PD- 96922A iP2003 Synchronous Buck Multiphase Optimized LGA Power Block Integrated Power Semiconductors, Drivers & Passives Features: Full function multiphase building block Output current 40A continuous with no derating up to TPCB = 100°C and TCASE = 100°C Operating frequency up to 1.0 MHz Efficient dual sided cooling Small footprint low profile (11mm x 11mm x 2.2mm) package iP2003 Power Block Optimized for very low power losses LGA interface Ease of design Proprietary packaging enables ultra low Rthj-case top Description The iP2003 is a fully optimized solution for high current synchronous buck multiphase applications. Board space and design time are greatly reduced because most of the components required for each phase of a typical discrete-based multiphase circuit are integrated into a single 11mm x 11mm x 2.2mm power block. The only additional components required for a complete multiphase converter are a PWM IC, the external inductors, and the input and output capacitors. iPOWIR technology offers designers an innovative board space saving solution for applications requiring high power densities. iPOWIR technology eases design for applications where component integration offers benefits in performance and functionality. iPOWIR technology solutions are also optimized internally for layout, heat transfer and component selection. Pin # iP2003 Internal Block Diagram 1 VIN PRDY ENABLE PWM VDD SGND www.irf.com MOSFET Driver with dead time control VSW PGND 11/18/04 Pin Name Pin Function VDD Supply voltage for the internal circuitry. When set to logic level high, internal circuitry of the device is enabled. When set to logic level low, the PRDY pin is forced low, the Control and Sychronous switches are turned off, and the supply current is less than 10µA. 2 ENABLE 3 PWM TTL-level input signal to MOSFET drivers. 4 PRDY Power Ready - This pin indicates the status of ENABLE or VDD. This output will be driven low when ENABLE is logic low or when VDD is less than 4.4V (typ.). When ENABLE is logic high and VDD is greater than 4.4V (typ.), this output is driven high. This output has a 10mA source and 1mA sink capability. 5, 7 PGND 6 VSW 8 VIN Power Ground - connection to the ground of bulk and filter capacitors. Switching Node - connection to the output inductor. Input voltage for the DC-DC converter. 1 iP2003 All specifications @25°C (unless otherwise specified) Absolute Maximum Ratings: Symbol Parameter VIN VIN to PGND VDD VDD to PGND PWM to PGND Enable to PGND Output RMS Current Block Temperature PWM ENABLE IOUT Min -0.3 -0.3 - Typ - TBLK -40 - Recommended Operating Conditions: Parameter Min Symbol Supply Voltage Input Voltage Output Voltage Output Current Operating Frequency Operating Duty Cycle VDD VIN VOUT IOUT fsw D 4.6 3.0 0.8 300 - Conditions Max Units 16 V 6.0 V Not to exceed 6.0V VDD +0.3 V Not to exceed 6.0V VDD +0.3 V Measured at VSW 40 A Capable of start up over full 125 °C temperature range Typ Max Units 5.0 - 5.5 13.2 3.3 40 1000 85 V V V A kHz % Electrical Specifications @ VDD = 5V (unless otherwise specified): Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units PLOSS 9.4 11.7 W Block Power Loss c td(on) Turn On Delay d 63 ns td(off) Turn Off Delay d 26 VIN Quiescent Current IQ-VIN 1.0 mA VDD Quiescent Current IQ-VDD 10 µA UVLO Under-Voltage Lockout V Start Threshold 4.2 4.4 4.5 V START V 150 mV Hysteresis Hvs-UVLO Enable ENABLE VIH Input Voltage High 2.0 V VIL 0.8 Input Voltage Low Power Ready PRDY VOH Logic Level High 4.5 4.6 V V Logic Level Low 0.1 0.2 OL PWM Input PWM VOH Logic Level High 2.0 V VOL 0.8 Logic Level Low Conditions Conditions VIN=12V, VOUT=1.3V IOUT=40A, fSW=1MHz L = 0.3µH Enable = 0V, VIN=12V Enable = 0V, VDD=5V VDD=4.6V, ILoad=10mA VDD <UVLO Threshold, ILoad = 1mA Measurement were made using four 10uF (TDK C3225X5R1C106KT or equiv.) capacitors across the input (see Fig. 8). Not associated with the rise and fall times. Does not affect Power Loss (see Fig. 9). 