TPS5300 8,1 mm x 11 mm SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 MOBILE CPU POWER SUPPLY CONTROLLER FEATURES D Power Stage Input Voltage Range of 3 V to D D D D D D D D D D 28 V Single-Chip Dynamic Output Voltage Transition Solution Hysteretic Controller Provides Fast Transient Response Time and Reduced Output Capacitance Two Linear Regulator Controllers Regulating Clock and I/O Voltages Internal 2-A (Typ) Gate Drivers With Bootstrap Diode For Increased Efficiency 5-Bit Dynamic VID Active Droop Compensation Enables Tight Dynamic Regulation for Reduced Output Capacitance VGATE Terminal Provides Power-Good Signal for All Three Outputs Enable External Terminal (ENABLE_EXT) 32-Pin TSSOP PowerPAD Enhances Thermal Performance 1% Reference Voltage Accuracy technology. The TPS5300 provides a precise, programmable supply voltage to a mobile processor or other processor power applications. A ripple regulator provides the core voltage, while two linear regulator drivers regulate external NPN power transistors for the I/O and CLK voltages. A 5-bit voltage identification (VID) DAC allows programming for the ripple regulator voltage to values between 0.925 V to 1.275 V in 25-mV steps and 1.3 V to 2 V in 50-mV steps. Other voltage ranges and steps can be easily set. The fast transient response time and active voltage DROOP positioning reduce the number of output capacitors required to keep the output voltage within tight dynamic voltage regulation limits. The power saving mode (PSM) allows the user to select a single operating ramp or allows the controller to automatically switch to lower frequencies at low loads. The high-gain current sense differential amplifier allows the use of small-value sense resistors that minimize conduction losses. VI = 12 V APPLICATIONS D Intel Mobile CPUs With SpeedStep Technology D AMD Mobile CPUs With PowerNow! D D Technology DSP Processors Other One, Two, or Three Output Point-of-Load Applications DESCRIPTION The TPS5300 is a hysteretic synchronous-buck controller, with two on-chip linear regulator controllers, incorporating dynamic output voltage positioning Output Voltage Transient Load Response Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. Speed Step is a trademark of Intel Corp. PowerNow is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices Inc. PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments. Copyright 2001, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. www.ti.com 1 TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 description (continued) The TPS5300 includes high-side and low-side gate drivers rated at 2 A typical, that enable efficient operation at higher frequencies and drive larger or multiple power MOSFETs (such as 50-A output current applications). An adaptive dead-time circuit minimizes dead-time losses while preventing cross-conduction of high-side and low-side switches. All three outputs power up together as they track the same user programmable slowstart voltage. The enable external (ENABLE_EXT) terminal allows the TPS5300 to activate external switching controllers for additional system power requirements. The TPS5300 features VCC undervoltage lockout, output overvoltage protection, output undervoltage protection, and user-programmable overcurrent protection, and is packaged in a small 32-pin TSSOP PowerPAD package. pin assignments TSSOP PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) DRV_CLK VSENSE_CLK DT_SET ANAGND VSENSE_CORE SLOWST VREFB VHYST OCP DROOP IOUT PSM/LATCH IS– IS+ VGATE DRVGND 2 1 32 2 31 3 30 4 29 5 28 6 27 7 26 8 THERMAL 25 9 24 PAD 10 23 11 22 12 21 13 20 14 19 15 18 16 17 www.ti.com DRV_IO VSENSE_IO VBIAS ENABLE_EXT RAMP VID0 VID1 VID2 VID3 VID4 VR_ON BOOT TG PH VCC BG TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)† Supply voltage, VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 V Input voltage, VI: VBIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 V VR_ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V VID0, VID1, VID2, VID3, VID4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V PSM/LATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V IS–, IS+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V RAMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 V VSENSE_CORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V VSENSE_IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V VSENSE_CLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V All other input terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 V BOOT to DRVGND voltage (high-side driver on) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 V BOOT to PH voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 V BOOT to TG voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 V PH to DRVGND voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –1 V to 35 V ANAGND to DRVGND voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±1 V Output voltage, VO: VGATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V ENABLE_EXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V Continuous power dissipation, PD: Without PowerPad soldered, TA = 25°C, TJ = 125°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 W With PowerPad soldered, TC = 25°C, TJ = 125°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.25 W Operating junction temperature, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0°C to 125°C Storage temperature, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 65°C to 150°C Lead temperature, T(lead) (soldering, 10 seconds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DISSIPATION RATING TABLE PWP PowerPAD mounted PowerPAD unmounted TA < 25°C 3.58 W Derating Factor‡ 0.0358 W/°C TA = 70°C 1.96 W TA = 85°C 1.43 W 1.78 W 0.0178 W/°C 0.98 W 0.71 W JUNCTION-CASE THERMAL RESISTANCE TABLE Junction-case thermal resistance ‡ Test Board Conditions: 0.72 °C/W 1. Thickness: 0.062” 2. 3” x 3” (for packages < 27 mm long) 3. 4” x 4” (for packages > 27 mm long) 4. 2 oz. Copper traces located on the top of the board (0,071 mm thick ) 5. Copper areas located on the top and bottom of the PCB for soldering 6. Power and ground planes, 1 oz. Copper (0,036 mm thick) 7. Thermal vias, 0,33 mm diameter, 1,5 mm pitch 8. Thermal isolation of power plane For more information, refer to TI technical brief SLMA002. www.ti.com 3 VSENSE_CLK 2 DRV_IO 32 VSENSE_IO 31 ENABLE_EXT V_GATE 29 OCP 15 DROOP IOUT 9 11 10 Protection Circuitry Vss is dominant if Vss<Vref CLK VR_ON 22 UVLO Vss UVLO is HIGH if VR_ON > 2.5V and Vcc > 4.46V 13 Vref CLK x 25 Shutdown Vss is dominant if Vss<Vref IO PWRGD Vss OCP_OVP is HIGH if OCP Core > 300mV OCP_OVP or Vsense Core or Vsense IO or Vsense CLK > 1.15 of their Vref PWRGD is LOW if Vsense Core or Vsense IO or Vsense CLK > 0.93 of their Vref 14 30 BIAS www.ti.com Vcc Shutdown Clock and IO ShutdownB Q S Q R Drivers VCC(+5V) 18 UVP is HIGH if Vss > Vref CLK, and Vsense IO or Vsense CLK < 0.75 of their Vref UVP Regulator Latch disabled Vbatt 20 Regulator + VID1 26 17 Vss Vcc Bandgap 19 Vss is dominant if Vss<Vref Vref _ Controller VID0 27 16 Vref TG PH Vout BG DRVGND Vss and DAC Power Save VID4 23 3 7 DT_SET VREFB 8 VHYST 6 5 SLOWST Vcc (5V) BOOT 21 Core Voltage VID3 24 IS+ Vbias Vref IO VID2 25 IS– Hyst. Mode Set Control 12 VSENSE_CORE PSM/LATCH 4 28 RAMP ANAGND TPS5300 DRV_CLK 1 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 functional schematic 4 Vout IO: 1.5V Vin 3.3/5V Vout CLK: 2.5V Vin 3.3/5V TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 recommended operating conditions, 0 < TJ < 125°C (unless otherwise noted) Supply voltage, Vbatt Linear regulator supply voltage, VI(IO+CLK) Supply voltage range, VCC, VBIAS MIN NOM MAX 3 12.5 28 UNIT V 3 3.3 6 V 4.5 5 6 V dc and ac electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, 0 < TJ < 125°C, VIN = 3 V – 28 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Reference/Voltage Identification VIH(VID) VIL(VID) High-level input voltage, D0–D4 Current source pullup to VCC 2.25 V Low-level input voltage, D0–D4 1 V Cumulative Reference (see Note 1) 0.925 V ≤ Vref(core) ≤ 2 V, Hysteresis window = 30 mV (see Note 2) V(CUM_ACCRR) Initial accuracy ripple regulator 0.925 V ≤ Vref(core) ≤ 2 V, TJ = 25°C Hysteresis window = 30 mV –1.5% 1.5% –1% 1% –2.5% 2.5% Buffered Reference VO(VREFB) Output voltage, VREFB Hysteretic Comparator (core) tPHL(HC) Propagation delay time from (AC) VSENSE_CORE to TG or BG (excluding deadtime) tPHL(HC_ramp) I(VREFB) = 50 µA (see Note 2) 20-mV overdrive, pulse 0.925 V ≤ Vref ≤ 2 V (see Note 2) 220 Ramp circuit from 0 into 26 mV ramp (see Note 2) 220 250 ns ns Overcurrent Protection (core) Normal operation V(OCP) Trip point, point OCP 235 During dynamic VID change 300 365 mV 400 Overvoltage Protection (core, IO, CLK) V(OVP) Trip point, OVP Undervoltage Protection (IO, CLK) Upper threshold V(UVP) Trip point, UVP Bias UVLO (Resets fault latch) Lower threshold VIT(start_UVLO) VIT(stop_UVLO) Start threshold Vhys Hysteresis 115 119 75 3.3 VR_ON connected to GND and VI above UVLO start threshold %Vref %Vref 4.46 Stop threshold VBIAS quiescent current, I(ving1) 111 V V 500 mV 20 µA VR_ON UVLO (Resets fault latch) VIT(start_VR_ON) VIT(stop_VR_ON) Start threshold 2.5 Stop threshold 1.3 V V Vhys Hysteresis 475 mV NOTES: 1. Cumulative reference accuracy is the combined accuracy of the reference voltage and the input offset voltage of the hysteretic comparator. Cumulative accuracy equals to the average of the low-level and high-level thresholds of the hysteretic comparator. 