TI TPS62615YFDR

CSP-6
TPS62619, TPS62612
TPS62615, TPS62616
www.ti.com
SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
350-mA, 6-MHz HIGH-EFFICIENCY STEP-DOWN CONVERTER
IN LOW PROFILE CHIP SCALE PACKAGING (HEIGHT < 0.4mm)
Check for Samples: TPS62619 TPS62612 TPS62615 TPS62616
FEATURES
1
•
•
•
•
90% Efficiency at 6MHz Operation
31μA Quiescent Current
Wide VIN Range From 2.3V to 5.5V
6MHz Regulated Frequency Operation
Best in Class Load and Line Transient
±2% Total DC Voltage Accuracy
Automatic PFM/PWM Mode Switching
Low Ripple Light-Load PFM Mode
>50dB VIN PSRR (1kHz to 10kHz)
Internal Soft-Start, 100-μs Start-Up Time
Integrated Active Power-Down Sequencing
(Optional)
Three Surface-Mount External Components
Required (One 0603 MLCC Inductor, Two 0402
Ceramic Capacitors)
Complete Sub 0.4-mm Component Profile
Solution
Total Solution Size <10 mm2
Available in a 6-Pin NanoFree™ (CSP)
Ultra-Thin Packaging
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
Cell Phones, Smart-Phones
WLAN, GPS and Bluetooth™ Applications
DTV Tuner Applications
DC/DC Micro Modules
l
l
DESCRIPTION
The TPS6261x device is a high-frequency
synchronous step-down dc-dc converter optimized for
battery-powered portable applications. Intended for
low-power applications, the TPS6261x supports up to
350-mA load current, and allows the use of low cost
chip inductor and capacitors.
With a wide input voltage range of 2.3V to 5.5V, the
device supports applications powered by Li-Ion
batteries with extended voltage range. Different fixed
voltage output versions are available from 1.2V to
2.3V.
The TPS6261x operates at a regulated 6-MHz
switching frequency and enters the power-save mode
operation at light load currents to maintain high
efficiency over the entire load current range.
The PFM mode extends the battery life by reducing
the quiescent current to 31μA (typ) during light load
operation.
For
low-frequency
noise-sensitive
applications, the device can be forced into fixed
frequency PWM mode by pulling the MODE pin high.
These features, combined with high PSRR and AC
load regulation performance, make this device
suitable to replace a linear regulator to obtain better
power conversion efficiency.
The TPS6261x is available in an 6-pin thin chip-scale
package (CSP, 0.4mm max. height).
100
90
VIN
L
SW
VOUT
1.8 V @ 350mA
0.47 mH
Efficiency - %
TPS6261x
60
CI
EN
FB
2.2 mF
GND
Efficiency
PFM/PWM Operation
180
140
120
100
50
80
40
30
200
160
80
70
VBAT
2.9 V .. 5.5 V
VI = 3.6 V,
VO = 1.8 V
Power Loss
PFM/PWM Operation
60
CO
20
40
4.7 mF
10
20
MODE
Figure 1. Smallest Solution Size Application
0
0.1
1
10
100
IO - Load Current - mA
Power Loss - mW
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
23
0
1000
Figure 2. Efficiency vs. Load Current
1
2
3
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
NanoFree is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
Bluetooth is a trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc.
UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED this document contains
PRODUCTION DATA information current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
TPS62619, TPS62612
TPS62615, TPS62616
SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
www.ti.com
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.
ORDERING INFORMATION (1)
TA
-40°C to 85°C
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DEVICE
SPECIFIC FEATURE
PACKAGE
MARKING
CHIP CODE
PART
NUMBER
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
TPS62619 (4)
1.8V
TPS62619YFD
TPS62612 (4)
1.5V
TPS62612YFD
NA
TPS62615
1.2V
TPS62615YFD
NC
TPS62616 (4)
2.15V
TPS62616YFD
TPS62617 (4)
1.3V
TPS62617YFD
ORDERING (2)
(3)
GD
For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI
website at www.ti.com.
The YFD package is available in tape and reel. Add a R suffix (e.g. TPS62619YFDR) to order quantities of 3000 parts. Add a T suffix
(e.g. TPS62619YFDT) to order quantities of 250 parts.
Internal tap points are available to facilitate output voltages in 25mV increments.
Product preview.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1)
UNIT
Voltage at VIN, SW
(2)
–0.3 V to 7 V
Voltage at FB (2)
VI
–0.3 V to 3.6 V
Voltage at EN, MODE
IO
(2)
–0.3 V to VI + 0.3 V
Peak output current
350 mA
Power dissipation
Internally limited
TA
Operating temperature range (3)
TJ (max)
Maximum operating junction temperature
Tstg
Storage temperature range
ESD rating
(4)
–40°C to 85°C
150°C
–65°C to 150°C
Human body model
2 kV
Charge device model
1 kV
Machine model
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
200 V
Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating
conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltage values are with respect to network ground terminal.
In applications where high power dissipation and/or poor package thermal resistance is present, the maximum ambient temperature may
have to be derated. Maximum ambient temperature (TA(max)) is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature (TJ(max)), the
maximum power dissipation of the device in the application (PD(max)), and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the part/package
in the application (θJA), as given by the following equation: TA(max)= TJ(max)–(θJA X PD(max)). To achieve optimum performance, it is
recommended to operate the device with a maximum junction temperature of 105°C.
The human body model is a 100-pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5-kΩ resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200-pF
capacitor discharged directly into each pin.
DISSIPATION RATINGS (1)
PACKAGE
YFD-6
(1)
(2)
2
RθJA
(2)
125°C/W
RθJB
(2)
53°C/W
POWER RATING
TA ≤ 25°C
DERATING FACTOR
ABOVE TA = 25°C
800mW
8mW/°C
Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient
temperature is PD = [TJ(max)–TA] / θJA.
This thermal data is measured with high-K board (4 layers board according to JESD51-7 JEDEC standard).
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Product Folder Link(s): TPS62619 TPS62612 TPS62615 TPS62616
TPS62619, TPS62612
TPS62615, TPS62616
www.ti.com
SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Minimum and maximum values are at VI = 2.3V to 5.5V, VO = 1.8V, EN = 1.8V, AUTO mode and TA = –40°C to 85°C; Circuit
of Parameter Measurement Information section (unless otherwise noted). Typical values are at VI = 3.6V, VO = 1.8V, EN =
1.8V, AUTO mode and TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted).
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
SUPPLY CURRENT
VI
Input voltage range
2.3
IQ
Operating quiescent current
I(SD)
Shutdown current
UVLO
Undervoltage lockout threshold
5.5
V
55
μA
IO = 0mA. Device not switching
31
IO = 0mA, PWM mode
6.6
EN = GND
0.2
1
μA
2.05
2.1
V
mA
ENABLE, MODE
VIH
High-level input voltage
VIL
Low-level input voltage
Ilkg
Input leakage current
1.0
V
0.4
V
1
μA
Input connected to GND or VIN
0.01
VI = V(GS) = 3.6V. PWM mode
480
mΩ
VI = V(GS) = 2.5V. PWM mode
640
mΩ
VI = V(GS) = 3.6V. PWM mode
270
mΩ
VI = V(GS) = 2.5V. PWM mode
350
POWER SWITCH
rDS(on)
P-channel MOSFET
on resistance
TPS62612
TPS62615
TPS62617
TPS62619
TPS62616
Ilkg
P-channel leakage current, PMOS
V(DS) = 5.5V, -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 85°C
rDS(on)
N-channel MOSFET
on resistance
VI = V(GS) = 3.6V. PWM mode
140
VI = V(GS) = 2.5V. PWM mode
200
Ilkg
N-channel leakage current, NMOS
rDIS
Discharge resistor for power-down
sequence
TPS6261x
V(DS) = 5.5V, -40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 85°C
2.3V ≤ VI ≤ 4.8V. Open loop
P-MOS current limit
mΩ
1
850
Thermal shutdown
Thermal shutdown hysteresis
μA
mΩ
mΩ
1
μA
15
50
Ω
1100
1200
mA
140
°C
10
°C
OSCILLATOR
fSW
Oscillator frequency
TPS6261x
IO = 0mA. PWM mode
5.4
6
6.6
MHz
2.3V ≤ VI ≤ 2.5V, 0mA ≤ IO ≤ 200 mA
2.5V ≤ VI ≤ 2.9V, 0mA ≤ IO ≤ 300 mA
2.9V ≤ VI ≤ 4.8V, 0mA ≤ IO ≤ 350 mA
PFM/PWM operation
0.98×VNOM
VNOM
1.03×VNOM
V
2.9V ≤ VI ≤ 5.5V, 0mA ≤ IO ≤ 350 mA
PFM/PWM operation
0.98×VNOM
VNOM
1.04×VNOM
V
2.3V ≤ VI ≤ 2.5V, 0mA ≤ IO ≤ 200 mA
2.5V ≤ VI ≤ 2.9V, 0mA ≤ IO ≤ 300 mA
2.9V ≤ VI ≤ 4.8V, 0mA ≤ IO ≤ 350 mA
PWM operation
0.98×VNOM
VNOM
1.02×VNOM
V
OUTPUT
Regulated DC
output voltage
V(OUT)
TPS62612
TPS62615
TPS62617
TPS62619
Line regulation
VI = VO + 0.5V (min 2.3V) to 5.5V, IO = 200 mA
Load regulation
IO = 0mA to 350 mA
0.13
–0.0002
Feedback input resistance
%/V
%/mA
480
kΩ
TPS62619
IO = 1mA
18
mVPP
ΔVO
Power-save mode
ripple voltage
TPS62615
IO = 1mA
22
mVPP
PSRR
Power Supply
Rejection Ratio
TPS62619
f = 10kHz, IO = 150mA. PWM mode
50
dB
Start-up time
TPS62619
IO = 0mA, Time from active EN to VO
96
μs
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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3
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TPS62615, TPS62616
SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
www.ti.com
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
TPS6261x
CSP-6
(TOP VIEW)
TPS6261x
CSP-6
(BOTTOM VIEW)
MODE
A1
A2
VIN
VIN
A2
SW
B1
B2
EN
EN
C2
GND
GND
FB
C1
A1
MODE
B2
B1
SW
C2
C1
FB
TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
TERMINAL
I/O
DESCRIPTION
NAME
NO.
FB
C1
I
Output feedback sense input. Connect FB to the converter’s output.
VIN
A2
I
Power supply input.
SW
B1
I/O
EN
B2
I
This is the switch pin of the converter and is connected to the drain of the internal Power
MOSFETs.
This is the enable pin of the device. Connecting this pin to ground forces the device into
shutdown mode. Pulling this pin to VI enables the device. This pin must not be left floating and
must be terminated.
This is the mode selection pin of the device. This pin must not be left floating and must be
terminated.
MODE
A1
I
GND
C2
–
MODE = LOW: The device is operating in regulated frequency pulse width modulation mode
(PWM) at high-load currents and in pulse frequency modulation mode (PFM) at light load
currents.
MODE = HIGH: Low-noise mode enabled, regulated frequency PWM operation forced.
Ground pin.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
MODE
VIN
Undervoltage
Lockout
Bias Supply
Bandgap
EN
Soft-Start
V REF = 0.8 V
Negative Inductor
Current Detect
Power Save Mode
Switching Logic
Thermal
Shutdown
VIN
Current Limit
Detect
Frequency
Control
R1
FB
Gate Driver
R2
SW
Anti
Shoot-Through
VREF
+
GND
4
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Product Folder Link(s): TPS62619 TPS62612 TPS62615 TPS62616
TPS62619, TPS62612
TPS62615, TPS62616
www.ti.com
SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
TPS6261x
VI
CI
L
VIN
SW
EN
FB
VO
CO
GND
MODE
List of components:
• L = MURATA LQM21PN1R0MC0
• CI = MURATA GRM155R60J475M (4.7μF, 6.3V, 0402, X5R)
• CO = MURATA GRM155R60J475M (4.7μF, 6.3V, 0402, X5R)
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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5
TPS62619, TPS62612
TPS62615, TPS62616
SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
www.ti.com
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table of Graphs
FIGURE
η
Efficiency
Peak-to-peak output ripple voltage
vs Load current
3, 4, 5
vs Input voltage
6
vs Load current
7, 8
Combined line/load transient
response
9, 10
11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17
Load transient response
AC load transient response
VO
IQ
fs
rDS(on)
18
DC output voltage
vs Load current
19, 20
PFM/PWM boundaries
vs Input voltage
21
Quiescent current
vs Input voltage
22
PWM switching frequency
vs Input voltage
23
PFM switching frequency
vs Load current
24
P-channel MOSFET rDS(on)
vs Input voltage
25
N-channel MOSFET rDS(on)
vs Input voltage
26
PWM operation
27
Power-save mode operation
28
Mode change response
29, 30
Start-up
PSRR
31
Power supply rejection ratio
vs. Frequency
32
Spurious output noise (PFM mode)
vs. Frequency
33
Spurious output noise (PWM mode)
vs. Frequency
34
EFFICIENCY
vs
LOAD CURRENT
100
EFFICIENCY
vs
LOAD CURRENT
100
VI = 2.7 V
PFM/PWM Operation
VO = 1.8 V
90
VO = 1.2 V
80
80
50
VI = 4.2 V
PFM/PWM Operation
40
VI = 3.6 V
Forced PWM Operation
60
VI = 3.6 V
PFM/PWM Operation
50
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0.1
1
10
100
IO - Load Current - mA
Figure 3.
6
Efficiency - %
60
70
VI = 3.6 V
PFM/PWM Operation
VI = 4.2 V
PFM/PWM Operation
VI = 3.6 V
Forced PWM Operation
0
Efficiency - %
70
VI = 2.7 V
PFM/PWM Operation
90
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1000
0.1
1
10
100
IO - Load Current - mA
1000
Figure 4.
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): TPS62619 TPS62612 TPS62615 TPS62616
TPS62619, TPS62612
TPS62615, TPS62616
www.ti.com
SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
EFFICIENCY
vs
LOAD CURRENT
91
90
100
96
L = muRata LQM21PN1R0MC0
88
94
92
86
90
Efficiency - %
87
85
84
83
82
81
86
IO = 10 mA
84
82
78
79
IO = 1 mA
76
VI = 3.6 V
VO = 1.8 V
PFM/PWM Operation
78
77
76
100
10
IO - Load Current - mA
1
74
72
70
2.3
1000
2.7
3.1
3.5
3.9
4.3
4.7
VI - Input Voltage - V
5.1
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
PEAK-TO-PEAK OUTPUT RIPPLE VOLTAGE
vs
LOAD CURRENT
PEAK-TO-PEAK OUTPUT RIPPLE VOLTAGE
vs
LOAD CURRENT
26
5.5
20
VO = 1.8 V
24
VO - Peak-to-Peak Output ripple Voltage - mV
VO - Peak-to-Peak Output Ripple Voltage - mV
IO = 100 mA
88
80
L = muRata LQM18PN1R5-B35
80
22
VI = 4.2 V
20
18
VI = 3.6 V
16
VI = 2.9 V
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
VO = 1.8 V
PFM/PWM Operation
98
L = muRata LQM21PN1R0NGR
89
Efficiency - %
EFFICIENCY
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
16
50
100
150
200
250
IO - Load Current - mA
Figure 7.
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
300
350
VI = 4.8 V
14
VI = 3.6 V
12
10
VI = 2.5 V
8
6
4
2
0
0
VO = 1.8 V
L = muRata LQM21PN1R5MC0
18
0
50
100
150
200
250
IO - Load Current - mA
300
350
Figure 8.
