TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 POWER AND BATTERY MANAGEMENT IC FOR LI-ION POWERED SYSTEMS FEATURES • • • • • • • • • • • Linear Charger Management for Single Li-Ion or Li-Polymer Cells Dual Input Ports for Charging From USB or From Wall Plug, Handles 100-mA / 500-mA USB Requirements Charge Current Programmable via External Resistor 1-A, 95% Efficient Step-Down Converter for I/O and Peripheral Components (VMAIN) 400-mA, 90% Efficient Step-Down Converter for Processor Core (VCORE) 2x 200-mA LDOs for I/O and Peripheral Components, LDO Enable via Bus Serial Interface Compatible With I2C, Supports 100-kHz, 400-kHz Operation LOW_PWR Pin to Lower or Disable Processor Core Supply Voltage in Deep Sleep Mode 70-µA Quiescent Current 1% Reference Voltage Thermal Shutdown Protection APPLICATIONS • • • All Single Li-Ion Cell-Operated Products Requiring Multiple Supplies Including: – PDA – Cellular/Smart Phone – Internet Audio Player – Digital Still Camera Digital Radio Player Split Supply DSP and µP Solutions DESCRIPTION The TPS65014 is an integrated power and battery management IC for applications powered by one Li-ion or Li-polymer cell and which require multiple power rails. The TPS65014 provides two highly efficient, step-down converters targeted at providing the core voltage and peripheral, I/O rails in a processor-based system. Both step-down converters enter a low power mode at light load for maximum efficiency across the widest possible range of load currents. The LOW_PWR pin allows the core converter to lower its output voltage when the application processor goes into deep sleep. The TPS65014 also integrates two 200-mA LDO voltage regulators, which are enabled via the serial interface. Each LDO operates with an input voltage range between 1.8 V and 6.5 V, allowing them to be supplied from one of the step-down converters or directly from the battery. The TPS65014 also has a highly integrated and flexible Li-Ion linear charger and system power management. It offers integrated USB-port and ac-adapter supply management with autonomous power-source selection, power FET and current sensor, high accuracy current and voltage regulation, charge status, and charge termination. The TPS65014 charger automatically selects the USB-port or the ac-adapter as the power source for the system. In the USB configuration, the host can increase the charge current from the default value of maximum 100 mA to 500 mA via the interface. In the ac-adapter configuration, an external resistor sets the maximum value of charge current. The battery is charged in three phases: conditioning, constant current, and constant voltage. Charge is normally terminated based on minimum current. An internal charge timer provides a safety backup for charge termination. The TPS65014 automatically restarts the charge if the battery voltage falls below an internal threshold. The charger automatically enters sleep mode when both supplies are removed. Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. I2C is a trademark of Phillips. PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2004, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. The serial interface can be used for dynamic voltage scaling, for collecting information on and controlling the battery charger status, for optionally controlling 2 LED driver outputs, a vibrator driver, masking interrupts, or for disabling/enabling and setting the LDO output voltages. The interface is compatible with the fast/standard mode I2C™ specification allowing transfers at up to 400 kHz. ORDERING INFORMATION (1) (2) TA PACKAGE PART NUMBER (1) (2) -40°C to 85°C 7 mm × 7 mm, 48-pin QFN TPS65014RGZ The RGZ package is available in tape and reel. Add R suffix (TPS65014RGZR) to order quantities of 2500 parts per reel. Add T suffix (TPS65014RGZT) to order quantities of 250 parts per reel. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free-air temperature range unless otherwise noted (1) UNIT Input voltage on VAC pin with respect to AGND 20 V Input voltage range on all other pins except AGND/PGND pins with respect to AGND -0.3 V to 7 V HBM and CDM capabilities at pins VIB, PG, and LED2 1 kV Current at AC, VBAT, VINMAIN, L1, PGND1 1800 mA Peak current at all other pins 1000 mA Continuous power dissipation See Dissipation Rating Table Operating free-air temperature, TA -40°C to 85°C Maximum junction temperature, TJ 125°C Storage temperature, Tstg -65°C to 150°C Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds (1) 260°C Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. PACKAGE DISSIPATION RATINGS (1) AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (1) (2) 2 MAX POWER DISSIPATION FOR Tj= 125°C (2) 25°C 3W 55°C 2.1 W DERATING FACTOR ABOVE TA= 55°C 30 mW/°C The TPS65014 is housed in a 48-pin QFN package with exposed leadframe on the underside. This 7 mm × 7 mm package exhibits a thermal impedance (junction-to-ambient) of 33 K/W when mounted on a JEDEC high-k board. Consideration needs to be given to the maximum charge current when the assembled application board exhibits a thermal impedance which differs significantly from the JEDEC high-k board. TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS MIN NOM MAX UNIT V(AC) Supply voltage from ac adapter 4.5 6.5 V V(USB) Supply voltage from USB 4.4 5.25 V V(BAT) Voltage at charger output/battery 2.5 4.2 V VI(MAIN),VI(CORE),VCC Input voltage range step-down converters 2.5 6.0 V VI(LDO1), VI(LDO2) Input voltage range for LDOs 1.8 6.5 V TA Operating ambient temperature -40 85 °C TJ Operating junction temperature -40 125 °C R(CC) Resistor from VI(main),VI(core) to VCC used for filtering, CI(VCC) = 1 µF 100 Ω 10 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VI(MAIN) = VI(CORE) = VCC = VI(LDO1) = VI(LDO2) = 3.6 V, TA = -40°C to 85°C, typical values are at TA = 25°C battery charger specifications are valid in the range 0°C < TA < 85°C unless otherwise noted PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 2 VCC V 0 0.8 V 1.0 µA 0.8 VCC 6 V 0 0.4 CONTROL SIGNALS: LOW_PWR, SCLK, SDAT (Input) VIH High-level input voltage IIH = 20 µA VIL Low-level input voltage IIL = 10 µA IIB Input bias current (1) 0.01 CONTROL SIGNALS: PB_ONOFF, HOT_RESET, BATT_COVER VIH High-level input voltage IIH = 20 µA (1) VIL Low-level input voltage IIL = 10 µA R(pb_onoff) Pulldown resistor at PB_ONOFF 1000 kΩ R(hot_reset) Pullup resistor at HOT_RESET, connected to VCC 1000 kΩ R(batt_cover) Pulldown resistor at BATT_COVER t(glitch) De-glitch time at all 3 pins t(batt_cover) Delay after t(glitch) (PWRFAIL goes low) before supplies are disabled when BATT_COVER goes low. 2000 V kΩ 38 56 77 ms 1.68 2.4 3.2 ms CONTROL SIGNALS: MPU_RESET, PWRFAIL, RESPWRON, INT, SDAT (output) VOH High-level output voltage VOL Low-level output voltage td(mpu_nreset) Duration of low pulse at MPU_RESET td(nrespwron) Duration of low pulse at RESPWRON after VMAIN is in regulation 6 IIL = 10 mA 0 0.3 100 V V µs TPOR = 0 80 100 120 TPOR = 1 800 1000 1200 ms td(uvlo) Time between UVLO going active (PWRFAIL going low) and supplies being disabled 1.68 2.4 3.2 ms td(overtemp) Time between chip overtemperature condition being recognized (PWRFAIL going low) and supplies being disabled 1.68 2.4 3.2 ms 70 µA 25 µA SUPPLY PIN: VCC I(Q) IO(SD) Operating quiescent current VI = 3.6 V, current into Main + Core + VCC Shutdown supply current VI = 3.6 V, BATT_COVER = GND, Current into Main + Core + VCC 15 VMAIN STEP-DOWN CONVERTER VI Input voltage range IO Maximum output current IO(SD) Shutdown supply current BATT_COVER = GND 0.1 1 µA rDS(on) P-channel MOSFET on-resistance VI(MAIN) = VGS = 3.6 V 110 210 mΩ (1) 2.5 6.0 1000 V mA If the input voltage is higher than VCC, an additional input current, limited by an internal 10-kΩ resister, flows. 3 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VI(MAIN) = VI(CORE) = VCC = VI(LDO1) = VI(LDO2) = 3.6 V, TA = -40°C to 85°C, typical values are at TA = 25°C battery charger specifications are valid in the range 0°C < TA < 85°C unless otherwise noted PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Ilkg(p) P-channel leakage current V(DS) = 6 V rDS(on) N-channel MOSFET on-resistance VI(MAIN) = VGS = 3.6 V Ilkg(N) N-channel leakage current V(DS) = 6 V IL P-channel current limit 2.5 V< VI(MAIN) < 6 V fS Oscillator frequency 2.5 V 2.75 V VO(MAIN) Fixed output voltage 3.0 V 3.3 V R(VMAIN) MIN TYP MAX µA 110 200 mΩ 1 µA 1.4 1.75 2.1 A 1 1.25 1.5 MHz VI(MAIN) = 2.7 V to 6 V; IO = 0 mA 0% 3% VI(MAIN) = 2.7 V to 6 V; 0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 1000 mA 3% 3% VI(MAIN) = 2.95 V to 6 V; IO = 0 mA 0% 3% VI(MAIN) = 2.95 V to 6 V; 0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 1000 mA 3% 3% VI(MAIN) = 3.2 V to 6 V; IO= 0 mA 0% 3% VI(MAIN) = 3.2 V to 6 V; 0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 1000 mA 3% 3% VI(MAIN) = 3.5 V to 6 V; IO= 0 mA 0% 3% VI(MAIN) = 3.5 V to 6 V; 0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 1000 mA 3% 3% Line regulation VI(MAIN) = VO(MAIN) + 0.5 V (min. 2.5 V) to 6 V, IO = 10 mA Load regulation IO = 10 mA to 1000 mA UNIT 1 VMAIN discharge resistance 0.5 %/V 0.12 %/A 400 Ω VCORE STEP-DOWN CONVERTER VI Input voltage range 2.5 IO Maximum output current 400 IO(SD) Shutdown supply current BATT_COVER = GND 0.1 1 µA rDS(on) P-channel MOSFET on-resistance VI(CORE) = VGS = 3.6 V 275 530 mΩ Ilkg(p) P-channel leakage current VDS = 6 V 0.1 1 µA rDS(on) N-channel MOSFET on-resistance VI(CORE) = VGS = 3.6 V 275 500 mΩ Ilkg(N) N-channel leakage current VDS = 6 V IL P-channel current limit 2.5 V < VI(CORE) < 6 V fS Oscillator frequency 4 6.0 V mA 0.1 1 µA 600 700 900 mA 1 1.25 1.5 MHz TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VI(MAIN) = VI(CORE) = VCC = VI(LDO1) = VI(LDO2) = 3.6 V, TA = -40°C to 85°C, typical values are at TA = 25°C battery charger specifications are valid in the range 0°C < TA < 85°C unless otherwise noted PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS 0.85 V 1.0 V 1.1 V VO(CORE) Fixed output voltage 1.2 V 1.3 V 1.4 V 1.5 V 1.8 V R(VCORE) MIN TYP MAX VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; IO = 0 mA, CO = 22 µF 0% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; 0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 400 mA, CO = 22 µF 3% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; IO = 0 mA, CO = 22 µF 0% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; 0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 400 mA, CO = 22 µF 3% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; IO= 0 mA, CO = 22 µF 0% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; 0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 400 mA, CO = 22 µF 3% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 0 V; IO = 0 mA 0% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; 0 mA ≤ IO≤ 400 mA 3% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; IO= 0 mA 0% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; 0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 400 mA 3% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; IO= 0 mA 0% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; 0 mA ≤ IO≤ 400 mA 3% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; IO = 0 mA 0% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; 0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 400 mA 3% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; IO= 0 mA 0% 3% VI(CORE) = 2.5 V to 6 V; 0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 400 mA 3% 3% Line regulation VI(CORE) = VO(MAIN) + 0.5 V (min. 2.5 V) to 6 V, IO = 10 mA Load regulation IO = 10 mA to 400 mA 1 %/V 0.002 VCORE discharge resistance UNIT %/mA Ω 400 VLDO1 and VLDO2 LOW-DROPOUT REGULATORS LD01 1.8 6.5 LD02 1.8 VCC VI Input voltage range VO LDO1 output voltage range 0.9 Vref Reference voltage 485 VO LDO2 output voltage range VINLDO1 500 1.8 Full-power mode 200 Low-power mode 30 IO Maximum output current I(SC) LDO1 and LDO2 short-circuit current limit VLDO1 = GND, VLDO2 = GND Dropout voltage IO = 200 mA, VINLDO1,2 = 1.8 V V 515 mV 3.3 V mA 650 mA 300 mV ±3% Total accuracy Line regulation VINLDO1,2 = VLDO1,2 + 0.5 V (min. 2.5 V) to 6.5 V, IO = 10 mA Load regulation IO = 10 mA to 200 mA Regulation time V 0.75 %/V 0.011 Load change from 10% to 90% %/mA 0.1 Low-power mode 0.1 ms I(QFP) LDO quiescent current (each LDO) Full-power mode 16 30 µA I(QLPM) LDO quiescent current (each LDO) Low-power mode 12 18 µA IO(SD) LDO shutdown current (each LDO) 0.1 1 µA Ilkg(FB) Leakage current feedback 0.01 0.1 µA 5 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Battery Charger, VO(REG) + V(DO-MAX) ≤ V(CHG) = V(AC) or V(USB), I(TERM) < IO ≤ 1 A, 0°C < TA < 85°C PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX V(AC) Input voltage range 4.5 6.5 V(USB) Input voltage range 4.35 5.25 ICC(VCHG) Supply current V(CHG) > V(CHG)min ICC(SLP) Sleep current Sum of currents into VBAT pin, V(CHG) < V(SLP-ENTRY), 0°C≤ TJ ≤ 85°C ICC(STBY) Standby