2. Ensured by design, not production tested. www.ti.com 5 TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, 0 < TJ < 125°C, VIN = 3 V – 28 V (unless otherwise noted) (continued) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 10.4 13 15.6 µA Slowstart I(chg) Charge current (I(chg) = (I(REFB)/5) V(SS) = 0.5 V, I(VREFB) = 65 µA VREFB = 1.35 V, I(chg) = (I(VREFB)/5) I(dischg) Discharge current V(SS) = 1.35 V, Design for VIN(min) = 4.5 V 3 mA VGATE (CORE, IO, CLK) (PWRGD of three outputs with open drain output) V(VGATE) Undervoltage trip point (VSENSE_CORE, VSENSE_IO, and VSENSE_CLK) VIN and V(drv) above UVLO thresholds 85 90 95 VO(VGATE) Output saturation voltage IO = 2.5 mA Enable EXT (SHUTDOWN of IC with open-drain output. Use pullup resistor to 5 V or 3.3 V) 0.5 0.75 V VO(EN_EXT) Output saturation voltage DROOP Compensation 0.5 0.75 V IO = 2.5 mA Maximum output CMR 200 %Vref mV Propagation delay 15-mV to 150-mV swing, 0.925 V ≤ Vref ≤ 2 V, VCC = 5 V (see Note 2) Gain See Note 2 25 V/V VO(SO) Output systematic offset V(IS+) – V(IS–) = 1 mV, 1 mV input (see Note 2) 26 mV VO(RO) VOM Output random offset See Note 2 ±15 mV 1.75 V tPHL(HC) 200 500 ns Current Sensing G(CS) t(VDSRESP) Maximum output voltage swing Response time (measured from 50% of (V(IS+) – V(IS–)) to 50% of V(IOUT) V(IS–) = 0.925 V – 2 V, V(IS+) is pulsed from V(IS–) to (V(IS–) + 50 mV), VCC = 5 V (see Note 2) 500 ns 2.3 V PSM/LATCH Power Saving Mode (PSM Comparator) V(startINH) V(stopINH) PSM comparator start threshold Vhys(INH) V(PSMth1) Hysteresis V(PSMth2) V(PSMth3) V(PSMth4) Vhys(PSM) OCP voltage trip points for PSM R(tPSM3) 1.8 PSM ramp timing resistance V 100 OCP↑ mV 90 120 150 30 60 90 Hysteresis R(tPSM1) R(tPSM2) 2.1 PSM comparator stop threshold 10 mV mV PH to CT, PSM = GND, V(OCP) = 150 mV (see Note 3) 8 10 12 PH to CT, PSM = GND, V(OCP) = 85 mV (see Note 3) 16 20 24 PH to CT, PSM = GND, V(OCP) = 15 mV (see Note 3) 1 kΩ MΩ NOTES: 2. Ensured by design, not production tested. 3. The VBIAS voltage is required to be a quiet bias supply for the TPS5300 control logic. External noisy loads should use VCC instead of the VBIAS voltage. 6 www.ti.com TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, 0 < TJ < 125°C, VIN = 3 V – 28 V (see test circuits) (unless otherwise noted) (continued) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT PSM/LATCH Fault Latch Disable V(No_Latch/PSM) Disable latch threshold PSM enabled V(No_Latch) Disable latch threshold PSM disabled VBIAS + 0.7 V(Latch_enabled) Enable latch threshold Thermal Shutdown T(OTP) Over temperature trip point T(hyst) Hysteresis Dynamic VID Change (No current limit) Ι∆tSRC/SNK Voltage change timing current V ANAGND ANAGND – 0.7 V VBIAS V See Note 2 155 °C See Note 2 25 °C VCC = 5 V, V(ref1) = 1.35 V, DT_SET = 0.925 VSRC/VSNK 14 µA 1.2 2 A 1.2 3.3 A 1.4 2 A 1.3 3.3 A 2.5 Ω V(BOOT) – V(PH) = 4.5 V, V(TG) = 0.5 V 1.5 Ω VCC = 4.5 V, V(BG) = 4 V 2.5 Ω VCC = 4.5 V, V(BG) = 0.5 V 1.5 Ω Cl = 3.3 nF, V(BOOT) = 4.5 V, V(PH) = GND 10 ns Cl = 3 3.3 3 nF nF, VCC = 4.5 45V 10 ns Output Drivers (see Note 4) Duty cycle < 2%, tpw < 100 µs, V(BOOT) – V(PH) = 4.5 V, V(TG) – V(PH) = 0.5 V (src) IO(src_TG) IO(sink_TG) Peak output current (see Notes 2 and 4) IO(src_BG) Duty cycle < 2%, tpw < 100 µs, VCC = 4.5 V, V(BG) = 4 V (src) V(BOOT) – V(PH) = 4.5 V, V(TG) = 4 V IO(sink_BG) ro(src_TG) ro(sink_TG) ro(src_BG) Duty cycle < 2%, tpw < 100 µs, V(BOOT) – V(PH) = 4.5 V, V(TG) – V(PH) = 4 V (sink) Duty cycle < 2%, tpw < 100 µs, VCC = 4.5 V, V(BG) = 0.5 V (src) Out ut resistance (see Output Note 4) ro(sink_BG) tf(TG) TG fall time (AC) (see Note 5) tr(TG) TG rise time (AC) (see Note 5) tf(BG) BG fall time (AC) (see Note 5) tr(BG) BG rise time (AC) (see Note 5) High-Side Driver Quiescent Current IQ(highdrq1) Highdrive (TG) quiescent current VR_ON grounded, or VCC below UVLO threshold; V(BOOT) = 5 V, PH grounded (see Note 2) 2 µA NOTES: 2. Ensured by design, not production tested. 4. The pulldown (sink) circuit of the high-side driver is a MOSFET transistor referenced to DRVGND. The driver circuits are bipolar and MOSFET transistors in parallel. The peak output current rating is the combined current rating from the bipolar and MOSFET transistors. The output resistance is the rds(on) of the MOSFET transistor when the voltage on the driver output is less than the saturation voltage of the bipolar transistor. 5. Rise and fall times are measured from 10% to 90% of pulsed values. www.ti.com 7 TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, 0 < TJ < 125°C, VIN = 3 V – 28 V (see test circuits) (unless otherwise noted) (continued) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Adaptive Deadtime Circuit VIH(TG) VIL(TG) TG – PH High-level input voltage VIH(BG) VIL(BG) BG High-level input voltage t(NUL) TG – PH Low-level input voltage BG Low-level input voltage Driver nonoverlap time (AC) V(IS–) = 0.925 V – 2 V (see Note 2) V(IS–) = 0.925 V – 2 V (see Note 2) 2.4 V(IS–) = 0.925 V – 2 V (see Note 2) V(IS–) = 0.925 V – 2 V (see Note 2) 3 V 1.33 V V CBG = 9 nF, 10% threshold on BG, VCC = 5 V (see Note 2) 1.7 V 50 ns Linear Regulator OUTPUT DRIVERs (IO, CLK) (see Note 4) IO(src_LDODR_IO) Peak out output ut current linear regula regulator driver IO IO(sink_LDODR_IO) VCC = 5 V, VSENSE_IO = 0.9 × V(REF_IO) (see Note 2) 134 mA VCC = 5 V, VSENSE_IO = 1.1 × V(REF_IO) (see Note 2) 14 µA V(CUM_ACC_IO) Initial accuracy IO condition: closed loop; linear regulator VCC = 5 V, Vref = 1.5 V, IO = 134 mA V(CC_Line_Reg_IO) VIN line regulation IO 5.5 V ≥ VCC ≥ 4.5 V, 3 V ≤ VIN (IO) ≤ 6 V, (see Note 2) IO(src_LDODR_CLK) Peak out output ut current regulator, drivdriv er CLK IO(sink_LDODR_CLK) –1.7% 1.7% 5 mV VCC = 5 V, VSENSE_IO = 0.9 × VO(REF_IO) (see Note 2) 10 mA VCC = 5 V, VSENSE_IO = 1.1 × VO(REF_IO) (see Note 2) 14 µA V(CUM_ACCCLK) Initial accuracy CLK condition: closed loop VCC = 5 V, Vref = 2.5 V, IO = 10 mA VCC(LineReg_CLK) Line regulation CLK 5.5 V ≥ VCC ≥ 4.5 V, 3 V ≤ VIN (CLK) ≤ 6 V, (see Note 2) –1.55% 1.55% 5 mV NOTES: 2. Ensured by design, not production tested. 