ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER GENERAL DESCRIPTION FEATURES The ICS8430I-61 is a general purpose, dual output Crystal-to-3.3V Differential LVPECL High FreHiPerClockS™ quency Synthesizer and a member of the HiPerClockS™ family of High Performance Clock Solutions from ICS. The ICS8430I-61 has a selectable TEST_CLK or crystal inputs. The VCO operates at a frequency range of 250MHz to 500MHz. The VCO frequency is programmed in steps equal to the value of the input reference or crystal frequency. The VCO and output frequency can be programmed using the serial or parallel interfaces to the configuration logic. Frequency steps as small as 1MHz can be achieved using a 16MHz crystal or TEST_CLK. • Dual differential 3.3V LVPECL outputs ICS • Selectable crystal oscillator interface or LVCMOS/LVTTL TEST_CLK • Output frequency range: 20.83MHz to 500MHz • Crystal input frequency range: 14MHz to 27MHz • VCO range: 250MHz to 500MHz • Parallel or serial interface for programming counter and output dividers • RMS period jitter: 6ps (maximum) • Cycle-to-cycle jitter: 30ps (maximum) • Supply voltage modes: 3.3/3.3/3.3 3.3/3.3/2.5 • -40°C to 85°C ambient operating temperature BLOCK DIAGRAM PIN ASSIGNMENT XTAL_OUT nP_LOAD M0 M1 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 OSC 1 XTAL_OUT ÷ 16 PLL PHASE DETECTOR VCO MR ÷M 0 1 ÷1 ÷1.5 ÷2 ÷3 ÷4 ÷6 ÷8 ÷12 1 24 XTAL_IN M6 2 23 TEST_CLK M7 3 22 XTAL_SEL M8 4 21 VCCA N0 5 20 S_LOAD N1 6 19 S_DATA N2 7 18 S_CLOCK VEE 8 17 MR ICS8430I-61 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 VEE nFOUT0 FOUT0 VCCO nFOUT1 FOUT1 TEST VCC CONFIGURATION INTERFACE LOGIC M5 TEST FOUT0 nFOUT0 FOUT1 nFOUT1 32-Lead LQFP 7mm x 7mm x 1.4mm package body Y Package Top View M0:M8 N0:N2 8430AYI-61 M2 0 XTAL_IN S_LOAD S_DATA S_CLOCK nP_LOAD M3 M4 XTAL_SEL TEST_CLK VCO_SEL VCO_SEL www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 1 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION NOTE: The functional description that follows describes operation using a 16MHz crystal. Valid PLL loop divider values for different crystal or input frequencies are defined in the Input Frequency Characteristics, Table 5, NOTE 1. specific default state that will automatically occur during power-up. The TEST output is LOW when operating in the parallel input mode. The relationship between the VCO frequency, the crystal frequency and the M divider is defined as follows: fVCO = fxtal x M 16 The M value and the required values of M0 through M8 are shown in Table 3B, Programmable VCO Frequency Function Table. Valid M values for which the PLL will achieve lock for a 16MHz reference are defined as 250 ≤ M ≤ 500. The frequency out is defined as follows: fout = fVCO = fxtal x M N N 16 Serial operation occurs when nP_LOAD is HIGH and S_LOAD is LOW. The shift register is loaded by sampling the S_DATA bits with the rising edge of S_CLOCK. The contents of the shift register are loaded into the M divider and N output divider when S_LOAD transitions from LOW-to-HIGH. The M divide and N output divide values are latched on the HIGH-toLOW transition of S_LOAD. If S_LOAD is held HIGH, data at the S_DATA input is passed directly to the M divider and N output divider on each rising edge of S_CLOCK. The serial mode can be used to program the M and N bits and test bits T1 and T0. The internal registers T0 and T1 determine the state of the TEST output as follows: The ICS8430I-61 features a fully integrated PLL and therefore requires no external components for setting the loop bandwidth. A parallel-resonant, fundamental crystal is used as the input to the on-chip oscillator. The output of the oscillator is divided by 16 prior to the phase detector. With a 16MHz crystal, this provides a 1MHz reference frequency. The VCO of the PLL operates over a range of 250MHz to 500MHz. The output of the M divider is also applied to the phase detector. The phase detector and the M divider force the VCO output frequency to be M times the reference frequency by adjusting the VCO control voltage. Note that for some values