TPA2035D1 www.ti.com ................................................................................................................................................................................................ SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 2.75-W FIXED GAIN MONO FILTER-FREE CLASS-D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER FEATURES APPLICATIONS • Maximize Battery Life and Minimize Heat – 0.5-µA Shutdown Current – 3-mA Quiescent Current – High Efficiency Class-D – 88% at 400mW at 8Ω – 80% at 100mW at 8Ω • Short Circuit Auto-recovery • Gain of 2 V/V (6dB) • Only One External Component Required – Internal Matched Input Gain and Feedback Resistors for Excellent PSRR and CMRR – Optimized PWM Output Stage Eliminates LC Output Filter – PSRR (–75 dB) and Wide Supply Voltage (2.5 V to 5.5 V) Eliminates Need for a Dedicated Voltage Regulator – Fully Differential Design Reduces RF Rectification and Eliminates Bypass Capacitor – CMRR (–69 dB)Eliminates Two Input Coupling Capacitors • Thermal and Short-Circuit Protection • Pinout Similar to the TPA2010D1 • Wafer Chip Scale Packaging (WCSP) – NanoFree™ (YZF) • 1 2 Wireless Handsets, PDAs, and other mobile devices DESCRIPTION The TPA2035D1 is a 2.75-W high efficiency filter-free class-D audio power amplifier in an approximately 1.5-mm × 1.5-mm wafer chip scale package (WCSP) that requires only one external component. The pinout is the same as the TPA2010D1 (SLOS417) except that the external gain setting input resistors required by the TPA2010D1 are integrated into the fixed gain of the TPA2035D1. Features like –75dB PSRR and improved RF-rectification immunity with a small PCB footprint (WCSP amplifier plus single decoupling cap) make the TPA2035D1 ideal for wireless handsets. A fast start-up time of 3.2 ms with minimal pop makes the TPA2035D1 ideal for PDA applications. In wireless handsets, the earpiece, speaker phone, and melody ringer can each be driven by the TPA2035D1. The TPA2035D1 has a low 27-µV noise floor, A-weighted. APPLICATION CIRCUIT VDD IN− _ Differential Input PWM 2035D1 CS ~ 2,5 mm VO − H− Bridge 9-BALL WAFER CHIP SCALE, YZF PACKAGE, (TOP VIEW OF PCB) VO + + IN+ GND SHUTDOWN ~1,7 mm TPA To Battery Internal Oscillator 0402 CS Bias Circuitry TPA2035D1 1,4 mm 1,55 mm IN+ GND A1 A2 VDD PV DD B1 B2 VO− A3 PGND B3 IN− SHUTDWN VO+ C1 C2 C3 1,4 mm 1,55 mm Note: Pin A1 is marked with a “0” . 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. NanoFree is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPA2035D1 SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. ORDERING INFORMATION (1) TA PACKAGE (YZF) (1) –40°C to 85°C 9 balls, 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm WCSP (0.05/-0.1 mm tolerance) PART NUMBER TPA2035D1YZF SYMBOL (2) CGD For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI website at www.ti.com. The YZF package is only available taped and reeled. To order add the suffix R to the end of the part number for a reel of 3000, or add the suffix T to the end of the part number for a reel of 250 (e.g. TPA2035D1YZFR). (2) ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free-air temperature range unless otherwise noted (1) TPA2035D1 VDD Supply voltage VI Input voltage In active mode –0.3 V to 6 V In SHUTDOWN mode –0.3 V to 7 V –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V Continuous total power dissipation See Dissipation Rating Table TA Operating free-air temperature –40°C to 85°C TJ Operating junction temperature –40°C to 125°C Tstg Storage temperature –65°C to 150°C ESD Electro-Static Discharge Tolerance - Human Body Model (HBM) for all pins (2) (1) 2KV Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. The output pins Vo– and Vo+ are tolerant to 1.5KV HBM ESD (2) RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS MIN VDD Supply voltage VIH High-level input voltage SHUTDOWN VIL Low-level input voltage SHUTDOWN VIC Common mode input voltage range VDD = 2.5 V, 5.5 V TA Operating free-air temperature –40 NOM MAX UNIT 2.5 5.5 V 1.3 VDD V 0 0.35 V 0.5 VDD–0.8 V 85 °C PACKAGE DISSIPATION RATINGS (1) (2) 2 PACKAGE DERATING FACTOR (1 / θJA) TA ≤ 25°C POWER RATING TA = 70°C POWER RATING TA = 85°C POWER RATING YZF 4.8 mW/°C (1) 480 mW 264 mW 192 mW YZF (2) 750 mW 412 mW 300 mW 7.5 mW/°C Derating factor measured with JEDEC Low-K board; 1S0P - One signal layer and zero plane layers. Derating factor measured with JEDEC High K board; 1S2P - One signal layer and two plane layers. Please see JEDEC Standard 51-3 for Low-K board, JEDEC Standard 51-7 for High-K board, and JEDEC Standard 51-12 for using package thermal information. Please see JEDEC document page for downloadable copies: http://www.jedec.org/download/default.cfm. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 TPA2035D1 www.ti.com ................................................................................................................................................................................................ SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS |VOS| Output offset voltage (measured differentially) Inputs AC grounded, VDD = 2.5 V to 5.5 V PSRR Power supply rejection ratio VDD = 2.5 V to 5.5 V MIN TYP MAX UNIT 5 25 mV dB –75 -61 VDD = 2.5 V –69 -52 VDD = 3.6 V –69 -52 VDD = 5.5 V –69 -52 CMRR Common mode rejection ratio VIC = 0.5 V to (VDD –0.8 V) |IIH| High-level input current VDD = 5.5 V, VI = 5.8 V 50 µA |IIL| Low-level input current VDD = 5.5 V, VI = –0.3 V 5 µA VDD = 5.5 V, no load I(Q) Quiescent current I(SD) Shutdown current rDS(on) Static drain-source on-state resistance f(sw) 5.7 VDD = 3.6 V, no load 3 VDD = 2.5 V, no load 2.2 3.7 mA V(SHUTDOWN)= 0.35 V, VDD = 2.5 V to 5.5 V 0.5 0.8 VDD = 2.5 V 550 VDD = 3.6 V 420 VDD = 5.0 V 350 µA mΩ Output impedance in SHUTDOWN V(SHUTDOWN) <= 0.35 V Switching frequency VDD = 2.5 V to 5.5 V 240 300 400 kHz VDD = 2.5 V to 5.5 V 5.5 6 6.5 dB Gain RPD 4 dB 2 Resistance of internal pulldown resistor from shutdown pin to GND kΩ 300 kΩ OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25°C, RL = 8 Ω (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS RL = 4 Ω, THD + N = 10%, f = 1 kHz RL = 4 Ω, THD + N = 1%, f = 1 kHz PO Output power RL = 8 Ω, THD + N = 10%, f = 1 kHz RL = 8 Ω, THD + N = 1%, f = 1 kHz MIN 2.75 VDD = 3.6 V 1.35 VDD = 2.5 V 0.59 VDD = 5 V 2.25 VDD = 3.6 V 1.12 VDD = 2.5 V 0.48 VDD = 5 V 1.68 VDD = 3.6 V 0.85 VDD = 2.5 V 0.38 VDD = 5 V 1.37 VDD = 3.6 V 0.68 VDD = 2.5 V THD+N Total harmonic distortion plus noise TYP MAX VDD = 5 V 0.18% VDD = 3.6 V, PO = 0.5 W, RL = 8 Ω, f = 1 kHz 0.11% VDD = 2.5 V, PO = 200 mW, RL = 8 Ω, f = 1 kHz 0.10% kSVR Supply ripple rejection ratio SNR Signal-to-noise ratio VDD = 5 V, PO = 1 W, RL = 8 Ω, A weighted noise Vn Output voltage noise VDD = 3.6 V, f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz, Inputs AC grounded with CI = 1 µF CMRR Common mode rejection ratio VDD = 3.6 V, VIC = 1 Vpp , VCm = 1.8 V f = 217 Hz, V(RIPPLE) = 200 mVpp W W dB 100 dB 35 A weighting 27 f = 217 Hz –69 Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 W –73 No weighting Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated W 0.31 VDD = 5 V, PO = 1 W, RL = 8 Ω, f = 1 kHz VDD = 3.6 V, Inputs AC grounded with CI = 1 µF UNIT µVRMS dB 3 TPA2035D1 SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (continued) TA = 25°C, RL = 8 Ω (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER RI TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Input impedance AV = 2 V/V 30.2 kΩ Start-up time from shutdown VDD = 3.6 V 3.2 ms Short circuit detection threshold VDD = 3.6 V 1.7 A Terminal Functions TERMINAL NAME YZF IN– C1 IN+ VO- I/O DESCRIPTION I Negative differential audio input A1 I Positive differential audio input A3 O Negative BTL audio output VO+ C3 O Positive BTL audio output GND A2 I Analog ground terminal. Must be connected to same potential as PGND using a direct connection to a single point ground. PGND B3 VDD B1 I Power supply terminal. Must be connected to same power supply as PVDD using a direct connection. Voltage must be within values listed in Recommended Operating Conditions table. PVDD B2 I High-current Power supply terminal. Must be connected to same power supply as VDD using a direct connection. Voltage must be within values listed in Recommended Operating Conditions table. SHUTDOWN C2 I Shutdown terminal. When terminal is low the device is put into Shutdown mode. High-current Analog ground terminal. Must be connected to same potential as GND using a direct connection to a single point ground. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Input Buffer SC 300 KΩ 4 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 TPA2035D1 www.ti.com ................................................................................................................................................................................................ SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE OF GRAPHS FIGURE Efficiency vs Output power 1, 2 Power dissipation vs Output power 3, 4 Supply current vs Output power 5, 6 IDD Supply current vs Supply voltage 7 I(SD) Shutdown current vs Shutdown voltage PD PO Output power THD+N Total harmonic distortion plus noise 8 vs Load resistance 9, 10 vs Supply voltage 11 vs Output power 12, 13 vs Frequency 14, 15, 16, 17 vs Common-mode input voltage KSVR Supply voltage rejection ratio Supply voltage rejection ratio CMRR 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 vs Frequency GSM power supply rejection KSVR 18 vs Time 28 vs Frequency 29 vs Common-mode input voltage Common-mode rejection ratio 30, 31, 32 vs Frequency 33 vs Common-mode input voltage 34 TEST SET-UP FOR GRAPHS CI TPA2035D1 + Measurement Output IN+ OUT+ Load CI IN − − OUT − + Measurement Input − GND V DD + 30 kHz Low Pass Filter 1mF V DD − (1) CI was shorted for any common-mode input voltage measurement. All other measurements were taken with a 1-µF CI (unless otherwise noted). (2) A 33-µH inductor was placed in series with the load resistor to emulate a small speaker for efficiency measurements. (3) The 30-kHz low-pass filter is required, even if the analyzer has an internal low-pass filter. An RC low-pass filter (100Ω, 47-nF) is used on each output for the data sheet graphs. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 5 TPA2035D1 SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT POWER VDD = 2.5 V 90 80 Efficiency - % 1.4 80 1.2 Class AB 4 W VDD = 5 V VDD = 3.6 V 50 Class AB 40 VDD = 3.6 V 60 VDD = 2.5 V 50 40 Class AB 30 30 20 RL = 8 W, 33 μH 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 PO - Output Power - W 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.5 1 1.5 2 PO - Output Power - W VDD = 5 V, RL = 8 W 0 2.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Figure 3. POWER DISSIPATION vs OUTPUT POWER SUPPLY CURRENT vs OUTPUT POWER SUPPLY CURRENT vs OUTPUT POWER 650 360 RL = 4 W, 33 μH 600 0.6 IDD - Supply Current - mA VDD = 3.6 V, RL = 4 W Class AB, 8 W 0.3 0.2 500 450 400 VDD = 5 V 350 300 250 VDD = 3.6 V 200 150 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 PO - Output Power - W 1.4 0 1.6 VDD = 3.6 V 240 VDD = 5 V 200 160 120 VDD = 2.5 V 40 50 VDD = 3.6 V, RL = 8 W 280 80 VDD = 2.5 V 100 0.1 RL = 8 W, 33 μH 320 550 0.5 3 PO - Output Power - W Figure 2. Class AB, 4 W 0 VDD = 5 V, RL = 4 W 0.6 Figure 1. 0.7 0.4 Class AB 8 W 0.8 0 0 0 0 1 0.2 RL = 4 W, 33 μH 10 10 IDD - Supply Current - mA Efficiency - % 60 20 PD - Power Dissipation - W 90 70 VDD = 5 V 70 POWER DISSIPATION vs OUTPUT POWER PD - Power Dissipation - W 100 EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT POWER 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 PO - Output Power - W 3 0 0.5 0.25 1 0.75 1.5 1.25 1.75 PO - Output Power - W Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. SUPPLY CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs SHUTDOWN VOLTAGE OUTPUT POWER vs LOAD RESISTANCE 3.6 RL = 8 W IDD - Supply Current - mA IDD - Supply Current - mA 3.4 3.2 3.2 3 2.8 RL = 8 W, 33 mH 2.6 No Load 2.4 2.2 3 2.8 VDD = 5 V 2.4 2 1.6 VDD = 3.6 V 1.2 0.8 VDD = 2.5 V 3 4.5 3.5 4 5 VDD - Supply Voltage - V 5.5 Figure 7. 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Shutdown Voltage - V 2.5 VDD = 5 V, 10% 2 VDD = 3.6 V, 10% 1.5 VDD = 2.5 V, 10% 1 0.5 0.4 2 2.5 6 3.5 RL = No Load PO - Output Power - W 3.6 0.7 Figure 8. Submit Documentation Feedback 0.8 0 4 9 14 19 24 29 RL - Load Resistance - W Figure 9. Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 TPA2035D1 www.ti.com ................................................................................................................................................................................................ SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 3 2.5 4 W THD+N = 10% 2.5 PO - Output Power - W VDD = 5 V, 1% 1.5 VDD = 3.6 V, 1% 1 VDD = 2.5 V, 1% 0.5 4 W THD+N = 1% 2 8 W THD+N = 10% 1.5 1 0.5 8 W THD+N = 1% 0 0 4 9 14 19 24 2.5 29 3 3.5 4 4.5 VDD - Supply Voltage - V 20 RL = 4 W 10 VDD = 2.5 V VDD = 3 V VDD = 3.6 V 1 VDD = 5 V 0.1 0.05 10m 100m 1 PO - Output Power - W 3 Figure 11. Figure 12. TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs OUTPUT POWER TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY 20 10 RL = 8 W VDD = 2.5 V VDD = 3 V VDD = 3.6 V 1 VDD = 5 V 0.1 0.05 10m 100m PO - Output Power - W 1 2 THD+N - Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise - % Figure 10. 1 RL = 8 W VDD = 5 V PO = 50 mW 0.1 PO = 250 mW PO = 1 W 0.01 20 100 1k f - Frequency - Hz 10k 20k 1 RL = 8 W VDD = 3.6 V PO = 25 mW PO = 125 mW 0.1 PO = 500 mW 0.01 20 100 1k f - Frequency - Hz 10k 20k Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs COMMON MODE INPUT VOLTAGE 1 RL = 8 W VDD = 2.5 V PO = 15 mW 0.1 PO = 75 mW PO = 200 mW 0.01 0.005 20 100 1k f - Frequency - Hz 10k 20k Figure 16. THD+N - Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise - % THD+N - Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise - % RL - Load Resistance - W 5 THD+N - Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise - % PO - Output Power - W 2 THD+N - Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise - % TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs OUTPUT POWER OUTPUT POWER vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE THD+N - Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise - % OUTPUT POWER vs LOAD RESISTANCE 1 RL = 4 W VDD = 5 V VDD = 4 V VDD = 3 V 0.1 VDD = 2.5 V VDD = 3.6 V 0.01 20 100 1k f - Frequency - Hz 10k 20k Figure 17. Figure 18. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 7 TPA2035D1 SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY -30 -40 R L = 8 W, -50 Gain = 2 V/V -60 VDD = 2.5 V -70 -80 VDD = 3.6 V VDD = 5 V -90 -100 10 10 k 100 1k f - Frequency - Hz Inputs ac-grounded, CI = 1 mF, -40 R L = 4 W, Gain = 2 V/V -50 VDD = 2.5 V -60 VDD = 3.6 V -70 -80 VDD = 5 V -90 -100 10 100 k 100 1k 10 k f - Frequency - Hz Figure 19. 100 k -40 Inputs Floating, R L = 8 W, Gain = 2 V/V -50 VDD = 2.5 V -60 -70 -80 VDD = 2.7 V VDD = 3.6 V -90 VDD = 5 V -100 10 100 1k 10 k f - Frequency - Hz Figure 20. Figure 21. GSM POWER SUPPLY REJECTION vs TIME GSM POWER SUPPLY REJECTION vs FREQUENCY 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 VO - Output Voltage - dBV VDD 200 mV/div VOUT 20 mV/div t - Time - 2 mS/div 10 -10 -30 -50 -70 -90 -110 -130 -150 VDD Shown in Figure 22 CI = 1 mF, Inputs ac-Grounded 0 200 400 600 800 1k 1.2k 1.4k 1.6k1.8k 2k f - Frequency - Hz Figure 23. SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO vs DC COMMON MODE VOLTAGE SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO vs DC COMMON MODE VOLTAGE 0 0 0 -10 -10 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 VDD = 2.5 V -60 VDD = 3.6 V VDD = 5 V -70 -80 -90 Supply Ripple Rejection Ratio - dB SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO vs DC COMMON MODE VOLTAGE Supply Ripple Rejection Ratio - dB Supply Ripple Rejection Ratio - dB Figure 22. -20 -30 -40 VDD = 2.5 V VDD = 3.6 V -50 -60 VDD = 5 V -70 -80 -90 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 DC Common-Mode Voltage - V 5 Figure 24. 8 100 k VDD - Supply Voltage - dBV -30 Inputs ac-grounded, CI = 1 mF, Supply Ripple Rejection Ratio - dB Supply Ripple Rejection Ratio - dB -30 SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY Supply Ripple Rejection Ratio - dB SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 DC Common-Mode Voltage - V Figure 25. Submit Documentation Feedback 5 -20 VDD = 2.5 V VDD = 3.6 V -30 -40 -50 VDD = 5 V -60 -70 -80 -90 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 DC Common-Mode Voltage - V Figure 26. Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 TPA2035D1 www.ti.com ................................................................................................................................................................................................ SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 -60 VDD = 3.6 V, -65 VIC = 1 Vpp, RL = 8 W -70 -75 -80 -85 10 100 COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO vs COMMON-MODE INPUT VOLTAGE CMRR - Common-Mode Rejection Ratio - dB CMRR - Common Mode Rejection Ratio - dB COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY 1k 10 k f - Frequency - Hz 100 k -40 -45 -50 -55 -60 VDD = 5 V VDD = 2.5 V VDD = 3.6 V -65 -70 -75 -80 -85 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 VIC - Common-Mode Input Voltage - V Figure 27. 5 Figure 28. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 9 TPA2035D1 SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com APPLICATION INFORMATION FULLY DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER The device is a fully differential amplifier with differential inputs and outputs. The fully differential amplifier consists of a differential amplifier and a common-mode amplifier. The differential amplifier ensures that the amplifier outputs a differential voltage on the output that is equal to the differential input times the gain. The common-mode feedback specifies that the common-mode voltage at the output is biased around VDD/2 regardless of the common-mode voltage at the input. The fully differential TPA2035D1 can still be used with a single-ended input; however, the TPA2035D1 should be used with differential inputs when in a noisy environment, like a wireless handset, to ensure maximum noise rejection. Advantages of Fully Differential Amplifiers • Input-coupling capacitors not required: – The fully differential amplifier allows the inputs to be biased at voltage other than mid-supply. The inputs of the TPA2035D1 can be biased anywhere within the common mode input voltage range listed in the Recommended Operating Conditions table. If the inputs are biased outside of that range, input-coupling capacitors are required. • Midsupply bypass capacitor, C(BYPASS), not required: – The fully differential amplifier does not require a bypass capacitor. Any shift in the midsupply affects both positive and negative channels equally and cancels at the differential output. • Better RF-immunity: – GSM handsets save power by turning on and shutting off the RF transmitter at a rate of 217 Hz. The transmitted signal is picked-up on input and output traces. The fully differential amplifier cancels the signal better than the typical audio amplifier. SHORT CIRCUIT AUTO-RECOVERY When a short circuit event happens, the TPA2035D1 goes to shutdown mode and tries to reactivate itself after 20 µs. This auto-recovery will continue until the short circuit event stops. This feature can protect the device without affecting the device's long term reliability. COMPONENT SELECTION Figure 29 shows the TPA2035D1 typical schematic with differential inputs, while Figure 30 shows the TPA2035D1 with differential inputs and input capacitors. Figure 31 shows the TPA2035D1 with a single-ended input. Decoupling Capacitor (CS) The TPA2035D1 is a high-performance class-D audio amplifier that requires adequate power supply decoupling to ensure the efficiency is high and total harmonic distortion (THD) is low. For higher frequency transients, spikes, or digital hash on the line, a good low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR) ceramic capacitor, typically 1µF, placed as close as possible to the device VDD lead works best. Placing this decoupling capacitor close to the TPA2035D1 is important for the efficiency of the class-D amplifier, because any resistance or inductance in the trace between the device and the capacitor can cause a loss in efficiency. For filtering lower-frequency noise signals, a 10 µF or greater capacitor placed near the audio power amplifier would also help, but it is not required in most applications because of the high PSRR of this device. Typically, the smaller the capacitor's case size, the lower