current V V 1.2 2 mA 2 5 µA 200 400 Current into USB pin 45 Current into AC pin UNIT µA VOLTAGE REGULATOR VO VDO Output voltage V(CHG)min ≥ 4.5 V 4.20 4.25 Dropout voltage (V(AC) - VBAT) VO(REG) + V(DO-MAX) ≤ V(CHG), IO(OUT) = 1 A 500 800 Dropout voltage (V(USB) - VBAT) VO(REG) + V(DO-MAX)≤ V(CHG), IO(OUT) = 0.5 A 300 500 Dropout voltage (V(USB) - VBAT) VO(REG) + V(DO-MAX) ≤ V(CHG), IO(OUT) = 0.1 A 100 150 4.15 V mV CURRENT REGULATION Output current range for ac operation (1) IO(AC) VCHG ≥ 4.5V, VI(OUT) > V(LOWV), V(AC) - VI(BAT)> V(DO-MAX) Output current set voltage for ac operation at ISET pin. 100% output current I2C register CHGCONFIG<4:3> = 11 75% output current I2C register CHGCONFIG<4:3> = 10 V(SET) I2C 50% output current register CHGCONFIG<4:3> = 01 2.50 2.55 1.83 1.91 1.99 1.23 1.31 1.39 0.76 0.81 0.86 100 mA < IO < 1000 mA 310 330 350 10 mA < IO < 100 mA 300 340 380 Vmin ≥ 4.5V, VI(BAT) > V(LOWV), V(AC) VI(BAT) > V(DO-MAX) 32% output current register CHGCONFIG<4:3> = 00 Output current set factor for ac operation IO(USB) Output current range for USB operation R(ISET) 1000 2.45 I2C KSET 100 mA V V(CHG)min ≥ 4.35 V, VI(BAT) > V(LOWV), V(USB) - VI(BAT) > V(DO-MAX), I2C register CHGCONFIG<2> = 0 80 V(CHG)min ≥ 4.5 V, VI(BAT) > V(LOWV), VUSB - VI(BAT) > V(DO-MAX), I2C register CHGCONFIG<2> = 1 400 500 825 8250 Ω Resistor range at ISET pin 100 mA PRECHARGE CURRENT REGULATION, SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT, AND BATTERY DETECTION CURRENT V(LOWV) Precharge to fast-charge transition threshold, voltage on VBAT pin. V(CHG) min ≥ 4.5V 2.8 3 3.2 V De-glitch time V(CHG) min ≥ 4.5 V, VI(OUT) decreasing below threshold; 100-ns fall time, 10-mV overdrive 8.8 23 60 ms 0 ≤ VI(OUT) < V(LOWV), t < t(PRECHG) 10 100 mA 270 mV (2) I(PRECHG) Precharge current I(DETECT) Battery detection current V(SET-PRECHG) Voltage at ISET pin KSET V I O(AC) (1) R (SET) (ISET) KSET V I (2) 6 (PRECHG) (SET_PRECHG) R (ISET) 200 0 ≤ VI(OUT) < V(LOWV), t < t(PRECHG) 240 255 µA TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT 100 mA CHARGE TAPER AND TERMINATION DETECTION I(TAPER) Taper current detect range V(SET_TAPER) V(SET_TERM) (3) VI(OUT) > V(RCH), t < t(TAPER) 10 Voltage at ISET pin for charge TAPER detection VI(OUT) > V(RCH), t < t(TAPER) 235 250 265 mV Voltage at ISET pin for charger termination detection (4) VI(OUT) > V(RCH) 11 18 25 mV De-glitch time for I(TAPER) V(CHG) min ≥ 4.5V, charging current increasing or decreasing above and below; 100-ns fall time, 10-mV overdrive 8.8 23 60 ms De-glitch time for I(TERM) V(CHG) min ≥ 4.5 V, charging current decreasing below;100-ns fall time, 10-mV overdrive 8.8 23 60 ms TEMPERATURE COMPARATOR V(LTF) Low (cold) temperature threshold 2.475 2.50 2.525 V(HTF) High (hot) temperature threshold 0.485 0.5 0.515 V V I(TS) TS current source 95 102 110 µA De-glitch time for temperature fault 8.8 23 60 ms VO(REG) -0.115 VO(REG) -0.1 VO(REG) -0.085 8.8 23 60 BATTERY RECHARGE THRESHOLD Recharge threshold V(CHG)min ≥ 4.5 V De-glitch time V(CHG)min ≥ 4.5 V, VI(OUT) decreasing below threshold; 100-ns fall time, 10-mV overdrive t(PRECHG) Precharge timer V(CHG)min ≥ 4.5 V 1500 1800 2160 s t(TAPER) Taper timer V(CHG)min ≥ 4.5 V 1500 1800 2160 s t(CHG) Charge timer V(CHG)min ≥ 4.5 V 15000 18000 21600 s V(CHG)≤ VI(OUT) +150 mV V V(RCH) V ms TIMERS SLEEP AND STANDBY V(SLP-ENTRY) Sleep-mode entry threshold, PG output = high 2.3 V ≤ VI(OUT) ≤ VO(REG) V(SLP_EXIT) Sleep-mode exit threshold,PG output = low 2.3 V ≤ VI(OUT)≤ VO(REG) AC or USB decreasing below De-glitch time for sleep mode entry and exit threshold; 100-ns fall time, 10-mV overdrive V(CHG) ≥ VI(OUT) + 250 mV 8.8 Delay between valid USB voltage being applied and start of charging process from USB t(USB_DEL) V 23 60 5 ms ms CHARGER POWER-ON-RESET, UVLO, AND V(IN) RAMP RATE V(CHGUVLO) Charger undervoltage lockout V(CHG) decreasing 2.27 Hysteresis V(CHGOVLO) 2.5 2.75 27 Charger overvoltage lockout V mV 6.5 V CHARGER OVERTEMPERATURE SUSPEND T(suspend) Temperature at which charger suspends operation T(hyst) Hysteresis of suspend threshold 145 °C 20 °C LOGIC SIGNALS DEFMAIN, DEFCORE, PS_SEQ, IFLSB VIH High-level input voltage IIH = 20 µA VCC-0.5 VCC VIL Low-level input voltage IIL = 10 µA 0 0.4 V IIB Input bias current 1.0 µA KSET V I (TAPER) R (3) KSET V I (4) (TERM) R 0.01 V (SET_TAPER) (ISET) (SET_TERM) (ISET) 7 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT LOGIC SIGNALS GPIO1-4 VOL Low-level output voltage IOL = 1 mA, configured as an open-drain output VOH High-level output voltage Configured as an open-drain output VIL Low -level input voltage 0 VIH High-level input voltage 2 VCC (5) V II Input leakage current 1 µA rDS(on) Internal NMOS VOL = 0.3 V 0.3 V 6 V 0.8 V Ω 150 LOGIC SIGNALS PG, LED2 VOL Low-level output voltage VOH High-level output voltage V(PG) IOL = 20 mA 0.5 V 6 V V(BAT) + xx mV PG threshold voltage USB and AC V VIBRATOR DRIVER VIB VOL Low-level output voltage VOH High-level output voltage IOL = 100 mA 0.3 0.5 V 6 V THERMAL SHUTDOWN T(SD) Thermal shutdown Increasing junction temperature °C 160 UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT V(UVLO) V(UVLO_HYST) Undervoltage lockout threshold. The default value for UVLO is 2.75 V V(UVLO) 2.5 V -3% 3% V(UVLO) 2.75 V -3% 3% -3% 3% V(UVLO) 3.0 V Filter resistor = 10R in series with VCC, VCC decreasing V(UVLO) 3.25 V UVLO comparator hysteresis -3% VCC rising 3% 350 400 450 VMAIN, VCORE, VLDO1, VLDO2 decreasing -12% -10% -8% VMAIN, VCORE, VLDO1, VLDO2 increasing -7% -5% -3% POWER GOOD (5) 8 If the input voltage is higher than VCC an additional current, limited by an internal 10-kΩ resistor, flows. mV TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 SERIAL INTERFACE TIMING REQUIREMENTS MIN MAX UNIT Clock frequency, fMAX 400 Clock high time, twH(HIGH) 600 Clock low time, twL(LOW) kHz ns 1300 ns DATA and CLK rise time, tR 300 ns DATA and CLK fall time, tF 300 ns Hold time (repeated) START condition (after this period the first clock pulse is generated), th(STA) 600 ns Setup time for repeated START condition, th(DATA) 600 ns 0 ns Data input setup time, tsu(DATA) 100 ns STOP condition setup time, tsu(STO) 600 ns 1300 ns Data input hold time, th(DATA) Bus free time, t(BUF) PIN ASSIGNMENTS LOW_PWR INT PWRFAIL RESPWRON MPU_RESET HOT_RESET SCLK SDAT IFLSB TPOR GPIO1 GPIO2 RGZ PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 1 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 VLDO1 VFB_LDO1 VINLDO1 AGND1 VLDO2 VINLDO2 GPIO3 GPIO4 PGND1_B PGND1_A PS_SEQ VMAIN DEFCORE LED2 VIB L2 VINCORE VCC VINMAIN_A VINMAIN_B L1_A L1_B PG DEFMAIN ISET TS BATT_COVER AC VBAT_A VBAT_B USB AGND2 AGND3 PGND2 PB_ONOFF VCORE NC − No internal connection 9 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 Terminal Functions TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION CHARGER SECTION AC 40 I Charger input voltage from ac adapter. The AC pin can be left open or can be connected to ground if the charger is not used. USB 43 I Charger input voltage from USB port. The USB pin can be left open or can be connected to ground if the charger is not used. ISET 37 I External charge current setting resistor connection for use with ac adapter VBAT_A 41 I Sense input for the battery voltage. Connect directly with the battery. VBAT_B 42 O Power output of the battery charger. Connect directly with the battery. TS 38 I Battery temperature sense input PG 11 O Indicates when a valid power supply is present for the charger (open drain) AGND2 44 PowerPAD™ Analog ground connection. All analog ground pins are connected internally on the chip. - Connect the PowerPAD to GND SWITCHING REGULATOR SECTION AGND3 45 VINMAIN_A, VINMAIN_B 7,8 L1_A, L1_B 9,10 Analog ground connection. All analog ground pins are connected internally on the chip. I Input voltage for VMAIN step-down converter. This must be connected to the same voltage supply as VINCORE and VCC. Switch pin of VMAIN converter. The VMAIN inductor is connected here. VMAIN 13 I VMAIN feedback voltage sense input, connect directly to VMAIN VCC 6 I Power supply for digital and analog circuitry of MAIN and CORE dc-dc converters. This must be connected to the same voltage supply as VINCORE and VINMAIN. Also supplies serial interface block PGND1_A, PGND1_B 15,16 VINCORE 5 L2 4 VCORE 48 PGND2 46 Power ground for VMAIN converter I Input voltage for VCORE step-down converter. This must be connected to the same voltage supply as VINMAIN and VCC. Switch pin of VCORE converter. The VCORE inductor is connected here. I VCORE feedback voltage sense input, connect directly to VCORE Power ground for VCORE converter LDO REGULATOR SECTION AGND1 21 VINLDO1 22 I Analog ground connection. All analog ground pins are connected internally on the chip. Input voltage for LDO1 VLDO1 24 O Output voltage for LDO1 VFB_LDO1 23 I Feedback input from external resistive divider for LDO1 VINLDO2 19 I Input voltage for LDO2 VLDO2 20 O Output and feedback voltage for LDO2 LED2 2 O LED driver, with blink rate programmable via serial interface VIB 3 O Vibrator driver, enabled via serial interface DRIVER SECTION CONTROL AND I2C SECTION PS_SEQ 14 I Sets power-up/down sequence of step-down converters PB_ONOFF 47 I Push-button enable pin, also used to wake up processor from low power mode BATT_COVER 39 I Indicates if battery cover is in place HOT_RESET 31 I Push-button reset input used to reboot or wake up processor via TPS65014 MPU_RESET 32 O Open-drain reset output generated by user activated HOT_RESET RESPWRON 33 O Open-drain system reset output, generated according to the state of the VMAIN output voltage. If the main output is disabled, RESPWRON is active (i.e., low). TPOR 27 I 10 Sets the reset delay time at RESPWRON. TPOR = 0: Tn(RESPWRON) = 100 ms. TPOR = 1: Tn(RESPWRON) = 1 s. TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 Terminal Functions (continued) TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION CHARGER SECTION PWRFAIL 34 O Open-drain output. Active low when UVLO comparator indicates low VBAT condition or when shutdown is about to occur due to an overtemperature condition or when the battery cover is removed (BATT_COVER has gone low). INT 35 O Indicates a charge fault or termination, or if any of the regulator outputs are below the lower tolerance level, active low (open drain) LOW_PWR 36 I Input signal indicating deep sleep mode, VCORE is lowered to predefined value or disabled DEFMAIN 12 I Input signal indicating default VMAIN voltage, 0 = 3 V, 1 = 3.3 V DEFCORE 1 I Input signal indicating default VCORE voltage, 0 = 1.5 V, 1 = 1.8 V SCLK 30 I Serial interface clock line SDAT 29 I/O IFLSB 28 I GPIO1 26 I/O General-purpose open-drain input/output GPIO2 25 I/O General-purpose open-drain input/output GPIO3 18 I/O General-purpose open-drain input/output GPIO4 17 I/O General-purpose open-drain input/output Serial interface data/address LSB of serial interface address used to distinguish two devices with the same address 11 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM MAX(AC,USB,VBAT) AC USB VBAT PG Linear Charge Controller ISET TS SCLK SDAT AGND2 Serial Interface IFLSB Thermal Shutdown VINMAIN PS_SEQ LOW_PWR PB_ONOFF BATT_COVER HOT_RESET TPOR VMAIN Control Step-Down Converter RESPWRON MPU_RESET VCC AGND3 VINCORE INT PWRFAIL GPIO1 GPIO2 GPIO3 GPIO4 VIB L1 VMAIN DEFMAIN PGND1 UVLO VREF OSC L2 VCORE VCORE Step-Down Converter DEFCORE PGND2 GPIOs VINLDO1 VLDO1 200-mA LDO VLDO1 VFB_LDO1 AGND1 LED2 VINLDO2 VLDO2 VLDO2 200-mA LDO 12 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table of Graphs FIGURE Efficiency vs Output current Quiescent current vs Input voltage 1-4 Switching frequency vs Temperature LDO1 Output voltage vs Output current 7, 8, 9 LDO2 Output voltage vs Output current 10 5 6 Line transient response (main) 11 Line transient response (core) 12 Line transient response (LDO1) 13 Line transient response (LDO2) 14 Load transient response (main) 15 Load transient response (core) 16 Load transient response (LDO1) 17 Load transient response (LDO2) 18 Output voltage ripple (PFM) 19 Output voltage ripple (PWM) 20 Start-up timing 21 Dropout voltage vs Output current PSRR (LDO1 and LDO2) vs Frequency EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 100 90 90 80 VO = 3.3 V EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 100 Main: VI = 3.8 V, TA = 25°C, PFWM = 1 90 50 40 30 Main: VI = 3.8 V, TA = 25°C, FPWM = 0 20 10 0.10 1 10 100 IO - Output Current - mA Figure 1. 1k 10 k 60 70 VO = 3.3 V Efficiency - % VO = 2.5 V 60 VO = 2.5 V 50 40 40 30 20 10 10 1 10 100 IO − Output Current − mA Figure 2. 1k 10 k VO = 0.85 V 50 20 0.10 VO = 1.2 V 60 30 0 0.01 VO = 1.6 V 80 70 Efficiency − % Efficiency - % 70 0 0.01 24 EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT 100 80 22, 23 0 0.01 Core: VI = 3.8 V, TA = 25°C, FPWM = 0 0.10 1 10 100 1k IO - Output Current - mA Figure 3. 13 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 EFFICIENCY vs OUTPUT CURRENT QUIESCENT CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE 70 VO = 1.2 V 60 50 VO = 0.85 V 40 30 VI = 4.2 V 1.225 TA = 85°C 50 40 TA = -40°C TA = 25°C 30 20 20 10 10 0 0.01 0 0.10 1 10 100 2.5 1k 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 VI - Input Voltage - V IO − Output Current − mA 1.195 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 85 TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C 6 LDO1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 1.652 TA = 25°C 3 TA = 25°C VI = 3.3 V 1.632 VI = 6 V VI = 3.6 V 1.622 VI = 5 V 3.321 VO - LDO1 Output Voltage - V 1.642 1.612 3.301 1.602 3.281 VI = 4.2 V 1.592 1.582 VI = 4.2 V VI = 3.6 V 3.221 1.572 VI = 3.3 V 10 1k 100 10 k 100 k 10 1k 100 VO = 2.8 V 2.80 2.70 VO = 2.5 V 2.60 2.50 2.40 2.30 10 k VI LDO1 = 3.8 V TA = 25°C 2.10 VI = 6 V 1.552 0 2.90 2.20 VI = 5 V 1.562 IO Output Current − mA 100 k IO Output Current − mA 2 0.01 0.1 10 100 1 IO Output Current - mA 1000 Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. LDO2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE (MAIN) LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE (CORE) CH1 = VI VO = 3 V 2.7 2.5 CH1 = VI VI = 3.6 to 4.2 V, VO = 3.3 V, IL = 500 mA TA = 25°C VOLDO2 = 3.8 V TA = 25°C 2.3 CH2 = VO 2.1 1.9 VI = 3.6 V to 4.2 V, VO = 1.6 V, IL = 400 mA, TA = 25°C CH2 = VO 50 mV/div 2.9 500 mV/div 3.1 VO - LDO2 Output Voltage - V 1.200 LD01 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 3.241 VO = 1.8 V 0.1 1 10 100 1000 500 µs/div IO - Output Current - mA Figure 10. 14 1.205 LD01 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 3.341 1.7 0.01 1.210 Figure 6. 3.361 3.201 0 1.215 Figure 5. 3.381 3.261 VI = 3.3 V Figure 4. VO − LDO1 Output Voltage − V VO − LDO1 Output Voltage − V 3.401 5.5 1.220 500 mV/div Efficiency − % 70 60 Figure 11. 500 µs/div Figure 12. 50 mV/div 80 1.230 VCC, + Vcore,+ Vmain VO = 1.6 V Core: VI = 3.8 V, TA = 25°C, PFWM = 1 Quiescent Current - µ A 90 f - Switching Frequency - MHz 100 SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs TEMPERATURE TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE (LDO2) CH4 = IO CH1 = VI 500 mV/div CH1 = VI VI = 3.8 V, VO = 3.3 V, IL = 100 mA to 1000 mA, TA = 25°C 200 mV/div Figure 15. LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE (CORE) LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE (LDO1) LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE (LDO2) 100 µs/div 200 mA/div CH4 = IO CH2 = VO 100 mV/div VI = 3.8 V, VI LDO = 3.3 V, VO = 2.8 V, IL = 2 mA to 180 mA, TA = 25°C CH2 =VO 100 mV/div CH2 = VO CH4 = IO 100 mV/div CH4 = IO VI = 3.8 V, VI LDO = 3.3 V, VO = 1.8 V, IL = 2 mA to 180 mA, TA = 25°C 100 µs/div 100 µs/div Figure 17. Figure 18. OUTPUT RIPPLE (PFM) OUTPUT RIPPLE (PWM) START-UP TIMING 5 µs/div VI = 3.8 V, TA = 25°C VO Main = 3.3 V IL Main = 100 mA, VO Core = 1.6 V, IL Core = 40 mA Figure 19. CH1 = VO Main CH3 = Iinductor Main 100 mA/div CH1 = VO Main CH3 = Icoil Main CH2 = VO Core CH2 = VO Core CH4 = Icoil Core CH4 = Iinductor Core 500 ns/div VI = 3.8 V, TA = 25°C VO Main = 3.3 V RL Main = 500 mA, VO Core = 1.6 V, RL Core = 400 mA Figure 20. 100 mA/div CH4 = Iinductor Core 100 mA/div CH2 = VO Core 20 mV/div 200 mA/div CH1 = VO Main 20 mV/div Figure 16. CH3 = Iinductor Main 200 mA/div Figure 14. 500 mA/div Figure 13. VI = 3.8 V, VO = 1.6 V, IL = 40 mA to 400 mA, TA = 25°C 50 mV/div 100 µs/div 500 µs/div 500 µs/div 50 mV/div CH2 = VO 10 mV/div CH2 = VO 10 mV/div CH2 = VO 500 mA/div VI = 3.3 to 3.8 V, VO = 1.8 V, RL = 100 mA to 1000 mA, TA = 25°C VI = 3.3 to 3.8 V, VO = 2.8 V, IL = 100 mA, TA = 25°C LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE (MAIN) 500 mV/div LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE (LDO1) 500 µs/div VI = 3.8 V, VO Main = 3.3 V, RL Main = 1 A, VO Core = 1.6 V, RL Core = 400 mA, TA = 25°C Figure 21. 15 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT LDO1 VO = 2.5 V LDO2 VO = 3 V 0.15 0.1 LDO1 VO = 2.8 V 70 LDO2 VO = 1.8 V 60 LDOIN = 3.3 V LDO Output Current 10 mA LDO2 VO = 3 V 0.035 0.03 LDO1 VO = 2.8 V 0.025 0.02 50 40 30 LDO1 VO = 2.5 V 0.015 20 0.05 LDO Output Current 200 mA 0.01 Normal Mode TA = 25°C 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 IO - Output Current - mA Figure 22. 16 80 0.04 LDO2 VO = 1.8 V Dropout Voltage - V Dropout Voltage - V 0.2 0.05 0.045 PSRR - dB 0.25 PSRR (LDO1, LDO2) vs FREQUENCY Low Power Mode TA = 25°C 0.005 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 IO - Output Current - mA Figure 23. 10 0 1k 10k 100k f - Frequency - Hz Figure 24. 1M 10M TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 APPLICATION INFORMATION AC Adapter AC BATT+ 1 µF X5R VBAT USB port 1 µF X5R 0.1 µF BATT− USB TPS65014 ISET TS TEMP PG CHARGER POWER GOOD GND PS_SEQ GND DEFCORE VBAT DEFMAIN VBAT LED2 VCC 10 R 1 µF X5R BATT_COVER VINCORE TPOR VCORE 1.5 V VBAT PB_ONOFF GND HOT_RESET L2 10 µH 10 µF X5R VCORE LOW_PWR VINMAIN VMAIN 3.3 V VBAT L1 6.2 µH 22 µF X5R VMAIN GPIO1 CHARGER/REG INTERRUPT INT GPIO2 GPIO3 nPOR RESPWRON GPIO4 MPU_RESET VBAT 1 µF X5R VIB VMAIN 0.1 µF VINLDO1 VMAIN 0.1 µF VINLDO2 GND/VCC 22 µF X5R PWRFAIL VLDO2 VLDO1 IFLSB RESET to MPU Battery Fail, Battery Cover Removed, Over Temp. 2.2 µF X5R 2.2 µF X5R VFB_LDO1 SDAT 1 M Each SCL SDA SCLK PGND AGND Figure 25. Typical Application Circuit The VCORE and VMAIN converter are always enabled in a typical application. The VCORE output voltage can be disabled or reduced from 1.5 V to a lower, preset voltage under processor control. When the processor enters the sleep mode, a high signal on the LOW_PWR pin initiates the change. VCORE typically supplies the digital part of the audio codec. When the processor is in sleep or low power mode, the audio codec is powered off, so the VCORE voltage can be programmed to lower voltages without a problem. A typical audio codec (e.g., TI AIC23) consumes about 20-mA to 30-mA current from the VCORE power supply. 17 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued) Supply LDO1 from VMAIN as shown in Figure 25. If this is not done, then subsequent to a UVLO, OVERTEMP, or BATT_COVER = 0 condition, the RESPWRON signal goes high before the VCORE rail has ramped and stabilized. Therefore, the processor core does not receive a power-on-reset signal. AC Adapter Touchscreen Controller AC BATT+ VBAT USB port BATT− USB USB DP, Camera i/f TPS65014 ISET TS TEMP PG VBAT TPOR GND PS_SEQ GND VBAT DEFCORE DEFMAIN CHARGER POWER GOOD LED2 VCC OMAP1510 VBAT BATT_COVER VBAT PB_ONOFF GND HOT_RESET VINCORE VCORE 1.5V L2 VDD, VDD1, VDD2, VDD3 VCORE VINMAIN LOW_PWR VBAT VMAIN 3.3V VDDSHV2,8 L1 VMAIN GPIO1 INT CHARGER/REG INTERRUPT GPIO GPIO2 GPIO3 RESPWRON GPIO4 MPU_RESET VBAT VIB VMAIN VMAIN GND/VCC PWRFAIL nPOR RESPWRON RESET to MPU MPU_RESET Battery Fail, Battery Cover Removed, Overtemp. FIQ_PWRFAIL VINLDO1 VLDO2 VDDSHV4,5 VLDO1 VDDSHV1,3,6,7,9 VINLDO2 IFLSB VFB_LDO1 SDAT SCL SDA SCLK PGND ARMIO_5/LOW_POWER AGND ARMIO,LCD, Keyboard, USB Host, SDIO SDRAM, FLASH i/f @ 1.8 V/2.8 V Figure 26. Typical Application Circuit in Low Power Mode 18 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 DETAILED DESCRIPTION BATTERY CHARGER The TPS65014 supports a precision Li-ion or Li-polymer charging system suitable for single cells with either coke or graphite anodes. Charging the battery is possible even without the application processor being powered up. The TPS65014 starts charging when an input voltage on either ac or USB input is present, which is greater than the charger UVLO threshold. See Figure 27 for a typical charge profile. PreConditioning Phase Current Regulation Phase Voltage Regulation and Charge Termination Phase Regulation Voltage Regulation Current Charge Voltage Minimum Charge Voltage Charge Current Preconditioning and Taper Detect t(PRECHG) t(CHG) t(TAPER) Figure 27. Typical Charging Profile Autonomous Power Source Selection Per default, the TPS65014 attempts to charge from the ac input. If ac input is not present, the USB is selected. If both inputs are available, the ac input has priority. The charge current is initially limited to 100 mA when charging from the USB input. This can be increased to 500 mA via the serial interface. The charger can be completely disabled via the interface, and it is also possible just to disable charging from the USB port. The start of the charging process from the USB port is delayed in order to allow the application processor time to disable USB charging, for instance if a USB OTG port is recognized. The recommended input voltage for charging from the ac input is 4.5 V < VAC < 6.5 V. However, the TPS65014 is capable of withstanding (but not charging from) up to 20 V. Charging is disabled if VAC is greater than typically 7 V. Temperature Qualification The TPS65014 continuously monitors battery temperature by measuring the voltage between the TS and AGND pins. An internal current source provides the bias for most common 10K negative-temperature coefficient thermistors (NTC) (see Figure 28). The IC compares the voltage on the TS pin against the internal V(LTF) and V(HTF) thresholds to determine if charging is allowed. Once a temperature outside the V(LTF) and V(HTF) thresholds is detected, the IC immediately suspends the charge. The IC suspends charge by turning off the power FET and holding the timer value (i.e., timers are not reset). Charge is resumed when the temperature returns to the normal range. The allowed temperature range for a 103AT-type thermistor is 0°C to 45°C. However, the user may modify these thresholds by adding two external resistors. See Figure 29. 19 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued) bqTINY II I(TS) TS LTF Pack+ V(LTF) HTF + Pack– V(HTF) NTC TEMP Battery Pack Figure 28. TS Pin Configuration bqTINY II I(TS) TS LTF Pack+ V(LTF) HTF + Pack– V(HTF) RT1 TEMP RT2 NTC Battery Pack Figure 29. TS Pin Threshold Battery Preconditioning On power up, if the battery voltage is below the V(LOWV) threshold, the TPS65014 applies a precharge current, I(PRECHG), to the battery. This feature revives deeply discharged cells. The charge current during this phase is one tenth of the value in current regulation phase which is set with IO(out) = KSET × V(SET)/R(SET). The load current in preconditioning phase must be lower than I(PRECHG) and must allow the battery voltage to rise above V(LOWV) within t(Prechg). VBAT_A is the sense pin to the voltage comparator for the battery voltage. This allows a power-on sense measurement if the VBAT_A and VBAT_B pins are connected together at the battery. The TPS65014 activates a safety timer, t(PRECHG), during the conditioning phase. If V(LOWV) threshold is not reached within the timer period, the TPS65014 turns off the charger and indicates the fault condition in the CHGSTATUS register. In the case of a fault condition, the TPS65014 reduces the current to I(DETECT). I(DETECT)is used to detect a battery replacement condition. Fault condition is cleared by POR or battery replacement or via the serial interface. Battery Charge Current TPS65014 offers on-chip current regulation. When charging from an ac adapter, a resistor connected between the ISET1 and AGND pins determines the charge rate. A maximum of 1-A charger current from the ac adapter is allowed. When charging from a USB port either a 100-mA or 500-mA charge rate can be selected via the serial interface; default is 100 mA maximum. Two bits are available in the CHGCONFIG register in the serial interface to reduce the charge current in 25% steps. These only influence charging from the ac input and may be of use if charging is often suspended due to excessive junction temperature in the TPS65014 (e.g., at high ac input voltages) and low battery voltages. 20 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 DETAILED DESCRIPTION (continued) Battery Voltage Regulation The voltage regulation feedback is through the VBAT pin. This pin is tied directly to the positive side of the battery pack. The TPS65014 monitors the battery-pack voltage between the VBAT and AGND pins. The TPS65014 is offered in a fixed-voltage version of 4.2 V. As a safety backup, the TPS65014 also monitors the charge time in the fast-charge mode. If taper current is not detected within this time period, t(CHG), the TPS65014 turns off the charger and indicates FAULT in the CHGSTATUS register. In the case of a FAULT condition, the TPS65014 reduces the current to I(DETECT). I(DETECT) is used to detect a battery replacement condition. Fault condition is cleared by POR via the serial interface. Note that the safety timer is reset if the TPS65014 is forced out of the voltage regulation mode. The fast-charge timer is disabled by default to allow charging during normal operation of the end equipment. It is enabled via the CHGCONFIG register. Charge Termination and Recharge The TPS65014 monitors the charging current during the voltage regulation phase. Once the taper threshold, I(TAPER), is detected, the TPS65014 initiates the taper timer, t(TAPER). Charge is terminated after the timer expires. The TPS65014 resets the taper timer in the event that the charge current returns above the taper threshold, I(TAPER). After a charge termination, the TPS65014 restarts the charge once the voltage on the VBAT pin falls below the V(RCH) threshold. This feature keeps the battery at full capacity at all times. The fast charge timer and the taper timer must be enabled by programming CHGCONFIG(5)=1. A thermal suspend suspends the fast-charge and taper timers. In addition to the taper current detection, the TPS65014 terminates charge in the event that the charge current falls below the I(TERM) threshold. This feature allows for quick recognition of a battery removal condition. When a full battery is replaced with an empty battery, the TPS65014 detects that the VBAT voltage is below the recharge threshold and starts charging the new battery. The taper and termination bits are cleared in the CHGSTATUS register and if the INT pin is still active due to these two interrupt sources, then it is de-asserted. Depending on the transient seen at the VCC pin, all registers may be set to their default values and require reprogramming with any nondefault values required, such as enabling the fast-charge timer and taper termination; this should only happen if VCC drops below approximately 2 V. Sleep Mode The TPS65014 charger enters the low-power sleep mode if both input sources are removed from the circuit. This feature prevents draining the battery during the absence of input power. PG Output The open-drain, power-good (PG) output indicates when a valid power supply is present for the charger. This can be either from the ac adapter input or from the USB. The output turns ON when a valid voltage is detected. A valid voltage is detected whenever the voltage on either pin AC or pin USB rises above the voltage on VBAT plus 100 mV. This output is turned off in the sleep mode. The PG pin can be used to drive an LED or communicate to the host processor. A voltage greater than the V(CHGOVLO) threshold (typ 7 V) at the AC input is not valid and does not activate the PG output. The PG output is held in high impedance state if the charger is in reset by programming CHGCONFIG(6)=1. The PG output can also be programmed via the LED1_ON and LED1_PER registers in the serial interface. It can then be programmed to be permanently on, off, or to blink with defined on- and period-times. PG is controlled per default via the charger. 21 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 Thermal Considerations for Setting Charge Current The TPS65014 is housed in a 48-pin QFN package with exposed leadframe on the underside. This 7 mm × 7 mm package exhibits a thermal impedance (junction-to-ambient) of 33 K/W when mounted on a JEDEC high-k board with zero air flow. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE MAX POWER DISSIPATION FOR Tj= 125°C DERATING FACTOR ABOVE TA= 55°C 25°C 3W 30 mW/°C 55°C 2.1 W Consideration needs to be given to the maximum charge current when the assembled application board exhibits a thermal impedance, which differs significantly from the JEDEC high-k board. The charger has a thermal shutdown feature, which suspends charging if the TPS65014 junction temperature rises above a threshold of 145°C. This threshold is set 15°C below the threshold used to power down the TPS65014 completely. STEP-DOWN CONVERTERS, VMAIN AND VCORE The TPS65014 incorporates two synchronous step-down converters operating typically at 1.25 MHz fixed frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) at moderate to heavy load currents. At light load currents, the converters automatically enter power-save mode and operate with pulse frequency modulation (PFM). The main converter is capable of delivering 1-A output current and the core converter is capable of delivering 400 mA. The converter output voltages are programmed via the VDCDC1 and VDCDC2 registers in the serial interface. The main converter defaults to 3-V or 3.3-V output voltage depending on the DEFMAIN configuration pin, if DEFMAIN is tied to ground, the default is 3 V; if it is tied to VCC, the default is 3.3 V. The core converter defaults to either 1.5 V or 1.8 V depending on whether the DEFCORE configuration pin is tied to GND or to VCC, respectively. Both the main and core output voltages can subsequently be reprogrammed after start-up via the serial interface. In addition, the LOW_PWR pin can be used either to lower the core voltage to a value defined in the VDCDC2 register when the application processor is in deep sleep mode or to disable the core converter. An active signal at LOW_PWR is ignored if the ENABLE_LP bit is not set in the VDCDC1 register. The step-down converter outputs (when enabled) are monitored by power-good comparators, the outputs of which are available via the serial interface. The outputs of the dc-dc converters can be optionally discharged when the dc-dc converters are disabled. During PWM operation, the converters use a unique fast response voltage mode controller scheme with input voltage feed-forward to achieve good line and load regulation allowing the use of small ceramic input and output capacitors. At the beginning of each clock cycle, initiated by the clock signal, the P-channel MOSFET switch is turned on, and the inductor current ramps up until the comparator trips and the control logic turns off the switch. The current limit comparator also turns off the switch in case the current limit of the P-channel switch is exceeded. After the dead time preventing current shoot through, the N-channel MOSFET rectifier is turned on, and the inductor current ramps down. The next cycle is initiated by the clock signal, again turning off the N-channel rectifier and turning on the P-channel switch. The error amplifier, together with the input voltage, determines the rise time of the saw-tooth generator, and therefore, any change in input voltage or output voltage directly controls the duty cycle of the converter giving a good line and load transient regulation. The two dc-dc converters operate synchronized to each other, with the MAIN converter as the master. A 270° phase shift between the MAIN switch turnon and the CORE switch turnon decreases the input RMS current, and smaller input capacitors can be used. This is optimized for a typical application where the MAIN converter regulates a Li-ion battery voltage of 3.7 V to 3.3 V and the CORE from 3.7 V to 1.5 V. Power Save Mode Operation As the load current decreases, the converter enters the power-save mode operation. During power-save mode, the converter operates with reduced switching frequency in PFM mode and with a minimum quiescent current to maintain high efficiency. In order to optimize the converter efficiency at light load, the average current is monitored; if in PWM mode, the inductor current remains below a certain threshold, and then power-save mode is entered. The typical threshold can be calculated as follows: 22 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 V I (skipmain) I(MAIN) 17 V I (skipcore) I(CORE) 42 (1) During the power-save mode, the output voltage is monitored with the comparator by the thresholds comp low and comp high. As the output voltage falls below the comp low threshold, set to typically 0.8% above the nominal Vout, the P-channel switch turns on. The converter then runs at 50% of the nominal switching frequency. If the load is below the delivered current, then the output voltage rises until the comp high threshold is reached, typically 1.6% above the nominal Vout. At this point, all switching activity ceases, hence reducing the quiescent current to a minimum until the output voltage has dropped below comp low again. If the load current is greater than the delivered current, then the output voltage falls until it crosses the nominal output voltage threshold (comp low 2 threshold), whereupon power-save mode is exited, and the converter returns to PWM mode. These control methods reduce the quiescent current typically to 12 µA per converter and the switching frequency to a minimum, achieving the highest converter efficiency. Setting the comparator thresholds to typically 0.8% and 1.6% above the nominal output voltage at light load current results in a dynamic voltage positioning achieving lower absolute voltage drops during heavy load transient changes. This allows the converters to operate with a small output capacitor of just 10 µF for the core and 22 µF for the main output and still have a low absolute voltage drop during heavy load transient changes. See Figure 30 for detailed operation of the power-save mode. The power-save mode can be disabled through the I2C interface to force the converters to stay in fixed frequency PWM mode. PFM Mode at Light Load 1.6% Comp High 0.8% Comp Low VO Comp Low 2 PFM Mode at Medium to Full Load Figure 30. Power-Save Mode Thresholds and Dynamic Voltage Positioning Forced PWM The core and main converters are forced into PWM mode by setting bit 7 in the VDCDC1 register. This feature is used to minimize ripple on the output voltages. Dynamic Voltage Positioning As described in the power-save mode operation sections and as detailed in Figure 13, the output voltage is typically 1.2% above the nominal output voltage at light load currents as the device is in power-save mode. This gives additional headroom for the voltage drop during a load transient from light load to full load. During a load transient from full load to light load, the voltage overshoot is also minimized due to active regulation turning on the N-channel rectifier switch. Soft Start Both converters have an internal soft-start circuit that limits the inrush current during start-up. The soft start is implemented as a digital circuit, increasing the switch current in 4 steps up to the typical maximum switch current limit of 700 mA (core) and 1.75 A (main). Therefore, the start-up time mainly depends on the output capacitor and load current. 23 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 100% Duty Cycle Low Dropout Operation The TPS65014 converters offer a low input to output voltage difference while maintaining operation with the use of the 100% duty cycle mode. In this mode, the P-channel switch is constantly turned on. This is particularly useful in battery-powered applications to achieve longest operation time by taking full advantage of the whole battery voltage range. The minimum input voltage to maintain regulation depends on the load current and output voltage and is calculated as: V I(min) V O(max) I O(max) DS(on) max RL r (2) with: • IO(max) = maximum output current plus inductor ripple current • rDS(on)max= maximum P-channel switch rDSon. • RL = DC resistance of the inductor • VO(max)= nominal output voltage plus maximum output voltage tolerance Active Discharge When Disabled When the CORE and MAIN converters are disabled, due to an UVLO, BATT_COVER or OVERTEMP condition, it is possible to actively pull down the outputs. This feature is disabled per default and is individually enabled via the VDCDC1 and VDCDC2 registers in the serial interface. When this feature is enabled, the core and main outputs are discharged by a 400-Ω (typical) load. Power-Good Monitoring Both the MAIN and CORE converters have power-good comparators. Each comparator indicates when the relevant output voltage has dropped 10% below its target value, with 5% hysteresis. The outputs of these comparators are available in the REGSTATUS register via the serial interface. A maskable interrupt is generated when any voltage rail drops below the 10% threshold. The comparators are disabled when the converters are disabled. The status of the power-good comparator for VMAIN is used to generate the RESPWRON signal. Overtemperature Shutdown The MAIN and CORE converters are automatically shut down if the temperature exceeds the trip point (see the electrical characteristics). This detection is only active if the converters are in PWM mode, either by setting FPWM = 1, or if the output current is high enough that the device runs in PWM mode automatically. LOW-DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATORS The low-dropout voltage regulators are designed to operate with low value ceramic input and output capacitors. They operate with input voltages down to 1.8 V. The LDOs offer a maximum dropout voltage of 300 mV at rated output current. Each LDO has a current limit feature. Both LDOs are enabled per default; both LDOs can be disabled or programmed via the serial interface using the VREGS1 register. The LDO outputs (when enabled) are monitored by power-good comparators, the outputs of which are available via the serial interface. The LDOs also have reverse conduction prevention when disabled. This allows the possibility to connect external regulators in parallel in systems with a backup battery. Power-Good Monitoring Both the LDO1 and LDO2 linear regulators have power-good comparators. Each comparator indicates when the relevant output voltage has dropped 10% below its target value, with 5% hysteresis. The outputs of these comparators are available in the REGSTATUS register via the serial interface. An interrupt is generated when any voltage rail drops below the 10% threshold. The LDO2 comparator is disabled when LDO2 is disabled. Enabling and Sequencing Enabling and sequencing of the dc-dc converters and LDOs are described in the power-up sequencing section. The OMAP1510 processor from Texas Instruments requires that the core power supply is enabled before the I/O power supply, which means that the CORE converter should power up before the MAIN converter. This is achieved by connecting PS_SEQ to GND. 24 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT The undervoltage lockout circuit for the four regulators on TPS65014 prevents the device from malfunctioning at low input voltages and from excessive discharge of the battery. Basically, it prevents the converter from turning on the power switch or rectifier FET under undefined conditions. The undervoltage threshold voltage is set by default to 2.75 V. After power up, the threshold voltage can be reprogrammed through the serial interface. The undervoltage lockout comparator compares the voltage on the VCC pin with the UVLO threshold. When the VCC voltage drops below this threshold, the TPS65014 sets the PWRFAIL pin low and after a time t(UVLO) disables the voltage regulators in the sequence defined by PS_SEQ. The same procedure is followed when the TPS65014 detects that its junction temperature has exceeded the overtemperature threshold, typically 160°C, with a delay t(overtemp). The TPS65014 automatically restarts when the UVLO (or overtemperature) condition is no longer present. The battery charger circuit has a separate UVLO circuit with a threshold of typically 2.5 V, which is compared with the voltage on AC and USB supply pins. 25 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 POWER-UP SEQUENCING The TPS65014 power-up sequencing is designed to allow the maximum flexibility without generating excessive logistical or system complexity. The relevant control pins are described in the following table: Table 1. Control Pins PIN NAME INPUT/OUTPUT FUNCTION PS_SEQ I Input signal indicating power-up and power-down sequence of the switching converters. PS_SEQ = 0 forces the core regulator to ramp up first and down last. PS_SEQ = 1 forces the main regulator to ramp up first and down last. DEFCORE I Defines the default voltage of the VCORE switching converter. DEFCORE = 0 defaults VCORE to 1.5 V, DEFCORE = VCC defaults VCORE to 1.8 V. DEFMAIN I Defines the default voltage of the VMAIN switching converter. DEFMAIN = 0 defaults VMAIN to 3 V, DEFMAIN = VCC defaults VMAIN to 3.3 V. I The LOW_PWR pin is used to lower VCORE to the preset voltage in the VDCDC2 register when the processor is in deep sleep mode. Alternatively, VCORE can be disabled in low power mode if the LP_COREOFF bit is set in the VDCDC2 register. LOW_PWR is ignored if the ENABLE LP bit is not set in the VDCDC1 register. The TPS65014 uses the rising edge of the internal signal formed by a logical AND of LOW_PWR and ENABLE LP to enter low power mode. TPS65014 is forced out of low power mode by de-asserting LOW_PWR, by resetting ENABLE LP to 0, by activating the PB_ONOFF pin or by activating the HOT_RESET pin. There are two ways to get the device back into low power mode: a) toggle the LOW_PWR pin, or b) toggle the low power bit when the LOW_PWR pin is held high. The LOW_PWR pin is also used to set the TPS65014 into WAIT mode. If USB or AC is present, the AUA bit (CHCONFIG<7>) must be set to enter the WAIT mode, see Figure 31. PB_ONOFF I PB_ONOFF can be used to exit the low power mode and return the core voltage to the value before low power mode was entered. If PB_ONOFF is used to exit the low power mode, then the low power mode can be reentered by toggling the LOW_PWR pin or by toggling the low power bit when the LOW_PWR pin is held high. A 1-MΩ pulldown resistor is integrated in TPS65014. PB_ONOFF is internally de-bounced by the TPS65014. A maskable interrupt is generated when PB_ONOFF is activated. HOT_RESET I The HOT_RESET pin has a similar functionality to the PB_ONOFF pin. In addition, it generates a reset (MPU_RESET) for the MPU when the VCORE voltage is in regulation. HOT_RESET does not alter any TPS65014 settings unless low power mode was active in which case it is exited. A 1-MΩ pullup resistor to VCC is integrated in TPS65014. HOT_RESET is internally de-bounced by the TPS65014. BATT_COVER I The BATT_COVER pin is used as an early warning that the main battery is about to be removed. BATT_COVER = VCC indicates that the cover is in place, BATT_COVER = 0 indicates that the cover is not in place. TPS65014 generates a maskable interrupt when the BATT_COVER pin goes low. PWRFAIL is also held low when BATT_COVER goes low. This feature may be disabled by tying BATT_COVER permanently to VCC. The TPS65014 shuts down the main and the core converter and sets the LDOs into low power mode. A 2-MΩ pulldown resistor is integrated in the TPS65014 at the BATT_COVER pin. BATT_COVER is internally de-bounced by the TPS65014. RESPWRON O RESPWRON is held low while the switching converters (and any LDOs defined as default on) are starting up. It is determined by the state of MAIN's output voltage; when the voltage is higher than the power-good comparator threshold; then RESPWRON is high when VMAIN is low; then RESPWRON is low. RESPWRON is held low for tn(RESPWRON) seconds after VMAIN has settled. MPU_RESET O MPU_RESET can be used to reset the processor if the user activates the HOT_RESET button. The MPU_RESET output is active for t(MPU_nRESET) sec. It also forces TPS65014 to leave low power mode. MPU_RESET is also held low as long as RESPWRON is held low. PWRFAIL O PWRFAIL indicates when VCC < V(UVLO), when the TPS65014 is about to shut down due to an internal overtemperature condition or when BATT_COVER is low. PWRFAIL is also held low as long as RESPWRON is held low. TPOR I TPOR is used to set the delay time for the RESPWRON reset signal. TPOR = 0 sets the delay time to 100 ms. TPOR = 1 sets the delay time to 1 s. LOW_PWR 26 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 Figure 31 shows the state diagram for the TPS65014 power sequencing. The charger function is not shown in the state diagram because this function is independent of these states. Monitored Permanently No Power AC and/or USB Power Applied. Main Battery Power Applied VMAIN Voltage Enabled and Good? Monitored Permanently Yes TPS65011 RESPWRON, PWRFAIL, INT, MPU_RESET Low. Reset RESPWRON Timer Yes VCC>UVOL, Tj<Tshtdwn, BATT_COVER High ? No Set PWRFAIL Low, Start UVLO_TEMP Timer if Not Running No No No WAIT *1 Start RESPWRON Timer if Not Running AC and/or USB Power Applied or PB_ONOFF or HOT_RESET Button Pressed. RESPWRON Timer Done ? No Yes UVLO_TEMP Timer Done ? VCC>UVLO ? BATT_COVER High ? No VCC>UVLO ? BATT_COVER High ? Release RESPWRON, PWRFAIL, INT, MPU_RESET Yes Yes Value PS_SEQ ? 1 0 Yes Shutdown VCORE, VMAIN + LDOs According to PS_SEQ Boot VCORE Converter + LDOs Boot VMAIN Converter + LDOs Boot VCORE Converter Boot VCORE Converter LOW_PWR De-asserted, PB_ONOFF Button Pressed Processor Initiated Shutdown *3 LOW_ POWER Mode LOW_PWR Asserted *2 ON HOT_RESET Button Pressed *1: All registers are reset to their default values in WAIT Mode *2: ENABLE_LP bit, VDCDC1 <3> Must be set. If AC or USB power is present, AUA bit, CHGCONFIG <7> must also be set. Raise the low power pin to enter low power mode. *3: ENABLE_SUPPLY bit, VDCDC1 <4> must be cleared. ENABLE_LP bit, VDCDC1 <3> must be set. LDO2OFF/SLP and LDO1OFF/SLP <6,2> must be set or LDOs and voltage reference remain enabled and registers not reset. If AC or USB power is present, AUA bit, CHGCONFIG <7> must also be set. Raise the low power pin to enter low power mode. ENABLE_LP default: cleared ENABLE_SUPPLY default: set AUA default: cleared LDO1OFF/SLP default: cleared LDO2OFF/SLP default: cleared No Release MPU_RESET VCORE Voltage Good ? Yes Yes MPU_RESET Timer Done ? Set MPU_RESET Low, Start MPU_RESET Timer No Figure 31. TPS65014 Power-On State Diagram 27 TPS65014 SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 www.ti.com TPS65014 Power States Description State 1: No Power No batteries are connected to the TPS65014. When main power is applied, the bandgap reference, LDOs, and UVLO comparator start up. The RESPWRON, PWRFAIL, INT and MPU_RESET signals are held low. When BATT_COVER goes high (de-bounced internally by the TPS65014), indicating that the battery cover has been put in place and if VCC > UVLO, the power supplies are ramped in the sequence defined by PS_SEQ. RESPWRON, PWRFAIL, INT, and MPU_RESET are released when the RESPWRON timer has timed out after tn(RESPWRON) seconds. If VCC remains valid and no OVERTEMP condition occurs, then the TPS65014 arrives in State 2: ON. If VCC < UVLO, the TPS65014 keeps the bandgap reference and UVLO comparator active such that when VCC>UVLO (during battery charge), the supplies are automatically activated. State 2: ON In this state, the TPS65014 is fired up and ready for operation. The switching converter output voltages can be programmed. The LDOs can be disabled or programmed. The TPS65014 can exit this state due to an overtemperature condition, an undervoltage condition at VCC, BATT_COVER going low, or by the processor programming low power mode. State 2 is left temporarily if the user activates the HOT_RESET pin. State 3: Low Power Mode This state is entered via the processor setting the ENABLE_LP bit in the serial interface and then raising the LOW_PWR pin. The TPS65014 actually uses the rising edge of the internal signal formed by a logical AND of the LOW_PWR and ENABLE LP signals to enter low power mode. The VMAIN switching converter remains active, but the VCORE converter may be disabled in low power mode through the serial interface by setting the LP_COREOFF bit in the VDCDC2 register. If left enabled, the VCORE voltage is set to the value predefined by the CORELP0/1 bits in the VDCDC2 register. The LDO1OFF/nSLP and LDO2OFF/nSLP bits in the VREGS1 register determine whether the LDOs are turned off or put in a reduced power mode (transient speed-up circuitry disabled in order to minimize quiescent current) in low power mode. All TPS65014 features remain addressable through the serial interface. TPS65014 can exit this state either due to an undervoltage condition at VCC, due to BATT_COVER going low, due to an OVERTEMP condition, by the processor de-asserting the LOW_POWER pin, or by the user activating the HOT_RESET pin or the PB_ONOFF pin. State 4: Shutdown There are two scenarios for entering this state. The first is from State 1: No Power. As soon as main battery power is applied, the device automatically enters the WAIT mode. The second scenario occurs when the device is in ON mode and the processor initiates a shutdown by resetting the ENABLE SUPPLY bit in the VDCDC1 register (ENABLE_LP must be high), and then raising the LOW_PWR pin. When this happens, the power rails are ramped down in the predefined sequence, and all circuitry is then disabled. In this state, the TPS65014 waits for the PB_ONOFF or HOT_RESET pin to be activated before enabling any of the supply rails. When the PB_ONOFF or HOT_RESET pin is activated, the TPS65014 powers up the supplies according to the same constraints as at the initial application of power. Complete shutdown is only achieved by setting the LDO1OFF/nSLP and LDO2OFF/nSLP bits high in the VREGS1 register before activating the shutdown. In this case, the I2C interface is deactivated, and the registers are reset to their default value after leaving the WAIT mode. To enter the WAIT mode when USB or AC is present, the AUA bit (CHCONFIG<7>) must be set. The WAIT mode is automatically left if bit 7 in register CHCONFIG is set to 0 (default), and a voltage is present at either the AC pin or the USB pin in the appropriate range for charging, and the voltage at VCC is above the UVLO threshold. This feature allows the converters to start up automatically if the device is plugged in for charging. If all supplies are turned off in WAIT mode, the internal bandgap is switched off, and the internal registers are reset to their default state when the device returns to ON mode. Table 2 shows possible configurations in LOW POWER mode and WAIT mode. 28 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 Table 2. TPS65014 Possible Configurations • • CONVERTER MAIN CORE LDO1 LDO2 LOW POWER mode 1 0/1 0/1 0/1 WAIT mode 0 0 0/1 0/1 0 = converter is disabled 1 = converter is enabled Table 3 indicates the typical quiescent current consumption in each power state. Table 3. TPS65014 Typical Current Consumption STATE TOTAL QUIESCENT CURRENT 1 0 2 30 µA-70 µA VMAIN (12 µA) + VCORE (12 µA) + LDOs (20 µA each, max 2) + UVLO + reference + PowerGood 3 30 µA-55 µA VMAIN (12 µA) + VCORE (12 µA) + LDOs (10 µA each, max 2) + UVLO + reference + PowerGood 4 13 µA QUIESCENT CURRENT BREAKDOWN UVLO + reference circuitry 29 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 VCC BATT COVER BATT COVER DEG* t(GLITCH) PB_ONOFF REFSYS EN* t(GLITCH) UVLO* ENABLE SUPPLIES* VCORE 98% VCORE VMAIN 95% VMAIN VLDO1 VLDO2 RESPWRON MPU_RESET PWREFAIL INT tn(RESPWRON) *Internal Signal A. Valid for LDO1 supplied from VMAIN as described earlier in this Application Section. Figure 32. State 1 to State 2 Transition (PS_SEQ = 0, VCC > VUVLO + HYST) If 2.4 ms after application, VCC is still below the default UVLO threshold (3.15 V for VCC rising), then start up is as shown in Figure 33. 30 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 AC (or USB) VCC UVLO Threshold BATT COVER t(GLITCH) BAT COVER DEG * REFSYS EN* UVLO* ENABLE SUPPLIES* VCORE 98% VCORE VMAIN 95% VMAIN VLDO1 VLDO2 RESPWRON MPU_RESET PWRFAIL INT tn(RESPWRON) * Internal Signal A. Valid for LDO1 supplied from VMAIN as described earlier in this Application Section Figure 33. State1-State4-State 2 Transition (Power up behavior when Charge Voltage is Applied) 31 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 VCC UVLO Threshold With 400 mV Hysteresis UVLO* PWPFAIL INT tUVLO ENABLE SUPPLIES* VCORE VMAIN VMAIN ~0.8 V VLDO1 VLDO2 RESPWRON MPU_RESET * Internal Signal A. Valid for LDO1 supplied from VMAIN as described earlier in this Application Section Figure 34. State2-State4 Transition 32 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 ENABLE LOW_POWER LDO2 OFF/SLP LOW_POWER VMAIN VCORE 95% VCORE VLDO1 VLDO2 95% VLDO2 INT Figure 35. State 2 to State 3 Transition. VCORE Lowered, LDO2 Disabled. Subsequent State 3 to State 2 Transition When LOW POWER Is De-asserted. 33 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 PB_ONOFF PB_ONOFF DEGLITCH tGLITCH VCORE VMAIN VLDO1 VLDO2 INT Figure 36. State 3 to State 2 Transition. PB_ONFF Activated (See Interrupt Management Section for INT Behavior) 34 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 HOT_RESET HOT_RESET DEGLITCH VCORE t(GLITCH) 95% VCORE VMAIN VLDO1 VLDO2 95% VLDO2 INT MPU_RESET t(MPU_RESET) Figure 37. State 3 to State 2 Transition, HOT_RESET Activated (See Interrupt Management Section for INT Behavior) 35 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 ENABLE LOW POWER* LDO1 OFF/SLP* LDO2 OFF/SLP* MAIN DISCHARGE* ENABLE SUPPLY* LOW POWER VMAIN VMAIN < ca 0.8 V VCORE VCORE < ca 0.4 V VLDO1 VLDO2 RESPWRON MPU_RESET PWRFAIL INT REFSYS ENABLE* * Internal Signal Figure 38. State 1 to State 4 Transition 36 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 SYSTEM RESET AND CONTROL SIGNALS The RESPWRON signal is used as a global reset for the application. It is an open-drain output. The RESPWRON signal is generated according to the power good comparator linked to VMAIN and remains low for tn(RESPWRON) seconds after VMAIN has stabilized. When RESPWRON is low, PWRFAIL, MPU_RESET, and INT are also held low. If the output voltage of MAIN is less than 90% of its nominal value, as RESPWRON is generated, and if the output voltage of MAIN is programmed to a higher value, which causes the output voltage to fall out of the 90% window, then a RESPWRON signal is generated. The PWRFAIL signal indicates when VCC < UVLO or when the TPS65014 junction temperature has exceeded a reliable value or if BATT_COVER is taken low. This open-drain output can be connected at a fast interrupt pin for immediate attention by the application processor. All supplies are disabled t(uvlo), t(overtemp), or t(batt_cover) seconds after PWRFAIL has gone low, giving time for the application processor to shut down cleanly. BATT_COVER is used to detect whether the battery cover is in place or not. If the battery cover is removed, the TPS65014 generates a warning to the processor that the battery is likely to be removed and that it may be prudent to shut down the system. If not required, this feature may be disabled by connecting the BATT_COVER pin to the VCC pin. BATT_COVER is de-bounced internally. Typical de-bounce time is 56 ms. BATT_COVER has an internal 2-MΩ pulldown resistor. The HOT_RESET input is used to generate an MPU_RESET signal for the application processor. The HOT_RESET pin could be connected to a user-activated button in the application. It can also be used to exit low power mode. In this case, the TPS65014 waits until the VCORE voltage has stabilized before generating the MPU_RESET pulse. The MPU_RESET pulse is active low for t(mpu_nreset) seconds. HOT_RESET has an internal 1-MΩ pullup resistor to VCC. The PB_ONOFF input can be used to exit LOW POWER MODE. It is typically driven by a user-activated pushbutton in the application. Both HOT_RESET and PB_ONOFF are de-bounced internally by the TPS65014. Typical de-bounce time is 56 ms. PB_ONOFF has an internal 1-MΩ pulldown resistor. PB_ONOFF, BATT_COVER and UVLO events also cause a normal, maskable interrupt to be generated and are noted in the REGSTATUS register. VIBRATOR DRIVER The VIB open-drain output is provided to drive a vibrator motor, controlled via the serial interface register VDCDC2. It has a maximum dropout of 0.5 V at 100-mA load. Typically, an external resistor is required to limit the motor current and a freewheel diode to limit the VIB overshoot voltage at turnoff. LED2 OUTPUT The LED2 output can be programmed in the same way as the PG output to blink or to be permanently on or off. The LED2_ON and LED2_PER registers are used to control the blink rate. For both PG and LED2, the minimum blink-on time is 10 ms, and this can be increased in 127 10-ms steps to 1280 ms. For both PG and LED2, the minimum blink period is 100 ms, and this can be increased in 127 100-ms steps to 12800 ms. INTERRUPT MANAGEMENT The open-drain INT pin is used to combine and report all possible conditions via a single pin. Battery and chip temperature faults, precharge timeout, charge timeout, taper timeout, and termination current are each capable of setting INT low, i.e., active. INT can also be activated if any of the regulators are below the regulation threshold. Interrupts can also be generated by any of the GPIO pins programmed to be inputs. These inputs can be programmed to generate an interrupt either at the rising or falling edge of the input signal. It is possible to mask an interrupt from any of these conditions individually by setting the appropriate bits in the MASK1, MASK2, or MASK3 registers. By default, all interrupts are masked. Interrupts are stored in the CHGSTATUS, REGSTATUS, and DEFGPIO registers in the serial interface. CHGSTATUS and REGSTATUS interrupts are acknowledged by reading these registers. If a 1 is present in any location, then the TPS65014 automatically sets the corresponding bit in the ACKINT1 or ACKINT2 registers and releases the INT pin. The ACKINT register contents are self-clearing when the condition, which caused the interrupt, is removed. The applications processor should not normally need to access the ACKINT1 or ACKINT2 registers. 37 TPS65014 SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 www.ti.com Interrupt events are always captured; thus when an interrupt source is unmasked, INT may immediately go active due to a previous interrupt condition. This can be prevented by first reading the relevant STATUS register before unmasking the interrupt source. If an interrupt condition occurs, then the INT pin is set low. The CHGSTATUS, REGSTATUS, and DEFGPIO registers should be read. Bit positions containing a 1 (or possibly a 0 in DEFGPIO) are noted by the CPU and the corresponding situation resolved. The reading of the CHGSTATUS and REGSTATUS registers automatically acknowledges any interrupt condition in those registers and blocks the path to the INT pin from the relevant bit(s). No interrupt should be missed during the read process because this process starts by latching the contents of the register before shifting them out at SDAT. Once the contents have been latched (takes a couple of nanoseconds), the register is free to capture new interrupt conditions. Hence, the probability of missing anything is, for practical purposes, zero. The following describes how registers 0x01 (CHGSTATUS) and 0x02 (REGSTATUS) are handled: • CHGSTATUS(5,0) are positive edge set. Read of set CHGSTATUS(5,0) bits sets ACKINT1(5,0) bits. • CHGSTATUS(7-6,4-1) are level set. Read of set CHGSTATUS(7-6,4-1) bits sets ACKINT1(7-6,4-1) bits. • CHGSTATUS(5,0) clear when input signal low, and ACKINT1(5,0) bits are already set. • CHGSTATUS(7-6,4-1) clear when input signal is low. • ACKINT1(7-0) clear when CHGSTATUS(7-0) is clear. • REGSTATUS(7-5) are positive edge set. Read of set REGSTATUS(7-5) bits sets ACKINT2(7-5) bits. • REGSTATUS(3-0) are level set. Read of set REGSTATUS(3-0) bits sets ACKINT2(3-0) bits. • REGSTATUS(7-5) clear when input signal low, and ACKINT1(7-5) bit are already set. • REGSTATUS(3-0) clear when input signal is low. • ACKINT2(7-0) clear when REGSTATUS(7-0) is clear. The following describes the function of the 0x05 (ACKINT1) and 0x06 (ACKINT2) registers. These are not usually written to by the CPU because the TPS65014 internally sets/clears these registers: • ACKINT1(7:0) - Bit is set when the corresponding CHGSTATUS set bit is read via I2C. • ACKINT1(7:0) - Bit is cleared when the corresponding CHGSTATUS set bit clears. • ACKINT2(7:0) - Bit is set when the corresponding REGSTATUS set bit is read via I2C. • ACKINT2(7:0) - Bit is cleared when the corresponding REGSTATUS set bit clears. • ACKINT1(7:0) - A bit set masks the corresponding CHGSTATUS bit from INT. • ACKINT2(7:0) - A bit set masks the corresponding REGSTATUS bit from INT. The following describes the function of the 0x03 (MASK1), 0x04 (MASK2) and 0x0F (MASK3) registers: • MASK1(7:0) - A bit set in this register masks CHGSTATUS from INT. • MASK2(7:0) - A bit set in this register masks REGSTATUS from INT. • MASK3(7:4) - A bit set in this register detects a rising edge on GPIO. • MASK3(7:4) - A bit cleared in this register detects a falling edge on GPIO. • MASK3(3:0) - A bit set in this register clears GPIO Detect signal from INT. GPIO interrupts are located by reading the 0x10 (DEFGPIO) register. The application CPU stores, or can read from DEFGPIO<7:4>, which GPIO is set to input or output. This information together with the information on which edge the interrupt was generated (the CPU either knows this or can read it from MASK3<7:4>) determines whether the CPU is looking for a 0 or a 1 in DEFGPIO<3:0>. A GPIO interrupt is blocked from the INT pin by setting the relevant MASK3<3:0> bit; this must be done by the CPU, there is no auto-acknowledge for the GPIO interrupts. 38 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 SERIAL INTERFACE The serial interface is compatible with the standard and fast mode I2C specifications, allowing transfers at up to 400 kHz. The interface adds flexibility to the power supply solution, enabling most functions to be programmed to new values depending on the instantaneous application requirements and charger status to be monitored. Register contents remain intact as long as VCC remains above 2 V. The TPS65014 has a 7-bit address with the LSB set by the IFLSB pin; this allows the connection of two devices with the same address to the same bus. The 6 MSBs are 100100. Attempting to read data from register addresses not listed in this section results in FFh being read out. For normal data transfer, DATA is allowed to change only when CLK is low. Changes when CLK is high are reserved for indicating the start and stop conditions. During data transfer, the data line must remain stable whenever the clock line is high. There is one clock pulse per bit of data. Each data transfer is initiated with a start condition and terminated with a stop condition. When addressed, the TPS65014 device generates an acknowledge bit after the reception of each byte. The master device (microprocessor) must generate an extra clock pulse that is associated with the acknowledge bit. The TPS65014 device must pull down the DATA line during the acknowledge clock pulse so that the DATA line is a stable low during the high period of the acknowledge clock pulse. The DATA line is a stable low during the high period of the acknowledge-related clock pulse. Setup and hold times must be taken into account. During read operations, a master must signal the end of data to the slave by not generating an acknowledge bit on the last byte that was clocked out of the slave. In this case, the slave TPS65014 device must leave the data line high to enable the master to generate the stop condition. The I2C interface accepts data as soon as the voltage at VCC is higher than the undervoltage lockout threshold and one power rail of the converter (main, core, or one of the LDOs) is operating. Therefore, the I2C interface is not operating after applying the battery voltage as the device automatically enters the WAIT mode with all rails off. When the device is in WAIT mode, the I2C registers are reset to their default values if all voltage rails are off. If the device is in WAIT mode and one power rail is left on, the I2C interface is operating and the registers are not reset after leaving the WAIT mode. DATA CLK Data Line Stable Data Valid Change of Data Allowed Figure 39. Bit Transfer on the Serial Interface CE DATA CLK S P START Condition STOP Condition Figure 40. START and STOP Conditions 39 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 ... SCLK A6 SDAT A5 ... A4 ... A0 R/W ACK 0 R6 ... R0 R5 ACK 0 D7 D6 ... D0 D5 ACK 0 Slave Address Start A. R7 ... 