4. The pulldown (sink) circuit of the high-side driver is a MOSFET transistor referenced to DRVGND. The driver circuits are bipolar and MOSFET transistors in parallel. The peak output current rating is the combined current rating from the bipolar and MOSFET transistors. The output resistance is the rds(on) of the MOSFET transistor when the voltage on the driver output is less than the saturation voltage of the bipolar transistor. 8 www.ti.com TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 Terminal Functions TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION ANAGND 4 Analog ground BG 17 O Bottom gate drive. BG is an output drive to the low-side synchronous rectifier FET. BOOT 21 I Bootstrap. Connect a 1-µF low-ESR ceramic capacitor to PH to generate a floating drive for the high-side FET driver. DROOP 10 I DRV_CLK 1 O Active voltage droop position voltage. DROOP is a voltage input used to set the amount of output-voltage, set-point droop as a function of load current. The amount of droop compensation is set with a resistor divider between IOUT and ANAGND. A voltage divider from VO to VSENSE_CORE sets the no-load offset. CLK voltage regulator. DRV_CLK drives an external NPN bipolar power transistor for regulating CLK voltage to VREF_CLK. DRVGND 16 DRV_IO 32 O Drives an external NPN bipolar power transistor for regulating IO voltage to VREF_IO. DT_SET 3 I DT_SET sets the transition time for speed step output voltage positioning. Attach a capacitor from DT_SET to ground to program time. ENABLE_EXT 29 O Open drain output. ENABLE_EXT enables the external converters when the internal enable signal is high (good), and disables when there is a fault with any regulator (OVP, UVP, OCPrr), VR_ON UVLO is low, or the VBIAS UVLO is low. Can be connected to the enable terminal of an external linear regulator or switching controller. A pullup resistor is required to set the desired voltage rail. IS– 13 I Current sense negative Kelvin connection. Connect to the node between the current sense resistor and the output capacitors. Keep the PCB trace short and route trace next to the IS+ trace to help reduce loop inductance noise pickup and cancel common mode noise through mutual coupling. IS+ 14 I Current sense positive Kelvin connection. Connect to the node between the output inductor and the current sense resistor. Keep the PCB trace short and route trace next to the IS-trace to help reduce loop inductance noise and cancel common mode noise through mutual coupling. IOUT 11 O Current sense differential amplifier output. The voltage on IOUT equals 25 x (VI(+) – VI(–)) = 25 x (R(sense) x IL). OCP 9 I Overcurrent protection. Current limit trip point is set with a resistor divider between IOUT and ANAGND. The typical OCP trip point should be set at 1.30 × I(max). The OCP voltage also sets the PSM automatic trip points. PH 19 I/O Phase voltage node. PH is used for bootstrap low reference. PH connects to the junction of the high-side and low-side FET’s. PSM/LATCH 12 I PSM. Power saving mode boosts efficiency at low-load current by automatically decreasing the switching frequency toward the natural converter operating frequency. A logic low (<1.8) disables PSM, maintaining the higher switching frequency range set by ramp components. See Figure 1. RAMP 28 I/O Sets a ramp on the feedback signal to increase the switching frequency. Add a resistor from PH to RAMP and connect RAMP to VSENSE_CORE for a dc-coupled ramp. Add a capacitor from RAMP to VSENSE_CORE to set an ac-coupled ramp. SLOWST 6 I TG 20 O Slowstart (softstart). A capacitor from SLOWST to GND sets the slowstart time for the ripple regulator and the two linear regulators. The three converters will ramp up together while tracking the output voltage. A current equal to I(VREFB)/5 charges the capacitor. Top gate drive. TG is an output drive to the high-side power switching FET’s. It is also used in the anticross-conduction circuit to eliminate shoot-through current. VBIAS 30 I VCC 18 VGATE 15 Drive ground. Ground for FET drivers. Connect to FET PWRGND LATCH. Allows disabling fault latch. Recommend enabling fault latch protection Analog VBIAS. It is recommended that at least a 1-µF capacitor be connected to ANAGND. Supply from VCC through RC filter Supply voltage. VCC is the supply