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TPS62619, TPS62612
TPS62615, TPS62616
SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
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3.3 to 3.9 V Line Step
VI = 3.6 V,
VO = 1.8 V
MODE = Low
2.7 to 3.3 V Line Step
VI = 3.6 V,
VO = 1.8 V
MODE = Low
t - Time - 10 ms/div
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE IN
PFM/PWM OPERATION
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE IN
PFM/PWM OPERATION
VO - 20 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
Figure 10.
IO - 100 mA/div
Figure 9.
0 to 50 mA Load Step
VI = 3.6 V,
VO = 1.8 V
MODE = Low
IO - 100 mA/div
30 to 150 mA Load Step
30 to 150 mA Load Step
IL - 200 mA/div
VO - 10 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
IO - 50 mA/div
t - Time - 10 µs/div
VI - 500 mV/div - 2.7 V Offset VO - 20 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
30 to 150 mA Load Step
COMBINED LINE/LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
IO - 100 mA/div
VI - 500 mV/div - 3.3 V Offset V - 20 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
O
COMBINED LINE/LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
VI = 3.6 V,
VO = 1.8 V
MODE = Low
t - Time - 5 µs/div
t - Time - 2 ms/div
Figure 11.
8
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Figure 12.
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): TPS62619 TPS62612 TPS62615 TPS62616
TPS62619, TPS62612
TPS62615, TPS62616
www.ti.com
SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
MODE = Low
VO - 20 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
IO - 100 mA/div
IL - 200 mA/div
VO - 20 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
30 to 150 mA Load Step
VI = 2.7 V,
VO = 1.8 V
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE IN
PFM/PWM OPERATION
30 to 150 mA Load Step
VI = 4.8 V,
VO = 1.8 V
MODE = Low
Figure 14.
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE IN
PFM/PWM OPERATION
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE IN
PFM/PWM OPERATION
50 to 350 mA Load Step
VI = 3.6 V,
VO = 1.8 V
MODE = Low
t - Time - 5 µs/div
Figure 15.
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
VO - 20 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
Figure 13.
IO - 200 mA/div
t - Time - 5 µs/div
VO - 20 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
t - Time - 5 µs/div
IL - 200 mA/div
IL - 200 mA/div
IO - 200 mA/div
IL - 200 mA/div
IO - 100 mA/div
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE IN
PFM/PWM OPERATION
50 to 350 mA Load Step
VI = 2.9 V,
VO = 1.8 V
MODE = Low
t - Time - 5 µs/div
Figure 16.
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TPS62615, TPS62616
SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
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VI = 4.8 V,
VO = 1.8 V
MODE = Low
5 to 300 mA Load Sweep
MODE = Low
t - Time - 10 µs/div
t - Time - 5 µs/div
1.836
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
DC OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
LOAD CURRENT
DC OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
LOAD CURRENT
1.224
VO = 1.8 V
VO = 1.2 V
PFM/PWM Operation
VI = 3.6 V
PFM/PWM Operation
1.8
VI = 3.6 V, PWM Operation
VI = 2.5 V
1.782
1.764
0.1
1
10
100
IO - Load Current - mA
Figure 19.
10
VO - DC Output Voltage - V
VO - DC Output Voltage - V
VI = 4.8 V
1.818
VO - 20 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
VI = 3.6 V,
VO = 1.8 V
IL - 200 mA/div IO - 200 mA/div
50 to 350 mA Load Step
IL - 200 mA/div
AC LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
VO - 20 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
IO - 200 mA/div
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
IN PFM/PWM OPERATION
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1000
VI = 3.6 V
1.212
1.2
VI = 4.8 V
VI = 2.5 V
VI = 3.6 V, PWM Operation
1.188
1.176
0.1
1
10
100
IO - Load Current - mA
1000
Figure 20.
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): TPS62619 TPS62612 TPS62615 TPS62616
TPS62619, TPS62612
TPS62615, TPS62616
www.ti.com
SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
QUIESCENT CURRENT
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
PFM/PWM BOUNDARIES
200
50
VO = 1.8 V
TA = 85°C
45
160
40
140
PFM to PWM
Mode Change
120
100
The Switching Mode
Changes at
These Borders
80
60
IQ - Quiescent Current - mA
IO - Load Current - mA
180
Always PWM
40
TA = 25°C
35
30
25
TA = -40°C
20
15
10
PWM to PFM
Mode Change
20
Always PFM
5
0
2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.8
VI - Input Voltage - V
0
2.5
2.8 3.1
3.4 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.6
VI - Input Voltage - V
Figure 21.
Figure 22.
PWM SWITCHING FREQUENCY
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
PFM SWITCHING FREQUENCY
vs
LOAD CURRENT
6.5
6.5
IO = 10 mA
5.2
5.5
VO = 1.8 V
PFM/PWM Operation
6
6
4.9
5
4.5
IO = 300 mA
IO = 200 mA
fs - Switching Frequency - MHz
fs - Switching Frequency - MHz
5.5
5.5
IO = 150 mA
IO = 100 mA
IO = 50 mA
4
3.5
3
2.5
5
VI = 2.5 V
4.5
4
VI = 3.6 V
3.5
VI = 4.8 V
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
VO = 1.8V
2
1.5
0.5
0
2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5
VI - Input Voltage - V
Figure 23.
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
0
20
40
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
IO - Load Current - mA
Figure 24.
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750
700
TPS62619
PWM Mode Operation
TA = 85°C
650
TA = 25°C
600
550
TA = -40°C
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
300
TPS62619
PWM Mode Operation
275
250
225
TA = 85°C
200
TA = 25°C
175
TA = -40°C
150
125
100
75
50
2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5
2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5
Figure 26.
PWM OPERATION
POWER-SAVE MODE OPERATION
SW Node - 2 V/div
VI = 3.6 V, VO = 1.8 V, IO = 150 mA
MODE = High
Figure 27.
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VO - 10 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
Figure 25.
t - Time - 50 ns/div
12
VI - Input Voltage - V
IL - 200 mA/div
IL - 200 mA/div
VO - 10 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
VI - Input Voltage - V
VI = 3.6 V, VO = 1.8 V,
IO = 40 mA
SW Node - 2 V/div
900
850
800
N-CHANNEL rDS(ON)
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
rDS(on) - Static Drain-Source On-Resistance - mW
rDS(on) - Static Drain-Source On-Resistance - mW
P-CHANNEL rDS(ON)
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
MODE = Low
t - Time - 250 ns/div
Figure 28.
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SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
VO - 10 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
MODE - 2 V/div
IL - 200 mA/div
t - Time - 1 µs/div
Figure 29.
Figure 30.
START-UP
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO
vs
FREQUENCY
60
PSRR - Power Supply Rejection Ratio - dB
IL - 200 mA/div
VI = 3.6 V, VO = 1.8 V,
IO = 40 mA
t - Time - 1 µs/div
VI = 3.6 V,
VO = 1.8 V,
IO = 0 mA
VO - 1 V/div
EN - 2 V/div
IL - 200 mA/div
VI = 3.6 V,
VO = 1.8 V,
IO = 40 mA
MODE CHANGE RESPONSE
VO - 10 mV/div - 1.8 V Offset
MODE - 2 V/div
MODE CHANGE RESPONSE
MODE = Low
t - Time - 20 µs/div
Figure 31.
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
VI = 3.6 V,
VO = 1.8 V
55
50
45
IO = 150 mA
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0.1
PFM/PWM Operation
1
10
100
f - Frequency - kHz
1000
10000
Figure 32.
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SPURIOUS OUTPUT NOISE (PFM MODE)
vs
FREQUENCY
SPURIOUS OUTPUT NOISE (PWM MODE)
vs
FREQUENCY
1m
VO = 1.8 V
RL = 100 Ω
VI = 3.6 V
800 m
VI = 4.2 V
700 m
600 m
500 m
400 m
300 m
200 m
100 m
10 n
0
Span = 1 MHz
f - Frequency - MHz
Figure 33.
14
Spurious Output Noise (PWM Mode) - V
Spurious Output Noise (PFM Mode) - V
900 m
500 m
VI = 2.7 V
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10
450 m
VO = 1.8 V
RL = 12 Ω
400 m
350 m
300 m
250 m
VI = 2.7 V
VI = 3.6 V
200 m
150 m
VI = 4.2 V
100 m
50 m
5n
0
Span = 4 MHz
f - Frequency - MHz
40
Figure 34.
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TPS62615, TPS62616
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION
OPERATION
The TPS6261x is a synchronous step-down converter typically operates at a regulated 6-MHz frequency pulse
width modulation (PWM) at moderate to heavy load currents. At light load currents, the TPS6261x converter
operates in power-save mode with pulse frequency modulation (PFM).
The converter uses a unique frequency locked ring oscillating modulator to achieve best-in-class load and line
response and allows the use of tiny inductors and small ceramic input and output capacitors. At the beginning of
each switching cycle, the P-channel MOSFET switch is turned on and the inductor current ramps up rising the
output voltage until the main comparator trips, then the control logic turns off the switch.
One key advantage of the non-linear architecture is that there is no traditional feed-back loop. The loop response
to change in VO is essentially instantaneous, which explains the transient response. The absence of a traditional,
high-gain compensated linear loop means that the TPS6261x is inherently stable over a range of L and CO.
Although this type of operation normally results in a switching frequency that varies with input voltage and load
current, an internal frequency lock loop (FLL) holds the switching frequency constant over a large range of
operating conditions.
Combined with best in class load and line transient response characteristics, the low quiescent current of the
device (ca. 31μA) allows to maintain high efficiency at light load, while preserving fast transient response for
applications requiring tight output regulation.
Using the YFD package allows for a low profile solution size (0.4mm max height, including external components).
The recommended external components are stated within the application information. The maximum output
current is 350mA when these specific low profile external components are used.
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
The magnitude of the internal ramp, which is generated from the duty cycle, reduces for duty cycles either set of
50%. Thus, there is less overdrive on the main comparator inputs which tends to slow the conversion down. The
intrinsic maximum operating frequency of the converter is about 10MHz to 12MHz, which is controlled to circa.
6MHz by a frequency locked loop.
When high or low duty cycles are encountered, the loop runs out of range and the conversion frequency falls
below 6MHz. The tendency is for the converter to operate more towards a "constant inductor peak current" rather
than a "constant frequency". In addition to this behavior which is observed at high duty cycles, it is also noted at
low duty cycles.
When the converter is required to operate towards the 6MHz nominal at extreme duty cycles, the application can
be assisted by decreasing the ratio of inductance (L) to the output capacitor's equivalent serial inductance (ESL).
This increases the ESL step seen at the main comparator's feed-back input thus decreasing its propagation
delay, hence increasing the switching frequency.
POWER-SAVE MODE
If the load current decreases, the converter will enter Power Save Mode operation automatically. During
power-save mode the converter operates in discontinuous current (DCM) single-pulse PFM mode, which
produces low output ripple compared with other PFM architectures.
When in power-save mode, the converter resumes its operation when the output voltage trips below the nominal
voltage. It ramps up the output voltage with a minimum of one pulse and goes into power-save mode when the
inductor current has returned to a zero steady state. The PFM on-time varies inversely proportional to the input
voltage and proportional to the output voltage giving the regulated switching frequency when in steady-state.
PFM mode is left and PWM operation is entered as the output current can no longer be supported in PFM mode.
As a consequence, the DC output voltage is typically positioned ca. 0.5% above the nominal output voltage and
the transition between PFM and PWM is seamless.
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PFM Mode at Light Load
PFM Ripple
Nominal DC Output Voltage
PWM Mode at Heavy Load
Figure 35. Operation in PFM Mode and Transfer to PWM Mode
MODE SELECTION
The MODE pin allows to select the operating mode of the device. Connecting this pin to GND enables the
automatic PWM and power-save mode operation. The converter operates in regulated frequency PWM mode at
moderate to heavy loads and in the PFM mode during light loads, which maintains high efficiency over a wide
load current range.
Pulling the MODE pin high forces the converter to operate in the PWM mode even at light load currents. The
advantage is that the converter operates with a fixed frequency that allows simple filtering of the switching
frequency for low frequency noise-sensitive applications. In this mode, the efficiency is lower compared to the
power-save mode during light loads.
For additional flexibility, it is possible to switch from power-save mode to forced PWM mode during operation.
This allows efficient power management by adjusting the operation of the converter to the specific system
requirements.
ENABLE
The device starts operation when EN is set high and starts up with the soft start as previously described. For
proper operation, the EN pin must be terminated and must not be left floating.
Pulling the EN pin low forces the device into shutdown, with a shutdown quiescent current of typically 0.1μA. In
this mode, the P and N-channel MOSFETs are turned off, the internal resistor feedback divider is disconnected,
and the entire internal-control circuitry is switched off.
SOFT START
The TPS6261x has an internal soft-start circuit that limits the inrush current during start-up. This limits input
voltage drops when a battery or a high-impedance power source is connected to the input of the converter.
The soft-start system progressively increases the on-time from a minimum pulse-width of 35ns as a function of
the output voltage. This mode of operation continues for c.a. 100μs after enable. Should the output voltage not
have reached its target value by this time, such as in the case of heavy load, the soft-start transitions to a second
mode of operation.
The converter then operates in a current limit mode, specifically the P-MOS current limit is set to half the nominal
limit, and the N-channel MOSFET remains on until the inductor current has reset. After a further 100 μs, the
device ramps up to the full current limit operation if the output voltage has risen above 0.5V (approximately).
Therefore, the start-up time mainly depends on the output capacitor and load current.
16
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OUTPUT CAPACITOR DISCHARGE
The TPS6261x device can actively discharge the output capacitor when it turns off. The integrated discharge
resistor has a typical resistance of 15 Ω. The required time to discharge the output capacitor at the output node
depends on load current and the output capacitance value.
UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT
The undervoltage lockout circuit prevents the device from misoperation at low input voltages. It prevents the
converter from turning on the switch or rectifier MOSFET under undefined conditions. The TPS6261x device
have a UVLO threshold set to 2.05V (typical). Fully functional operation is permitted down to 2.1V input voltage.
SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION
The TPS6261x integrates a P-channel MOSFET current limit to protect the device against heavy load or short
circuits. When the current in the P-channel MOSFET reaches its current limit, the P-channel MOSFET is turned
off and the N-channel MOSFET is turned on. The regulator continues to limit the current on a cycle-by-cycle
basis.
As soon as the output voltage falls below ca. 0.4V, the converter current limit is reduced to half of the nominal
value. Because the short-circuit protection is enabled during start-up, the device does not deliver more than half
of its nominal current limit until the output voltage exceeds approximately 0.5V. This needs to be considered
when a load acting as a current sink is connected to the output of the converter.
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
As soon as the junction temperature, TJ, exceeds typically 140°C, the device goes into thermal shutdown. In this
mode, the P- and N-channel MOSFETs are turned off. The device continues its operation when the junction
temperature again falls below typically 130°C.
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
INDUCTOR SELECTION
The TPS6261x series of step-down converters have been optimized to operate with an effective inductance
value in the range of 0.3μH to 1.8μH and with output capacitors in the range of 4.7μF to 10μF. The internal
compensation is optimized to operate with an output filter of L = 0.47μH and CO = 4.7μF. Larger or smaller
inductor values can be used to optimize the performance of the device for specific operation conditions. For more
details, see the CHECKING LOOP STABILITY section.
The inductor value affects its peak-to-peak ripple current, the PWM-to-PFM transition point, the output voltage
ripple and the efficiency. The selected inductor has to be rated for its dc resistance and saturation current. The
inductor ripple current (ΔIL) decreases with higher inductance and increases with higher VI or VO.
V
V *V
DI
I
O
DI + O
DI
+I
) L
L
L(MAX)
O(MAX)
2
V
L ƒ sw
I
(1)
with: fSW = switching frequency (6 MHz typical)
L = inductor value
ΔIL = peak-to-peak inductor ripple current
IL(MAX) = maximum inductor current
In high-frequency converter applications, the efficiency is essentially affected by the inductor AC resistance (i.e.
quality factor) and to a smaller extent by the inductor DCR value. To achieve high efficiency operation, care
should be taken in selecting inductors featuring a quality factor above 25 at the switching frequency. Increasing
the inductor value produces lower RMS currents, but degrades transient response. For a given physical inductor
size, increased inductance usually results in an inductor with lower saturation current.
The total losses of the coil consist of both the losses in the DC resistance (DC)) and the following
frequency-dependent components:
• The losses in the core material (magnetic hysteresis loss, especially at high switching frequencies)
• Additional losses in the conductor from the skin effect (current displacement at high frequencies)
• Magnetic field losses of the neighboring windings (proximity effect)
• Radiation losses
The following inductor series from different suppliers have been used with the TPS6261x converters.
Table 1. List of Inductors
MANUFACTURER
MURATA
SERIES
DIMENSIONS (in mm)
LQM21PNR47MC0
2.0 x 1.2 x 0.55 max. height
LQM21PN1R0MC0
2.0 x 1.2 x 0.55 max. height
LQM21PN1R5MC0
2.0 x 1.2 x 0.55 max. height
LQM21P-SAMPLE02
2.0 x 1.2 x 0.4 max. height
1.6 x 0.8 x 0.55 max. height
LQM18PN1R5-B35SAMPLE01
1.6 x 0.8 x 0.4 max. height
1.6 x 0.8 x 0.33 max. height
TAIYO YUDEN
TDK
18
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BRC1608T1R0
1.6 x 0.8 x 0.9 max. height
BRC1608T1R5
1.6 x 0.8 x 0.9 max. height
MLP2012SR82T
2.0 x 1.2 x 0.55 max. height
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SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
OUTPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION
The advanced fast-response voltage mode control scheme of the TPS6261x allows the use of tiny ceramic
capacitors. Ceramic capacitors with low ESR values have the lowest output voltage ripple and are
recommended. For best performance, the device should be operated with a minimum effective output
capacitance of 1.6μF. The output capacitor requires either an X7R or X5R dielectric. Y5V and Z5U dielectric
capacitors, aside from their wide variation in capacitance over temperature, become resistive at high frequencies.
At nominal load current, the device operates in PWM mode and the overall output voltage ripple is the sum of the
voltage step caused by the output capacitor ESL and the ripple current flowing through the output capacitor
impedance.
At light loads, the output capacitor limits the output ripple voltage and provides holdup during large load
transitions. A 4.7μF capacitor typically provides sufficient bulk capacitance to stabilize the output during large
load transitions. The typical output voltage ripple is 1% of the nominal output voltage VO.
The output voltage ripple during PFM mode operation can be kept very small. The PFM pulse is time controlled,
which allows to modify the charge transferred to the output capacitor by the value of the inductor. The resulting
PFM output voltage ripple and PFM frequency depend in first order on the size of the output capacitor and the
inductor value. The PFM frequency decreases with smaller inductor values and increases with larger once.
Increasing the output capacitor value and the effective inductance will minimize the output ripple voltage.
INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION
Because of the nature of the buck converter having a pulsating input current, a low ESR input capacitor is
required to prevent large voltage transients that can cause misbehavior of the device or interferences with other
circuits in the system. For most applications, a 2.2-μF capacitor is sufficient. If the application exhibits a noisy or
erratic switching frequency, the remedy will probably be found by experimenting with the value of the input
capacitor.
Take care when using only ceramic input capacitors. When a ceramic capacitor is used at the input and the
power is being supplied through long wires, such as from a wall adapter, a load step at the output can induce
ringing at the VIN pin. This ringing can couple to the output and be mistaken as loop instability or could even
damage the part. Additional "bulk" capacitance (electrolytic or tantalum) should in this circumstance be placed
between CI and the power source lead to reduce ringing than can occur between the inductance of the power
source leads and CI.
CHECKING LOOP STABILITY
The first step of circuit and stability evaluation is to look from a steady-state perspective at the following signals:
• Switching node, SW
• Inductor current, IL
• Output ripple voltage, VO(AC)
These are the basic signals that need to be measured when evaluating a switching converter. When the
switching waveform shows large duty cycle jitter or the output voltage or inductor current shows oscillations, the
regulation loop may be unstable. This is often a result of board layout and/or L-C combination.
As a next step in the evaluation of the regulation loop, the load transient response is tested. The time between
the application of the load transient and the turn on of the P-channel MOSFET, the output capacitor must supply
all of the current required by the load. VO immediately shifts by an amount equal to ΔI(LOAD) x ESR, where ESR
is the effective series resistance of CO. ΔI(LOAD) begins to charge or discharge CO generating a feedback error
signal used by the regulator to return VO to its steady-state value. The results are most easily interpreted when
the device operates in PWM mode.
During this recovery time, VO can be monitored for settling time, overshoot or ringing that helps judge the
converter’s stability. Without any ringing, the loop has usually more than 45° of phase margin.
Because the damping factor of the circuitry is directly related to several resistive parameters (e.g., MOSFET
rDS(on)) that are temperature dependant, the loop stability analysis has to be done over the input voltage range,
load current range, and temperature range.
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LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
As for all switching power supplies, the layout is an important step in the design. High-speed operation of the
TPS6261x devices demand careful attention to PCB layout. Care must be taken in board layout to get the
specified performance. If the layout is not carefully done, the regulator could show poor line and/or load
regulation, stability and switching frequency issues as well as EMI problems. It is critical to provide a low
inductance, impedance ground path. Therefore, use wide and short traces for the main current paths.
The input capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the IC pins as well as the inductor and output
capacitor. In order to get an optimum ESL step, the output voltage feedback point (FB) should be taken in the
output capacitor path, approximately 1mm away for it. The feed-back line should be routed away from noisy
components and traces (e.g. SW line).
MODE
CI
L
VIN
ENABLE
CO
GND
VOUT
Figure 36. Suggested Layout (Top)
20
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SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
APPLICATION CIRCUITS
The following are example circuits.
100Ω
1 mF
VIN
2.9 V .. 5.5 V
TPS62616
L
VIN
SW
EN
FB
VOUT(DC/DC) = 2.3 V
TPS72018
IN
1 mH
VOUT(LDO) = 1.8 V @ 350 mA
BIAS
OUT
CI
2.2 mF
CO
EN
4.7 mF
CO
GND
4.7 mF
MODE
GND
L = muRata LQM21PN1R0MC0
CI = muRata GRM155R60J225ME15
CO = muRata GRM155R60J475M
Figure 37. 1.8V Power Rail Featuring Very Low Noise Performance
EFFICIENCY
vs
LOAD CURRENT
SPURIOUS OUTPUT NOISE (PFM MODE)
vs.
FREQUENCY
90
13 m
VOUT(DC/DC) = 2.3 V,
85 V
OUT(LDO) = 1.8 V
Spurious Output Noise (PFM Mode) - V
80
VI = 3.6 V
75
VI = 3.3 V
Efficiency - %
70
65
60
VI = 4.2 V
55
50
45
40
35
11 m
VIN = 3.6 V
VOUT(LDO) = 1.8 V
10 m
RL = 100 Ω
12 m
L = muRata LQM21PN1R0MC0
9m
8m
7m
6m
5m
4m
3m
2m
1m
30
1
10
100
IO - Load Current - mA
Figure 38.
Copyright © 2009, Texas Instruments Incorporated
1000
0
Span = 1 MHz
f - Frequency - MHz
10
Figure 39.
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SPURIOUS OUTPUT NOISE (PWM MODE)
vs.
FREQUENCY
60 m
VIN = 3.6 V
VOUT(LDO) = 1.8 V
Spurious Output Noise (PWM Mode) - V
55 m
50 m
RL = 12 Ω
45 m
40 m
35 m
30 m
25 m
20 m
15 m
10 m
5m
0
Span = 4 MHz
f - Frequency - Mhz
40
Figure 40.
22
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SLVS936 – NOVEMBER 2009
THERMAL INFORMATION
Implementation of integrated circuits in low-profile and fine-pitch surface-mount packages typically requires
special attention to power dissipation. Many system-dependant issues such as thermal coupling, airflow, added
heat sinks, and convection surfaces, and the presence of other heat-generating components, affect the
power-dissipation limits of a given component.
Three basic approaches for enhancing thermal performance are listed below:
• Improving the power dissipation capability of the PCB design
• Improving the thermal coupling of the component to the PCB
• Introducing airflow into the system
The maximum recommended junction temperature (TJ) of the TPS6261x devices is 105°C. The thermal
resistance of the 6-pin CSP package (YFD-6) is RθJA = 125°C/W. Regulator operation is specified to a maximum
steady-state ambient temperature TA of 85°C. Therefore, the maximum power dissipation is about 160 mW.
PD(MAX) =
TJ(MAX) - TA
105°C - 85°C
=
= 160mW
RqJA
125°C/W
(2)
PACKAGE SUMMARY
CHIP SCALE PACKAGE
(BOTTOM VIEW)
D
A2
A1
B2
B1
CHIP SCALE PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
YMSCC
LLLL
A1
C1
C2
Code:
E
•
YM — Year Month date Code
•
S — Assembly site code
•
CC— Chip code
•
LLLL — Lot trace code
CHIP SCALE PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
The TPS6261x device is available in an 6-bump chip scale package (YFD, NanoFree™). The package
dimensions are given as:
• D = 1.30 ±0.03 mm
• E = 0.926 ±0.03 mm
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
25-Nov-2009
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status (1)
Package
Type
Package
Drawing
Pins Package Eco Plan (2)
Qty
TPS62615YFDR
PREVIEW
DSBGA
YFD
6
3000
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
TPS62615YFDT
PREVIEW
DSBGA
YFD
6
250
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp (3)
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in
a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check
http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered
at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and
package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS
compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame
retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder
temperature.
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Addendum-Page 1
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