CS8129 CS8129 5V, 750mA Low Dropout Linear Regulator with Lower RESET Threshold Description The CS8129 is a precision 5V linear regulator capable of sourcing 750mA. The RESET threshold voltage has been lowered to 4.2V so that the regulator can be used with 4V microprocessors. The lower RESET threshold also permits operation under low battery conditions (5.5V plus a diode). The RESET Õs delay time is externally programmed using a discrete RC network. During power up, or when the output goes out of regulation, RESET remains in the low state for the duration of the delay. This function is independent of the input voltage and will function correctly as long as the output voltage remains at or above 1V. Hysteresis is included in Features the Delay and the RESET comparators to improve noise immunity. A latching discharge circuit is used to discharge the delay capacitor when it is triggered by a brief fault condition. The regulator is protected against a variety of fault conditions: i.e. reverse battery, overvoltage, short circuit and thermal runaway conditions. The regulator is protected against voltage transients ranging from -50V to +40V. Short circuit current is limited to 1.2A (typ). The CS8129 is packaged in a 5 lead TOÐ220 and a 16 lead surface mount package. Block Diagram VIN Over Voltage Shutdown VOUT ■ 5V +/- 3% Regulated Output ■ Low Dropout Voltage (0.6V @ 0.5A) ■ 750mA Output Current Capability ■ Reduced RESET Threshold for use with 4V Microprocessors ■ Externally Programmed RESET Delay ■ Fault Protection Reverse Battery 60V, -50V Peak Transient Voltage Short Circuit Thermal Shutdown Package Options 16 Lead SOIC Wide VIN Regulated Supply for Circuit Bias PreRegulator Error Amplifier Bandgap Reference + - Charge Current Generator Anti-Saturation and Current Limit VOUTSENSE Thermal Shutdown Latching Discharge VOUT 1 NC NC NC VOUT(SENSE) Gnd Gnd Gnd Gnd RESET Gnd NC NC Delay NC Delay Q S + 5 Lead TO-220 R + - VDISCHARGE + - Delay Comparator RESET Gnd 1 1 VIN 2 RESET 3 Gnd 4 Delay 5 VOUT Cherry Semiconductor Corporation 2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich, RI 02818 Tel: (401)885-3600 Fax: (401)885-5786 Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.cherry-semi.com Rev. 3/31/99 1 A ¨ Company CS8129 Absolute Maximum Ratings Input Operating Range..................................................................................................................................................-0.5 to 26V Power Dissipation.............................................................................................................................................Internally Limited Peak Transient Voltage (46V Load Dump @ 14V VIN) ...............................................................................................-50V, 60V Output Current .................................................................................................................................................Internally Limited ESD Susceptibility (Human Body Model)..............................................................................................................................4kV Junction Temperature .............................................................................................................................................-55¡C to 150¡C Storage Temperature...............................................................................................................................................-55¡C to 150¡C Lead Temperature Soldering Wave Solder (through hole styles only) .....................................................................................10 sec. max, 260¡C peak Reflow (SMD styles only) ......................................................................................60 sec. max above 183¡C, 230¡C peak Electrical Characteristics: -40ûC ² TA ² + 125ûC, -40ûC ² TJ ² +150ûC, 6V ² VIN ² 26V, 5mA ² IOUT ² 500mA, R RESET = 4.7k½ to VOUT unless otherwise noted* PARAMETER ■ TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Output Stage (VOUT) Output Voltage 5.00 5.15 V Dropout Voltage IOUT = 500mA 4.85 0.35 0.60 V Supply Current IOUT ² 10mA IOUT ² 100mA IOUT ² 500mA 2 6 55 7 12 100 mA Line Regulation 6V ² VIN ² 26V, IOUT = 50mA 5 50 mV Load Regulation 50mA ² IOUT ² 500mA, VIN = 14V 10 50 mV Ripple Rejection f = 120Hz, VIN = 7 to 17V, IOUT = 250mA Current Limit Overvoltage Shutdown 54 75 0.75 1.20 32 dB A 40 V Reverse Polarity Input Voltage DC VOUT ³ -0.6V, 10½ Load -15 -30 V Thermal Shutdown Guaranteed by Design 150 180 210 ¡C 5 10 15 µA 4.05 4.00 4.35 4.20 4.50 4.45 V V 50 150 250 mV 3.25 2.85 3.50 3.10 3.75 3.35 V V 200 400 800 mV 0.1 0.4 V 0 10 µA 0.2 0.5 V 32 48 ms ■ RESET and Delay Functions Delay Charge Current VDELAY = 2V RESET Threshold VOUT Increasing, VRT(ON) VOUT Decreasing, VRT(OFF) RESET Hysteresis VRH=VRT(ON) - VRT(OFF) Delay Threshold Charge, VDC(HI) Discharge, VDC(LO) Delay Hysteresis RESET Output Voltage Low1V < VOUT < VRT(L) , 3k½ to VOUT RESET Output Leakage VOUT > VRT(H) Current Delay Capacitor Discharge Voltage Discharge Latched ÒONÓ, VOUT > VRT Delay Time CDELAY = 0.1µF (Note 1) 16 * To observe safe operating junction temperatures, low duty cycle pulse testing is used in tests where applicable. Delay Time = CDelay x VDelay Threshold Charge I Charge = CDelay x 3.5 x 10 5 (typ) Note 1: assuming ideal capacitor 2 CS8129 Package Lead Description PACKAGE LEAD # LEAD SYMBOL FUNCTION 16L SOIC Wide 5L TO-220 1 1 VIN Unregulated supply voltage to IC. 16 5 VOUT Regulated 5V output. 4, 5, 11, 12, 13 3 Gnd Ground connection. 8 4 Delay Timing capacitor for RESET function. 6 2 RESET CMOS/TTL compatible output lead. RESET goes low whenever VOUT drops below 6% of it's regulated value. 14 N/A VOUT(SENSE) Remote sensing of output voltage. Typical Performance Characteristics Quiescent Current vs Input Voltage over Temperature 55.0 Quiescent Current vs Input Voltage over Load Resistance 120.0 Rload = 25W 50.0 Room Temp. Rload = 6.67W 100.0 45.0 40.0 80.0 30.0 125ûC 25.0 ICQ (mA) ICQ (mA) 35.0 25ûC 60.0 20.0 Rload = 10W 40.0 15.0 10.0 20.0 -40ûC 5.0 Rload = 25W Rload = NO LOAD 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 VIN (V) VIN (V) VOUT vs. VIN over RLOAD Output Voltage vs Input Voltage over Temperature 5.5 Rload = 25W 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 Rload = 6.67W 3.5 3.0 VOUT (V) 3.5 VOUT (V) Room Temp. 5.0 Rload=25½ 125ûC 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 -40ûC 1.0 Rload = NO LOAD 1.5 25ûC 1.5 1.0 Rload = 10W 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 VIN (V) VIN (V) Line Regulation vs. Output Current Load Regulation vs. Output Current 100 6 VIN 6-26V 4 60 LOAD REGULATION (mV) LINE REGULATION (mV) 80 40 TEMP = 25ûC 20 TEMP = -40ûC 0 -20 -40 TEMP = 125ûC -60 -80 TEMP = -40ûC 2 0 -2 TEMP = 25ûC -4 VIN = 14V -6 TEMP = 125ûC -8 -10 -12 -100 -14 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 100 200 300 400 500 600 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 3 700 800 CS8129 Typical Performance Characteristics Continued Quiescent Current vs. Output Current 900 100 800 90 QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) Dropout Voltage vs. Output Current 700 600 25ûC 500 125ûC 400 300 -40ûC 200 100 125ûC 80 70 25ûC VIN = 14V 60 50 -40ûC 40 30 20 10 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 100 200 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 300 400 500 600 700 800 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Ripple Rejection Output Capacitor ESR 103 IOUT= 250mA 90 80 70 60 50 40 COUT= 10mF, ESR = 1W 30 20 0 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 10-1 10 -2 10 -3 COUT= 47mF COUT= 68mF 10-4 100 108 Stable Region 100 COUT= 10mF, ESR = 10W 10 COUT= 47/68mF 101 ESR (ohms) REJECTION (dB) 102 COUT= 10mF, ESR = 1 & 0.1mF, ESR = 0 101 FREQUENCY (Hz) 102 Output Current (mA) Test & Application Circuit VOUT VIN CIN* 100nF CS8129 Delay Gnd Delay 0.1mF *CIN required if regulator is far from the power source filter. **COUT required for stability. 4 RESET RRST 4.7kW COUT** 10mF to 100mF 103 CS8129 RESET Circuit Waveform VOUT (1) = No Delay Capacitor (2) = With Delay Capacitor (3) = Max: RESET Voltage (1.0V) VRH VRT(ON) VRT(OFF) (1) RESET (2) (3) VRL tDelay Delay VDH VDC(HI) VDC(LO) VDIS (2) RESET Circuit Functional Description put voltage is above VRT(ON). Otherwise, the Delay lead sinks current to ground (used to discharge the delay capacitor). The discharge current is latched ON when the output voltage is below VRT(OFF). The Delay capacitor is fully discharged anytime the output voltage falls out of regulation, even for a short period of time. This feature ensures a controlled RESET pulse is generated following detection of an error condition. The circuit allows the RESET output transistor to go to the OFF (open) state only when the voltage on the Delay lead is higher than VDC(HI). The CS8129 RESET function has hysteresis on both the reset and delay comparators, a latching Delay capacitor discharge circuit, and operates down to 1V. The RESET circuit output is an open collector type with ON and OFF parameters as specified. The RESET output NPN transistor is controlled by the two circuits described (see Block Diagram). Low Voltage Inhibit Circuit This circuit monitors output voltage, and when output voltage is below the specified minimum causes the RESET output transistor to be in the ON (saturation) state. When the output voltage is above the specified level, this circuit permits the RESET output transistor to go into the OFF state if allowed by the RESET Delay circuit. The Delay time for the RESET function is calculated from the formula: Delay time = CDelay x VDelay Threshold ICharge Delay time = CDelay(µF) x 3.2 Reset Delay Circuit x 10 5 If CDelay=0.1µF, Delay time (ms)=32ms ± 50%: i.e. 16ms to 48ms. The tolerance of the capacitor must be taken into account to calculate the total variation in the delay time. This circuit provides a programmable (by external capacitor) delay on the RESET output lead. The Delay lead provides source current to the external delay capacitor only when the "Low Voltage Inhibit" circuit indicates that out- 5 CS8129 Application Notes low temperatures. The ESR of the capacitor should be less than 50% of the maximum allowable ESR found in step 3 above. Stability Considerations The output or compensation capacitor helps determine three main characteristics of a linear regulator: start-up delay, load transient response and loop stability. The capacitor value and type should be based on cost, availability, size and temperature constraints. A tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor is best, since a film or ceramic capacitor with almost zero ESR can cause instability. The aluminum electrolytic capacitor is the least expensive solution, but, if the circuit operates at low temperatures (-25¡C to -40¡C), both the value and ESR of the least expensive will vary considerably. The capacitor manufacturers data sheet usually provides this information. The value for the output capacitor COUT shown in the test and applications circuit should work for most applications, however it is not necessarily the optimized solution. To determine an acceptable value for COUT for a particular application, start with a tantalum capacitor of the recommended value and work towards a less expensive alternative part. Step 1: Place the completed circuit with a tantalum capacitor of the recommended value in an environmental chamber at the lowest specified operating temperature and monitor the outputs with an oscilloscope. A decade box connected in series with the capacitor will simulate the higher ESR of an aluminum capacitor. Leave the decade box outside the chamber, the small resistance added by the longer leads is negligible. Step 2: With the input voltage at its maximum value, increase the load current slowly from zero to full load while observing the output for any oscillations. If no oscillations are observed, the capacitor is large enough to ensure a stable design under steady state conditions. Step 3: Increase the ESR of the capacitor from zero using the decade box and vary the load current until oscillations appear. Record the values of load current and ESR that cause the greatest oscillation. This represents the worst case load conditions for the regulator at low temperature. Step 4: Maintain the worst case load conditions set in step 3 and vary the input voltage until the oscillations increase. This point represents the worst case input voltage conditions. Step 5: If the capacitor is adequate, repeat steps 3 and 4 with the next smaller valued capacitor. A smaller capacitor will usually cost less and occupy less board space. If the output oscillates within the range of expected operating conditions, repeat steps 3 and 4 with the next larger standard capacitor value. Step 6: Test the load transient response by switching in various loads at several frequencies to simulate its real working environment. Vary the ESR to reduce ringing. Step 7: Remove the unit from the environmental chamber and heat the IC with a heat gun. Vary the load current