TI TPA2000D2PWRG4

TPA2000D2
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SLOS291F – MARCH 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2007
2-W FILTERLESS STEREO CLASS-D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER
•
FEATURES
•
•
•
•
•
Modulation Scheme Optimized to Operate
Without a Filter
2 W Into 3-Ω Speakers (THD+N< 0.4%)
< 0.08% THD+N at 1 W, 1 kHz, Into 4-Ω Load
Extremely Efficient Third Generation 5-V
Class-D Technology:
– Low Supply Current (No Filter) . . . 8 mA
– Low Supply Current (Filter) . . . 15 mA
– Low Shutdown Current . . . 1 µA
– Low Noise Floor . . . 56 µVRMS
– Maximum Efficiency Into 3 Ω, 65-70%
– Maximum Efficiency Into 8 Ω, 75-85%
– 4 Internal Gain Settings . . . 8-23.5 dB
– PSRR . . . -77 dB
Integrated Depop Circuitry
•
Short-Circuit Protection (Short to Battery,
Ground, and Load)
-40°C to 85°C Operating Temperature Range
PW OR PWP PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
PGND
LOUTN
GAIN0
PVDD
LINN
AGND
COSC
RINN
PVDD
SHUTDOWN
ROUTN
PGND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
PGND
LOUTP
BYPASS
PVDD
LINP
VDD
ROSC
RINP
PVDD
GAIN1
ROUTP
PGND
DESCRIPTION
The TPA2000D2 is the third generation 5-V class-D amplifier from Texas Instruments. Improvements to previous
generation devices include: lower supply current, lower noise floor, better efficiency, four different gain settings,
smaller packaging, and fewer external components. The most significant advancement with this device is its
modulation scheme that allows the amplifier to operate without the output filter. Eliminating the output filter saves
the user approximately 30% in system cost and 75% in PCB area.
The TPA2000D2 is a monolithic class-D power IC stereo audio amplifier, using the high switching speed of
power MOSFET transistors. These transistors reproduce the analog signal through high-frequency switching of
the output stage. The TPA2000D2 is configured as a bridge-tied load (BTL) amplifier capable of delivering
greater than 2 W of continuous average power into a 3-Ω load at less than 1% THD+N from a 5-V power supply
in the high fidelity range (20 Hz to 20 kHz). With 1 W being delivered to a 4-Ω load at 1 kHz, the typical THD+N
is less than 0.08%.
A BTL configuration eliminates the need for external coupling capacitors on the output. Low supply current of 8
mA makes the device ideal for battery-powered applications. Protection circuitry increases device reliability:
thermal, over-current, and under-voltage shutdown.
Efficient class-D modulation enables the TPA2000D2 to operate at full power into 3-Ω loads at an ambient
temperature of 85°C.
AVAILABLE OPTIONS (1)
TA
–40°C to 85°C
(1)
(2)
PACKAGED DEVICE
TSSOP (PW)
TSSOP (PWP) (2)
TPA2000D2PW
TPA2000D2PWP
For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end
of this document, or see the TI web site at www.ti.com.
The PWP package is available taped and reeled. To order a taped and reeled part, add the suffix R to
the part number (e.g., TPA2000D2PWPR).
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2000–2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated
TPA2000D2
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SLOS291F – MARCH 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2007
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
VDD
AGND
PVDD
VDD
Gain
Adjust
RINN
+
_
Gate
Drive
ROUTN
_
+
PGND
+
_
PVDD
_
Gain
Adjust
RINP
Gate
Drive
+
ROUTP
PGND
SHUTDOWN
2
GAIN1
GAIN0
Gain
Biases
and
References
Start-Up
Protection
Logic
Ramp
Generator
COSC
ROSC
BYPASS
Thermal
OC
Detect
OC
Detect
VDD ok
PVDD
LINP
Gain
Adjust
+
_
Gate
Drive
_
+
PGND
+
_
PVDD
_
LINN
LOUTP
Gain
Adjust
+
Gate
Drive
LOUTN
PGND
2
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TERMINAL FUNCTION
TERMINAL
NAME
NO.
I/O
DESCRIPTION
AGND
6
-
Analog ground
BYPASS
22
I
Tap to voltage divider for internal midsupply bias generator used for analog reference.
COSC
7
I
A capacitor connected to this terminal sets the oscillation frequency in conjunction with ROSC. For
proper operation, connect a 220 pF capacitor from COSC to ground.
GAIN0
3
I
Bit 0 of gain control (TTL logic level)
GAIN1
15
I
Bit 1 of gain control (TTL logic level)
LINN
5
I
Left channel negative differential audio input
LINP
20
I
Left channel positive differential audio input
LOUTN
2
O
Left channel negative audio output
LOUTP
23
O
Left channel positive audio output
PGND
PVDD
1, 24
-
Power ground for left channel H-bridge
12, 13
-
Power ground for right channel H-bridge
4, 21
-
Power supply for left channel H-bridge
9, 16
-
Power supply for right channel H-bridge
RINN
8
I
Right channel negative differential audio input
RINP
17
I
Right channel positive differential audio input
ROSC
18
I
A resistor connected to this terminal sets the oscillation frequency in conjunction with COSC. For
proper operation, connect a 120 kΩ resistor from ROSC to ground.
ROUTN
11
O
Right channel negative audio output
ROUTP
14
O
Right channel positive output
SHUTDOWN
10
I
Places the amplifier in shutdown mode if a TTL logic low is placed on this terminal; normal operation if
a TTL logic high is placed on this terminal.
VDD
19
-
Analog power supply
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1)
UNIT
VDD, PVDD
Supply voltage
VI
Input voltage
-0.3 V to 6 V
-0.3 V to VDD+0.3 V
Continuous total power dissipation
See Dissipation Rating Table
TA
Operating free-air temperature range
-40°C to 85°C
TJ
Operating junction temperature range
-40°C to 150°C
Tstg
Storage temperature range
-65°C to 150°C
Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds
(1)
260°C
Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating
conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DISSIPATION RATING TABLE
PACKAGE
TA ≤ 25°C
POWER RATING
DERATING FACTOR
ABOVE TA = 25°C
TA = 70°C
POWER RATING
TA = 85°C
POWER RATING
PW
1.04 W
8.34 mW/°C
0.67 W
0.54 W
PWP
2.7 W
21.8 mW/°C
1.7 W
1.4 W
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RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP MAX
4.5
5.5
UNIT
VDD, PVDD
Supply voltage
VIH
High-level input voltage
GAIN0, GAIN1, SHUTDOWN
VIL
Low-level input voltage
GAIN0, GAIN1, SHUTDOWN
ROSC
Oscillator resistance
120
COSC
Oscillator capacitance
220
fs
Switching frequency
200
300
kHz
TA
Operating free-air temperature
-40
85
°C
2
V
V
0.8
V
kΩ
pF
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25°C, VDD = PVDD = 5 V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
| VOO |
Output offset voltage (measured differentially)
VI = 0 V
PSRR
Power supply rejection ratio
VDD=PVDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V
IIH
High-level input current
VDD=PVDD = 5.5 V, VI = VDD = PVDD
IIL
Low-level input current
VDD=PVDD = 5.5 V, VI = 0 V
IDD
Supply current
No filter (with or without speaker load)
IDD
Supply current
With filter, L = 22 µH, C = 1 µF
IDD(SD)
Supply current, shutdown mode
TYP
MAX
25
mV
1
µA
-77
8
UNIT
dB
1
µA
10
mA
15
mA
1
15
TYP
MAX
µA
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25°C, VDD = PVDD = 5 V, RL = 4 Ω, Gain = 8 dB (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
PO
Output power
THD = 0.1%, f = 1 kHz, RL = 3 Ω
THD+N
Total harmonic distortion plus noise
PO = 1 W, f = 20 Hz to 20 kHz
BOM
Maximum output power bandwidth
THD = 5%
kSVR
Supply ripple rejection ratio
f = 1 kHz, C(BYPASS) = 0.4 µF
SNR
Signal-to-noise ratio
Integrated noise floor
ZI
MIN
2
20
20 Hz to 20 kHz, No input
dB
87
dBV
56
µV
>20
kΩ
4
AMPLIFIER GAIN
(dB)
INPUT IMPEDANCE
(kΩ)
TYP
TYP
0
0
8
104
0
1
12
74
1
0
17.5
44
1
1
23.5
24
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kHz
-60
Table 1. Gain Settings
GAIN0
W
<0.5%
Input impedance
GAIN1
UNIT
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SLOS291F – MARCH 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2007
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table of Graphs
FIGURE
η
THD+N
Efficiency
vs Output power
FFT at 1.5 W output power
vs Frequency
Total harmonic distortion plus noise
2, 3
4
vs Output power
5-7
vs Frequency
8, 9
Crosstalk
vs Frequency
10
Power supply rejection ratio
vs Frequency
11
TEST SET-UP FOR GRAPHS
The THD+N measurements shown do not use an LC output filter, but use a low pass filter with a cutoff
frequency of 20 kHz so the switching frequency does not dominate the measurement. This is done to ensure
that the THD+N measured is just the audible THD+N. The THD+N measurements are shown at the highest gain
for worst case.
The LC output filter used in the efficiency curves (Figure 2 and Figure 3) is shown in Figure 1.
L1 = L2 = 22 µH (DCR = 110 mΩ,
Part number = SCD0703T-220 M-S,
Manufacturer = GCI)
C1 = C2 = 1 µF
The ferrite filter used in the efficiency curves (Figure 2 and Figure 3) is shown in Figure 1, where L is a ferrite
bead.
L1 = L2 = ferrite bead (part number = 2512067007Y3, manufacturer = Fair-Rite)
C1 = C2 = 1 nF
L1
OUT+
C1
OUT–
L2
C2
Figure 1. Class-D Output Filter
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
EFFICIENCY
vs
OUTPUT POWER
EFFICIENCY
vs
OUTPUT POWER
90
80
Ferrite Bead Filter
LC Filter
80
70
70
No Filter
60
LC Filter
Notebook Speaker
Efficiency − %
60
Efficiency − %
Ferrite Bead Filter
50
Class−AB
40
30
50
40
Class−AB
30
20
20
RL = 8 Ω, Multimedia Speaker
VDD = 5 V
10
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
PO − Output Power − W
1
RL = 3 Ω, Notebook PC Speaker
VDD = 5 V
10
0
1.2
0
0.5
1
1.5
PO − Output Power − W
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
FFT AT 1.5 W OUTPUT POWER
vs
FREQUENCY
+0
VDD = 5 V,
Gain = 8 dB,
f = 1 kHz,
PO = 1.5 W,
Bandwidth = 20 Hz to 22 kHz,
16386 Frequency Bins
Power − VdB
−20
−40
−60
−80
−100
−120
−140
0
2k
4k
6k
8k
10k
12k
14k
f − Frequency − Hz
Figure 4.
6
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16k
18k
20k
22k
24k
2
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs
OUTPUT POWER
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs
OUTPUT POWER
10
VDD = 5 V
Gain = 23.5 dB
RL = 3 Ω
THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion − %
THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion − %
10
1
1 kHz
20 Hz
0.1
20 kHz
0.01
10 m
100 m
PO − Output Power − W
1
2
1
1 kHz
20 Hz
0.1
20 kHz
0.01
10 m
3
1
100 m
2
3
PO − Output Power − W
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs
OUTPUT POWER
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs
FREQUENCY
10
10
VDD = 5 V
Gain = 23.5 dB
RL = 8 Ω
THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion − %
THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion − %
VDD = 5 V
Gain = 23.5 dB
RL = 4 Ω
1
1 kHz
20 Hz
0.1
20 kHz
0.01
10 m
VDD = 5 V
Gain = 23.5 dB
RL = 4 Ω
1
0.2 W
0.75 W
0.1
1.5 W
0.01
100 m
1
2
20
PO − Output Power − W
100
1k
10 k 20 k
f − Frequency − Hz
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
THD+N − Total Harmonic Distortion − %
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE
vs
FREQUENCY
10
VDD = 5 V
Gain = 23.5 dB
RL = 8 Ω
1
0.1 W
1W
0.1
0.5 W
0.01
20
100
1k
f − Frequency − Hz
20 k
Figure 9.
CROSSTALK
vs
FREQUENCY
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO
vs
FREQUENCY
−30
PSRR − Power Supply Rejection Ratio − dB
−30
Crosstalk − dB
−40
Left to Right
−50
Right to Left
−60
−70
1
10
100
1k
10 k
100 k
−40
−50
−60
−70
−80
−90
10
f − Frequency − Hz
Figure 10.
8
100
1k
10 k
f − Frequency − Hz
Figure 11.
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100 k
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
ELIMINATING THE OUTPUT FILTER WITH THE TPA2000D2
This section focuses on why the user can eliminate the output filter with the TPA2000D2.
EFFECT ON AUDIO
The class-D amplifier outputs a pulse-width modulated (PWM) square wave, which is the sum of the switching
waveform and the amplified input audio signal. The human ear acts as a band-pass filter such that only the
frequencies between approximately 20 Hz and 20 kHz are passed. The switching frequency components are
much greater than 20 kHz, so the only signal heard is the amplified input audio signal.
TRADITIONAL CLASS-D MODULATION SCHEME
The traditional class-D modulation scheme, which is used in the TPA005Dxx family, has a differential output
where each output is 180 degrees out of phase and changes from ground to the supply voltage, VDD. Therefore,
the differential prefiltered output varies between positive and negative VDD, where filtered 50% duty cycle yields
0 volts across the load. The traditional class-D modulation scheme with voltage and current waveforms is shown
in Figure 12. Note that even at an average of 0 volts across the load (50% duty cycle), the current to the load is
high causing high loss, thus causing a high supply current.
OUT+
OUT–
+5 V
Differential Voltage
Across Load
OV
–5 V
Current
Figure 12. Traditional Class-D Modulation Scheme's Output Voltage and Current Waveforms Into an
Inductive Load With No Input
TPA2000D2 MODULATION SCHEME
The TPA2000D2 uses a modulation scheme that still has each output switching from 0 to the supply voltage.
However, OUT+ and OUT- are now in phase with each other with no input. The duty cycle of OUT+ is greater
than 50% and OUT- is less than 50% for positive voltages. The duty cycle of OUT+ is less than 50% and OUTis greater than 50% for negative voltages. The voltage across the load sits at 0 volts throughout most of the
switching period greatly reducing the switching current, which reduces any I2R losses in the load.
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APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued)
OUT+
OUT–
Differential
Voltage
Across
Load
Output = 0 V
+5 V
0V
–5 V
Current
OUT+
OUT–
Differential
Voltage
Across
Load
Output > 0 V
+5 V
0V
–5 V
Current
Figure 13. The TPA2000D2 Output Voltage and Current Waveforms Into an Inductive Load
EFFICIENCY: WHY YOU MUST USE A FILTER WITH THE TRADITIONAL CLASS-D
MODULATION SCHEME
The main reason that the traditional class-D amplifier needs an output filter is that the switching waveform
results in maximum current flow. This causes more loss in the load, which causes lower efficiency. The ripple
current is large for the traditional modulation scheme because the ripple current is proportional to voltage
multiplied by the time at that voltage. The differential voltage swing is 2 × VDD and the time at each voltage is
half the period for the traditional modulation scheme. An ideal LC filter is needed to store the ripple current from
each half cycle for the next half cycle, while any resistance causes power dissipation. The speaker is both
resistive and reactive, whereas an LC filter is almost purely reactive.
The TPA2000D2 modulation scheme has very little loss in the load without a filter because the pulses are very
short and the change in voltage is VDD instead of 2 × VDD. As the output power increases, the pulses widen
making the ripple current larger. Ripple current could be filtered with an LC filter for increased efficiency, but for
most applications the filter is not needed.
An LC filter with a cutoff frequency less than the class-D switching frequency allows the switching current to flow
through the filter instead of the load. The filter has less resistance than the speaker, which results in less power
dissipated and increased efficiency.
EFFECTS OF APPLYING A SQUARE WAVE INTO A SPEAKER
Audio specialists have said for years not to apply a square wave to speakers. If the amplitude of the waveform is
high enough and the frequency of the square wave is within the bandwidth of the speaker, the square wave
could cause the voice coil to jump out of the air gap and/or scar the voice coil. A 250-kHz switching frequency,
however, is not significant because the speaker cone movement is proportional to 1/f2 for frequencies beyond
the audio band. Therefore, the amount of cone movement at the switching frequency is very small. However,
10
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APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued)
damage could occur to the speaker if the voice coil is not designed to handle the additional power. To size the
speaker for added power, the ripple current dissipated in the load needs to be calculated by subtracting the
theoretical supplied power, PSUP THEORETICAL, from the actual supply power, PSUP, at maximum output power,
POUT. The switching power dissipated in the speaker is the inverse of the measured efficiency, ηMEASURED, minus
the theoretical efficiency, ηTHEORETICAL.
PSPKR = PSUP – PSUP THEORETICAL (at max output power)
(1)
PSPKR = PSUP / POUT – PSUP THEORETICAL / POUT (at max output power)
(2)
PSPKR = 1/ηMEASURED – 1/ηTHEORETICAL (at max output power)
(3)
The maximum efficiency of the TPA2000D2 with an 8-Ω load is 85%. Using Equation 3 with the efficiency at
maximum power from Figure 2 (78%), we see that there is an additional 106 mW dissipated in the speaker. The
added power dissipated in the speaker is not an issue as long as it is taken into account when choosing the
speaker.
WHEN TO USE AN OUTPUT FILTER
Design the TPA2000D2 without the filter if the traces from amplifier to speaker are short. The TPA2000D2
passed FCC and CE radiated emissions with no shielding with speaker wires 8 inches (20,32 cm) long or less.
Notebook PCs and powered speakers where the speaker is in the same enclosure as the amplifier are good
applications for class-D without a filter.
A ferrite bead filter can often be used if the design is failing radiated emissions without a filter, and the frequency
sensitive circuit is greater than 1 MHz. This is good for circuits that just have to pass FCC and CE because FCC
and CE only test radiated emissions greater than 30 MHz. If choosing a ferrite bead, choose one with high
impedance at high frequencies, but very low impedance at low frequencies.
Use an output filter if there are low frequency (< 1 MHz) EMI sensitive circuits and/or there are long leads from
amplifier to speaker.
GAIN SETTING VIA GAIN0 AND GAIN1 INPUTS
The gain of the TPA2000D2 is set by two input terminals, GAIN0 and GAIN1.
The gains listed in Table 2 are realized by changing the taps on the input resistors inside the amplifier. This
causes the input impedance, ZI, to be dependent on the gain setting. The actual gain settings are controlled by
ratios of resistors, so the actual gain distribution from part-to-part is quite good. However, the input impedance
may shift by 30% due to shifts in the actual resistance of the input resistors.
For design purposes, the input network (discussed in the next section) should be designed assuming an input
impedance of 20 kΩ, which is the absolute minimum input impedance of the TPA2000D2. At the lower gain
settings, the input impedance could increase to as high as 115 kΩ.
Table 2. Gain Settings
GAIN1
GAIN0
AMPLIFIER GAIN
(dB)
INPUT IMPEDANCE
(kΩ)
TYP
TYP
0
0
8
104
0
1
12
74
1
0
17.5
44
1
1
23.5
24
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INPUT RESISTANCE
Each gain setting is achieved by varying the input resistance of the amplifier, which can range from its smallest
value to over 6 times that value.
ZF
CI
IN
Input
Signal
ZI
The -3 dB frequency can be calculated using Equation 4:
1
f *3 dB +
2p CI Z I
(4)
INPUT CAPACITOR, CI
In the typical application an input capacitor, CI, is required to allow the amplifier to bias the input signal to the
proper dc level for optimum operation. In this case, CI and the input impedance of the amplifier, ZI, form a
high-pass filter with the corner frequency determined in Equation 5.
−3 dB
fc(highpass) +
1
2 p ZI C I
fc
(5)
The value of CI is important, as it directly affects the bass (low frequency) performance of the circuit. Consider
the example where ZI is 20 kΩ and the specification calls for a flat bass response down to 80 Hz. Equation 5 is
reconfigured as Equation 6.
CI +
1
2p Z I f c
(6)
In this example, CI is 0.1 µF, so one would likely choose a value in the range of 0.1 µF to 1 µF. If the gain is
known and is constant, use ZI from Table 1 to calculate CI. A further consideration for this capacitor is the
leakage path from the input source through the input network (CI) and the feedback network to the load. This
leakage current creates a dc offset voltage at the input to the amplifier that reduces useful headroom, especially
in high gain applications. For this reason a low-leakage tantalum or ceramic capacitor is the best choice. When
polarized capacitors are used, the positive side of the capacitor should face the amplifier input in most
applications as the dc level there is held at VDD/2, which is likely higher than the source dc level. Note that it is
important to confirm the capacitor polarity in the application.
CI should be 10 times smaller than the bypass capacitor to reduce clicking and popping noise from power on/off
and entering and leaving shutdown. After sizing CI for a given cutoff frequency, size the bypass capacitor up to
10 times that of the input capacitor.
CI ≤ CBYP / 10
12
(7)
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SWITCHING FREQUENCY
The switching frequency is determined using the values of the components connected to ROSC (pin 18) and COSC
(pin 7) and is calculated with the following equation:
fs +
6.6
ROSC C OSC
(8)
The switching frequency was chosen to be centered on 250 kHz. This frequency is the optimum audio fidelity of
oversampling and of maximizing efficiency by minimizing the switching losses of the amplifier. The
recommended values are a resistance of 120 kΩ and a capacitance of 220 pF. Using these component values,
the amplifier operates properly by using 5% tolerance resistors and 10% tolerance capacitors. The tolerance of
the components can be changed, as long as the switching frequency remains between 200 kHz and 300 kHz.
Within this range, the internal circuitry of the device provides stable operation.
POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING, CS
The TPA2000D2 is a high-performance CMOS audio amplifier that requires adequate power supply decoupling
to ensure the output total harmonic distortion (THD) is as low as possible. Power supply decoupling also
prevents oscillations for long lead lengths between the amplifier and the speaker. The optimum decoupling is
achieved by using two capacitors of different types that target different types of noise on the power supply leads.
For higher frequency transients, spikes, or digital hash on the line, a good low equivalent-series-resistance
(ESR) ceramic capacitor, typically 0.1 µF placed as close as possible to the device VDD lead works best. For
filtering lower-frequency noise signals, a larger aluminum electrolytic capacitor of 10 µF or greater placed near
the audio power amplifier is recommended.
MIDRAIL BYPASS CAPACITOR, CBYP
The midrail bypass capacitor, CBYP, is the most critical capacitor and serves several important functions. During
start-up or recovery from shutdown mode, CBYP determines the rate at which the amplifier starts up. The second
function is to reduce noise produced by the power supply caused by coupling into the output drive signal. This
noise is from the midrail generation circuit internal to the amplifier, which appears as degraded PSRR and
THD+N.
Bypass capacitor, CBYP, values of 0.47 µF to 1 µF ceramic or tantalum low-ESR capacitors are recommended
for the best THD and noise performance.
Increasing the bypass capacitor reduces clicking and popping noise from power on/off and entering and leaving
shutdown. To have minimal pop, CBYP should be 10 times larger than CI.
CBYP ≥ 10 × CI
(9)
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
The differential input stage of the amplifier cancels any noise that appears on both input lines of a channel. To
use the TPA2000D2 EVM with a differential source, connect the positive lead of the audio source to the RINP
(LINP) input and the negative lead from the audio source to the RINN (LINN) input. To use the TPA2000D2 with
a single-ended source, ac ground the RINN and LINN inputs through a capacitor and apply the audio single to
the RINP and LINP inputs. In a single-ended input application, the RINN and LINN inputs should be
ac-grounded at the audio source instead of at the device inputs for best noise performance.
SHUTDOWN MODES
The TPA2000D2 employs a shutdown mode of operation designed to reduce supply current, IDD, to the absolute
minimum level during periods of nonuse for battery-power conservation. The SHUTDOWN input terminal should
be held high during normal operation when the amplifier is in use. Pulling SHUTDOWN low causes the outputs
to mute and the amplifier to enter a low-current state, IDD(SD) = 1 µA. SHUTDOWN should never be left
unconnected, because amplifier operation would be unpredictable.
Submit Documentation Feedback
13
TPA2000D2
www.ti.com
SLOS291F – MARCH 2000 – REVISED MARCH 2007
USING LOW-ESR CAPACITORS
Low-ESR capacitors are recommended throughout this application section. A real (as opposed to ideal)
capacitor can be modeled simply as a resistor in series with an ideal capacitor. The voltage drop across this
resistor minimizes the beneficial effects of the capacitor in the circuit. The lower the equivalent value of this
resistance the more the real capacitor behaves like an ideal capacitor.