of M (either too high or too low), the PLL will not achieve lock. The output of the VCO is scaled by a divider prior to being sent to each of the LVPECL output buffers. The divider provides a 50% output duty cycle. The programmable features of the ICS8430I-61 support two input modes and to program the M divider and N output divider. The two input operational modes are parallel and serial. Figure 1 shows the timing diagram for each mode. In parallel mode, the nP_LOAD input is initially LOW. The data on inputs M0 through M8 and N0 through N2 is passed directly to the M divider and N output divider. On the LOW-to-HIGH transition of the nP_LOAD input, the data is latched and the M divider remains loaded until the next LOW transition on nP_LOAD or until a serial event occurs. As a result, the M and N bits can be hard-wired to set the M divider and N output divider to a T1 T0 TEST Output 0 0 LOW 0 1 S_Data, Shift Register Input 1 0 Output of M divider 1 1 CMOS Fout SERIAL LOADING S_CLOCK S_DATA T1 t S S_LOAD t T0 N2 N1 N0 M8 M7 M6 M5 M4 M3 M2 M1 M0 H nP_LOAD t S PARALLEL LOADING M0:M8, N0:N2 M, N nP_LOAD t S t H Time FIGURE 1. PARALLEL & SERIAL LOAD OPERATIONS 8430AYI-61 www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 2 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER TABLE 1. PIN DESCRIPTIONS Number 28, 29, 30 31, 32, 1, 2 Name M0, M1, M2 M3, M4, M5, M6 Type 3, 4 M7, M8 5, 7 N0, N2 Input 6 N1 Input 8, 16 V EE Power 9 TEST Output 10 VCC Power Negative supply pins. Test output which is ACTIVE in the serial mode of operation. Output driven LOW in parallel mode. LVCMOS interface levels. Core supply pin. 11, 12 FOUT1, nFOUT1 Output Differential output for the synthesizer. 3.3V LVPECL interface levels. 13 VCCO Power Output supply pin. 14, 15 FOUT0, nFOUT0 Output Differential output for the synthesizer. 3.3V LVPECL interface levels. Input Input Description Pulldown M divider inputs. Data latched on LOW-to-HIGH transition of nP_LOAD input. LVCMOS / LVTTL interface levels. Pullup Pulldown Determines output divider value as defined in Table 3C, Function Table. LVCMOS / LVTTL interface levels. Pullup 17 MR Input Pulldown 18 S_CLOCK Input Pulldown 19 S_DATA Input Pulldown 20 S_LOAD Input Pulldown 21 VCCA Power 22 XTAL_SEL Input Pullup 23 24, 25 TEST_CLK XTAL_IN, XTAL_OUT Input Pulldown 26 nP_LOAD Input Pulldown 27 VCO_SEL Input Pullup Input Active High Master Reset. When logic HIGH, the internal dividers are reset causing the true outputs FOUTx to go low and the inver ted outputs nFOUTx to go high. When Logic LOW, the internal dividers and the outputs are enabled. Asser tion of MR does not affect loaded M, N, and T values. LVCMOS / LVTTL interface levels. Clocks in serial data present at S_DATA input into the shift register on the rising edge of S_CLOCK. LVCMOS / LVTTL interface levels. Shift register serial input. Data sampled on the rising edge of S_CLOCK. LVCMOS / LVTTL interface levels. Controls transition of data from shift register into the dividers. LVCMOS / LVTTL interface levels. Analog supply pin. Selects between cr ystal oscillator or test inputs as the PLL reference source. Selects XTAL inputs when HIGH. Selects TEST_CLK when LOW. LVCMOS / LVTTL interface levels. Test clock input. LVCMOS / LVTTL interface levels. Cr ystal oscillator interface. XTAL_IN is the input. XTAL_OUT is the output. Parallel load input. Determines when data present at M8:M0 is loaded into M divider, and when data present at N2:N0 sets the N output divider value. LVCMOS / LVTTL interface levels. Determines whether synthesizer is in PLL or bypass mode. LVCMOS / LVTTL interface levels. NOTE: Pullup and Pulldown refer to internal input resistors. See Table 2, Pin Characteristics, for typical values. TABLE 2. PIN CHARACTERISTICS Symbol Parameter CIN Input Capacitance 4 pF RPULLUP Input Pullup Resistor 51 KΩ RPULLDOWN Input Pulldown Resistor 51 KΩ 8430AYI-61 Test Conditions www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 3 Minimum Typical Maximum Units REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. TABLE 3A. PARALLEL