TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 D D D D D D D DGN PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) High Output Current Differential Drive . . . >200 mA Rail-To-Rail Output Unity-Gain Bandwidth . . . 2.4 MHz Slew Rate . . . 1.5 V/µs Supply Current . . . 1.4 mA Supply Voltage Range . . . 2.7 V to 5.5 V Specified Temperature Range: – TA = –40°C to 85°C . . . Industrial Grade SHDN VDD/2 IN+ IN– 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 VO – GND VDD VO + description The TLV4120 single supply operational differential amplifier provides a differential output current in excess of 200 mA at 5 V. This enables the amplifier to be used as high current line drivers, buffers, or coil driver applications. The TLV4120 has a shutdown feature that reduces the supply current down to 6 µA when the amplifier is not active in the application. The TLV4120 is available in the ultrasmall MSOP PowerPAD package, which offers the exceptional thermal impedance required for amplifiers delivering high current levels. AVAILABLE OPTIONS TA DEVICE NUMBER OF CHANNELS PACKAGE TYPES MSOP (DGN)† SYMBOL SHUTDOWN – 40°C to 85°C TLV4120 1 TLV4120IDGN xxTIAHU Yes † This package is available taped and reeled. To order this packaging option, add an R suffix to the part number (e.g., TLV4120IDGNR). functional block diagram VDD 6 4 IN – 3 IN+ 2 VDD/2 – A1 + VO+ 5 – A2 + VO– 8 7 GND 1 SHDN Bias Control Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments. Copyright 2001, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)† Supply voltage, VDD (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V Differential input voltage, VID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± VDD Input voltage range, VI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± VDD Output current,IO (see Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 mA Continuous /RMS output current, IO (each output of amplifier): TJ ≤ 105°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 mA TJ ≤ 150°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 mA Peak output current, IO (each output of amplifier: TJ ≤ 105°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 mA TJ ≤ 150°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 mA Continuous total power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Dissipation Rating Table Operating free-air temperature range, TA: I suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 40°C to 85°C Maximum junction temperature, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 65°C to 150°C Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are with respect to GND. 2. To prevent permanent damage the die temperature must not exceed the maximum junction temperature. DISSIPATION RATING TABLE PACKAGE θJC (°C/W) θJA (°C/W) TA ≤ 25°C POWER RATING TA = 85°C POWER RATING DGN (8)‡ 4.7 52.7 2.37 W 1.23 W ‡ See The Texas Instruments document, PowerPAD Thermally Enhanced Package Application Report (literature number SLMA002), for more information on the PowerPAD package. The thermal data was measured on a PCB layout based on the information in the section entitled Texas Instruments Recommended Board for PowerPAD on page 33 of the before mentioned document. recommended operating conditions Supply voltage, VDD Common-mode input voltage range, VICR Operating free-air temperature, TA MIN MAX 2.7 5.5 V VDD–0.5 85 °C 0.5 I-suffix –40 V(on) Shutdown turnon/off voltage level§ <VDD/3 >VDD×0.75 V(off) § Relative to GND 2 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 UNIT V V TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 electrical characteristics at recommend operating conditions, VDD = 2.7 V and 5 V (unless otherwise noted) dc performance PARAMETER VIO CMRR Input offset voltage Common mode rejection ratio Common-mode TEST CONDITIONS VIC = VDD/2 /2, VDD = 2.7 V,, RS = 50 Ω VDD = 5 V,, RS = 50 Ω AVD Large-signal g g differential voltage g amplification VDD = 2.7 V, VO(PP)=1 1V V, VIC = VDD/2 VDD = 5 V, VO(PP)=3 3V V, VIC = VDD/2 VO = VDD/2 , RS = 50 Ω VIC = 0.5 to 2.2 V,, VIC = 0.5 to 4.5 V,, RL=100 Ω TA† 25°C MIN TYP MAX 100 3000 Full range 4000 25°C 69 Full range 66 25°C 71 Full range 68 25°C 80 Full range 70 25°C 90 Full range 80 UNITS µV 95 dB 95 85 dB RL=100 Ω 95 † Full range is – 40°C to 85°C for I suffix. input characteristics PARAMETER IIO Input offset current IIB Input bias current ri(d) Differential input resistance CIC Common-mode input capacitance TEST CONDITIONS VIC = VDD/2 /2 VO = VDD/2, RS = 50 Ω TA† 25°C MIN TYP MAX 0.3 60 Full range 25°C UNITS 300 0.3 Full range 60 pA 300 25°C 1000 GΩ 25°C 5 pF VDD/2 biasing resistors 25°C 500 kΩ Amplifier A2’s gain resistors 25°C 20 kΩ f = 100 Hz † Full range is – 40°C to 85°C for I suffix. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 3 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, VDD = 2.7 V and 5 V (unless otherwise noted) (continued) output characteristics PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS IOH = –10 10 mA VDD = 2 2.7 7V V, VIC = VDD/2 IOH =–100 = 100 mA VOH High level output voltage High-level 10 mA IOH = –10 VDD = 5 V V, VIC = VDD/2 IOH = –100 100 mA 200 mA IOH = –200 IOL = 10 mA VDD = 2.7 2 7 V , VIC = VDD/2 IOL = 100 mA VOL Low level output voltage Low–level IOL = 10 mA VDD = 5 V V, VIC = VDD/2 IOL = 100 mA IOL = 200 mA IO Output current Measured at 0.5 0 5 V from rail VDD = 2.7 V VDD = 5 V TA† 25°C MIN TYP 2.6 2.67 Full range 2.58 25°C 2.35 Full range 2.3 25°C 4.9 Full range 4.88 25°C 4.7 Full range 4.65 25°C 4.45 Full range 4.38 25°C MAX UNITS 2.4 4.96 V 4.8 4.55 0.03 Full range 0.1 0.12 25°C 0.3 Full range 0.4 0.5 25°C 0.03 Full range 0.1 0.12 25°C 0.2 Full range V 0.3 0.35 25°C 0.5 Full range 0.55 0.62 320 25°C mA 200 † Full range is– 40°C to 85°C for I suffix. power supply PARAMETER IDD PSRR TEST CONDITIONS Supply current VO = VDD/2 /2, SHDN = <Vdd/3 V Power supply rejection ratio (∆VDD / ∆VIO) VDD =2.7 to 3.3 V,, VIC = VDD/2 V, No load VDD =2.7 to 5 V, VIC = VDD/2 V, No load † Full range is – 40°C to 85°C for I suffix. 4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TA 25°C MIN TYP MAX 1.4 1.7 Full range 2.3 25°C 80 Full range 75 25°C 70 Full range 65 UNITS mA 94 84 dB TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, VDD = 2.7 V and 5 V (unless otherwise noted) (continued) dynamic performance PARAMETER GBWP SR φM TA† 25°C MIN TYP 25°C 0.75 1.48 Full range 0.5 25°C 0.9 Full range 0.65 TEST CONDITIONS RL=100 Ω Gain bandwidth product CL=10 pF Vo(pp) = VDD/2, RL = 100 Ω Ω, CL = 50 pF F Slew rate at unity gain Phase margin RL = 100 Ω Ω, Gain margin Vn Input noise voltage † Full range is – 40°C to 85°C for I suffix. VDD = 2 2.7 7V VDD = 5 V CL = 10 pF UNITS 2.4 MHz V/µs 1.57 60 25°C f = 10 kHz MAX 25°C 20 dB 10 nV/√Hz shutdown characteristics PARAMETER IDD(SHDN) TA† 25°C TEST CONDITIONS SHDN > Vdd × 0 0.75 75 Supply current in shutdown mode Full range MIN TYP MAX 6 12 50 UNITS µA † Full range is – 40°C to 85°C for I suffix. TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table of Graphs FIGURE VOH VOL High-level output voltage vs High-level output current 1, 3 Low-level output voltage vs Low-level output current 2, 4 ZO PO Output impedance vs Frequency 5 Output power vs Load resistance 6 IDD PSRR Supply current vs Supply voltage 7 Power supply rejection ratio vs Frequency 8 Avd Differential voltage amplification and phase vs Frequency 9 Phase margin vs Capacitive load 10 vs Free-air temperature 11 vs Supply voltage 12 Total harmonic distortion + noise vs Frequency 13 Inverting large-signal pulse response vs Time 14 Inverting small-signal pulse response vs Time 15 Shutdown supply current vs Free-air temperature 16 Shutdown supply current vs Supply voltage 17 Shutdown mode pulse response vs Time 18 Slew rate IDD(SHDN) IDD(SHDN) POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 5 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT 2.7 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 TA = 25°C TA = 0°C TA = –40°C 0.6 0.3 TA = 85°C 5.00 VO = Positive & Negative VDD = 2.7 V 2.4 2.1 TA = 85°C 1.8 TA = 25°C TA = 0°C TA = –40°C 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 4.50 50 100 4.00 3.50 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 IOH – High-Level Output Current – mA Figure 3 OUTPUT POWER vs LOAD RESISTANCE 800 1000 VO = Positive & Negative VDD = 5 V VDD = 2.7 V & 5 V TA = 25° C TA = 85°C TA = 25°C TA = 0°C TA = –40°C 0.4 0.3 0.2 10 AV = –10 1 0.1 THD+N = 1% f = 1 kHz 700 100 PO – Output Power – mW Z o – Output Impedance – Ω 0.8 0.5 150 OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs FREQUENCY 1.0 0.6 VO = Positive & Negative VDD = 5 V 3.25 Figure 2 LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOW-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT 0.7 TA = 25°C TA = 0°C TA = –40°C 3.75 IOL – Low-Level Output Current – mA Figure 