40°C TA = 0°C TA = 25°C 2.3 TA = 70°C 2.2 2.1 2.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 0.8 TA = 70°C 0.7 TA = 25°C 0.6 TA = 0°C TA = –40°C 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 300 TA = 125°C 0 50 Z o – Output Impedance – Ω VOL – Low-Level Output Voltage – V 0.8 TA = 70°C TA = 25°C TA = 0°C TA = –40°C TA = 125°C 0.3 0.2 100 150 200 250 10 k 100 k 1M 10 M VDD = 5 V 4.9 4.8 TA = 125°C 4.7 4.6 TA = –40°C 4.5 TA = 0°C 4.4 TA = 25°C 4.3 TA = 70°C 4.2 4.1 4.0 300 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 IOH – High-Level Output Current – mA Figure 6 SUPPLY CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1200 VDD = 3 & 5 V TA = 25°C AV = 1 VIN = VDD/2 V 10 A = 100 1 A = 10 TA = 125°C 1000 TA = 70°C 800 TA = 25°C 600 TA = 0°C TA = –40°C 400 200 0.1 A=1 0.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 IOL – Low-Level Output Current – mA Figure 7 8 1k HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT 100 VDD = 5 V 0.4 40 100 OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs FREQUENCY 1.0 0.5 50 Figure 5 LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT 0.6 60 IOL – Low-Level Output Current – mA Figure 4 0.7 70 5.0 VDD = 3 V 0.9 IOH – High-Level Output Current – mA 0.9 80 Figure 3 I DD – Supply Current – µ A V OH – High-Level Output Voltage – V 2.8 2.4 90 f – Frequency – Hz 1.0 VDD = 3 V 2.5 100 LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT 3.0 2.6 VDD = 3 V TA = 25°C 110 Figure 2 HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT 2.9 120 VICR – Common-Mode Input Voltage – V V OH – High-Level Output Voltage – V V IO – Input Offset Voltage – µ V 6000 COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY CMRR – Common-Mode Rejection Ratio – dB INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE vs COMMON-MODE INPUT VOLTAGE 300 0.10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M f – Frequency – Hz Figure 8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 0 0 1 2 3 4 VDD – Supply Voltage – V Figure 9 5 6 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION AND PHASE vs FREQUENCY PSRR – Power Supply Rejection Ratio – V 100 VDD = 3 & 5 V RF = 1 kΩ RI = 100 Ω VIN = 0 V TA = 25°C 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 100 1k 10 k 100 k 1M 10 M 120 135 100 PHASE 80 90 60 40 0 –20 VDD = 3 & 5 V RL = 100 kΩ CL = 10 pF TA = 25°C –40 100 1k 3.5 1.75 2.5 2.0 TA = 25°C RL = 100 Ω CL = 10 pF f = 1 kHz AV =open loop 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 1.50 SR – Slew Rate – V/ µ s 3.0 SR+ SR– 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 1.50 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 VDD – Supply Voltage – V Figure 12 1.25 SR– 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.00 –40 –25 –10 5 Figure 14 EQUIVALENT INPUT VOLTAGE NOISE vs FREQUENCY PHASE MARGIN vs CAPACITIVE LOAD 100 160 10 VDD = 5 V RL = 100 Ω VO(PP) = VDD/2 AV = 1, 10, & 100 Hz A = 100 0.1 A = 10 A=1 0.01 10 100 1k 10 k f – Frequency – Hz Figure 15 100 k VDD = 3 & 5 V TA = 25°C 90 VDD = 5 V 80 120 V n – Voltage Noise – nV/ 1 140 VDD = 3 V 100 80 60 40 RL = 100 70 RL = 600 RNULL = 20 60 50 RNULL = 20 40 30 RNULL = 0 20 20 0 10 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TA – Temperature – °C Figure 13 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION+NOISE vs FREQUENCY SR+ 0.25 0.00 5.5 VDD = 3 & 5 V AV = 1 RL = 100 Ω CL = 10 pF 1.75 1.25 VDD – Supply Voltage – V THD+N –Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise 2.00 AV = 1 RL = 100 Ω CL = 10 pF SR – Slew Rate – V/ µ s 2.00 2.5 –45 10 M SLEW RATE vs TEMPERATURE Phase Margin – ° Gain-Bandwidth Product – MHz SLEW RATE vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 4.0 0.0 1M Figure 11 GAIN-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 0.5 100 k f – Frequency – Hz Figure 10 1.0 0 10 k f – Frequency – Hz 1.5 45 GAIN 20 Phase Margin – ° A VD – Differential Voltage Amplification – dB POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY RNULL = 0 10 0 100 1k 10 k 100 k f – Frequency – Hz Figure 16 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 10 100 1k 10 k 100 k Capacitive Load – pF Figure 17 9 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 4 VIN 2 1 VO 0 4 VDD = 5 V AV = 1 RL = 100 Ω CL = 10 pF TA = 25°C 3 2 1 0 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2.6 VIN 2.55 VDD = 5 V AV = 1 RL = 100 Ω CL = 10 pF TA = 25°C VIN = 100 mV 2.5 2.45 2.55 VO 2.5 2.45 2.4 –0.2 0.0 0.2 t – TIME – µs 3 2 0 –1 –2 5 VIN 4 3 2 VO 1 0 