EVALUATION CIRCUIT
C1
0.1 µF
LEFT AUDIO INPUT+
LEFT AUDIO OUTPUT–
VDD
TPA2000D2
GAIN SELECT
PGND
PGND
LOUTN
LOUTP
GAIN0
BYPASS
LPVDD
LPVDD
C5
C17
C2
0.1 µF
0.1 µF
LEFT AUDIO INPUT–
C3
C7
0.1 µF
LINN
LINP
AGND
VDD
COSC
ROSC
RINN
RINP
220 pF
RIGHT AUDIO INPUT+
RPVDD
10
TO SYSTEM CONTROL
C18
0.1 µF
SHUTDOWN
ROUTN
PGND
C6
20
ROUTP
LEFT AUDIO OUTPUT+
10 µF
C21
VDD
0.1 µF
VDD
C20
0.1 µF
R1
120k
C8
10 µF
RPVDD
GAIN1
1 µF
C19
GAIN SELECT
0.1 µF
RIGHT AUDIO OUTPUT +
PGND
VDD
RIGHT AUDIO OUTPUT –
C4
RIGHT AUDIO INPUT–
0.1 µF
Table 3. TPA2000D2 Application Bill of Materials
SIZE
QUANTITY
C1-4, C17-21
REFERENCE
Capacitor, ceramic chip, 0.1 µF, ±10%, X7R, 50 V
0805
9
Kemet
C0805C104K5RAC
C5
Capacitor, ceramic, 1.0 µF, 80%/-20%, Y5V, 16 V
0805
1
Murata
GRM40-Y5V105Z16
C6, C8
Capacitor, ceramic, 10 µF, 80%/-20%, Y5V, 16 V
1210
2
Murata
GRM235-Y5V106Z16
C7
Capacitor, ceramic, 220 pF, ±10%, XICON, 50 V
0805
2
Mouser
140-CC501B221K
R1
Resistor, chip, 120 kΩ, 1/10 W, 5%, XICON
0805
1
Mouser
260-120K
U1
IC, TPA2000D2, audio power amplifier, 2-W,
2-channel, class-D
24 pin
TSSOP
1
TI
TPA2000D2PWP
14
DESCRIPTION
Submit Documentation Feedback
MANUFACTURER
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
18-Apr-2006
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status (1)
Package
Type
Package
Drawing
Pins Package Eco Plan (2)
Qty
TPA2000D2PW
ACTIVE
TSSOP
PW
24
60
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPA2000D2PWG4
ACTIVE
TSSOP
PW
24
60
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPA2000D2PWP
ACTIVE
HTSSOP
PWP
24
60
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPA2000D2PWPG4
ACTIVE
HTSSOP
PWP
24
60
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPA2000D2PWPR
ACTIVE
HTSSOP
PWP
24
2000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPA2000D2PWPRG4
ACTIVE
HTSSOP
PWP
24
2000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPA2000D2PWR
ACTIVE
TSSOP
PW
24
2000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
TPA2000D2PWRG4
ACTIVE
TSSOP
PW
24
2000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp (3)
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in
a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check
http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered
at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and
package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS
compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame
retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder
temperature.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is
provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the
accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take
reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on
incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited
information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI
to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 1
MECHANICAL DATA
MTSS001C – JANUARY 1995 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1999
PW (R-PDSO-G**)
PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE
14 PINS SHOWN
0,30
0,19
0,65
14
0,10 M
8
0,15 NOM
4,50
4,30
6,60
6,20
Gage Plane
0,25
1
7
0°– 8°
A
0,75
0,50
Seating Plane
0,15
0,05
1,20 MAX
PINS **
0,10
8
14
16
20
24
28
A MAX
3,10
5,10
5,10
6,60
7,90
9,80
A MIN
2,90
4,90
4,90
6,40
7,70
9,60
DIM
4040064/F 01/97
NOTES: A.
B.
C.
D.
All linear dimensions are in millimeters.
This drawing is subject to change without notice.
Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0,15.
Falls within JEDEC MO-153
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