AND 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER SERIAL MODE FUNCTION TABLE Inputs Conditions MR nP_LOAD M N S_LOAD S_CLOCK S_DATA H X X X X X X Reset. Forces outputs LOW. L L Data Data X X X Data on M and N inputs passed directly to the M divider and N output divider. TEST output forced LOW. L ↑ Data Data L X X L H X X L ↑ Data L H X X ↑ L Data L H X X ↓ L Data L H X X L X X H ↑ Data L H X X NOTE: L = LOW H = HIGH X = Don't care ↑ = Rising edge transition ↓ = Falling edge transition Data is latched into input registers and remains loaded until next LOW transition or until a serial event occurs. Serial input mode. Shift register is loaded with data on S_DATA on each rising edge of S_CLOCK. Contents of the shift register are passed to the M divider and N output divider. M divider and N output divider values are latched. Parallel or serial input do not affect shift registers. S_DATA passed directly to M divider as it is clocked. TABLE 3B. PROGRAMMABLE VCO FREQUENCY FUNCTION TABLE (NOTE 1) VCO Frequency (MHz) M Divide 250 250 251 251 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 M8 M7 M6 M5 M4 M3 M2 M1 M0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 252 252 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 253 253 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 498 498 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 499 499 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 500 500 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 NOTE 1: These M divide values and the resulting frequencies correspond to a TEST_CLK or crystal frequency of 16MHz. TABLE 3C. PROGRAMMABLE OUTPUT DIVIDER FUNCTION TABLE Inputs 8430AYI-61 N Divider Value Output Frequency (MHz) N2 N1 N0 Minimum Maximum 0 0 0 1 250 500 0 0 1 1.5 166.66 333.33 0 1 0 2 125 250 0 1 1 3 83.33 166.66 1 0 0 4 62.5 125 1 0 1 6 41.66 83.33 1 1 0 8 31.25 62.5 1 1 1 12 20.83 41.66 www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 4 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltage, VCC 4.6V Inputs, VI -0.5V to VCC + 0.5V Outputs, IO Continuous Current Surge Current 50mA 100mA Package Thermal Impedance, θJA 47.9°C/W (0 lfpm) Storage Temperature, TSTG -65°C to 150°C NOTE: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These ratings are stress specifications only. Functional operation of product at these conditions or any conditions beyond those listed in the DC Characteristics or AC Characteristics is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect product reliability. TABLE 4A. POWER SUPPLY DC CHARACTERISTICS, VCC = VCCA = VCCO = 3.3V±5%, TA = -40°C TO 85°C Symbol Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Units VCC Core Supply Voltage Test Conditions 3.135 3.3 3.465 V VCCA Analog Supply Voltage 3.135 3.3 3.465 V VCCO Output Supply Voltage 3.135 3.3 3.465 V I EE Power Supply Current 155 mA ICCA Analog Supply Current 55 mA Maximum Units 2 VCC + 0.3 V 2 VCC + 0.3 V -0.3 0.8 V -0.3 1.3 V VCC = VIN = 3.465V 150 µA VCC = VIN = 3.465V 5 µA TABLE 4B. LVCMOS / LVTTL DC CHARACTERISTICS, VCC = VCCA = VCCO = 3.3V±5%, TA = -40°C TO 85°C Symbol VIH VIL IIH IIL Parameter Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage Input High Current Input Low Current Test Conditions M0:M8, N0:N2, MR, S_LOAD, S_DATA, S_CLOCK, nP_LOAD, VCO_SEL, XTAL_SEL TEST_CLK M0:M8, N0:N2, MR, S_LOAD, S_DATA, S_CLOCK, nP_LOAD, VCO_SEL, XTAL_SEL TEST_CLK M0-M4, M6-M8, N0, N1, MR, S_CLOCK, TEST_CLK, S_DATA, S_LOAD, nP_LOAD M5, XTAL_SEL, VCO_SEL M0-M4, M6-M8, N0, N1, MR, S_CLOCK, TEST_CLK, S_DATA, S_LOAD, nP_LOAD M5, XTAL_SEL, VCO_SEL VOH Output High Voltage TEST; NOTE 1 VOL Output Low Voltage TEST; NOTE 1 Minimum Typical VCC = 3.465V, VIN = 0V -5 µA VCC = 3.465V, VIN = 0V -150 µA 2.6 V 0.5 V NOTE 1: Outputs terminated with 50Ω to VCCO/2. 