1 0.9 TA = 85°C 4.25 3 0 IOH – High-Level Output Current – mA AV = –1 0.1 600 500 VDD = 5 V 400 300 VDD = 2.7 V 200 100 0 0 0.1 100 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 IOL – Low-Level Output Current – mA Figure 4 1k 10k 100k 1M f – Frequency – Hz I DD – Supply Current – mA TA = 25°C 1.2 TA = 0°C 1.0 TA = –40°C 0.8 0.6 VIC = Bypass voltage 1 µF Cap on bypass AV= 1 RL = Open 0.2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 16 48 56 24 32 40 RL – Load Resistance – Ω Figure 6 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 PSRR – Power Supply Rejection Ratio – dB TA = 85°C 0.4 8 POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY 1.6 1.4 0 10M Figure 5 SUPPLY CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 VDD = 2.7 V & 5 V, AV = –10, RL = 100 Ω, CL = 50 pF, TA = 25°C 10 0 –10 –20 0.01 VDD – Supply Voltage – V 0.1 1 10 Figure 8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 100 f – Frequency – Hz Figure 7 6 4.75 0 0 VOL – Low-Level Output Voltage – V V OH – High-Level Output Voltage – V VO = Positive & Negative VDD = 2.7 V 2.4 VOL – Low-Level Output Voltage – V V OH – High-Level Output Voltage – V 2.7 HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs HIGH-LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1k 10 k 64 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS PHASE MARGIN vs CAPACITIVE LOAD 80 180 80 70 150 70 60 120 50 90 40 60 30 30 10 0 –10 1k 0 VDD = 2.7 V & 5 V, AV = Open Loop, RL = 100 Ω, CL = 10 pF, TA = 25°C 10 k Phase Margin – ° 20 60 Phase – ° 30 VDD = 2.7 V & 5 V, RL = 100 Ω, R null = 0, TA = 25°C 10 –60 0 10 –90 10 M 1M 40 20 –30 100 k 50 100 SLEW RATE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE SLEW RATE vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 2 1.75 1.75 SR+ 1.50 SR – Slew Rate – V/µs SR – Slew Rate – V/µs SR+ SR– 1.25 1 0.75 VDD = 2.7 V & 5 V AV = 1 RL= 100 Ω CL = 50 pF VO = 1 VPP VI = 1.5 / 3 VPP 0.50 0.25 0 –40 1.50 SR– 1.25 1 0.75 AV = 1 RL =100 Ω CL = 50 pF VI = 1.5 VPP 0.50 0.25 0 –15 10 35 60 85 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 VDD – Supply Voltage – V TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C Figure 11 5 Figure 12 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY INVERTING LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE vs TIME 5 100 VI VDD = 2.7 V & 5 V, RL = 100 Ω, CL = 50 pF Both Channels 10 V O – Output Voltage – V THD + N – Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise – dB 5k Figure 10 Figure 9 2 1k CL – Capacitive Load – pF f – Frequency – Hz AV = 10 1 AV = 1 0.1 0.01 10 100 1k 10 k 4 3 VDD = 5 V RL =100 Ω CL = 50 pF AV = –1 TA = 25°C 5 2 1 0 V I – Input Voltage – V A VD – Differential Voltage Amplification – dB DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION AND PHASE vs FREQUENCY 4 VO+ 3 2 VO– 1 0 0 100 k 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 t – Time – µs f – Frequency – Hz Figure 13 Figure 14 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 7 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS INVERTING SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE vs TIME VDD = 5 V RL = 100 Ω CL = 50 pF AV = –1 TA = 25°C 0 –0.05 I DD(SD) – Shutdown Supply Current – µ A –0.10 2.55 2.50 VO– 2.45 VO+ 2.40 0 VIN = Bypass Voltage (VDD/2) 1 µF Cap on Bypass AV = 1 RL = Open Shutdown = VDD 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 VDD = 5 V 0.5 0.0 VDD = 2.7 V –0.5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 –1 –40 t – Time – µs –15 10 35 60 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C Figure 15 Figure 16 SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN MODE PULSE RESPONSE vs TIME 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 SD in V O – Output Voltage – V I DD(SD) – Shutdown Supply Current – µ A 1.0 0.5 TA = 85°C 0.4 0.3 0.2 TA = 25°C 0.1 0.0 TA = –40°C –0.1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 3 1 0 VO+ and VO– –1 5.5 0 Figure 17 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 VDD = 5 V RL = 100 Ω CL = 10 pF AV = 1 VI = VDD/2 TA = 25°C 2 VDD – Supply Voltage – V 8 85 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 t – Time – µs Figure 18 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 6 4 2 0 SD – Shutdown Pulse – V V O – Output Voltage – V 0.05 4.0 V I – Input Voltage – V 0.10 VI SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION differential output drive The TLV4120 is two