the inductance and the closer it can be placed to the TPA2035D1. Input Capacitors (CI) The TPA2035D1 does not require input coupling capacitors if the design uses a differential source that is biased within the common-mode input voltage range. That voltage range is listed in the Recommended Operating Conditions table. If the input signal is not biased within the recommended common-mode input range, such as in needing to use the input as a high pass filter, shown in Figure 30, or if using a single-ended source, shown in Figure 31, input coupling capacitors are required. The same value capacitors should be used on both IN+ and IN– for best pop performance. 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 TPA2035D1 www.ti.com ................................................................................................................................................................................................ SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 fc + 1 ǒ2p RICIǓ (1) The value of the input capacitor is important to consider as it directly affects the bass (low frequency) performance of the circuit. Speaker response may also be taken into consideration when setting the corner frequency using input capacitors. Equation 2 is reconfigured to solve for the input coupling capacitance. 1 C + I 2p R f c I ǒ Ǔ (2) If the corner frequency is within the audio band, the capacitors should have a tolerance of ±10% or better, because any mismatch in capacitance causes an impedance mismatch at the corner frequency and below. For a flat low-frequency response, use large input coupling capacitors (1 µF or larger). To Battery Internal Oscillator VDD IN− PWM _ Differential Input H− Bridge CS VO− VO+ + IN+ GND Bias Circuitry SHUTDOWN TPA2035D1 Filter-Free Class D Figure 29. Typical TPA2035D1 Application Schematic With Differential Input for a Wireless Phone To Battery CI Differential Input Internal Oscillator VDD CS IN− _ CI PWM H− Bridge VO− VO+ + IN+ GND SHUTDOWN Bias Circuitry TPA2035D1 Filter-Free Class D Figure 30. TPA2035D1 Application Schematic With Differential Input and Input Capacitors Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 11 TPA2035D1 SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com CI Single-ended Input To Battery Internal Oscillator VDD IN− _ PWM CS VO− H− Bridge VO+ + IN+ CI GND Bias Circuitry SHUTDOWN TPA2035D1 Filter-Free Class D Figure 31. TPA2035D1 Application Schematic With Single-Ended Input BOARD LAYOUT In making the pad size for the WCSP balls, it is recommended that the layout use nonsolder mask defined (NSMD) land. With this method, the solder mask opening is made larger than the desired land area, and the opening size is defined by the copper pad width. Figure 32 and Table 1 show the appropriate diameters for a WCSP layout. The TPA2035D1 evaluation module (EVM) layout is shown in the next section as a layout example. Copper Trace Width Solder Pad Width Solder Mask Opening Copper Trace Thickness Solder Mask Thickness Figure 32. Land Pattern Dimensions 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 TPA2035D1 www.ti.com ................................................................................................................................................................................................ SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 Table 1. Land Pattern Dimensions SOLDER PAD DEFINITIONS COPPER PAD SOLDER MASK OPENING COPPER THICKNESS STENCIL OPENING STENCIL THICKNESS Nonsolder mask defined (NSMD) 275 µm (0.0, –25 µm) 375 µm (0.0, –25 µm) 1 oz max (32 µm) 275 µm x 275 µm Sq. (rounded corners) 125 µm thick NOTES: 1. Circuit traces from NSMD defined PWB lands should be 75 µm to 100 µm wide in the exposed area inside the solder mask opening. Wider trace widths reduce device stand off and impact reliability. 2. Recommended solder paste is Type 3 or Type 4. 3. Best reliability results are achieved when the PWB laminate glass transition temperature is above the operating range of the intended application. 4. For a PWB using a Ni/Au surface finish, the gold thickness should be less 0.5 µm to avoid a reduction in thermal fatigue performance. 