2 www.irf.com iP2003 16 VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.3V 14 f sw 12 L Power Loss (W) = 1MHz T BLK = 125°C = 0.30µH 10 Maximum 8 Typical 6 4 2 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Output Current (A) Fig. 1: Power Loss vs. Current Case Temperature (°C) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 40 Safe Operating Area 36 Output Current (A) 32 28 Tx 24 20 16 VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.3V 12 8 f sw = 1MHz L = 0.30µH 4 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 PCB Temperature (°C) Fig. 2: Safe Operating Area (SOA) vs. TPCB & TCASE www.irf.com 3 iP2003 Typical Performance Curves 1.20 f sw = 1MHz 5 1.16 L = 0.3µH T BLK = 125°C 4 6 1.12 3 1.08 2 1.04 1 1.00 0 -1 0.96 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.16 4.0 1.12 3.0 1.08 2.0 VIN = 12V I OUT = 40A 1.04 f sw 1.00 -1.0 0.8 1.2 1.6 -1.0 -2.0 L = 0.30µH T BLK = 125°C -3.0 0.80 -4.0 0.75 -5.0 0.70 -6.0 0.65 -7.0 400 500 600 700 800 Power Loss (Normalized) 0.0 I OUT = 40A 300 2.8 3.2 3.6 VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.3V I OUT = 40A 1.04 f sw 1.0 = 1MHz T BLK = 125°C 1.02 1.5 0.5 1.00 0.0 0.98 -0.5 0.1 900 1000 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 Output Inductance (µH) Swiching Frequency (kHz) Fig. 5: Normalized Power Loss vs. Frequency Fig. 6: Normalized Power Loss vs. Inductance 80 Average IDD ( mA) 70 60 50 40 Does not include PRDY current T BLK = 25°C 30 20 250 500 750 1000 Switching Frequency (kHz) 4 Fig. 7: IDD (VDD current) vs. Frequency www.irf.com SOA Temp Adjustment (°C) Power Loss (Normalized) 1.06 SOA Temp Adjustment (°C) VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.3V 200 2.4 Fig. 4: Normalized Power Loss vs. VOUT 1.0 0.85 2.0 Output Voltage (V) 1.05 0.90 0.0 0.96 13 Fig. 3: Normalized Power Loss vs. VIN 0.95 = 1MHz L = 0.30µH T BLK = 125°C Input Voltage (V) 1.00 1.0 SOA Temp Adjustment (°C) 1.24 Power Loss (Normalized) 7 VOUT = 1.3V I OUT = 40A SOA Temp Adjustment (°C) Power Loss (Normalized) 1.28 iP2003 Applying the Safe Operating Area (SOA) Curve The SOA graph incorporates power loss and thermal resistance information in a way that allows one to solve for maximum current capability in a simplified graphical manner. It incorporates the ability to solve thermal problems where heat is drawn out through the printed circuit board and the top of the case. Case Temperature (ºC) Procedure 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 36 34 32 Output Current (A) 3) Draw a horizontal line from the intersection of the vertical line with the SOA curve to the Y-axis. The point at which the horizontal line meets the Y-axis is the SOA current. 20 42 40 38 1) Draw a line from Case Temp axis at TCASE to the PCB Temp axis at TPCB. 2) Draw a vertical line from the TX axis intercept to the SOA curve. 10 30 28 26 24 22 20 TX 18 16 14 Safe Operating Area VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.3V fSW = 1MHz L=0.3uH 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 PCB Temperature (ºC) Calculating Power Loss and SOA for Different Operating Conditions To calculate power loss for a given set of operating conditions, the following procedure should be followed: Determine the maximum current for each iP2003 and obtain the maximum power loss from Fig 1. Use the curves in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 to obtain normalized power loss values that match the operating conditions in the application. The maximum power loss under the operating conditions is then the product of the power loss from Fig. 1 and the normalized values. To calculate the SOA for a given set of operating conditions, the following procedure should be followed: Determine the maximum PCB temperature and Case temperature at the maximum operating current of each iP2003. Obtain the SOA temperature adjustments that match the operating conditions in the application from Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6. Then, add the sum of the SOA temperature adjustments to the Tx axis intercept in Fig 2. The example below explains how to calculate maximum power loss and SOA. Example: Operating Conditions Output Current = 40A Sw Freq= 900kHz Input Voltage = 10V Inductor = 0.2µH Output Voltage = 3.3V TPCB = 100°C, TCASE = 110°C Calculating Maximum Power Loss: (Fig. 1) (Fig. 3) (Fig. 4) (Fig. 5) (Fig. 6) Maximum power loss = 15W Normalized power loss for input voltage ≈ 0.98 Normalized power loss for output voltage ≈ 1.14 Normalized power loss for frequency ≈ 0.94 Normalized power loss for inductor value ≈ 1.013 Calculated Maximum Power Loss for given conditions = 15W x 0.98 x 1.14 x 0.94 x 1.013 ≈ 15.96W www.irf.com 5 iP2003 Calculating SOA Temperature: (Fig. (Fig. (Fig. (Fig. 3) 4) 5) 6) SOA Temperature Adjustment SOA Temperature Adjustment SOA Temperature Adjustment SOA Temperature Adjustment for for for for input voltage ≈ -0.5°C output voltage ≈ 3.3°C frequency ≈ -1.2°C inductor value ≈ 0.25°C TX axis intercept temp adjustment = - 0.5°C + 3.3°C - 1.2°C + 0.25°C ≈ 1.85°C Assuming TCASE = 110°C & TPCB = 100°C: The following example shows how the SOA current is adjusted for a TX increase of 1.85°C. Case