amplifiers arranged to produce high output current differential drive. The first amplifier, A1, is an operational amplifier, with both inputs uncommitted. This enables the first amplifier to be configured as an inverting amplifier, a noninverting amplifier, or even a difference amplifier. The second amplifier, A2, is internally configured as an inverting amplifier and biased about VDD/2. VDD 6 VDD VDD/2 4 IN – 3 IN+ 2 VDD/2 VO+ 5 – A1 + RL – A2 VO– 8 + 7 GND 1 SHDN Bias Control Figure 19 This approach makes a simple solution to single-ended to differential drive or even differential to differential drive. When using the TLV4120 to drive heavy differential loads, care must be taken not to saturate the output of the first amplifier, as the second amplifier will produce a mirror image (about VDD/2) of the first amplifier’s output. This can lead to asymmetrical differential output swings. This differential output drive configuration is ideal for low frequency high current drive applications, such as line drivers, driving LVDTs. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION Figure 20 shows the TLV4120 amplifier driving both ends of the load. There are several potential benefits to this differential drive configuration but initially consider power to the load. The differential drive to the load means that as one side is slewing up, the other side is slewing down, and vice versa. This doubles the voltage swing on the load as compared to a ground-referenced load, quadrupling the power delivered to the load. VDD VO(PP) 2x VO(PP) VDD –VO(PP) –1 Figure 20. Bridge-Tied Load Configuration component selection RF VDD 6 VDD/2 CS VIN RS 4 IN – CPS VO+ 5 – A1 3 IN+ 2 VDD/2 + RL CB – A2 VO– 8 + 7 GND 1 = Off 0 = On 1 SHDN Bias Control Figure 21. Driving a Capacitive Load 10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 VO TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION gain setting resistors, RF and RS ǒǓ ǒ Ǔ The differential gain for the TLV4120, with A1 configured as an inverter, is set by resistors RF and RS using the following equation: DiffGain + –2 R R F S The differential gain for the TLV4120, with A1 in a noninverting configuration, is set by resistors RF and RS using the following equation: DiffGain +2 1 ) RRF S Differential drive operation brings about the factor 2 in the gain equation due to amplifier A2, configured as an inverter, mirroring the voltage swing across the load. Given that the TLV4120 is a MOS amplifier, the input impedance is very high; consequently input bias currents in most cases will not generally be a concern (see offset voltage application section). However, the noise in the circuit will increase as RF increases. Typical values for RF will range between 5 kΩ and 20 kΩ. Large values of feedback resistor, RF, at low gains can cause instability due to the pole caused by the input capacitance. This can be alleviated by either reducing the size of RF or by putting a small capacitor in parallel with RF. AC coupling capacitor, CS When the input to the TLV4120 will be ac coupled to the input source, a high pass filter is formed with a corner frequency equal to: fc + 2pR1 C S S The value of CS is important to consider as it directly affects the low frequency operation of the circuit. A further consideration for this capacitor is the leakage path from the input source through the input network (RS, CS) and the feedback resistor (RF ) to the load. This leakage current creates a dc-offset voltage at the input to the amplifier that reduces useful headroom, especially in high gain applications. For this reason, a low-leakage tantalum or ceramic capacitor is the best choice. When polarized capacitors are used, the positive side of the capacitor should face the amplifier input in most applications, as the dc level there is held at VDD/2, which is likely higher than the source dc level. It is important to confirm the capacitor polarity in the application. power supply decoupling, CPS The TLV4120 is a high-performance CMOS amplifier that requires adequate power supply decoupling to ensure stability and low total harmonic distortion (THD). Optimum decoupling is achieved by using two capacitors of different types that target different types of noise on the power supply leads. For higher frequency transients, spikes, or digital hash on the line, a good low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR) ceramic capacitor, typically 0.1 µF placed as close as possible to the device VDD lead works best. For filtering lower-frequency noise signals, a larger aluminum electrolytic capacitor of 10 µF or greater placed near the amplifier is recommended. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION VDD/2 bypass capacitor, CB The VDD/2 bypass capacitor, CB, is the most critical capacitor and serves several important functions. During start-up or recovery from shutdown mode, CB determines the rate at which the amplifier starts up. The second function is to reduce noise produced by the power supply caused by coupling into the output drive signal. This noise is from the mid-rail generation circuit internal to the amplifier, which appears as degraded PSRR and THD + N. The capacitor is fed from two internal 500-kΩ potential-dividing resistors. To keep the start-up bounce as low as possible, the relationship shown in equation 4 should be maintained. This ensures the input capacitor is fully charged before the bypass capacitor is fully charged and the amplifier starts up. ǒ 10 C B v WǓ ǒ 250 k 1 R F Ǔ ) RS C S As an example, consider a circuit where CB is 2.2 µF, CS is 0.47 µF, RF is 50 kΩ, and RS is 10 kΩ. Inserting these values into equation 4 produces the following: 18.2 ≤ 35.5 which satisfies the rule. For bypass capacitor, CB , 0.1-µF to 2.2-µF ceramic or tantalum low-ESR capacitors are recommended for the best stability and noise performance. using low-ESR capacitors Low-ESR capacitors are recommended. A real (as opposed to ideal) capacitor can be modeled simply as a resistor in series with an ideal capacitor. The voltage drop across this resistor minimizes the beneficial effects of the capacitor in the circuit. The lower the equivalent value of this resistance, the more the real capacitor behaves like an ideal capacitor. shutdown function The TLV4120 has a shutdown terminal for conserving power in energy sensitive applications. When the shutdown terminal is pulled high the amplifier is disabled, placing the outputs into a high impedance state and reducing the supply current to the order of microamperes. To enable the amplifier, the shutdown terminal must be pulled low. If open drain logic is used, pull-up resistors must be employed to ensure proper and known shutdown status. It is not recommended that the shutdown input is left to float, as the device could inadvertently shutdown. 12 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION driving a capacitive load When the amplifier is used to drive heavy capacitive loads, the device’s phase margin will be reduced which could lead to high frequency ringing or oscillations. The TLV4120’s high current drive capability reduces this possibility. However, for capacitive loads of greater than 1 nF, it is suggested that a resistor be placed in series (RNULL ) with the output of the amplifier as shown in Figure 22 which should help reduce the ringing. RF CS RS – A1 SHDN + RNULL CL RL CB – RNULL A2 + VDD/2 CL NOTE: RNULL will reduce the output drive capability of the TLV4120. Figure 22. Driving a Capacitive Load offset voltage The output offset voltage, (VOO) is the sum of: 1. The input offset voltage (VIO) multiplied by the noninverting gain 2. The noninverting input bias current (IIB) multiplied by the resistance on this node multiplied by the noninverting gain 3. The inverting bias current multiplied by the feedback resistor. RF IIB– RG – VI RBIAS/2 + VO IIB+ Figure 23. Output Offset Voltage Model POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 13 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION offset voltage (continued) The differential nature of the TLV4120 means that both amplifiers must be considered together to calculate the differential output offset voltage (VDOO) (see Figure 24). The VOO of amplifier A1 will be inverted by amplifier A2. This doubles A1’s VOO and has A2’s VOO added to it, yielding: V DOO + 2VIO1 ǒ ǒ ǓǓ 1 ) R R F S ǒ ǒ ǓǓ " IIB) 500k 1 ) R R F S " 2IIB– RF–2VIO2 " IIB) 500k " IIB–20k RF IIB– RS VIO – A1 + 20 kΩ IIB+ VDD 20 kΩ IIB– 500 kΩ VIO – A2 + 500 kΩ IIB+ Figure 24. TLV4120 Offset Voltage Model 14 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION general power design considerations When driving heavy loads at high junction temperatures there is an increased probability of electromigration affecting the long term reliability of ICs. Therefore for this not to be an issue: D D The output current must be limited (at these high junction temperatures) or The junction temperature must be limited. The maximum continuous output current at a die temperature of 150°C will be 1/3 of the current at 105°C. The junction temperature will be dependent on the ambient temperature around the IC, thermal impedance from the die to the ambient, and power dissipated within the IC. TJ = TA + θJA × PDIS Where: PDIS is the IC power dissipation and is equal to the output current multiplied by the voltage dropped across the output of the IC. θJA is the thermal impedance between the junction and the ambient temperature of the IC. TJ is the junction temperature. TA is the ambient temperature. Reducing one or more of these factors will result in a reduced die temperature. The use of the MSOP PowerPAD dramatically reduces the thermal impedance from junction to case. And with correct mounting, the reduced thermal impedance will greatly increase the IC’s permissible power dissipation and output current handling capability. For example, the power dissipation of the PowerPAD is increased to above 1 W. Sinusoidal and pulse-width modulated output signals will also increase the output current capability. The equivalent dc current is proportional to the square-root of the duty cycle: I DC(EQ) + ICont Ǹ(duty cycle) CURRENT DUTY CYCLE AT PEAK RATED CURRENT EQUIVALENT DC CURRENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF PEAK CURRENT 100 100 70 84 50 71 Note that with an operational amplifier, a duty cycle of 70% will often result in the op-amp sourcing current 70% of the time and sinking current 30%; therefore, the equivalent dc current will still be 0.84 times the continuous current rating at a particular junction temperature. The differential nature of the TLV4120 means that it will dissipate approximately four times the power of a single-ended amplifier driving a similar load referenced to mid rail. The TLV4120 will however be delivering four times the power to the load. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 15 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION general PowerPAD design considerations The TLV4120 is available in a thermally-enhanced PowerPAD package. This package is constructed using a downset leadframe upon which the die is mounted [see Figure 25(a) and Figure 25(b)]. This arrangement results in the lead frame being exposed as a thermal pad on the underside of the package [see Figure 25(c)]. Because this thermal pad has direct thermal contact with the die, excellent thermal performance can be achieved by providing a good thermal path away from the thermal pad. The PowerPAD package allows for both assembly and thermal management in one manufacturing operation. During the surface-mount solder operation (when the leads are being soldered), the thermal pad can also be soldered to a copper area underneath the package. Through the use of thermal paths within this copper area, heat can be conducted away from the package into either a ground plane or other heat dissipating device. The PowerPAD package represents a breakthrough in combining the small area and ease of assembly of surface mount with the, heretofore, awkward mechanical methods of heatsinking. DIE Side View (a) Thermal Pad DIE End View (b) Bottom View (c) NOTE A: The thermal pad is electrically isolated from all terminals in the package. Figure 25. Views of Thermally Enhanced DGN Package Although there are many ways to properly heatsink the PowerPAD package, the following steps illustrate the recommended approach. Thermal Pad Area Single or Dual 68 mils x 70 mils) with 5 vias (Via diameter = 13 mils Figure 26. PowerPAD PCB Etch and Via Pattern 16 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION general PowerPAD design considerations (continued) 1. Prepare the PCB with a top side etch pattern as shown in Figure 26. There should be etch for the leads as well as etch for the thermal pad. 2. Place five holes (dual) or nine holes (quad) in the area of the thermal pad. These holes should be 13 mils in diameter. Keep them small so that solder wicking through the holes is not a problem during reflow. 3. Additional vias may be placed anywhere along the thermal plane outside of the thermal pad area. This helps dissipate the heat generated by the TLV4120 IC. These additional vias may be larger than the 13-mil diameter vias directly under the thermal pad. They can be larger because they are not in the thermal pad area to be soldered so that wicking is not a problem. 