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 V O – Output Voltage – V V I – Input Voltage – V V O – Output Voltage – V V I – Input Voltage – V INVERTING LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE VDD = 5 V AV = –1 RL = 100 Ω CL = 50 pF TA = 25°C VIN = 2.5 V 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 2 1 VDD = 5 V AV = –1 RL = 100 Ω CL = 50 pF TA = 25°C VIN = 2.5 V 0 –1 –2 5 VIN 4 3 2 VO 1 0 –1 0 1 2 3 4 Figure 20 SMALL-SIGNAL INVERTING PULSE RESPONSE CROSSTALK vs FREQUENCY 2.58 2.54 VIN –20 2.5 VDD = 5 V AV = –1 RL = 100 Ω CL = 50 pF TA = 25°C VIN = 2.5 V 2.46 2.42 2.54 VO 2.46 VDD = 3 & 5 V RL = 100 Ω All Channels –40 –60 VIN = 4 VPP –80 VIN = 2 VPP 2.42 0 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.0 t – TIME – µs –120 10 100 1k Figure 23 SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE I DD – Shutdown Supply Current – µ A 16 VIN = 0.1 VPP –100 –120 VIN = 2.5 VPP –140 14 12 VDD = 3 and 5 V VIN = VDD/2, No Load 10 8 6 4 2 0 –160 10 100 1k 10 k 100 k 1M 10 M f – Frequency – Hz –40 –25 –10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C Figure 25 Figure 24 10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 10 k f – Frequency – Hz Figure 22 VDD = 3 and 5 V, RL = 100 Ω, CL = 50 pF, AV = 1. TA = 25°C –80 8 –100 0 –60 7 2.5 SHUTDOWN FORWARD AND REVERSE ISOLATION –40 6 0 Figure 21 –20 5 t – TIME – µs Figure 19 t – TIME – µs Shutdown F/R Isolation – dB 1.4 3 t – TIME – µs Figure 18 1 0.4 Crosstalk – dB 3 V O – Output Voltage – V V I – Input Voltage – V 5 INVERTING LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE VOLTAGE-FOLLOWER SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE V O – Output Voltage – V V I – Input Voltage – V V O – Output Voltage – V V – Input Voltage – V I VOLTAGE-FOLLOWER LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 100 k TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS SHDN – Shutdown Pulse – V SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT / OUTPUT VOLTAGE 4 3 2 1 SD 0 I DD(SD) – Shutdown Supply Current –µ A V O – Output Voltage – V 2 VDD = 3 V AV = 1 RL = 100 Ω CL = 10 pF VIN = VDD/2 TA = 25° C 1.5 1 0.5 VO 0 0 2 IDD(SD) 4 6 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 t – Time – µs Figure 26 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION shutdown function Two members of the TLV411x family (TLV4110/3) have a shutdown terminal for conserving battery life in portable applications. When the shutdown terminal is tied low, the supply current is reduced to just nano amps per channel, the amplifier is disabled, and the outputs are placed in a high impedance mode. In order to save power in shutdown mode, an external pullup resistor is required, thererfore, to enable the amplifier the shutdown terminal must be pulled high. When the shutdown terminal is left floating, care should be taken to ensure that parasitic leakage current at the shutdown terminal does not inadvertently place the operational amplifier into shutdown. driving a capacitive load When the amplifier is configured in this manner, capacitive loading directly on the output will decrease the device’s phase margin leading to high frequency ringing or oscillations. Therefore, for capacitive loads of greater than 1 nF, it is recommended that a resistor be placed in series (RNULL) with the output of the amplifier, as shown in Figure 24. A maximum value of 20 Ω should work well for most applications. RF RG – Input RF RG RNULL Output + RL RNULL – Input Output + Snubber CLOAD RL CL C (a) (b) Figure 27. Driving a Capacitive Load offset voltage The output offset voltage, (VOO) is the sum of the input offset voltage (VIO) and both input bias currents (IIB) times the corresponding gains. The following schematic and formula can be used to calculate the output offset voltage: RF IIB– RG + – VI VO + RS ǒ ǒ ǓǓ ǒ ǒ ǓǓ IIB+ V OO + VIO 1 ) R R F G " IIB) RS 1 ) R R F G " IIB– RF Figure 28. Output Offset Voltage Model 12 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION Rnull _ + RL CL Figure 29 general power design considerations When driving heavy loads at high junction temperatures there is an increased probability of electromigration affecting the long term reliability of ICs. Therefore for this not to be an issue either D D the output current must be limited (at these high junction temperatures) or the junction temperature must be limited. The maximum continuous output current at a die temperature 150°C will be 1/3 of the current at 105°C. The junction temperature will be dependent on the ambient temperature