0 Register Address Data Stop NOTE: SLAVE = TPS65014 Figure 41. Serial Interface WRITE to TPS65014 Device ... SCLK SDAT A6 A0 R/W ACK 0 0 R7 .. ... R0 ACK .. A6 ... A0 R/W ACK 1 0 0 Register Address Slave Address Start A. .. ... .. D7 D0 Slave Drives The Data Slave Address ACK Master Stop Drives ACK and Stop NOTE: SLAVE = TPS65014 Figure 42. Serial Interface READ From TPS65014: Protocol A ... SCLK SDAT A6 A0 R/W ACK 0 0 R7 .. .. R0 Register Address Slave Address Start A. .. ... ... ACK A6 0 Stop Start .. A0 R/W ACK 1 0 Slave Address D7 .. D0 Slave Drives The Data ACK Master Stop Drives ACK and Stop NOTE: SLAVE = TPS65014 Figure 43. Serial Interface READ From TPS65014: Protocol B DATA t(BUF) th(STA) t(LOW) tr tf CLK th(STA) STO STA t(HIGH) th(DATA) tsu(STA) tsu(STO) tsu(DATA) STA Figure 44. Serial Interface Timing Diagram 40 STO TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 CHGSTATUS Register (Address: 01h—Default Value: 00h) CHGSTATUS B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Term Current Taper Timeout Chg Timeout Prechg Timeout BattTemp Error Name USB Charge AC Charge Thermal Suspend Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/write R R R R R/W R/W R/W R The CHGSTATUS register contents indicate the status of charge. Bit 7 - USB charge: • 0 = inactive. • 1 = USB source is present and in the range valid for charging. B7 remains active as long as the charge source is present. Bit 6 - AC charge: • 0 = wall plug source is not present and/or not in the range valid for charging. • 1 = wall plug source is present and in the range valid for charging. B6 remains active as long as the charge source is present. Bit 5 - Thermal suspend: • 0 = charging is allowed • 1 = charging is momentarily suspended due to excessive power dissipation on chip. Bit 4 - Term current: • 0 = charging, charge termination current threshold has not been crossed. • 1 = charge termination current threshold has been crossed and charging has been stopped. This can be due to a battery reaching full capacity, or to a battery removal condition. Bit 3 - 1 Prechg Timeout, Chg Timeout, Taper Timeout: • If CHCONFIG<5>=0: Bit 3 equals the output of the taper voltage comparator directly, without any timer delay. • If CHCONFIG<5>=1: there is a delay of 30 minutes because the timers have to time out first. • 0 = charging, timers did not time out • 1 = one of the timers has timed out and charging has been terminated. Bit 0 - BattTemp error: Battery temperature error • 0 = battery temperature is inside the allowed range and that charging is allowed. • 1 = battery temperature is outside of the allowed range and that charging is suspended. B1-4 may be reset via the serial interface in order to force a reset of the charger. Any attempt to write to B0 and B5-7 is ignored. A 1 in B<7:0> sets the INT pin active unless the corresponding bit in the MASK register is set. 41 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 REGSTATUS Register (Address: 02h—Default Value: 00h) REGSTATUS B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 PGOOD LDO2 PGOOD LDO1 PGOOD MAIN PGOOD CORE Bit name PB_ONOFF BATT_COVER UVLO Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/write R R R R R R R R Bit 7 - PB_ONOFF: • 0 = inactive • 1 = user activated the PB_ONOFF switch to request that all rails are shut down. Bit 6 - BATT_COVER: • 0 = BATT_COVER pin is high. • 1 = BATT_COVER pin is low. Bit 5 - UVLO: • 0 = voltage at the VCC pin above UVLO threshold. • 1 = voltage at the VCC pin has dropped below the UVLO threshold. Bit 4 - not implemented Bit 3 - PGOOD LDO2: • 0 = LDO2 output in regulation, or LDO2 disabled with VREGS1 < 7 > = 0 • 1 = LDO2 output out of regulation. Bit 2 - PGOOD LDO1: • 0 = LDO1 output in regulation, or LDO1 disabled with VREGS1 < 3 > = 0 • 1 = LDO1 output out of regulation. Bit 1 - PGOOD MAIN: • 0 = Main converter output in regulation. • 1 = Main converter output out of regulation. Bit 0 - PGOOD CORE: • 0 = Core converter output in regulation. • 1 = Core converter output out of regulation, or VDCDC2 < 7 > = 1 in low power mode A rising edge in the REGSTATUS register contents causes INT to be driven low if it is not masked in the MASK2. MASK1 Register (Address: 03h—Default Value: FFh) MASK1 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Bit name Mask USB Mask AC Mask Thermal Suspend Mask Term Mask Taper Mask Chg Mask Prechg Mask BattTemp Default 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Read/write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W The MASK1 register is used to mask all or any of the conditions in the corresponding CHGSTATUS<7:0> positions being indicated at the INT pin. Default is to mask all. 42 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 MASK2 Register (Address: 04h—Default Value: FFh) MASK2 B7 B6 Bit name Mask PB_ONOFF Mask BATT_COVER B5 B4 Mask UVLO Default 1 1 1 Read/write R/W R/W R/W B3 B2 B1 B0 Mask PGOOD LDO2 Mask PGOOD LDO1 Mask PGOOD MAIN Mask PGOOD CORE 1 1 1 1 1 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W The MASK2 register is used to mask all or any of the conditions in the corresponding REGSTATUS<7:0> positions being indicated at the INT pin. Default is to mask all. ACKINT1 Register (Address: 05h—Default Value: 00h) ACKINT1 Bit name B7 Ack USB B6 B5 Ack AC Ack Thermal Shutdown B4 Ack Term B3 Ack Taper B2 Ack Chg B1 B0 Ack Prechg Ack BattTemp Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/write R R R R R R R R The ACKINT1 register is internally used to acknowledge any of the interrupts in the corresponding CHGSTATUS<7:0> positions. When this is done, the acknowledged interrupt is no longer fed through to the INT pin and so the INT pin becomes free to indicate the next pending interrupt. If none exists, then the INT pin goes high, else it will remain low. A 1 at any position in ACKINT1 is automatically cleared when the corresponding interrupt condition in CHGSTATUS is removed. The application processor should not normally need to access the ACKINT1 register. ACKINT2 Register (Address: 06h—Default Value: 00h) ACKINT2 B7 B6 B5 Bit name and function Ack PB_ONOFF Ack BATT_ COVER Ack UVLO B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Ack PGOOD Ack PGOOD Ack PGOOD Ack PGOOD LDO2 LDO1 MAIN CORE Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/write R R R R R R R R The ACKINT2 register is internally used to acknowledge any of the interrupts in the corresponding REGSTATUS<7:0> positions. When this is done, the acknowledged interrupt is no longer fed through to the INT pin and so the INT pin becomes free to indicate the next pending interrupt. If none exists, then the INT pin goes high, else it will remain low. A 1 at any position in ACKINT2 is automatically cleared when the corresponding interrupt condition in REGSTATUS is removed. The application processor should not normally need to access the ACKINT2 register. CHGCONFIG Register Address: 07h—Default Value: 1Bh CHGCONFIG Bit name B7 AUA B6 B5 Fast charge Charger reset timer + taper timer enabled B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 MSB charge current LSB charge current USB / 100 mA 500 mA USB charge allowed Charge enable Default 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Read/write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W The CHGCONFIG register is used to configure the charger. Bit 7 - AUA: • 0 = If a voltage is present at AC or USB in the appropriate range for charging, and if VCC > UVLO, the TPS65014 is forced into ON mode. The WAIT mode is disabled. • 1 = If a voltage source at AC or USB is present, the WAIT mode is enabled, and the TPS65014 does not automatically turn on the converters. Bit 6 - Charger reset: • Clears all the timers in the charger and forces a restart of the charge algorithm. • 0 / 1 = This bit must be set and then reset via the serial interface. 43 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 Bit 5 - Fast charge timer + taper timer enabled: • 0 = fast charge timer disabled (default), CHSTATUS < 3 >= status of the taper detect comparator output. • 1 = enables the fast charge timer and taper timer. CHSTATUS < 3 >= status of the taper timer. Bit 4, Bit 3 - MSB/LSB Charge current: • Used to set the constant current in the current regulation phase. B4:B3 CHARGE CURRENT RATE 11 Maximum current set by the external resistor at the ISET pin 10 75% of maximun 01 50% of maximun 00 25% of maximun Bit 2 - USB 100 mA / 500 mA: • 0 = sets the USB charging current to max 100 mA. • 1 = sets the USB charging current to max 500 mA. B2 is ignored if B1 = 0. Bit 1 - USB charge allowed: • 0 = prevents any charging from the USB input. • 1 = charging from the USB input is allowed. Bit 0 - Charge enable: • 0 = charging is not allowed. • 1 = charger is free to charge from either of the two input sources. If both sources are present and valid, the TPS65014 charges from the AC pin source. LED1_ON Register (Address: 08h—Default Value: 00h) LED1_ON B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Bit name PG1 LED1 ON6 LED1 ON5 LED1 ON4 LED1 ON3 LED1 ON2 LED1 ON1 LED1 ON 0 Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W The LED1_ON and LED1_PER registers can be used to take control of the PG open-drain output normally controlled by the charger. Bit 7 - PG1: Control of the PG pin is determined by PG1 and PG2 according to the table under LED1_PER register Bit 6 - BIT 0 - LED1_ON<6:0> are used to program the on-time of the open-drain output transistor at the PG pin. The minimum on-time is typically 10 ms and one LSB corresponds to a 10-ms step change in the on-time. LED1_PER Register (Address: 09h—Default Value: 00h) 44 LED1_PER B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Bit name PG2 LED1 PER6 LED1 PER5 LED1 PER4 LED1 PER3 LED1 PER2 LED1 PER1 LED1 PER 0 Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 Bit 7 - PG2: Control of the PG pin is determined by PG1 and PG2 according to the following table. Default shown in bold. PG1 PG2 BEHAVIOR OF PG OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUT 0 0 Under charger control 0 1 Blink 1 0 Off 1 1 Always On Bit 6-Bit 0 - LED1_PER<6:0> are used to program the time period of the open-drain output transistor at the PG pin. The minimum period is typically 100 ms and one LSB corresponds to a 100-ms, step change in the period. LED2_ON Register (Address: 0Ah—Default Value: 00h) LED2_ON B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Bit name LED21 LED2 ON6 LED2 ON5 LED2 ON4 LED2 ON3 LED2 ON2 LED2 ON1 LED2 ON0 Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W The LED2_ON and LED2_PER registers are used to control the LED2 open-drain output. Bit 7 LED22: Control is determined by LED21 and LED22 according to the table under LED2_PER register. Bit 6-Bit 0 - LED2_ON<6:0> are used to program the on-time of the open-drain output transistor at the LED2 pin. The minimum on-time is typically 10 ms and one LSB corresponds to a 10-ms, step change in the on-time. LED2_PER (Register Address: 0Bh—Default Value: 00h) LED2_PER B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Bit name LED22 LED2 PER6 LED2 PER5 LED2 PER4 LED2 PER3 LED2 PER2 LED2 PER1 LED2 PER 0 Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Bit 7 LED22: Control is determined by LED21 and LED22 according to the table. Default shown in bold. Bit 6-Bit 0 - LED2_ON<6:0> are used to program the on-time of the open-drain output transistor at the LED2 pin. The minimum on-time is typically 100 ms and one LSB corresponds to a 100-ms, step change in the on-time. LED21 LED22 0 0 BEHAVIOR OF LED2 OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUT Off 0 1 Blink 1 0 Off 1 1 Always On VDCDC1 Register (Address: 0Ch—Default Value: 32h/33h) VDCDC1 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Bit name FPWM UVLO1 UVLO0 ENABLE SUPPLY ENABLE LP MAIN DISCHARGE MAIN1 MAIN0 Default 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 DEFMAIN Read/write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W The VDCDC1 register is used to program the VMAIN switching converter. Bit 7 - FPWM: forced PWM mode for dc-dc converters. • 0 = MAIN and the CORE dc-dc converter are allowed to switch into PFM mode. • 1 = MAIN and the CORE dc-dc converter operate with forced fixed-frequency PWM mode and are not allowed to switch into PFM mode, at light load. Bit 6-Bit 5 - UVLO<1:0>: The undervoltage threshold voltage is set by UVLO1 and UVLO0 according to the following table, with the default value in bold. 45 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 UVLO1 UVLO0 0 0 VUVLO 2.5 V 0 1 2.75 V 1 0 3.0 V 1 1 3.25 V Bit 4 - ENABLE SUPPLY (selects between LOW POWER mode and WAIT mode): • 0 = WAIT mode allowed, activated when LOW_PWR pin = 1 and VDCDC1 < 3 >= 1. • 1 = The TPS65014 enters LOW POWER mode when LOW_PWR pin = 1 and VDCDC1 < 3 >= 1. Bit 3 - ENABLE LP: • 0 = disables the low power function of the LOW_PWR pin. • 1 = enables the low power function of the LOW_PWR pin. Bit 2 - MAIN DISCHARGE: • 0 = disables the active discharge of the VMAIN converter output. • 1 = enables the active discharge of the VMAIN converter output, when the converter is disabled (i.e., in WAIT mode). Bit 1-Bit 0 - MAIN<1:0>: The VMAIN converter output voltages are set according to the following table, with the default values in bold set by the DEFMAIN pin. The default voltage can subsequently be overwritten via the serial interface after start-up. MAIN1 MAIN0 VMAIN 0 0 2.5 V 0 1 2.75 V 1 0 3.0 V 1 1 3.3 V VDCDC2 Register (Address: 0Dh—Default Value: 60h/70h) VDCDC2 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Bit name LP_COREOFF CORE2 CORE1 CORE0 CORELP1 CORELP0 VIB CORE DISCHARGE Default 0 1 1 DEFCORE 1 0 0 0 Read/write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W The VDCDC2 register is used to program the VCORE switching converter output voltage. It is programmable in 8 steps between 0.85 V and 1.8 V. The default value is governed by the DEFCORE pin; DEFCORE=0 sets an output voltage of 1.5 V. DEFCORE=1 sets an output voltage of 1.8 V. Bit 7 - LP_COREOFF: • 0 = VCORE converter is enabled in low power mode. • 1 = VCORE converter is disabled in low power mode. 46 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 Bit 6-Bit 4 - CORE<2:0>: The following table shows all possible values of VCORE. The default value can subsequently be overwritten via the serial interface after start-up. CORE2 CORE1 CORE0 VCORE 0 0 0 0.85 V 0 0 1 1.0 V 0 1 0 1.1 V 0 1 1 1.2 V 1 0 0 1.3 V 1 0 1 1.4 V 1 1 0 1.5 V 1 1 1 1.8 V Bit 3-Bit 2 - CORELP<1:0>: CORELP1 and CORELP0 can be used to set the VCORE voltage in low power mode. In low power mode, CORE2 is effectively 0, and CORE1, CORE0 take on the values programmed at CORELP1 and CORELP0, default 10 giving VCORE = 1.1 V as default in low power mode. When low power mode is exited, VCORE reverts to the value set by CORE2, CORE1, and CORE0. Bit 1 - VIB: • 0 = disables the VIB output transistor. • 1 = enables the VIB output transistor to drive the vibrator motor. Bit 0 - CORE DISCHARGE: • 0 = disables the active discharge of the VCORE converter output. • 1 = enables the active discharge of the VCORE converter output in WAIT mode, or if VDCDC2 < 7 >= 1 in LOW POWER mode. VREGS1Register (Address: 0Eh—Default Value: 88h) VREGS1 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Bit name LDO2 enable LDO2 OFF / nSLP LDO21 LDO20 LDO1 enable LDO1 OFF / nSLP LDO11 LDO10 Default 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Read/write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W The VREGS1 register is used to program and enable LDO1 and LDO2 and to set their behavior when low power mode is active. The LDO output voltages can be set either on the fly, while the relevant LDO is disabled, or simultaneously when the relevant enable bit is set. Note that both LDOs are per default ON. Bit 7-Bit 6 - The function of the LDO2 enable and LDO2 OFF/nSLP bits is shown in the following table. See the power-on sequencing section for details of low power mode. LDO2 ENABLE LDO2 OFF / nSLP LDO STATUS IN NORMAL MODE LDO STATUS IN LOW-POWER MODE 0 X OFF OFF 1 0 ON, full power ON, reduced power/performance 1 1 ON, full power OFF Bit 5-Bit 4 - LDO2<1:0>: LDO2 has a default output voltage of 1.8 V. If desired, this can be changed at the same time as it is enabled via the serial interface. LDO21 LDO20 VLDO2 0 0 1.8 V 0 1 2.5 V 1 0 3.0 V 1 1 3.3 V 47 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 Bit 3-Bit 2 - The function of the LDO1 enable and LDO1 OFF / nSLP bits is shown in the following table. See the power-on sequencing section for details of low-power mode. Note that programming LDO1 to a higher voltage may force a system power-on reset if the increase is in the 10% or greater range. LDO1 ENABLE LDO1 OFF / nSLP LDO STATUS IN NORMAL MODE LDO STATUS IN LOW-POWER MODE 0 X OFF OFF 1 0 ON, full power ON, reduced power/performance 1 1 ON, full power OFF Bit 1-Bit 0 - LDO1<1:0>: The LDO1 output voltage is per default set externally. If so desired, this can be changed via the serial interface. LDO11 LDO10 VLDO1 0 0 ADJ 0 1 2.5 V 1 0 2.75 V 1 1 3.0 V MASK3 Register (Address: 0Fh—Default Value: 00h) MASK3 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Bit name Edge trigger GPIO4 Edge trigger GPIO3 Edge trigger GPIO2 Edge trigger GPIO1 Mask GPIO4 Mask GPIO3 Mask GPIO2 Mask GPIO1 Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W The MASK3 register must be considered when any of the GPIO pins are programmed as inputs. Bit 7-Bit 4 - Edge trigger GPIO<4:1>: determine whether the respective GPIO generates an interrupt at a rising or a falling edge. • 0 = falling edge triggered. • 1 = rising edge triggered. Bit 3-Bit 0 - Mask GPIO<4:1>: can be used to mask the corresponding interrupt. Default is unmasked (mask GPIOx = 0). DEFGPIO Register Address: (10h—Default Value: 00h) DEFGPIO B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 Bit name IO4 IO3 IO2 IO1 Value GPIO4 Value GPIO3 Value GPIO2 Value GPIO1 Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Read/write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W The DEFGPIO register is used to define the GPIO pins to be either input or output. Bit 7-Bit 4 - IO<4:1>: • 0 = sets the corresponding GPIO to be an input. • 1 = sets the corresponding GPIO to be an output. Bit 3-Bit 0 - Value GPIO<4:1>: If a GPIO is programmed to be an output, then the signal output is determined by the corresponding bit. The output circuit for each GPIO is an open-drain NMOS requiring an external pullup resistor. • 1 = activates the relevant NMOS, hence forcing a logic low signal at the GPIO pin. • 0 = turns the open-drain transistor OFF, hence the voltage at the GPIO pin is determined by the voltage to which the pullup resistor is connected. If a particular GPIO is programmed to be an input, then the contents of the relevant bit in B3-0 is defined by the logic level at the GPIO pin. A logic low forces a 0 and a logic high forces a 1. If a GPIO is programmed to be an input, then any attempt to write to the relevant bit in B3-0 is ignored. 48 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 DESIGN PROCEDURE Inductor Selection for the Main and the Core Converter The main and the core converters in the TPS65014 typically use a 6.2-µH and a 10-µH output inductor, respectively. Larger or smaller inductor values can be used to optimize the performance of the device for specific operation conditions. The selected inductor has to be rated for its dc resistance and saturation current. The dc resistance of the inductance influences directly the efficiency of the converter. Therefore, an inductor with lowest dc resistance is selected for highest efficiency. Equation 3 calculates the maximum inductor current under static load conditions. The saturation current of the inductor should be rated higher than the maximum inductor current as calculated with Equation 3. This is needed because during heavy load transient, the inductor current rises above the value calculated under Equation 3. V 1– O V I I V L O Lƒ (3) I I I L L(max) O(max) 2 (4) with: • f = Switching frequency (1.25 MHz typical) • L = Inductor value • ∆IL= Peak-to-peak inductor ripple current • ILmax = Maximum inductor current The highest inductor current occurs at maximum VI. Open core inductors have a soft saturation characteristic, and they can usually handle higher inductor currents versus a comparable shielded inductor. A more conservative approach is to select the inductor current rating just for the maximum switch current of the TPS65014 (2 A for the main converter and 0.8 A for the core converter). Keep in mind that the core material from inductor to inductor differs and has an impact on the efficiency especially at high switching frequencies. See Table 4 and the typical applications for possible inductors Table 4. Tested Inductors DEVICE INDUCTOR VALUE DIMENSIONS COMPONENT SUPPLIER 10 µH 6 mm × 6 mm × 2 mm Sumida CDRH5D18-100 10 µH 5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm Sumida CDRH4D28-100 4.7 µH 5,5 mm × 6,6 mm x 1 mm Coilcraft LPO1704-472M 4.7 µH 5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm Sumida CDRH4D28C-4.7 4.7 µH 5,2 mm × 5,2 mm × 2,5 mm Coiltronics SD25-4R7 5.3 µH 5,7 mm × 5,7 mm × 3 mm Sumida CDRH5D28-5R3 6.2 µH 5,7 mm × 5,7 mm × 3 mm Sumida CDRH5D28-6R2 6 µH 7 mm × 7 mm × 3 mm Sumida CDRH6D28-6R0 Core converter Main converter Output Capacitor Selection The advanced fast response voltage mode control scheme of the inductive converters implemented in the TPS65014 allow the use of small ceramic capacitors with a typical value of 22 µF for the main converter and 10 µF for the core converter without having large output voltage under/overshoots during heavy load transients. Ceramic capacitors having low ESR values have the lowest output voltage ripple and are recommended. If required tantalum capacitors with an ESR < 100 ΩR may be used as well. See Table 5 for recommended components. 49 TPS65014 www.ti.com SLVS551 – DECEMBER 2004 If ceramic output capacitors are used, the capacitor RMS ripple current rating always meet the application requirements. For completeness, the RMS ripple current is calculated as: V 1– O V I I V 1 RMSC(out) O Lƒ 2 3 (5) At nominal load current, the inductive converters operate in PWM mode and the overall output voltage ripple is the sum of the voltage spike caused by the output capacitor ESR plus the voltage ripple caused by charging and discharging the output capacitor: V 1– O V I 1 V V ESR O O 8C ƒ Lƒ O (6) Where the highest output voltage ripple occurs at the highest input voltage VI. At light load currents, the converters operate in power save mode and the output voltage ripple is independent of the output capacitor value. The output voltage ripple is set by the internal comparator thresholds. The typical output voltage ripple is 1% of the nominal output voltage. If the output voltage for the core converter is programmed to its lowest voltage of 0.85 V, the output capacitor must be increased to 22 µF for low output voltage ripple. This is because the current in the inductor decreases slowly during the off-time and further increases the output voltage even when the PMOS is off. This effect increases with low output voltages. Input Capacitor Selection A pulsating input current is the nature of the buck converter. Therefore, a low ESR input capacitor is required for best input voltage filtering. It also minimizes the interference with other circuits caused by high input voltage spikes. The main converter needs a 22-µF ceramic input capacitor and the core converter a 10-µF ceramic capacitor. The input capacitor for the main and the core converter can be combined and one 22-µF capacitor can be used instead, because the two converters operate with a phase shift of 270 degrees. The input capacitor can be increased without any limit for better input voltage filtering. The VCC pin should be separated from the input for the main and the core converter. A filter resistor of up to 100 Ω and a 1-µF capacitor is used for decoupling the VCC pin from switching noise. Table 5. Possible Capacitors CAPACITOR VALUE CASE SIZE COMPONENT SUPPLIER COMMENTS 22 µF 1206 TDK C3216X5R0J226M Ceramic 22 µF 1206 Taiyo Yuden JMK316BJ226ML Ceramic 22 µF 1210 Taiyo Yuden JMK325BJ226MM Ceramic LDO1 Output Voltage Adjustment The output voltage of LDO1 is set with a resistor divider at the feedback pin. The sum of the two resistors must not exceed 1 MR to minimize voltage changes due to leakage current into the feedback pin. The output voltage for LDO1 after start-up is the voltage set by the external resistor divider. It can be reprogrammed with the I2C interface to the three other values defined in the register VREGS1. 50 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 19-May-2005 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty TPS65014RGZR ACTIVE QFN RGZ 48 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR TPS65014RGZRG4 ACTIVE QFN RGZ 48 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR TPS65014RGZT ACTIVE QFN RGZ 48 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR TPS65014RGZTG4 ACTIVE QFN RGZ 48 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS) or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. 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