5. Solder mask thickness should be less than 20 µm on top of the copper circuit pattern. 6. Best solder stencil performance is achieved using laser-cut stencils with electro polishing. Use of chemically etched stencils results in inferior solder paste volume control. 7. Trace routing away from WCSP device should be balanced in X and Y directions to avoid unintentional component movement due to solder wetting forces. Component Location Place all the external components very close to the TPA2035D1. Placing the decoupling capacitor, CS, close to the TPA2035D1 is important for the efficiency of the class-D amplifier. Any resistance or inductance in the trace between the device and the capacitor can cause a loss in efficiency. Trace Width Recommended trace width at the solder balls is 75 µm to 100 µm to prevent solder wicking onto wider PCB traces. Figure 33 shows the layout of the TPA2035D1 evaluation module (EVM). For high current pins (VDD, GND VO+, and VO-) of the TPA2035D1, use 100-µm trace widths at the solder balls and at least 500-µm PCB traces to ensure proper performance and output power for the device. For input pins (IN–, IN+, and SHUTDOWN) of the TPA2035D1, use 75-µm to 100-µm trace widths at the solder balls. IN– and IN+ traces need to run side-by-side to maximize common-mode noise cancellation. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 13 TPA2035D1 SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ www.ti.com 75 mm 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 375 mm (+0, -25 mm) 275 mm (+0, -25 mm) 100 mm Circular Solder Mask Opening Paste Mask (Stencil) = Copper Pad Size 75 mm 100 mm 75 mm Figure 33. Close Up of TPA2035D1 Land Pattern EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL INFORMATION The maximum ambient temperature depends on the heat-sinking ability of the PCB system. The derating factor for the YZF package is shown in the dissipation rating table. Converting this to θJA: 1 q + JA Derating Factor (3) Given θJA (from the Package Dissipation ratings table), the maximum allowable junction temperature (from the Absolute Maximum ratings table), and the maximum internal dissipation (from Power Dissipation vs Output Power figures) the maximum ambient temperature can be calculated with the following equation. Note that the units on these figures are Watts RMS. Because of crest factor (ratio of peak power to RMS power) from 9–15 dB, thermal limitations are not usually encountered. T Max + T Max * q P A J JA Dmax (4) The TPA2035D1 is designed with thermal protection that turns the device off when the junction temperature surpasses 150°C to prevent damage to the IC. Note that using speakers more resistive than 4-Ω dramatically increases the thermal performance by reducing the output current and increasing the efficiency of the amplifier. θJA is a gross approximation of the complex thermal transfer mechanisms between the device and its ambient environment. If the θJA calculation reveals a potential problem, a more accurate estimate should be made. 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 TPA2035D1 www.ti.com ................................................................................................................................................................................................ SLOS562 – AUGUST 2008 WHEN TO USE AN OUTPUT FILTER Design the TPA2035D1 without an output filter if the traces from the amplifier to the speaker are short. Wireless handsets and PDAs are great applications for this class-D amplifier to be used without an output filter. The TPA2035D1 passed FCC- and CE-radiated emissions testing with no shielding with speaker trace wires 100 mm long or less. For longer speaker trace wires, a ferrite bead can often be used in the design if failing radiated emissions testing without an LC filter; and, the frequency-sensitive circuit is greater than 1 MHz. If choosing a ferrite bead, choose one with high impedance at high frequencies, but very low impedance at low frequencies. The selection must also take into account the currents flowing through the ferrite bead. Ferrites can begin to loose effectiveness at much lower than rated current values. See the EVM User's Guide (SLOU237) for components used successfully by TI. Figure 34 shows a typical ferrite-bead output filter. Ferrite Chip Bead VO− 1 nF Ferrite Chip Bead VO+ 1 nF Figure 34. Typical Ferrite Chip Bead Filter Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): TPA2035D1 15 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 11-Aug-2008 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty TPA2035D1YZFR ACTIVE DSBGA YZF 9 3000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) SnAgCu Level-1-260C-UNLIM TPA2035D1YZFT ACTIVE DSBGA YZF 9 250 SnAgCu Level-1-260C-UNLIM Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 8-Aug-2008 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing SPQ Reel Reel Diameter Width (mm) W1 (mm) TPA2035D1YZFR DSBGA YZF 9 3000 180.0 TPA2035D1YZFT DSBGA YZF 9 250 180.0 A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) 8.4 1.65 1.65 0.81 4.0 8.0 Q1 8.4 1.65 1.65 0.81 4.0 8.0 Q1 Pack Materials-Page 1 W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 8-Aug-2008 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) TPA2035D1YZFR DSBGA YZF 9 3000 220.0 220.0 34.0 TPA2035D1YZFT DSBGA YZF 9 250 220.0 220.0 34.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Customers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications, customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI products or services are used. Information published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement thereof. Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property of the third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI. Reproduction of TI information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices. Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for such altered documentation. Information of third parties may be subject to additional restrictions. Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that product or service voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements. TI products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications (such as life support) where a failure of the TI product would reasonably be expected to cause severe personal injury or death, unless officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governing such use. Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of TI products in such safety-critical applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be provided by TI. Further, Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products in such safety-critical applications. TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products are specifically designated by TI as military-grade or "enhanced plastic." Only products designated by TI as military-grade meet military specifications. Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of TI products which TI has not designated as military-grade is solely at the Buyer's risk, and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use. TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products are designated by TI as compliant with ISO/TS 16949 requirements. Buyers acknowledge and agree that, if they use any non-designated products in automotive applications, TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements. Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions: Products Amplifiers Data Converters DSP Clocks and Timers Interface Logic Power Mgmt Microcontrollers RFID RF/IF and ZigBee® Solutions amplifier.ti.com dataconverter.ti.com dsp.ti.com www.ti.com/clocks interface.ti.com logic.ti.com power.ti.com microcontroller.ti.com www.ti-rfid.com www.ti.com/lprf Applications Audio Automotive Broadband Digital Control Medical Military Optical Networking Security Telephony Video & Imaging Wireless www.ti.com/audio www.ti.com/automotive www.ti.com/broadband www.ti.com/digitalcontrol www.ti.com/medical www.ti.com/military www.ti.com/opticalnetwork www.ti.com/security www.ti.com/telephony www.ti.com/video www.ti.com/wireless Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265 Copyright © 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated