TPA2017D2 www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 2.8-W/Ch Stereo Class-D Audio Amplifier with SmartGainTM Dynamic Range Compression and AGC FEATURES 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • Filter-Free Class-D Architecture 3 SmartGainTM functions – AGC DRC Function – AGC Limiter Function – AGC Noise Gate Function 1.7 W/Ch Into 8 Ω at 5 V (10% THD+N) 750 mW/Ch Into 8 Ω at 3.6 V (10% THD+N) 2.8 W/Ch Into 4 Ω at 5 V (10% THD+N) 1.5 W/Ch Into 4 Ω at 3.6 V (10% THD+N) Power Supply Range: 2.5 V to 5.5 V Low Supply Current: 3.5 mA Low Shutdown Current: 0.2 µA High PSRR: 75 dB at 217 Hz Fast Start-up Time: 5 ms Short-Circuit and Thermal Protection Space-Saving Package – 4 mm × 4 mm QFN (RTJ) APPLICATIONS • • • • • • • • Wireless or Cellular Handsets and PDAs Portable Navigation Devices Portable DVD Player Notebook PCs Portable Radio Portable Games Educational Toys USB Speakers DESCRIPTION The TPA2017D2 (sometimes referred to as TPA2017) is a stereo, filter-free Class-D audio power amplifier with SmartGainTM dynamic range compression (DRC), automatic gain control (AGC), and noise gate. It is available in a 4 mm x 4mm QFN package. SmartGainTM functions are configured to automatically prevent distortion of the audio signal and enhance quiet passages that are normally not heard. SmartGainTM is a combined AGC DRC and Limiter that protects the speaker from damage at high power levels and compress the dynamic range of voice or music to fit within the dynamic range of the speaker. SmartGainTM DRC, limiter, and noise gate functions can be enabled or disabled. The TPA2017D2 (TPA2017) is capable of driving 1.7 W/Ch at 4 V or 750mW/Ch at 3.6 V into 8 Ω load or 2.8 W/Ch at 5 V or 1.5 W/Ch at 3.6 V into 4 Ω. The device features an enable pin and also provides thermal and short circuit protection. In addition to these features, a fast start-up time and small package size make the TPA2017D2 (TPA2017) an ideal choice for Notebook PCs, PDAs and other portable applications. SIMPLIFIED APPLICATION DIAGRAM To Battery 10mF AVdd PVddL PVddR TPA2017D2 CIN 1mF (optional) INL- Analog Baseband or CODEC OUTL+ INL+ INRINR+ OUTLOUTR+ Digital BaseBand Enable1 Enable2 Master Shutdown AGC1 OUTR- AGC2 EN AGND PGND 1 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPA2017D2 SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM AGC1 Control Interface AGC2 EN IC enable Bias and References Interface & Control AVDD PVDDL CIN VoutL+ INL- Differential INL+ Input Left Volume Control Class-D Modulator Power Stage VoutL- 1 mF AGC Reference AGC PVDDR CIN VoutR + INR Differential INR+ Input Right Volume Control Class-D Modulator Power Stage VoutR - 1 mF AGND PGND AGC1 EN AGC2 DEVICE PINOUT RTJ (QFN) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 20 INL+ 16 1 15 INL- INR- AGND AVDD PVDDL PVDDR 5 11 2 PVDDR OUTR- PGND 10 OUTL- OUTL+ 6 OUTR+ PVDDL INR+ Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2017D2 TPA2017D2 www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 TERMINAL FUNCTIONS TERMINAL NAME I/O/P DESCRIPTION QFN INR+ 15 I Right channel positive audio input INR– 14 I Right channel negative audio input INL+ 1 I Left channel positive audio input INL– 2 I Left channel negative audio input EN 18 I Enable terminal (active high) AGC2 19 I AGC select function pin 2 AGC1 17 I AGC select function pin 1 OUTR+ 10 O Right channel positive differential output OUTR– 9 O Right channel negative differential output OUTL+ 6 O Left channel positive differential output OUTL– 7 O Left channel negative differential output AVDD 13 P Analog supply (must be the same as PVDDR and PVDDL) AGND 3 P Analog ground (all GND pins need to be connected) PVDDR 11, 12 P Right channel power supply (must be the same as AVDD and PVDDL) PGND 8 P Power ground (all GND pins need to be connected) PVDDL 4, 5 P Left channel power supply (must be the same as AVDD and PVDDR) ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted). VALUE / UNIT VDD Supply voltage Input voltage AVDD, PVDDR, PVDDL –0.3 V to 6 V INR+, INR–, INL+, INL– –0.3 V to VDD+0.3 V EN, AGC1, AGC2 –0.3 V to 6 V Continuous total power dissipation See Dissipation Ratings Table TA Operating free-air temperature range –40°C to 85°C TJ Operating junction temperature range –40°C to 150°C Tstg Storage temperature range –65°C to 150°C ESD Electro-Static Discharge Tolerance, all pins Human Body Model (HBM) 2 KV Charged Device Model (CDM) 500 V 3.6 Ω RLOAD Minimum load resistance (1) Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DISSIPATION RATINGS TABLE (1) (1) PACKAGE TA ≤ 25°C DERATING FACTOR TA = 70°C TA = 85°C 20-pin QFN 5.2 W 41.6 mW/°C 3.12 W 2.7 W Dissipations ratings are for a 2-side, 2-plane PCB. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2017D2 3 TPA2017D2 SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com AVAILABLE OPTIONS (1) (1) (2) TA PACKAGED DEVICES (2) –40°C to 85°C 20-pin, 4 mm × 4 mm QFN (RTJ) PART NUMBER SYMBOL TPA2017D2RTJR – TPA2017D2RTJT – For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI Web site at www.ti.com The RTJ packages are only available taped and reeled. The suffix R indicates a reel of 3000; the suffix T indicates a reel of 250. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS MIN MAX VDD Supply voltage AVDD, PVDDR, PVDDL 2.5 VIH High-level input voltage EN, AGC1, AGC2 1.3 VIL Low-level input voltage EN, AGC1, AGC2 TA Operating free-air temperature –40 5.5 UNIT V V 0.6 V 85 °C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS at TA = 25°C, VDD = 3.6 V, EN = 1.3 V, and RL = 8 Ω + 33 µH (unless otherwise noted). PARAMETER VDD ISD IDD TEST CONDITIONS Supply voltage range Shutdown quiescent current Supply current 2.5 5.5 0.1 1 EN = 0.35 V, VDD = 3.6 V 0.2 1 EN = 0.35 V, VDD = 5.5 V 0.3 1 VDD = 2.5 V 3.5 4.9 VDD = 3.6 V 3.7 5.1 VDD = 5.5 V 4.5 5.5 300 325 kHz 1 µA Class D Switching Frequency High-level input current VDD = 5.5 V, EN = 5.8 V IIL Low-level input current VDD = 5.5 V, EN = –0.3 V tSTART Start-up time 2.5 V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5 V no pop, CIN ≤ 1 µF 275 –1 2 Power on reset hysteresis CMRR Input common mode rejection Voo Output offset voltage VDD = 3.6 V, AV = 6 dB, RL = 8 Ω, inputs ac grounded ZO Output Impedance in shutdown mode EN = 0.35 V Gain accuracy Compression and limiter disabled, Gain = 0 to 30 dB Power supply rejection ratio VDD = 2.5 V to 4.7 V Submit Documentation Feedback –10 V µA mA µA 5 Power on reset ON threshold RL = 8 Ω, Vicm = 0.5 V and Vicm = VDD – 0.8 V, differential inputs shorted 4 UNIT 3.6 IIH PSRR TYP MAX EN = 0.35 V, VDD = 2.5 V fSW POR MIN ms 2.3 V 0.2 V –70 dB 0 10 2 –0.75 kΩ 0.75 –80 mV dB dB Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2017D2 TPA2017D2 www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS at TA = 25°C, VDD = 3.6V, EN = 1.3 V, RL = 8 Ω +33 µH, and AV = 6 dB (unless otherwise noted). PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS kSVR VDD = 3.6 Vdc with ac of 200 mVPP at 217 Hz power-supply ripple rejection ratio THD+N Nr Total harmonic distortion + noise Output integrated noise f Frequency response PO(max) η MIN Efficiency MAX –68 faud_in = 1 kHz; PO = 550 mW; VDD = 3.6 V 0.1% faud_in = 1 kHz; PO = 1 W; VDD = 5 V 0.1% faud_in = 1 kHz; PO = 630 mW; VDD = 3.6 V 1% faud_in = 1 kHz; PO = 1.4 W; VDD = 5 V 1% Av = 6 dB 44 Av = 6 dB floor, A-weighted 33 Av = 6 dB Maximum output power TYP 20 UNIT dB µV µV 20000 Hz THD+N = 10%, VDD = 5 V, RL = 4 Ω 2.8 W THD+N = 10%, VDD = 3.6 V, RL = 4 Ω 1.5 W THD+N = 10%, VDD = 5 V, RL = 8 Ω 1.4 W THD+N = 10% , VDD = 3.6 V, RL = 8 Ω 630 mW THD+N = 1%, VDD = 3.6 V, RL = 8 Ω, PO= 0.63 W 90% THD+N = 1%, VDD = 5 V, RL = 8 Ω, PO = 1.4 W 90% TEST SET-UP FOR GRAPHS TPA2017D2 CI + Measurement Output – IN+ OUT+ Load CI IN– VDD + OUT– 30 kHz Low-Pass Filter + Measurement Input – GND 1 mF VDD – (1) All measurements were taken with a 1-µF CI (unless otherwise noted.) (2) A 33-µH inductor was placed in series with the load resistor to emulate a small speaker for efficiency measurements. (3) The 30-kHz low-pass filter is required, even if the analyzer has an internal low-pass filter. An RC low-pass filter (1 kΩ 4.7 nF) is used on each output for the data sheet graphs. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2017D2 5 TPA2017D2 SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS with C(DECOUPLE) = 1 µF, CI = 1 µF, AGC1 = AGC2 = 0 V. All THD + N graphs are taken with outputs out of phase (unless otherwise noted). All data is taken on left channel. Table of Graphs FIGURE Quiescent supply current vs Supply voltage Figure 1 Output Level vs Input Level Figure 2 Output power vs Supply voltage Figure 3 Total harmonic distortion + noise at 2.5 V vs Frequency Figure 4 Total harmonic distortion + noise at 3.6 V vs Frequency Figure 5 Total harmonic distortion + noise at 5 V vs Frequency Figure 6 Total harmonic distortion + noise vs Output power at 8 Ω Figure 7 Total harmonic distortion + noise vs Output power at 4 Ω Figure 8 Efficiency vs Output power (per channel) at 8 Ω Figure 9 Efficiency vs Output power (per channel) at 4 Ω Figure 10 Total power dissipation vs Total output power at 8 Ω Figure 11 Total power dissipation vs Total output power at 4 Ω Figure 12 Total supply current vs Total output power at 8 Ω Figure 13 Total supply current vs Total output power at 4 Ω Figure 14 Supply ripple rejection ratio vs Frequency Figure 15 Crosstalk vs Frequency Figure 16 Shutdown time Figure 17 Startup time Figure 18 QUIESCENT SUPPLY CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE OUTPUT LEVEL vs INPUT LEVEL 20 9 EN = VDD 10 8 Output Level − dBV IDD − Quiescent Supply Current − mA 10 7 6 5 4 3 RL = 8 Ω + 33 µH VDD = 5 V 0 −10 With AGC, With Limiter No AGC, With Limiter −20 −30 2 AGC, Limiter, and Noise Gate −40 1 0 2.5 3.5 4.5 VDD − Supply Voltage − V 5.5 −50 −70 −60 G001 Figure 1. 6 No AGC, No Limiter −50 −40 −30 −20 Input Level − dBV −10 0 10 G003 Figure 2. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2017D2 TPA2017D2 www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY 4.0 fIN = 1 kHz Gain = 6 dB 3.0 THD = 1%, 4 Ω 2.5 THD = 10%, 4 Ω 1.5 1.0 THD = 10%, 8 Ω 0.5 THD = 1%, 8 Ω 0.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise − % VCC − Supply Voltage − V PO = 0.2 W 0.01 PO = 0.025 W 0.001 20 100 1k 10k TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY PO = 0.25 W PO = 0.5 W 0.01 PO = 0.05 W 0.001 100 1k 10k 20k 10 Gain = 6 dB RL = 8 Ω + 33 µH VDD = 5 V 1 PO = 0.5 W 0.1 PO = 1 W 0.01 PO = 0.1 W 0.001 20 100 1k 10k f − Frequency − Hz G005 Figure 6. TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs OUTPUT POWER TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs OUTPUT POWER Gain = 6 dB RL = 8 Ω + 33 µH VDD = 5 V 10 VDD = 3.6 V 1 VDD = 2.5 V 0.1 0.1 PO − Output Power − W 1 3 20k G006 Figure 5. 100 20k G004 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY f − Frequency − Hz THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise − % PO = 0.125 W 0.1 G016 0.1 0.01 0.01 1 Figure 4. Gain = 6 dB RL = 8 Ω + 33 µH VDD = 3.6 V 20 Gain = 6 dB RL = 8 Ω + 33 µH VDD = 2.5 V Figure 3. 10 1 10 f − Frequency − Hz THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise − % 2.0 THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise − % PO − Output Power − W 3.5 THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise − % OUTPUT POWER vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 100 Gain = 6 dB RL = 4 Ω + 33 µH VDD = 5 V 10 VDD = 3.6 V 1 VDD = 2.5 V 0.1 0.01 0.01 G007 Figure 7. 0.1 1 PO − Output Power − W 3 G008 Figure 8. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2017D2 7 TPA2017D2 SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT POWER (PER CHANNEL) 100 100 90 90 80 80 VDD = 3.6 V 70 VDD = 5 V VDD = 2.5 V 60 Efficiency − % Efficiency − % EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT POWER (PER CHANNEL) 50 40 fIN = 1 kHz Gain = 6 dB RL = 8 Ω + 33 µH 20 10 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 50 40 fIN = 1 kHz Gain = 6 dB RL = 4 Ω + 33 µH 10 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 PO − Output Power (Per Channel) − W G010 Figure 9. Figure 10. TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION vs TOTAL OUTPUT POWER TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION vs TOTAL OUTPUT POWER 0.30 3.0 G011 1.0 0.25 0.20 PD − Total Power Dissipation − W fIN = 1 kHz Gain = 6 dB RL = 8 Ω + 33 µH VDD = 3.6 V 0.15 VDD = 2.5 V VDD = 5 V 0.10 0.05 0.00 fIN = 1 kHz Gain = 6 dB RL = 4 Ω + 33 µH 0.9 0.8 0.7 VDD = 3.6 V 0.6 0.5 VDD = 2.5 V 0.4 VDD = 5 V 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 1 2 3 0 4 PO − Total Output Power − W 1 2 3 4 5 PO − Total Output Power − W G012 Figure 11. Figure 12. TOTAL SUPPLY CURRENT vs TOTAL OUTPUT POWER TOTAL SUPPLY CURRENT vs TOTAL OUTPUT POWER 1.0 6 G013 1.4 0.8 IDD − Total Supply Current − A 0.9 VDD = 5 V 0.7 VDD = 3.6 V 0.6 VDD = 2.5 V 0.5 0.4 0.3 fIN = 1 kHz Gain = 6 dB RL = 8 Ω + 33 µH 0.2 0.1 0.0 VDD = 5 V 1.2 VDD = 3.6 V 1.0 VDD = 2.5 V 0.8 0.6 0.4 fIN = 1 kHz Gain = 6 dB RL = 4 Ω + 33 µH 0.2 0.0 0 1 2 3 PO − Total Output Power − W 4 0 G014 Figure 13. 8 VDD = 5 V VDD = 2.5 V 20 2.0 PO − Output Power (Per Channel) − W PD − Total Power Dissipation − W VDD = 3.6 V 60 30 30 IDD − Total Supply Current − A 70 1 2 3 4 PO − Total Output Power − W 5 6 G015 Figure 14. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2017D2 TPA2017D2 www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 CROSSTALK vs FREQUENCY 0 0 −10 −20 Gain = 6 dB RL = 8 Ω + 33 µH POUT = 100 mW VDD = 3.6 V −20 −40 −30 Crosstalk − dB PSRR − Power Supply Rejection Ratio − dB POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY −40 −50 VDD = 2.5 V −60 VDD = 3.6 V −70 −60 −80 Right to Left −100 −80 −120 −90 VDD = 5 V −100 20 100 Left to Right 1k 10k f − Frequency − Hz −140 20 20k 100 1k f − Frequency − Hz G009 Figure 15. 1.00 10k 20k G017 Figure 16. Output 0.75 EN: HIGH LOW Voltage – V 0.50 0.25 0.00 –0.25 –0.50 –0.75 –1.00 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 t – Time – ms G019 Figure 17. Shutdown Time 1.00 Output 0.75 EN: LOW Voltage – V 0.50 HIGH 0.25 0.00 –0.25 –0.50 –0.75 –1.00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 t – Time – ms G020 Figure 18. Startup Time Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2017D2 9 TPA2017D2 SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com APPLICATION INFORMATION AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL The Automatic Gain Control (AGC) feature provides continuous automatic gain adjustment to the amplifier through an internal PGA. This feature enhances the perceived audio loudness and at the same time prevents speaker damage from occurring (Limiter function). The AGC works by detecting the audio input envelope. The gain changes depending on the amplitude, the limiter level, the compression ratio, and the attack and release time. The gain changes constantly as the audio signal increases and/or decreases to create the compression effect. The gain step size for the AGC is 0.5 dB. If the audio signal has near-constant amplitude, the gain does not change. Figure 19 shows how the AGC works. INPUT SIGNAL Limiter threshold Limiter threshold B C D E A GAIN OUTPUT SIGNAL Limiter threshold Release Time Hold Time Attack Time Limiter threshold A. Gain decreases with no delay; attack time is reset. Release time and hold time are reset. B. Signal amplitude above limiter level, but gain cannot change because attack time is not over. C. Attack time ends; gain is allowed to decrease from this point forward by one step. Gain decreases because the amplitude remains above limiter threshold. All times are reset D. Gain increases after release time finishes and signal amplitude remains below desired level. All times are reset after the gain increase. E. Gain increases after release time is finished again because signal amplitude remains below desired level. All times are reset after the gain increase. Figure 19. Input and Output Audio Signal vs Time 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2017D2 TPA2017D2 www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 Gain - dB Since the number of gain steps is limited the compression region is limited as well. The following figure shows how the gain changes vs. the input signal amplitude in the compression region. VIN - dBV Figure 20. Input Signal Voltage vs Gain Thus the AGC performs a mapping of the input signal vs. the output signal amplitude. Pins AGC1 and AGC 2 are used to enable/disable the limiter, compression, and noise gate function. Table 1 shows each function. Table 1. FUNCTION DEFINITION FOR AGC1 AND AGC2 AGC1 AGC2 Function 0 0 AGC Function disabled 0 1 AGC Limiter Function enabled 1 0 AGC, Limiter, and Compression Functions enabled 1 1 AGC, Limiter, Compression, and Noise Gate Functions enabled The default values for the TPA2017D2 AGC function are given in Table 2. The default values can be changed at the factory during production. Refer to the TI representative for assistance with different default value requests. Table 2. AGC DEFAULT VALUES Attack Time 6.4 ms / step Release Time 1.81 sec/step Fixed Gain 6 dB NoiseGate Threshold 20 mV Output Limiter Level 9 dBV Max Gain 30 dB Compression Ratio 2:1 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2017D2 11 TPA2017D2 SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com DECOUPLING CAPACITOR (CS) The TPA2017D2 is a high-performance Class-D audio amplifier that requires adequate power supply decoupling to ensure the efficiency is high and total harmonic distortion (THD) is low. For higher frequency transients, spikes, or digital hash on the line, a good low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR) 1-µF ceramic capacitor (typically) placed as close as possible to the device PVDD (L, R) lead works best. Placing this decoupling capacitor close to the TPA2017D2 is important for the efficiency of the Class-D amplifier, because any resistance or inductance in the trace between the device and the capacitor can cause a loss in efficiency. For filtering lower-frequency noise signals, a 4.7 µF or greater capacitor placed near the audio power amplifier would also help, but it is not required in most applications because of the high PSRR of this device. INPUT CAPACITORS (CI) The input capacitors and input resistors form a high-pass filter with the corner frequency, fC, determined in Equation 1. 1 fC = (2p ´ RI ´ CI ) (1) The value of the input capacitor is important to consider as it directly affects the bass (low frequency) performance of the circuit. Speakers in wireless phones cannot usually respond well to low frequencies, so the corner frequency can be set to block low frequencies in this application. Not using input capacitors can increase output offset. Equation 2 is used to solve for the input coupling capacitance. If the corner frequency is within the audio band, the capacitors should have a tolerance of ±10% or better, because any mismatch in capacitance causes an impedance mismatch at the corner frequency and below. 