8430AYI-61 www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 5 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER TABLE 4C. LVPECL DC CHARACTERISTICS, VCC = VCCA = VCCO = 3.3V±5%, TA = -40°C TO 85°C Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Minimum Typical Maximum Units VOH Output High Voltage; NOTE 1 VCCO - 1.4 VCCO - 0.9 V V OL Output Low Voltage; NOTE 1 VCCO - 2.0 VCCO - 1.7 V 1.0 V Peak-to-Peak Output Voltage Swing 0.6 VSWING NOTE 1: Outputs terminated with 50Ω to VCCO - 2V. See "Parameter Measurement Information" section, "3.3V Output Load Test Circuit" figure. TABLE 5. INPUT FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS, VCC = VCCA = VCCO = 3.3V±5%, TA = -40°C TO 85°C Symbol Parameter fIN Input Frequency Maximum Units TEST_CLK; NOTE 1 Test Conditions Minimum 14 Typical 27 MHz XTAL_IN XTAL_OUT NOTE 1 14 27 MHz S_CLOCK 50 MHz NOTE 1: For the input cr ystal and TEST_CLK frequency range, the M value must be set for the VCO to operate within the 250MHz to 500MHz range. Using the minimum input frequency of 14MHz, valid values of M are 286 ≤ M ≤ 511. Using the maximum input frequency of 27MHz, valid values of M are 149 ≤ M ≤ 296. TABLE 6. CRYSTAL CHARACTERISTICS Parameter Test Conditions Minimum Mode of Oscillation Typical Maximum Units Fundamental 27 MHz Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) Frequency 14 50 Ω Shunt Capacitance 7 pF TABLE 7. AC CHARACTERISTICS, VCC = VCCA = VCCO = 3.3V±5%, TA = -40°C TO 85°C Symbol Parameter FOUT Output Frequency Test Conditions Minimum Typical 20.83 Maximum Units 500 MHz N ≠ 1.5 30 ps N = 1.5 tjit(cc) Cycle-to-Cycle Jitter ; NOTE 1, 4 100 ps tjit(per) Period Jitter, RMS; NOTE 1, 3 6 ps tsk(o) Output Skew; NOTE 2, 4 15 ps tR / tF Output Rise/Fall Time 700 ps 20% to 80% M, N to nP_LOAD tS tH Setup Time Hold Time odc Output Duty Cycle tLOCK PLL Lock Time 200 5 ns S_DATA to S_CLOCK 5 ns S_CLOCK to S_LOAD 5 ns M, N to nP_LOAD 5 ns S_DATA to S_CLOCK 5 ns S_CLOCK to S_LOAD 5 ns Even N divides 48 52 % Odd N divides 45 55 % 1 ms All AC parameters guaranteed for VCC=VCCA=VCCO=3.3V ±5%. NOTE 1: Jitter performance using XTAL inputs. NOTE 2: Defined as skew between outputs at the same supply voltage and with equal load conditions. Measured at the output differential cross points. NOTE 3: N divide = 1.5 characterized using the Wavecrest tailfit algorithm. NOTE 4: This parameter is defined in accordance with JEDEC Standard 65. 8430AYI-61 www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 6 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION 2V V CC, VCCA, VCCO Qx SCOPE nFOUTx FOUTx LVPECL nFOUTy nQx VEE FOUTy t sk(o) -1.3V ± 0.165V OUTPUT SKEW VOH nFOUTx VREF FOUTx ➤ VOL 1σ contains 68.26% of all measurements 2σ contains 95.4% of all measurements 3σ contains 99.73% of all measurements 4σ contains 99.99366% of all measurements 6σ contains (100-1.973x10-7)% of all measurements tcycle ➤ n tcycle n+1 ➤ t jit(cc) = tcycle n –tcycle n+1 1000 Cycles Histogram Reference Point ➤ 3.3V OUTPUT LOAD AC TEST CIRCUIT Mean Period (Trigger Edge) (First edge after trigger) PERIOD JITTER CYCLE-TO-CYCLE JITTER nFOUTx 80% 80% FOUTx VSW I N G Clock Outputs Pulse Width 20% 20% tR t PERIOD tF odc = t PW t PERIOD OUTPUT RISE/FALL TIME 8430AYI-61 OUTPUT DUTY CYCLE/PULSE WIDTH/PERIOD www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 7 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER APPLICATION INFORMATION POWER SUPPLY FILTERING TECHNIQUES As in any high speed analog circuitry, the power supply pins are vulnerable to random noise. The ICS8430I-61 provides separate power supplies to isolate any high switching noise from the outputs to the internal PLL. VCC, VCCA, and VCCO should be individually connected to the power supply plane through vias, and bypass capacitors should be used for each pin. To achieve optimum jitter performance, power supply isolation is required. Figure 2 illustrates how a 10Ω resistor along with a 10µF and a .01µF bypass capacitor should be connected to each VCCA pin. 3.3V VCC .01µF 10Ω VCCA .01µF 10 µF FIGURE 2. POWER SUPPLY FILTERING TERMINATION FOR LVPECL OUTPUTS drive 50Ω transmission lines. Matched impedance techniques should be used to maximize operating frequency and minimize signal distortion. There are a few simple termination schemes. Figures 3A and 3B show two different layouts