voltage for the FET drivers. Add an external resistor/capacitor filter from VCC to VBIAS. It is recommended that a 1-µF capacitor be connected to the DRVGND terminal. O Logical and output of the combined core, IO, and CLK powergood. VGATE outputs a logic high when all (core, IO, CLK) output voltages are within 7% of the reference voltage. An open drain output allows setting to desired voltage level through a pullup resistor. www.ti.com 9 TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 Terminal Functions (Continued) TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION Ripple regulator hysteresis set terminal. The hysteresis is set with a resistor divider from VREFB to ANGND. The hysteresis voltage window will be ± the voltage between VREFB and VHYST. VHYST 8 I VID0 27 I VID1 26 I VID2 25 I VID3 24 I VID4 23 I VREFB 7 O Buffered ripple regulator reference voltage from VID network VR_ON 22 I Enables the drive signals to the MOSFET drivers. The comparator input can be used to monitor voltage, such as the linear regulators’ input supply using a resistor divider. VSENSE_CLK 2 I CLK feedback voltage sense. Connect to CLK linear regulator output voltage to regulate. VSENSE_CORE 5 I Feedback voltage sense input for the core. Connect to ripple regulator output voltage to sense and regulate output voltage. It is recommended that an RC low-pass filter be connected at this pin to filter high-frequency noise. VSENSE_IO 31 I I/O feedback voltage sense. Connect to I/O linear regulator output voltage to regulate. Voltage identification in inputs uts 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. These terminals are digital inputs in uts that set the output out ut voltage of the converter. The code pattern attern for setting the out output ut voltage is located in the terminal functions table. These terminals are internally pulled up to VBIAS. detailed description reference/voltage identification The reference /voltage programming (VP) section consists of a temperature-compensated, bandgap reference and a 5-bit voltage selection network. The five VID pins are inputs to the VID selection network and are TTL compatible inputs that are internally pulled up to VCC with pullup resistors. The internal reference voltage can be programmed from 0.925 V to 2 V with the VID pins. The VID codes are listed in Table 1. The output voltage of the VP network, Vref, is within ±1.5% of the nominal setting. The ±1.5% tolerance is over the full VP range of 0.925 V to 2 V, and includes a junction temperature range of 0°C to 125°C, and a VCC range of 4.5 V to 5.5 V. The output of the reference/VP network is indirectly brought out through a buffer to the VREFB pin. The voltage on this pin will be within ±5 mV of Vref. It is not recommended to drive loads with VREFB, other than setting the hysteresis of the hysteretic comparator, because the current drawn from VREFB sets the charging current for the slowstart capacitor. Refer to the slowstart section for additional information. 10 www.ti.com TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 detailed description (continued) Table 1. Voltage Programming Code VID PINS 0 = GROUND, 1 = FLOATING, OR PULLUP TO 5 V Vref VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 (Vdc) 1 1 1 1 1 No CPU – Off 1 1 1 1 0 0.925 1 1 1 0 1 0.950 1 1 1 0 0 0.975 1 1 0 1 1 1.000 1 1 0 1 0 1.025 1 1 0 0 1 1.050 1 1 0 0 0 1.075 1 0 1 1 1 1.100 1 0 1 1 0 1.125 1 0 1 0 1 1.150 1 0 1 0 0 1.175 1 0 0 1 1 1.200 1 0 0 1 0 1.225 1 0 0 0 1 1.250 1 0 0 0 0 1.275 0 1 1 1 1 No CPU – Off 0 1 1 1 0 1.300 0 1 1 0 1 1.350 0 1 1 0 0 1.400 0 1 0 1 1 1.450 0 1 0 1 0 1.500 0 1 0 0 1 1.550 0 1 0 0 0 1.600 0 0 1 1 1 1.650 0 0 1 1 0 1.700 0 0 1 0 1 1.750 0 0 1 0 0 1.800 0 0 0 1 1 1.850 0 0 0 1 0 1.900 0 0 0 0 1 1.950 0 0 0 0 0 2.000 NOTE: If the VID bits are set to 11111 or 01111, then the high-side and low-side driver outputs will be set low. www.ti.com 11 TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 detailed description (continued) dynamic VID change Dynamic VID change controls the rate of change of the programmed VID to allow transitioning within 100 µs, while controlling the dv/dt to avoid large input surge currents. VID could change with any input voltage, output voltage, or output current. A new change is ignored until the current transition is finished. Program the transition by adding a capacitor from DT_SET to ANAGND. C I + Dt DT_SET DV Dt + REF V 14 µA Dt *V REF2 REF1 hysteretic comparator The hysteretic comparator regulates the output voltage of the synchronous-buck converter. The hysteresis is set by two external resistors and is centered around VREFB. The two external resistors form a resistor divider from VREFB to ANAGND, and the divided down voltage connects to the VHYST terminal. The hysteresis of the comparator will be equal to twice the voltage that is across the VREFB and VHYST pins. The maximum hysteresis setting is 60 mV. ramp generator The ramp generator circuit is partially