Temperature (°C) Output Current (A) 0 10 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 TX Safe Operating Area VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.3V fSW = 1MHz L=0.3uH 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 PCB Temperature (ºC) PIN = VIN Average x IIN Average PDD = VDD Average x IDD Average POUT = VOUT Average x IOUT Average PLOSS = (PIN + PDD) - POUT Average Input Current (IIN) 90% A DC Average VDD Current (IDD) Average VDD Voltage (VDD) A V PRDY VIN ENABLE PWM VDD V PWM 10% Average Output Current (IOUT) VSW 90% A PGND DC iP2003 VSW Averaging Circuit V Fig. 8: Power Loss Test Circuit 6 Average Input Voltage (VIN ) Average Output Voltage (VOUT) 10% td(on) td(off) Fig. 9: Timing Diagram www.irf.com iP2003 PCB Layout Guidelines The PCB layout and bypassing issues have been addressed with the internal design of the iP2003. One of the most critical elements of proper PCB layout with iP2003 is the placement of the external input bypass capacitors and the routing of the connecting power tracks. The iPOWIR Block will function normally without any additional external input bypass capacitors. However, the addition of the external capacitors will improve the long term reliable operation of the block. It is recommended that the designer uses the following guidelines: 1. 2. 3. 4. The diagram below suggests the addition of the input bypass capacitors either on the top side of the PCB (capacitors C1-C4) or top and bottom side (C5, C6), if placement on the bottom side is feasible. Although there is a certain degree of bypassing inside the iP2003, these external capacitors must be placed as close to the iPOWIR device as possible. In the diagram below, observe the routing of the power tracks that connect the external bypass capacitors. Provide a mid-layer solid ground plane with connections to the top through vias. Refer to IR application note AN-1029 to determine the size of the vias and the copper weight and thickness when designing the PCB. www.irf.com 7 iP2003 4.8 [0.19] 2.0 [0.08] iP2003 0408 Fig 10: Maximum TCASE measurement location 0.15 [.006] C 2X 11.00 [.433] 6 NOT ES : A B ORIENT AT ION CORNER ID 11.00 [.433] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 DIMENS IONING & T OLERANCING PER AS ME Y14.5M-1994. DIMENS IONS ARE S HOWN IN MILLIMET ERS [INCHES ]. CONT ROLLING DIMENS ION: MILLIMET ER LAND DES IGNAT ION PER JES D MO 222, S PP-010. PRIMARY DAT UM C IS S EAT ING PLANE. 6 BILAT ERAL T OLERANCE ZONE IS APPLIED T O EACH S IDE OF T HE PACKAGE BODY. LAYOUT NOT ES : 1. LAND PAT T ERN ON US ER’S PCB S HOULD BE AN IDENT ICAL MIRROR IMAGE OF T HE PAT T ERN S HOWN IN T HE BOT T OM VIEW. 2. LANDS S HOULD BE S OLDER MAS K DEFINED. 0.15 [.006] C T OP VIEW 2X 6 2.31 [.0909] 2.13 [.0839] S IDE VIEW C L1 F1 5 L2 PRDY X 1.1430 e Y 2.1016 e1 (2),(3) X 1.1430 e2 Y 1.1016 X 1.1430 D1 D2 Y 1.2827 E1 7.1167 BSC X Y 1.778 5.334 E2 F1 7.289 BSC 1.4732 BSC X 5.715 Y F2 L1 1.348 BSC 0.3556 X 2.921 5.588 Y 3.048 L2 L3 0.345 0.332 X 5.588 2.032 (4) VSW PWM (1) PGND (5) E1 ENABLE D2 PGND E2 L3 VDD (6) (7) VIN (8) D1 Y 2.4384 3.8610 2.0193 3.023 BS C 5.945 BSC F2 BOT T OM VIEW Fig 11: Mechanical Drawing 8 www.irf.com iP2003 Refer to the following application notes for detailed guidelines and suggestions when implementing iPOWIR Technology products: AN-1030: Applying iPOWIR Products in Your Thermal Environment This paper explains how to use the Power Loss and SOA curves in the data sheet to validate if the operating conditions and thermal environment are within the Safe Operating Area of the iPOWIR product. AN-1047: Graphical solution for two branch heatsinking Safe Operating Area Detailed explanation of the dual axis SOA graph and how it is derived. AN-1028: Recommended Design, Integration and Rework Guidelines for International Rectifiers iPowIR Technology BGA and LGA Packages This paper discusses optimization of the layout design for mounting iPowIR BGA and LGA packages on printed circuit boards, accounting for thermal and electrical performance and assembly considerations . Topics discussed includes PCB layout placement, routing, and via interconnect suggestions, as well as soldering, pick and place, reflow, cleaning and reworking recommendations. IRDCiP2003 : Reference design for iP2003 Data and specifications subject to change without notice. IR WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 233 Kansas St., El Segundo, California 90245, USA Tel: (310) 252-7105 TAC Fax: (310) 252-7903 Visit us at www.irf.com for sales contact information.11/04 www.irf.com 9