which are recommended only as guidelines. Other suitable clock layouts may exist and it would be recommended that the board designers simulate to guarantee compatibility across all printed circuit and clock component process variations. The clock layout topology shown below is a typical termination for LVPECL outputs. The two different layouts mentioned are recommended only as guidelines. FOUT and nFOUT are low impedance follower outputs that generate ECL/LVPECL compatible outputs. Therefore, terminating resistors (DC current path to ground) or current sources must be used for functionality. These outputs are designed to 3.3V Zo = 50Ω 125Ω FOUT 125Ω FIN Zo = 50Ω Zo = 50Ω FOUT 50Ω RTT = 1 Z ((VOH + VOL) / (VCC – 2)) – 2 o Zo = 50Ω VCC - 2V RTT 84Ω FIGURE 3A. LVPECL OUTPUT TERMINATION 8430AYI-61 FIN 50Ω 84Ω FIGURE 3B. LVPECL OUTPUT TERMINATION www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 8 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER CRYSTAL INPUT INTERFACE error. These same capacitor values will tune any 18pF parallel resonant crystal over the frequency range and other parameters specified in this data sheet. The optimum C1 and C2 values can be slightly adjusted for different board layouts. The ICS8430I-61 has been characterized with 18pF parallel resonant crystals. The capacitor values, C1 and C2, shown in Figure 4 below were determined using a 25MHz, 18pF parallel resonant crystal and were chosen to minimize the ppm XTAL_IN C1 22p X1 18pF Parallel Cry stal XTAL_OUT C2 22p ICS84332 ICS8430I-61 Figure 4. CRYSTAL INPUt INTERFACE LAYOUT GUIDELINE The schematic of the ICS8430I-61 layout example used in this layout guideline is shown in Figure 5A. The ICS8430I-61 recommended PCB board layout for this example is shown in Figure 5B. This layout example is used as a general guideline. The layout in the actual system will depend on the selected component types, the density of the components, the density of the traces, and the stack up of the P.C. board. C2 C1 U1 M5 M6 M7 M8 N0 N1 N2 VEE XTAL_IN REF_IN nXTAL_SEL VCCA S_LOAD S_DATA S_CLOCK MR VCC 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 R7 10 REF_IN XTAL_SEL VCCA S_LOAD S_DATA S_CLOCK C11 C16 10u 0.01u VCC 8430-61 9 10 11 12 VCC 13 FOUT 14 FOUTN 15 16 TEST VCC FOUT1 nFOUT1 VCCO FOUT0 nFOUT0 VEE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 M4 M3 M2 M1 M0 VCO_SEL nP_LOAD XTAL_OUT 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 X1 VCC R1 125 R3 125 Zo = 50 Ohm IN+ C14 0.1u TL1 C15 0.1u + Zo = 50 Ohm IN- - TL2 R2 84 FIGURE 5A. SCHEMATIC 8430AYI-61 OF RECOMMENDED LAYOUT www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 9 R4 84 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER • The traces with 50Ω transmission lines TL1 and TL2 at FOUT and nFOUT should have equal delay and run adjacent to each other. Avoid sharp angles on the clock trace. Sharp angle turns cause the characteristic impedance to change on the transmission lines. The following component footprints are used in this layout example: All the resistors and capacitors are size 0603. POWER AND GROUNDING Place the decoupling capacitors C14 and C15 as close as possible to the power pins. If space allows, placing the decoupling capacitor at the component side is preferred. This can reduce unwanted inductance between the decoupling capacitor and the power pin generated by the via. • Keep the clock trace on the same layer. Whenever possible, avoid any vias on the clock traces. Any via on the trace can affect the trace characteristic impedance and hence degrade signal quality. • To prevent cross talk, avoid routing other signal traces in parallel with the clock traces. If running parallel traces is unavoidable, allow more space between the clock trace and the other signal trace. Maximize the pad size of the power (ground) at the decoupling capacitor. Maximize the number of vias between power (ground) and the pads. This can reduce the inductance between the power (ground) plane and the component power (ground) pins. • Make sure no other signal trace is routed