composed of the PSM circuit. An external resistor from PH to VSENSE_CORE superimposes a ramp (proportional to VI and VO) onto the feedback voltage. This allows increasing the operating frequency, and reduces frequency dependance on the output filter values. A capacitor can be used to provide ac-coupling. Also, connecting a resistor from VI to VSENSE_CORE allows feed forward to counteract any dc offsets due to the ramp generator or propagation delays limiting duty cycle. power saving mode/latch The power saving mode circuit reduces the operating frequency of the ripple regulator during light load. This helps boost the efficiency during light loads by reducing the switching losses. Care should be taken to not allow rms current losses to exceed the switching losses. A 2-bit binary weighted resistor ramp circuit allows setting four operating frequencies. The PSM/LATCH terminal allows disabling of the fault latch (see Table 2). This allows the user to troubleshoot or implement an external protection circuit. Table 2. PSM Program Modes Pin Voltage Function 1 < (ANAGND – 0.3 V) Disable PSM and disable fault latch 2 ANAGND to 1.8 V Disable PSM and enable fault latch 3 2.3 V to VBIAS Enable PSM and enable fault latch 4 > (VBIAS + 0.3 V) Enable PSM and disable fault latch active voltage DROOP positioning The droop compensation network reduces the load transient overshoot/undershoot on VO, relative to Vref. VO(max) is programmed to a voltage greater than Vref in the Application Information drawing by an external resistor divider from VO to the VSENSE_CORE pin to reduce the undershoot on VOUT during a low to high load transient. The overshoot during a high-to-low load transient is reduced by subtracting the voltage that is on the DROOP pin from Vref. The voltage on the IOUT pin is divided down with an external resistor divider, and connected to the DROOP pin. Thus, under loaded conditions, VO is regulated to VO(max) – V(DROOP). The continuous sensing of the inductor current allows a fast regulating voltage adjustment allowing higher transient repetition rates. 12 www.ti.com TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 detailed description (continued) low-side driver The low-side driver is designed to drive low rds(on), N-channel MOSFETs. The current of the driver is typically 2-A source and 3.3-A sink. The supply to the low-side driver is internally connected to VCC. high-side driver The high-side driver is designed to drive low rds(on) N-channel MOSFETs. The current of the driver is typically 2-A source and 3.3-A sink. The high-side driver is configured as a floating bootstrap driver. The internal bootstrap diode, connected between the DRV and BOOT pins, is a Schottky diode for improved drive efficiency. The maximum voltage that can be applied between the BOOT pin and ground is 35 V. deadtime control The deadtime control prevents shoot-through current from flowing through the main power FET’s during the switching transitions by actively controlling the turnon times of the MOSFET drivers. The high-side driver is not allowed to turn on until the gate drive voltage to the low-side FET is below 1.7 V. The low-side driver is not allowed to turn on until the gate drive voltage from the high-side FET to PH is below 1.3 V. current sensing Current sensing is achieved by sensing the voltage across a current-sense resistor placed in series between the output inductor and the output capacitors. The sensing network consists of a high bandwidth differential amplifier with a gain of 25x to allow using sense resistors with values as low as 1 mΩ. Sensing occurs at all times to allow having real-time information for quick response during an active voltage droop positioning transition. The voltage on the IOUT pin equals 25 times the sensed voltage. VR_ON The VR_ON terminal is a TTL compatible digital pin that is used to enable the controller. When VR_ON is low, the output drivers are low, the linear regulator drivers are off, and the slowstart capacitor is discharged. When VR_ON goes high, the short across the slowstart capacitor is released and normal converter operation begins. When the system logic supply is connected to the VR_ON pin, the VR_ON pin can control power sequencing by locking out controller operation until the system logic supply exceeds the input threshold voltage of the VR_ON circuit. Thus, VCC and the system logic supply (either 5 V or 3.3 V) must be above UVLO thresholds before the controller is allowed to start up. Likewise, a microprocessor or other external logic can also control the sequencing through VR_ON. VBIAS undervoltage lockout The VBIAS undervoltage-lockout circuit disables the controller, while VBIAS is below the 4.46-V start threshold during power up. The controller is disabled when VBIAS goes below 3.3 V. While the controller is disabled, the output drivers will be low and the slowstart capacitor will be shorted. When VBIAS exceeds the start threshold, the short across the slowstart