around the IC, thermal impedance from the die to the ambient and power dissipated within the IC. TJ = TA + θJA × PDIS Where PDIS is the IC power dissipation and is equal to the output current multiplied by the voltage dropped across the output of the IC. θJA is the thermal impedance between the junction and the ambient temperature of the IC. TJ is the junction temperature. TA is the ambient temperature. Reducing one or more of these factors will result in a reduced die temperature. The 8-pin SOIC (small outline integrated circuit) has a thermal impedance from junction to ambient of 176°C/W. For this reason we recommend that the maximum power dissipation of the 8-pin SOIC package be limited to 350 mW, with peak dissipation of 700 mW as long as the RMS value is less than 350 mW. The use of the MSOP PowerPAD dramatically reduces the thermal impedance from junction to case. And with correct mounting, the reduced thermal impedance will greatly increase the IC’s permissible power dissipation and output current handling capability. For example, the power dissipation of the PowerPAD is increased to above 1 W. Sinusoidal and pulse-width modulated output signals will also increase the output current capability. The equivalent dc current is proportional to the square-root of the duty cycle: I DC(EQ) + ICont Ǹ(duty cycle) CURRENT DUTY CYCLE AT PEAK RATED CURRENT EQUIVALENT DC CURRENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF PEAK 100 100 70 84 50 71 Note that with an operational amplifier, a duty cycle of 70% would often result in the op amp sourcing current 70% of the time and sinking current 30%, therefore, the equivalent dc current would still be 0.84 times the continuous current rating at a particular junction temperature. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 13 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION general PowerPAD design considerations The TLV411x is available in a thermally-enhanced PowerPAD family of packages. These packages are constructed using a downset leadframe upon which the die is mounted [see Figure 27(a) and Figure 27(b)]. This arrangement results in the lead frame being exposed as a thermal pad on the underside of the package [see Figure 27(c)]. Because this thermal pad has direct thermal contact with the die, excellent thermal performance can be achieved by providing a good thermal path away from the thermal pad. The PowerPAD package allows for both assembly and thermal management in one manufacturing operation. During the surface-mount solder operation (when the leads are being soldered), the thermal pad can also be soldered to a copper area underneath the package. Through the use of thermal paths within this copper area, heat can be conducted away from the package into either a ground plane or other heat dissipating device. The PowerPAD package represents a breakthrough in combining the small area and ease of assembly of surface mount with the, heretofore, awkward mechanical methods of heatsinking. DIE Side View (a) Thermal Pad DIE End View (b) Bottom View (c) NOTE A: The thermal pad is electrically isolated from all terminals in the package. Figure 30. Views of Thermally Enhanced DGN Package Although there are many ways to properly heatsink the PowerPAD package, the following steps illustrate the recommended approach. Thermal Pad Area Single or Dual 68 mils x 70 mils) with 5 vias (Via diameter = 13 mils Figure 31. PowerPAD PCB Etch and Via Pattern 14 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION general PowerPAD design considerations (continued) 1. Prepare the PCB with a top side etch pattern as shown in Figure 28. There should be etch for the leads as well as etch for the thermal pad. 2. Place five holes (dual) or nine holes (quad) in the area of the thermal pad. These holes should be 13 mils in diameter. Keep them small so that solder wicking through the holes is not a problem during reflow. 3. Additional vias may be placed anywhere along the thermal plane outside of the thermal pad area. This helps dissipate the heat generated by the TLV411x IC. These additional vias may be larger than the 13-mil diameter vias directly under the thermal pad. They can be larger because they are not in the thermal pad area to be soldered so that wicking is not a problem. 4. Connect all holes to the internal ground plane. 