between the clock trace pair. If VCCA shares the same power supply with VCC, insert the RC filter R7, C11, and C16 in between. Place this RC filter as close to the VCCA pin as possible. CLOCK TRACES AND The matching termination resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 should be located as close to the receiver input pins as possible. Other termination schemes can also be used but are not shown in this example. TERMINATION The component placements, locations and orientations should be arranged to achieve the best clock signal quality. Poor clock signal quality can degrade the system performance or cause system failure. In the synchronous high-speed digital system, the clock signal is less tolerable to poor signal quality than other signals. Any ringing on the rising or falling edge or excessive ring back can cause system failure. The trace shape and the trace delay might be restricted by the available space on the board and the component location. While routing the traces, the clock signal traces should be routed first and should be locked prior to routing other signal traces. CRYSTAL The crystal X1 should be located as close as possible to the pins 24 (XTAL_IN) and 25 (XTAL_OUT). The trace length between the X1 and U1 should be kept to a minimum to avoid unwanted parasitic inductance and capacitance. Other signal traces should not be routed near the crystal traces. GND C1 C2 VCC X1 VIA U1 PIN 1 C16 C11 VCCA R7 Close to the input pins of the receiver TL1N C15 TL1 C14 TL1 R1 R2 TL1N R3 R4 TL1, TL21N are 50 Ohm traces and equal length FIGURE 5B. PCB BOARD LAYOUT FOR ICS8430I-61 8430AYI-61 www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 10 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER POWER CONSIDERATIONS This section provides information on power dissipation and junction temperature for the ICS8430I-61. Equations and example calculations are also provided. 1. Power Dissipation. The total power dissipation for the ICS8430I-61 is the sum of the core power plus the power dissipated in the load(s). The following is the power dissipation for VCC = 3.3V + 5% = 3.465V, which gives worst case results. NOTE: Please refer to Section 3 for details on calculating power dissipated in the load. • • Power (core)MAX = VCC_MAX * IEE_MAX = 3.465V * 155mA = 537.1mW Power (outputs)MAX = 30mW/Loaded Output pair If all outputs are loaded, the total power is 2 * 30mW = 60mW Total Power_MAX (3.465V, with all outputs switching) = 537.1mW + 60mW = 597.1mW 2. Junction Temperature. Junction temperature, Tj, is the temperature at the junction of the bond wire and bond pad and directly affects the reliability of the device. The maximum recommended junction temperature for HiPerClockSTM devices is 125°C. The equation for Tj is as follows: Tj = θJA * Pd_total + TA Tj = Junction Temperature θJA = Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance Pd_total = Total Device Power Dissipation (example calculation is in section 1 above) TA = Ambient Temperature In order to calculate junction temperature, the appropriate junction-to-ambient thermal resistance θJA must be used. Assuming a moderate air flow of 200 linear feet per minute and a multi-layer board, the appropriate value is 42.1°C/W per Table 8 below. Therefore, Tj for an ambient temperature of 85°C with all outputs switching is: 85°C + 0.597W * 42.1°C/W = 110.1°C. This is well below the limit of 125°C. This calculation is only an example. Tj will obviously vary depending on the number of loaded outputs, supply voltage, air flow, and the type of board (single layer or multi-layer). TABLE 8. THERMAL RESISTANCE θJA FOR 32-PIN LQFP, FORCED CONVECTION θJA by Velocity (Linear Feet per Minute) Single-Layer PCB, JEDEC Standard Test Boards Multi-Layer PCB, JEDEC Standard Test Boards 0 200 500 67.8°C/W 47.9°C/W 55.9°C/W 42.1°C/W 50.1°C/W 39.4°C/W NOTE: Most modern PCB designs use multi-layered boards. The data in the second row pertains to most designs. 