4. Connect all holes to the internal ground plane. 5. When connecting these holes to the ground plane, do not use the typical web or spoke via connection methodology. Web connections have a high thermal resistance connection that is useful for slowing the heat transfer during soldering operations. This makes the soldering of vias that have plane connections easier. In this application, however, low thermal resistance is desired for the most efficient heat transfer. Therefore, the holes under the TLV4120 PowerPAD package should make their connection to the internal ground plane with a complete connection around the entire circumference of the plated-through hole. 6. The top-side solder mask should leave the terminals of the package and the thermal pad area with its five holes (dual) or nine holes (quad) exposed. The bottom-side solder mask should cover the five or nine holes of the thermal pad area. This prevents solder from being pulled away from the thermal pad area during the reflow process. 7. Apply solder paste to the exposed thermal pad area and all of the IC terminals. 8. With these preparatory steps in place, the TLV4120 IC is simply placed in position and run through the solder reflow operation as any standard surface-mount component. This results in a part that is properly installed. For a given θJA, the maximum power dissipation is shown in Figure 27 and is calculated by the following formula: P Where: + D ǒ Ǔ T –T MAX A q JA PD = Maximum power dissipation of TLV4120 IC (watts) TMAX = Absolute maximum junction temperature (150°C) TA = Free-ambient air temperature (°C) θJA = θJC + θCA θJC = Thermal coefficient from junction to case θCA = Thermal coefficient from case to ambient air (°C/W) POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 17 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION general PowerPAD design considerations (continued) MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 4 TJ = 150°C Maximum Power Dissipation – W 3.5 3 2.5 2 DGN Package Low-K Test PCB θJA = 52.7°C/W 1.0 1 0.5 0 –55 –40 –25 –10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C NOTE A: Results are with no air flow and using JEDEC Standard Low-K test PCB. Figure 27. Maximum Power Dissipation vs Free-Air Temperature The next consideration is the package constraints. The two sources of heat within an amplifier are quiescent power and output power. The designer should never forget about the quiescent heat generated within the device, especially multi-amplifier devices. Because these devices have linear output stages (Class A-B), most of the heat dissipation is at low output voltages with high output currents. The other key factor when dealing with power dissipation is how the devices are mounted on the PCB. The PowerPAD devices are extremely useful for heat dissipation. But, the device should always be soldered to a copper plane to fully use the heat dissipation properties of the PowerPAD. The SOIC package, on the other hand, is highly dependent on how it is mounted on the PCB. As more trace and copper area is placed around the device, θJA decreases and the heat dissipation capability increases. The currents and voltages shown in these graphs are for the total package. For the dual or quad amplifier packages, the sum of the RMS output currents and voltages should be used to choose the proper package. 18 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TLV4120 HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN SLOS310A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2001 MECHANICAL INFORMATION DGN (S-PDSO-G8) PowerPAD PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE 0,38 0,25 0,65 8 0,25 M 5 Thermal Pad (See Note D) 0,15 NOM 3,05 2,95 4,98 4,78 Gage Plane 0,25 1 0°– 6° 4 3,05 2,95 0,69 0,41 Seating Plane 1,07 MAX 0,15 0,05 0,10 4073271/A 04/98 NOTES: A. B. C. D. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Body dimensions include mold flash or protrusions. The package thermal performance may be enhanced by attaching an external heat sink to the thermal pad. This pad is electrically and thermally connected to the backside of the die and possibly selected leads. E. Falls within JEDEC MO-187 PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 19 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. 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