1 CI = (2p ´ RI ´ fC ) (2) COMPONENT LOCATION Place all the external components very close to the TPA2017D2. Placing the decoupling capacitor, CS, close to the TPA2017D2 is important for the efficiency of the Class-D amplifier. Any resistance or inductance in the trace between the device and the capacitor can cause a loss in efficiency. EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL INFORMATION The maximum ambient temperature depends on the heat-sinking ability of the PCB system. The derating factor for the packages are shown in the dissipation rating table. Converting this to θJA for the WCSP package: 100°C/W (3) Given θJA of 100°C/W, the maximum allowable junction temperature of 150°C, and the maximum internal dissipation of 0.4 W (0.2 W per channel) for 1.5 W per channel, 8-Ω load, 5-V supply, from Figure 9, the maximum ambient temperature can be calculated with the following equation. TA Max = TJMax - qJA PDMAX = 150 - 100 (0.4) = 110°C (4) Equation 4 shows that the calculated maximum ambient temperature is 110°C at maximum power dissipation with a 5-V supply and 8-Ω a load. The TPA2017D2 is designed with thermal protection that turns the device off when the junction temperature surpasses 150°C to prevent damage to the IC. Also, using speakers more resistive than 8-Ω dramatically increases the thermal performance by reducing the output current and increasing the efficiency of the amplifier. OPERATION WITH DACS AND CODECS In using Class-D amplifiers with CODECs and DACs, sometimes there is an increase in the output noise floor from the audio amplifier. This occurs when mixing of the output frequencies of the CODEC/DAC mix with the switching frequencies of the audio amplifier input stage. The noise increase can be solved by placing a low-pass filter between the CODEC/DAC and audio amplifier. This filters off the high frequencies that cause the problem and allow proper performance. See the functional block diagram. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2017D2 TPA2017D2 www.ti.com ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... SLOS584 – APRIL 2009 FILTER FREE OPERATION AND FERRITE BEAD FILTERS A ferrite bead filter can often be used if the design is failing radiated emissions without an LC filter and the frequency sensitive circuit is greater than 1 MHz. This filter functions well for circuits that just have to pass FCC and CE because FCC and CE only test radiated emissions greater than 30 MHz. When choosing a ferrite bead, choose one with high impedance at high frequencies, and low impedance at low frequencies. In addition, select a ferrite bead with adequate current rating to prevent distortion of the output signal. Use an LC output filter if there are low frequency (< 1 MHz) EMI sensitive circuits and/or there are long leads from amplifier to speaker. Figure 21 shows typical ferrite bead and LC output filters. Ferrite Chip Bead OUTP 1 nF Ferrite Chip Bead OUTN 1 nF Figure 21. Typical Ferrite Bead Filter (Chip bead example: TDK: MPZ1608S221A) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2017D2 13 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 20-Apr-2009 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty TPA2017D2RTJR ACTIVE QFN RTJ 20 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR TPA2017D2RTJT ACTIVE QFN RTJ 20 250 CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. 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Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 17-Apr-2009 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing SPQ Reel Reel Diameter Width (mm) W1 (mm) A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant TPA2017D2RTJR QFN RTJ 20 3000 330.0 12.4 4.3 4.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 TPA2017D2RTJT QFN RTJ 20 250 180.0 12.4 4.3 4.3 1.5 8.0 12.0 Q2 Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 17-Apr-2009 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) TPA2017D2RTJR QFN RTJ 20 3000 346.0 346.0 29.0 TPA2017D2RTJT QFN RTJ 20 250 190.5 212.7 31.8 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. 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