capacitor is released and normal converter operation begins. IO linear regulator driver The IO linear regulator driver circuit drives a high power NPN external power transistor, allowing external power dissipation. The IO voltage is ramped up with the slowstart with the other two converters. Under voltage protection protects against hard shorts or extreme loading. The VSENSE_IO voltage is monitored by the VGATE (powergood) circuit. A fault or shutdown on any converter will shut down the linear regulator. CLK linear regulator driver The CLK linear regulator driver circuit drives a lower power NPN external power transistor, allowing external power dissipation. The CLK voltage is ramped up with the slowstart with the other two converters. Under voltage protection protects against hard shorts or extreme loading. The VSENSE_CLK voltage is monitored by the VGATE (powergood) circuit. A fault or shutdown on any converter will shut down the linear regulator. www.ti.com 13 TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 detailed description (continued) slowstart The slowstart circuit controls the rate at which VOUT powers up. A capacitor is connected between the SLOWST and ANAGND pins and is charged by an internal current source. The value of the current source is proportional to the reference voltage, so that the charging rate of C(SLOWST) is proportional to the reference voltage. By making the charging current proportional to Vref, the power up time for VO will be independent of Vref. Thus, C(SLOWST) can remain the same value for all VP settings. The slowstart charging current is determined by the following equation: I SLOWSTART + I(VREFB) (amps) 5 where, I(VREFB) is the current flowing out of the VREFB terminal. It is recommended that no additional loads be connected to VREFB, other than the resistor divider for setting the hysteresis voltage. Thus, these resistor values will determine the slowstart charging current. The maximum current that can be sourced by the VREFB circuit is 500 µA. The equation for setting the slowstart time is: tSLOWSTART = 5 × C(SLOWSTART) × R(VREFB) (seconds) where, R(VREFB) is the total external resistance from VREFB to ANAGND. VGATE The VGATE circuit monitors for an undervoltage condition on VO(VSENSE_CORE), VO(VSENSE_IO), and VO(VSENSE_CLK). If any VO is 7% below its reference voltage, or if any UVLO (Vcc, VR_ON) threshold is not reached, then the VGATE pin is pulled low. The VGATE terminal is an open drain output. overvoltage protection The overvoltage protection circuit monitors VO(VSENSE_CORE), VO(VSENSE_IO), and VO(VSENSE_CLK) for an overvoltage condition. If any VO is 15% above its reference voltage, then a fault latch is set, then both the ripple regulator output drivers and the linear regulator drivers are turned off. The latch will remain set until VBIAS goes below the undervoltage lockout value or until VR_ON is pulled low. overcurrent protection The overcurrent protection circuit monitors the current through the current sense resistor. The overcurrent threshold is adjustable with an external resistor divider between IOUT and ANAGND terminals, with the divider voltage connected to the OCP terminal. If the voltage on the OCP terminal exceeds 200 mV, then a fault latch is set and the output drivers (ripple regulator and linear regulators) are turned off. The latch remains set until VBIAS goes below the undervoltage lockout value or until VR_ON is pulled low. thermal shutdown Thermal shutdown disables the controller if the junction temperature exceeds the 165°C thermal shutdown trip point. The hysteresis is 10°C. 14 www.ti.com TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION Figure 1 is a standard application schematic. The circuit can be divided into the power-stage section and the control-circuit section. The power stage that includes the power FETs (Q1–Q3), input capacitor (C2), output filter (L1 and C3), and the current sense resistor (R1) must be tailored to the input/output requirements of the application. The design documentation and test results for different mobile CPU power supplies covering core current from 13 A and up to 40 A is available from the factory upon request or can be found in applications notes. The control circuit is basically the same for all applications with minor tweaking of specific values. The main waveforms are shown in Figure 2 through Figure 5. These waveforms include the following: D The output ripple and Vds voltage of the low-side FET in the whole input voltage range (see Figure 2). D The dynamic output voltage change between the performance and battery modes of operation (see Figure 3). D The transient response characteristics on the load current step up and down transitions (see Figure 4). D The typical start-up waveforms for core, clock and I/O voltages (see Figure 5). The waveforms confirm the excellent dynamic characteristics of the hysteretic controller. The modification, that includes an additional ramp