as instructed in step 5 to test for any oscillations. Once the minimum capacitor value with the maximum ESR is found, a safety factor should be added to allow for the tolerance of the capacitor and any variations in regulator performance. Most good quality aluminum electrolytic capacitors have a tolerance of +/- 20% so the minimum value found should be increased by at least 50% to allow for this tolerance plus the variation which will occur at Calculating Power Dissipation in a Single Output Linear Regulator The maximum power dissipation for a single output regulator (Figure 1) is: PD(max)={VIN(max)ÐVOUT(min)}IOUT(max)+VIN(max)IQ (1) where VIN(max) is the maximum input voltage, VOUT(min) is the minimum output voltage, IOUT(max) is the maximum output current for the application, and IQ is the quiescent current the regulator consumes at IOUT(max). Once the value of PD(max) is known, the maximum permissible value of RQJA can be calculated: RQJA = 150¡C - TA PD (2) The value of RQJA can then be compared with those in the package section of the data sheet. Those packages with RQJA's less than the calculated value in equation 2 will keep the die temperature below 150¡C. In some cases, none of the packages will be sufficient to dissipate the heat generated by the IC, and an external heatsink will be required. IIN VIN Smart Regulator } IOUT VOUT Control Features IQ Figure 1: Single output regulator with key performance parameters labeled. 6 where RQJC = the junctionÐtoÐcase thermal resistance, RQCS = the caseÐtoÐheatsink thermal resistance, and RQSA = the heatsinkÐtoÐambient thermal resistance. RQJC appears in the package section of the data sheet. Like RQJA, it too is a function of package type. RQCS and RQSA are functions of the package type, heatsink and the interface between them. These values appear in heat sink data sheets of heat sink manufacturers. Heat Sinks A heat sink effectively increases the surface area of the package to improve the flow of heat away from the IC and into the surrounding air. Each material in the heat flow path between the IC and the outside environment will have a thermal resistance. Like series electrical resistances, these resistances are summed to determine the value of RQJA. RQJA = RQJC + RQCS + RQSA (3) 7 CS8129 Application Notes: continued CS8129 Package Specification PACKAGE THERMAL DATA PACKAGE DIMENSIONS IN mm (INCHES) D Lead Count Metric Max Min 10.50 10.10 16 L SOIC Wide Thermal Data English Max Min .413 .398 RQJC RQJA Surface Mount Wide Body (DW); 300 mil wide typ typ 16 Lead SOIC Wide 23 105 5 Lead TO-220 2.1 ûC/W 50 ûC/W 5 Lead TO-220 (THA) Horizontal 4.83 (.190) 10.54 (.415) 9.78 (.385) 7.60 (.299) 7.40 (.291) 10.65 (.419) 10.00 (.394) 2.87 (.113) 2.62 (.103) 1.40 (.055) 14.99 (.590) 14.22 (.560) 6.55 (.258) 5.94 (.234) 0.51 (.020) 0.33 (.013) 4.06 (.160) 1.14 (.045) 3.96 (.156) 3.71 (.146) 1.27 (.050) BSC 2.77 (.109) 2.49 (.098) 2.24 (.088) 6.83 (.269) 2.65 (.104) 2.35 (.093) 1.68 (.066) TYP 1.70 (.067) 0.81(.032) 1.27 (.050) 0.40 (.016) 0.32 (.013) 0.23 (.009) D REF: JEDEC MS-013 2.92 (.115) 2.29 (.090) 0.56 (.022) 0.36 (.014) 6.60 (.260) 5.84 (.230) 6.81(.268) 0.30 (.012) 0.10 (.004) 5 Lead TO-220 (T) Straight 10.54 (.415) 9.78 (.385) 2.87 (.113) 6.55 (.258) 2.62 (.103) 5.94 (.234) 4.83 (.190) 4.06 (.160) 5 Lead TO-220 (TVA) Vertical 1.40 (.055) 1.14 (.045) 4.83 (.190) 4.06 (.160) 3.96 (.156) 3.71 (.146) 10.54 (.415) 9.78 (.385) 14.99 (.590) 14.22 (.560) 3.96 (.156) 3.71 (.146) 1.40 (.055) 1.14 (.045) 6.55 (.258) 5.94 (.234) 2.87 (.113) 2.62 (.103) 14.22 (.560) 13.72 (.540) 14.99 (.590) 14.22 (.560) 1.78 (.070) 2.92 (.115) 2.29 (.090) 8.64 (.340) 7.87 (.310) 1.02 (.040) 0.76 (.030) 1.83(.072) 1.57(.062) 1.02(.040) 0.63(.025) 0.56 (.022) 0.36 (.014) 4.34 (.171) 1.68 (.066) typ 1.70 (.067) 0.56 (.022) 0.36 (.014) 7.51 (.296) 6.80 (.268) 6.93(.273) 6.68(.263) 2.92 (.115) 2.29 (.090) .94 (.037) .69 (.027) Ordering Information Part Number CS8129YDW16 CS8129YDWR16 CS8129YT5 CS8129YTHA5 CS8129YTVA5 Rev. 3/31/99 Description 16 Lead SOIC Wide 16 Lead SOIC Wide (tape & reel) 5 Lead TO-220 Straight 5 Lead TO-220 Horizontal 5 Lead TO-220 Vertical Cherry Semiconductor Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the specifications without notice. Please contact Cherry Semiconductor Corporation for the latest available information. 8 © 1999 Cherry Semiconductor Corporation