8430AYI-61 www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 11 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER 3. Calculations and Equations. The purpose of this section is to derive the power dissipated into the load. LVPECL output driver circuit and termination are shown in Figure 6. VCCO Q1 VOUT RL 50 VCCO - 2V FIGURE 6. LVPECL DRIVER CIRCUIT TERMINATION AND To calculate worst case power dissipation into the load, use the following equations which assume a 50Ω load, and a termination voltage of V - 2V. CCO • For logic high, VOUT = V OH_MAX (V CCO_MAX • -V OH_MAX OL_MAX CCO_MAX -V OL_MAX CCO_MAX – 0.9V ) = 0.9V For logic low, VOUT = V (V =V =V CCO_MAX – 1.7V ) = 1.7V Pd_H is power dissipation when the output drives high. Pd_L is the power dissipation when the output drives low. Pd_H = [(V OH_MAX – (V CCO_MAX - 2V))/R ] * (V CCO_MAX L -V OH_MAX ) = [(2V - (V CCO_MAX -V OH_MAX ))/R ] * (V CCO_MAX L -V OH_MAX )= [(2V - 0.9V)/50Ω] * 0.9V = 19.8mW Pd_L = [(V OL_MAX – (V CCO_MAX - 2V))/R ] * (V L CCO_MAX -V OL_MAX ) = [(2V - (V CCO_MAX -V OL_MAX ))/R ] * (V L CCO_MAX -V OL_MAX )= [(2V - 1.7V)/50Ω] * 1.7V = 10.2mW Total Power Dissipation per output pair = Pd_H + Pd_L = 30mW 8430AYI-61 www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 12 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER RELIABILITY INFORMATION TABLE 9. θJAVS. AIR FLOW TABLE FOR 32 LEAD LQFP θJA by Velocity (Linear Feet per Minute) Single-Layer PCB, JEDEC Standard Test Boards Multi-Layer PCB, JEDEC Standard Test Boards 0 200 500 67.8°C/W 47.9°C/W 55.9°C/W 42.1°C/W 50.1°C/W 39.4°C/W NOTE: Most modern PCB designs use multi-layered boards. The data in the second row pertains to most designs. TRANSISTOR COUNT The transistor count for ICS8430I-61 is: 4258 8430AYI-61 www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 13 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. PACKAGE OUTLINE - Y SUFFIX 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER FOR 32 LEAD LQFP TABLE 10. PACKAGE DIMENSIONS JEDEC VARIATION ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS BBA SYMBOL MINIMUM NOMINAL MAXIMUM 32 N A -- -- 1.60 A1 0.05 -- 0.15 A2 1.35 1.40 1.45 b 0.30 0.37 0.45 c 0.09 -- 0.20 D 9.00 BASIC D1 7.00 BASIC D2 5.60 Ref. E 9.00 BASIC E1 7.00 BASIC E2 5.60 Ref. e 0.80 BASIC L 0.45 0.60 0.75 θ 0° -- 7° ccc -- -- 0.10 Reference Document: JEDEC Publication 95, MS-026 8430AYI-61 www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 14 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER TABLE 11. ORDERING INFORMATION Part/Order Number Marking Package Count Temperature ICS8430AYI-61 ICS8430AYI-61 32 Lead LQFP 250 per tray -40°C to 85°C ICS8430AYI-61T ICS8430AYI-61 32 Lead LQFP on Tape and Reel 1000 -40°C to 85°C The aforementioned trademark, HiPerClockS™ is a trademark of Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. While the information presented herein has been checked for both accuracy and reliability, Integrated Circuit Systems, Incorporated (ICS) assumes no responsibility for either its use or for infringement of any patents or other rights of third parties, which would result from its use. No other circuits, patents, or licenses are implied. This product is intended for use in normal commercial and industrial applications. Any other applications such as those requiring high reliability or other extraordinary environmental requirements are not recommended without additional processing by ICS. ICS reserves the right to change any circuitry or specifications without notice. ICS does not authorize or warrant any ICS product for use in life support devices or critical medical instruments. 8430AYI-61 www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 15 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004 ICS8430I-61 Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. 500MHZ, CRYSTAL-TO-3.3V DIFFERENTIAL LVPECL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER REVISION HISTORY SHEET Rev A 8430AYI-61 Table Page 1 T7 6 Description of Change Features Section - changed Supply Voltage bullet. AC Table - Added 3V Note. www.icst.com/products/hiperclocks.html 16 Date 10/21/04 REV. A OCTOBER 21, 2004