signal superimposed to the input VSENSE_CORE internally and externally by circuits R17, R22, C13, and C10 makes the switching frequency independent of the output filter characteristics. It also decreases the comparator delay times by increasing efficiency overdrive. This approach is shown in Figure 6. www.ti.com 15 16 5V ANAGND GND +V batt 3V to 24V VID0 VID1 VID2 VID3 VID4 VR_ON Figure 1. Standard Application Circuit www.ti.com GND + 3.3 V J4 C5 1uF C2 5 x 10 uF, cer ., 35V V_GATE J3 J2 + R19 + 51.1 R8 5.11K C16 1uF C15 100uF 1uF C11 R17 51.1K 1uF C7 R5 1.50 R18 10.0K Q4 FZT849TA C14 47uF R4 4.7 IRF7811A Q1 Q2 IRF7811A 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 DRV_IO R22 J5 10K C9 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.1uF 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 GND R9 15K R14 100 R11 6.49K 4700pF C12 0.01uF C4 1.00K 0.003 R2 R1 + R15 20.0K R12 R10 + 47uF C17 power pad R13 150 1uF C18 200K R20 C8 0.1uF 2.00K 1K C6 0.01uF J6 J1 GND Output Vout 0.6V to 2V, 18A GND Vout GND Vout_CLK 2.5V, 70mA (150mA peak) R21 (see Note 2) 1000pF C10 R16 10.0K 6 x 100uF, 2V, Panasonic SP C3 Note: Ground planes are tied at Q5 FMMT489TA Vout_IO 1.5V, 160mA (3.5A peak) 0.1uF C13 DRV_CLK VSENSE_CLK DT_SET ANAGND VSENSE_CORE TPS5300DAP U1 VSENSE_IO BIAS ENABLE_EXT RAMP SLOWSTART VID0 HYST VREFB VID2 VID1 OCP DROOP IOUT PSM /LATCH VID3 VID4 VR_ON BOOT IS– TG VGATE DRVGND IS+ PWRPAD R3 D1 1.00K 30BQ040 PH 1.50 R6 VCC BG 2.74 R7 Q3 IRF7811A 1000pF C1 L1 1uH TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION NOTES: A. Contact factory or see application notes for documentation and test results of different mobile core regulator applications at the output current up to 40 A. B. R21 allows VID code voltage adjustment. TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION IO = 24 A VI = 22 V IO = 24 A VI = 6 V (a) NOTE: Channel 1 = drain source voltage (10 V/div), (b) Channel 2 = output voltage ripple (50 nV/div) Figure 2. Output Voltage Ripple and Low-Side FET Drain-Source Voltage IO = 10 A VI = 4.5 V NOTE: Channel 1 = input voltage ripple, Channel 2 = output voltage, Channel 3 = VGATE signal, Channel 4 = input current. Figure 3. Dynamic VID-Code Change Waveforms From 1.35 V to 1.6 V and Back www.ti.com 17 TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION VI = 12 V VI = 12 V NOTE: The load current (M3) has 10-A step with a slew rate of 30 A/µs. Channel 3 = drain source of low-side FET, and channel 4 = input current. NOTE: From bottom to top: VOUT IO, VOUT core, VOUT CLK, and the voltage of the slow-start capacitor. Figure 4. Output Voltage Transient Response (Channel 2) Figure 5. Start-Up Waveforms at 12 V Input Voltage and 10-A Load Current on the Switching Regulator VHC (VHI – VLO) – Hysteresis Window (VMAX – VMIN) – Overshoot Because of Delays VMAX VHI VREF VLO VMIN V(SENSE_CORE) Signal With Superimposed Ramp Output Ripple t Figure 6. Hysteretic Comparator Input Waveforms 18 www.ti.com TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 APPLICATION INFORMATION switching cycle and frequency calculation The switching cycle calculation is shown below. V Ts + I Cadd V O Hyst Radd (V * V I O) ) Tdel1 V I ) Tdel2 V O V I V *V I O where, VI = input voltage, VO = output voltage, Cadd = C10 and Radd = R22 + R17 in Figure 1, Hyst is the hysteresis window, Tdel1 and Tdel2 are the comparator and drive circuit delays when the high-side and low-side FETs turn on correspondingly. The switching frequency variation for the different input and output voltages is shown in Figure 7. In this case the parameters of equation above are the following: Radd = 49.9 kΩ, Cadd = 1060 pF, Tdel1 = 240 ns, Tdel2 = 250 ns, Hyst = 0.5% of VO. The lower-switching frequency at higher input voltages helps to keep low switching losses during the input voltage range. 1000 Switching Frequency – KHz 900 800 VO = 2 V 700 VO = 1.65 V 600 500 400 VO = 1.3 V 300 200 100 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 VI – Input Voltage – V 11 12 13 Figure 7. Theoretical (Solid) and Measured (Points) Switching Frequency output voltage The output voltage with a dc decoupling capacitor (C13) is defined below: V O +V ref ǒ1 ) R1 Ǔ R2 where, R1 = R13 and R2 = R16 (see Figure 1) additional literature An Analytical Comparison of Alternative Control Techniques for Powering Next-Generation Microprocessors, SEM–1400 TI/Unitrode Power Supply Design Seminar, Topic 1. www.ti.com 19 TPS5300 SLVS334A – DECEMBER 2000 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2001 MECHANICAL DATA DA (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE 38 PINS SHOWN 0,30 0,19 0,65 38 0,13 M 20 6,20 NOM 8,40 7,80 0,15 NOM Gage Plane 1 19 0,25 A 0°–ā8° 0,75 0,50 Seating Plane 0,15 0,05 1,20 MAX PINS ** 0,10 30 32 38 A MAX 11,10 11,10 12,60 A MIN 10,90 10,90 12,40 DIM 4040066 / D 11/98 NOTES: A. B. C. D. 20 All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion. 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