5. When connecting these holes to the ground plane, do not use the typical web or spoke via connection methodology. Web connections have a high thermal resistance connection that is useful for slowing the heat transfer during soldering operations. This makes the soldering of vias that have plane connections easier. In this application, however, low thermal resistance is desired for the most efficient heat transfer. Therefore, the holes under the TLV411x PowerPAD package should make their connection to the internal ground plane with a complete connection around the entire circumference of the plated-through hole. 6. The top-side solder mask should leave the terminals of the package and the thermal pad area with its five holes (dual) or nine holes (quad) exposed. The bottom-side solder mask should cover the five or nine holes of the thermal pad area. This prevents solder from being pulled away from the thermal pad area during the reflow process. 7. Apply solder paste to the exposed thermal pad area and all of the IC terminals. 8. With these preparatory steps in place, the TLV411x IC is simply placed in position and run through the solder reflow operation as any standard surface-mount component. This results in a part that is properly installed. For a given θJA, the maximum power dissipation is shown in Figure 30 and is calculated by the following formula: P Where: + D ǒ Ǔ T –T MAX A q JA PD = Maximum power dissipation of TLV411x IC (watts) TMAX = Absolute maximum junction temperature (150°C) TA = Free-ambient air temperature (°C) θJA = θJC + θCA θJC = Thermal coefficient from junction to case θCA = Thermal coefficient from case to ambient air (°C/W) POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 15 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION general PowerPAD design considerations (continued) MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 4 TJ = 150°C Maximum Power Dissipation – W 3.5 3 2.5 2 DGN Package Low-K Test PCB θJA = 52.7°C/W PDIP Package Low-K Test PCB θJA = 104°C/W SOIC Package Low-K Test PCB θJA = 176°C/W 1.0 1 0.5 0 –55 –40 –25 –10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C NOTE A: Results are with no air flow and using JEDEC Standard Low-K test PCB. Figure 32. Maximum Power Dissipation vs Free-Air Temperature The next consideration is the package constraints. The two sources of heat within an amplifier are quiescent power and output power. The designer should never forget about the quiescent heat generated within the device, especially muti-amplifier devices. Because these devices have linear output stages (Class A-B), most of the heat dissipation is at low output voltages with high output currents. The other key factor when dealing with power dissipation is how the devices are mounted on the PCB. The PowerPAD devices are extremely useful for heat dissipation. But, the device should always be soldered to a copper plane to fully use the heat dissipation properties of the PowerPAD. The SOIC package, on the other hand, is highly dependent on how it is mounted on the PCB. As more trace and copper area is placed around the device, θJA decreases and the heat dissipation capability increases. The currents and voltages shown in these graphs are for the total package. For the dual or quad amplifier packages, the sum of the RMS output currents and voltages should be used to choose the proper package. 16 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 APPLICATION INFORMATION macromodel information Macromodel information provided was derived using Microsim Parts , the model generation software used with Microsim PSpice . The Boyle macromodel (see Note 3) and subcircuit in Figure 30 are generated using the TLV411x typical electrical and operating characteristics at TA = 25°C. Using this information, output simulations of the following key parameters can be generated to a tolerance of 20% (in most cases): D Maximum positive output voltage swing D Unity-gain frequency D Maximum negative output voltage swing D Common-mode rejection ratio D Slew rate D Phase margin D Quiescent power dissipation D DC output resistance D Input bias current D AC output resistance D Open-loop voltage amplification D Short-circuit output current limit NOTE 3: G. R. Boyle, B. M. Cohn, D. O. Pederson, and J. E. Solomon, “Macromodeling of Integrated Circuit Operational Amplifiers,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, SC-9, 353 (1974). 3 99 VDD + egnd rd1 rd2 rss ro2 css fb rp – c1 7 11 12 + c2 vlim 1 + r2 9 6 IN+ – vc D D 8 + – vb ga 2 G G – IN– ro1 gcm ioff 53 S S OUT dp 91 10 iss GND 4 + 54 90 vlp – ve dln + + dc – dlp 5 92 – hlim – vln + de * TLV4112_5V operational amplifier ”macromodel” subcircuit * updated using Model Editor release 9.1 on 01/18/00 at 15:50 Model Editor is an OrCAD product. * * connections: non–inverting input * | inverting input * | | positive power supply * | | | negative power supply * | | | | output * || | | | .subckt TLV4112_5V 12345 * c1 11 12 2.2439E–12 c2 6 7 10.000E–12 css 10 99 454.55E–15 dc 5 53 dy de 54 5 dy dlp 90 91 dx dln 92 90 dx dp 4 3 dx egnd 99 0 poly(2) (3,0) (4,0) 0 .5 .5 fb 7 99 poly(5) vb vc ve vlp vln 0 + 33.395E6 –1E3 1E3 33E6 –33E6 ga 6 0 11 12 168.39E–6 gcm 0 6 10 99 168.39E–12 iss hlim ioff j1 J2 r2 rd1 rd2 ro1 ro2 rp rss vb vc ve vlim vlp vln .model .model .model .model .ends *$ 10 90 0 11 12 6 3 3 8 7 3 10 9 3 54 7 91 0 dx dy jx1 jx2 4 dc 13.800E–6 0 vlim 1K 6 dc 75E–9 2 10 jx1 1 10 jx2 9 100.00E3 11 5.9386E3 12 5.9386E3 5 10 99 10 4 3.3333E3 99 14.493E6 0 dc 0 53 dc .86795 4 dc .86795 8 dc 0 0 dc 300 92 dc 300 D(Is=800.00E–18) D(Is=800.00E–18 Rs=1m Cjo=10p) NJF(Is=150.00E–12 Beta=2.0547E–3 +Vto=–1) NJF(Is=150.00E–12 Beta=2.0547E–3 + Vto=–1) Figure 33. Boyle Macromodel and Subcircuit PSpice and Parts are trademarks of MicroSim Corporation. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 17 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 MECHANICAL DATA D (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE 14 PIN SHOWN 0.050 (1,27) 0.020 (0,51) 0.014 (0,35) 14 0.010 (0,25) M 8 0.008 (0,20) NOM 0.244 (6,20) 0.228 (5,80) 0.157 (4,00) 0.150 (3,81) Gage Plane 0.010 (0,25) 1 7 0°– 8° A 0.044 (1,12) 0.016 (0,40) Seating Plane 0.069 (1,75) MAX 0.010 (0,25) 0.004 (0,10) 0.004 (0,10) PINS ** 8 14 A MAX 0.197 (5,00) 0.344 (8,75) A MIN 0.189 (4,80) 0.337 (8,55) DIM 4040047 / D 10/96 NOTES: A. B. C. D. 18 All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters). This drawing is subject to change without notice. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion, not to exceed 0.006 (0,15). Falls within JEDEC MS-012 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 MECHANICAL INFORMATION DGN (S-PDSO-G8) PowerPAD PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE 0,38 0,25 0,65 8 0,25 M 5 Thermal Pad (See Note D) 0,15 NOM 3,05 2,95 4,98 4,78 Gage Plane 0,25 1 0°– 6° 4 3,05 2,95 0,69 0,41 Seating Plane 1,07 MAX 0,15 0,05 0,10 4073271/A 04/98 NOTES: A. B. C. D. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Body dimensions include mold flash or protrusions. The package thermal performance may be enhanced by attaching an external heat sink to the thermal pad. This pad is electrically and thermally connected to the backside of the die and possibly selected leads. E. Falls within JEDEC MO-187 PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 19 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 MECHANICAL INFORMATION N (R-PDIP-T**) PLASTIC DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE 16 PIN SHOWN PINS ** DIM A 16 9 14 A MAX 0.775 (19,69) A MIN 0.745 (18,92) 0.260 (6,60) 0.240 (6,10) 1 8 0.070 (1,78) MAX 0.035 (0,89) MAX 0.310 (7,87) 0.290 (7,37) 0.020 (0,51) MIN 0.200 (5,08) MAX Seating Plane 0.125 (3,18) MIN 0.100 (2,54) 0.021 (0,53) 0.015 (0,38) 0.010 (0,25) M 0°– 15° 0.010 (0,25) NOM 14/18 PIN ONLY 4040049/C 08/95 NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters). B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. Falls within JEDEC MS-001 (20 pin package is shorter then MS-001.) 20 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLV4110, TLV4111, TLV4112, TLV4113 FAMILY OF HIGH OUTPUT DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS289B – DECEMBER 1999 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000 MECHANICAL INFORMATION P (R-PDIP-T8) PLASTIC DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE 0.400 (10,60) 0.355 (9,02) 8 5 0.260 (6,60) 0.240 (6,10) 1 4 0.070 (1,78) MAX 0.310 (7,87) 0.290 (7,37) 0.020 (0,51) MIN 0.200 (5,08) MAX Seating Plane 0.125 (3,18) MIN 0.100 (2,54) 0.021 (0,53) 0.015 (0,38) 0°– 15° 0.010 (0,25) M 0.010 (0,25) NOM 4040082 / B 03/95 NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters). B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. Falls within JEDEC MS-001 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 21 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. Customers are responsible for their applications using TI components. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used. TI’s publication of information regarding any third party’s products or services does not constitute TI’s approval, warranty or endorsement thereof. Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated