OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB PEDL9044A-04 Issue Date: Apr. 8, 2002 Preliminary DOT MATRIX LCD CONTROLLER DRIVER GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ML9044A used in combination with an 8-bit or 4-bit microcontroller controls the operation of a character type dot matrix LCD. FEATURES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Easy interfacing with 8-bit or 4-bit microcontroller Switchable between serial and parallel interfaces Dot-matrix LCD controller/driver for a small (5 × 7 dots) or large (5 × 10 dots) font Built-in circuit allowing automatic resetting at power-on Built-in 17 common signal drivers and 120 segment signal drivers Built-in character generation ROM capable of generating 160 small characters (5 × 7 dots) or 32 large characters (5 × 10 dots) Creation of character patterns by programming: up to 8 small character patterns (5 × 8 dots) or up to 4 large character patterns (5 × 11 dots) Built-in RC oscillation circuit using external or internal resistors Program-selectable duties: 1/9 duty (1 line: 5 × 7 dots + cursor + arbitrator), 1/12 duty (1 line: 5 × 10 dots + cursor + arbitrator), or 1/17 duty (2 lines: 5 × 7 dots + cursor + arbitrator) Built-in bias dividing resistors to drive the LCD Bi-directional transfer of segment outputs Bi-directional transfer of common outputs 120-dot arbitrator display Line display shifting Built-in contrast control circuit Built-in voltage multiplier circuit Gold Bump Chip With dummy bumps on both sides of the chip: ML9044A-xxA CVWA Without dummy bumps on both sides of the chip: ML9044A-xxB CVWA *xx indicates a character generator ROM code number. *51A and 51B indicate general character generator ROM code numbers. 1/64 5 Address counter (ADC) 8 VCC VC VIN Voltage multiplier circuit BE Expansion Expansion 8 instruction decoder instruction (ED) register (ER) Busy flag (BF) Data register (DR) 8 Instruction decoder (ID) Arbitrator RAM (AB RAM) Display data RAM (DD RAM) 8 8 Character generator RAM (CG RAM) 5 5 CSR SSR Character generator ROM (CG ROM) 5 17-bit shift register 120-bit shift register V5IN LCD bias voltage dividing circuit V1 V2 V3A V3B V4 V5 8 8 Instruction register (IR) 7 Cursor blink controller Common signal driver SEG120 SEG1 COM17 COM1 OKI Semiconductor Contrast control circuit Test circuit T1 T2 T3 4 4 I/O buffer 8 Timing generator Parallelserial converter DB0 to DB3 DB4 to DB7 RS1 RS0 R/W E CS S/P SHT SI SO OSC1 OSCR OSC2 VDD GND PEDL9044A-04 ML9044A-xxA/xxB BLOCK DIAGRAM Segment Signal - driver 120-bit latch 2/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB I/O CIRCUITS VDD VDD VDD VDD P P P N N Applied to pins SSR, CSR, S/P, and BE N Applied to pins T1, T2, and T3 Applied to pins R/W, RS1, and RS0 : “0” At serial I/F At parallel I/F : “1” At serial I/F Applied to pin E Applied to pin SI : “1” (CS = “1”) : “0” (CS = “0”) : “1” At serial I/F Applied to pin SHT VDD At parallel I/F At parallel I/F : “1” (CS = “0”) : “0” (CS = “1”) : “0” : “0” At serial I/F At parallel I/F : “1” Applied to pin CS VDD P P VDD N P N Output Enable signal Applied to pins DB0 to DB7 VDD P VDD P N Output Enable signal Applied to pin SO 3/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB PIN DESCRIPTIONS Symbol Description R/W The input pin with a pull-up resistor to select Read (“H”) or Write (“L”) in the Parallel I/F Mode. This pin should be open in the Serial l/F Mode. The input pins with a pull-up resistor to select a register in the Parallel l/F Mode. RS0, RS1 RS1 RS0 Name of register H H H L Instruction register L L Expansion Instruction register Data register This pin should be open in the Serial I/F Mode. E The input pin for data input/output between the CPU and the ML9044A and for activating instructions in the Parallel l/F Mode. This pin should be open in the Serial l/F Mode. DB0 to DB3 The input/output pins to transfer data of lower-order 4 bits between the CPU and the ML9044A in the Parallel l/F Mode. The pins are not used for the 4-bit interface and serial interface. Each pin is equipped with a pull-up resistor, so this pin should be open when not used. DB4 to DB7 The input/output pins to transfer data of upper 4 bits between the CPU and the ML9044A in the Parallel l/F Mode. The pins are not used for the serial interface. Each pin is equipped with a pull-up resistor, so this pin should be open in the Serial I/F Mode when not used. The clock oscillation pins required for LCD drive signals and the operation of the ML9044A by instructions sent from the CPU. OSC1 OSC2 OSCR To input external clock, the OSC1 pin should be used. The OSCR and the OSC2 pins should be open. To start oscillation with an external resistor, the resistor should be connected between the OSC1 and OSC2 pins. The OSCR pin should be open. To start oscillation with an internal resistor, the OSC2 and OSCR pins should be short-circuited outside the ML9044A. The OSC1 pin should be open. The LCD common signal output pins. COM1 to COM17 For 1/9 duty, non-selectable voltage waveforms are output via COM10 to COM17. For 1/12 duty, non-selectable voltage waveforms are output via COM13 to COM17. SEG1 to SEG120 The LCD segment signal output pins. 4/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Symbol Description CSR At 1/n duty, data is transferred from COM1 to COMn when “L” is applied to this pin and transferred from COMn to COM1 when “H” is applied to this pin. SSR “L”: Data transfer from SEG1 to SEG120 The input pin to select the transfer direction of the common signal output data. The input pin to select the transfer direction of the segment signal output data. “H”: Data transfer from SEG120 to SEG1 The pins to output bias voltages to the LCD. V1 , V2, V3A, V3B, V4 For 1/4 bias : The V2 and V3B pins are shorted. For 1/5 bias : The V3A and V3B pins are shorted. The input pin to enable or disable the voltage multiplier circuit. "L" disables the voltage multiplier circuit. "H" enables the voltage multiplier circuit. BE VIN The voltage multiplier circuit doubles the input voltage between VDD and VIN and the multiplied voltage referenced to VDD is output to the V5IN pin. The voltage multiplier circuit can be used only when generating a level lower than GND. The pin to input voltage to the voltage multiplier. The pins to supply the LCD drive voltage. The LCD drive voltage is supplied to the V5 pin when the voltage multiplier is not used (BE = “0”) and the internal contrast adjusting circuit is also not used. At this time, the V5IN pin should be open. V5, V5IN The LCD drive voltage is supplied to the V5IN pin when the voltage multiplier is not used (BE = “0”) but the internal contrast adjusting circuit is used. At this time, the V5 pin should be open. When the voltage multiplier is used (BE = “1”), the V5 pin should be open (the multiplied voltage is output to the V5IN pin). In this case, the internal contrast adjusting circuit must be used. Capacitors for the voltage multiplier should be connected between the VDD pin and the V5IN pin. VC The pin to connect the positive pin of the capacitor for the voltage multiplier. Leave the pin open when the voltage multiplier circuit is not used. VCC The pin to connect the negative pin of the capacitor used for the voltage multiplier. Leave the pin open when the voltage multiplier circuit is not used. 5/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Symbol Description T 1, T 2, T 3 The input pins for test circuits (normally open). Each of these pins is equipped with a pull-down resistor, so this pin should be left open. VDD The power supply pin. GND The ground level input pin. The input pin to select the serial or parallel interface. S/P “L” selects the parallel interface. “H” selects the serial interface. The pin to enable this IC in the serial l/F mode. CS “L” enables this IC. “H” disables this IC. This pin should be open in the parallel l/F mode. The pin to input shift clock in the serial l/F mode. SHT Data inputting to the SI pin is carried out synchronizing with the rising edge of this clock signal. Data outputting from the SO pin is carried out synchronizing with the falling edge of this clock signal. This pin should be open in the parallel l/F mode. The pin to input DATA in the serial l/F mode. Sl Data inputting to this pin is carried out synchronizing with the rising edge of the SHT signal. This pin should be open in the parallel l/F mode. The pin to output DATA in the serial l/F mode. SO Data inputting to this pin is carried out synchronizing with the falling edge of the SHT signal. This pin should be open in the parallel l/F mode. DUMMY NC pin. Leave this pin open. 6/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (GND = 0 V) Parameter Supply Voltage LCD Driving Voltage Input Voltage Storage Temperature Symbol Condition Rating Unit Applicable pins VDD Ta = 25°C –0.3 to +6.5 V VDD–GND V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 Ta = 25°C VDD–7.5 to VDD+0.3 V V1, V4, V5, V5IN, V2, V3A, V3B VI Ta = 25°C –0.3 to VDD+0.3 V R/W, E, SHT, CSR, S/P, SSR, Sl, RS0, RS1, BE, CS, T1 to T3, DB0 to DB7, VIN TSTG — –55 to +150 °C — RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS (GND = 0 V) Parameter Supply Voltage LCD Driving Voltage Voltage Multipler Operating Voltage Operating Temperature Symbol Condition Range Unit Applicable pins VDD — 2.7 to 5.5 V VDD–GND — 3.3 to 7.0 V VDD–V5 (V5IN) VMUL BE = “1” 2.7 to 3.5 V VDD–VIN Top — –40 to +85 °C — VDD–V5 (See Note) Note: This voltage should be applied across VDD and V5. The following voltages are output to the V1, V2, V3A (V3B) and V4 pins: • 1/4 bias V1 = {VDD – (VDD – V5)/4} ±0.15 V V2 = V3B = {VDD – (VDD – V5)/2} ±0.15 V V4 = {VDD – 3 × (VDD – V5)/4 } ±0.15 V • 1/5 bias V1 = {VDD – (VDD – V5)/5} ±0.15 V V2 = {VDD – 2 × (VDD – V5)/5} ±0.15 V V3A = V3B = {VDD – 3 × (VDD – V5)/5} ±0.15 V V4 = {VDD – 4 × (VDD – V5)/5} ±0.15 V The voltages at the V1, V2, V3A (V3B), V4 and V5 pins should satisfy VDD > V1 > V2 > V3A (V3B) > V4 > V5. (Higher ← → Lower) * If the chip is attached on a substrate using COG technology, the chip tends to be susceptible to electrical characteristics of the chip due to trace resistance on the glass substrate. It is recommended to use the chip by confirming that it operates on the glass substrate properly. Trace resistance, especially, VDD and VSS trace resistance, between the chip on the LCD panel and the flexible cable should be designed as low as possible. Trace resistance that cannot be very well decreased, larger size of the LCD panel, or greater trace capacitance between the microcontroller and the ML9044A device can cause device malfunction. In order to avoid the device malfunction, power noise should be reduced by serial interfacing of the microcontroller and the ML9044A device. * Do not apply short-circuiting across output pins and across an output pin and an input/output pin or the power supply pin in the output mode. 7/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS DC Characteristics (GND = 0 V, VDD = 2.7 to 5.5 V, Ta = –40 to +85°C) Parameter “H” Input Voltage Symbol Condition VIH Min. Typ. Max. 0.8VDD — VDD — “L” Input Voltage VIL 0 — 0.2VDD — — — 0.2VDD “H” Output Voltage 1 “L” Output Voltage 1 VOH1 VOL1 IOH = –0.1 mA IOL = +0.1 mA 0.75VDD — “H” Output Voltage 2 VOH2 IOH = –13 µA 0.9VDD — — “L” Output Voltage 2 VOL2 VCH IOL = +13 µA lOCH = –4 µA — VDD–0.3 — — 0.1VDD VDD VCMH VCML lOCMH = ±4 µA VDD –V5 = 5 V Note 1 lOCML = ±4 µA lOCL = +4 µA V1–0.3 V4–0.3 — — — V1+0.3 V4+0.3 V5+0.3 COM Voltage Drop VCL VSH SEG Voltage Drop VSMH VSML VSL Input Leakage Current Input Current 1 | IIL | | II1 | Input Current 2 | II2 | Supply Current lDD RLB Oscillation Frequency of External Resistor Rf fosc1 Oscillation Frequency of Internal Resistor Rf fosc2 External Clock LCD Bias Resistor Clock Input Frequency Input Clock Duty Input Clock Rise Time Input Clock Fall Time fin fduty lOSH = –4 µA V5 VDD–0.3 — VDD lOSMH = ±4 µA VDD –V5 = 5 V Note 1 lOSML = ±4 µA V2–0.3 V3–0.3 — — V2+0.3 V3+0.3 lOSL = +4 µA V5 — V5+0.3 VDD = 5 V, VI = 5 V or 0 V — — 1.0 VDD = 5 V, VI = GND 10 25 61 VDD = 5 V, VI = VDD, Excluding current flowing through the pull-up resistor and the output driving MOS — — 2.0 VDD = 5 V, VI = VDD 15 45 105 — — 2.0 — — 1.2 VDD = 5 V, VI = GND, Excluding current flowing through the pull-down resistor VDD = 5 V Note 2 Rf = 180 kΩ±2% Note 3 Note 4 OSC1: Open OSC2 and OSCR: Shortcircuited OSC2, OSCR: Open Input from OSC1 Note 5 Unit Applicable pin V R/W, RS0, RS1, E, DB0 to DB7, SHT, S/P, Sl, CS, OSC1, SSR, CSR, BE V DB0 to DB7, SO V OSC2 V COM1 to COM17 V SEG1 to SEG120 µA E, SSR, CSR, BE, SHT, S/P, CS, Sl µA R/W, RS0, RS1, DB0 to DB7, SO µA T 1, T 2, T 3 mA VDD–GND VDD, V1, V2, V3A, V3B, V4, V5 2.5 4.0 6.0 kΩ 175 270 400 kHz OSC1, OSC2 140 270 480 kHz 125 — 480 kHz 45 50 55 % frf Note 6 — — 0.2 µs fff Note 6 — — 0.2 µs OSC1, OSC2, OSCR OSC1 8/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB (GND = 0 V, VDD = 2.7 to 5.5 V, Ta = –40 to +85°C) Parameter Symbol Voltage Multiplier Input Voltage VMUL Condition Note 7 Min. Typ. Max. Unit Applicable pins 2.7 — 3.5 V VDD–VIN 4.1 — (VDD–VIN) ×2 V VDD–V5IN VDD = 2.7 V, VIN = 0 V 1/5 bias f = 125 kHz Voltage Multiplier Output Voltage V5OUT A capacitor for the voltage multiplier =1 to 4.7 µF 3.9 — (VDD–VIN) ×2 VDD = 5 V, V5IN = –2 V, 1/5 bias, Contrast data: 1F, No load 6.6 — — VDD = 5 V, V5IN = –2 V, 1/4 bias, Contrast data: 1F, No load 6.6 — — VDD = 4.1 V, V5IN = 0 V, 1/5 bias, Contrast data: 1F, No load 3.8 — — VDD = 3.9 V, V5IN = 0 V, 1/4 bias, Contrast data: 1F, No load 3.6 — — VDD = 5 V, V5IN = –2 V, 1/5 bias, Contrast data: 00, No load 4.0 — 4.6 VDD = 5 V, V5IN = –2 V, 1/4 bias, Contrast data: 00, No load 3.6 — 4.2 VDD = 4.1 V, V5IN = 0 V, 1/5 bias, Contrast data: 00, No load 2.2 — 2.8 VDD = 3.9 V, V5IN = 0 V, 1/4 bias, Contrast data: 00, No load 1.9 — 2.5 1/5 bias 3.3 — 7.0 1/4 bias 3.3 — 7.0 1/4 bias No load BE = “H” VLCD MAX Maximum and minimum LCD drive voltages when internal variable resistors are used. Note 8 VLCD MIN Bias Voltage for Driving LCD Note 1: VLCD1 VDD–V5 V VDD–V5 V Note 9 VLCD2 V V5 Applied to the voltage drop occurring between any of the VDD, V1, V4 and V5 pins and any of the common pins (COM1 to COM17) when the current of 4 µA flows in or flows out at one common pin. Also applied to the voltage drop occurring between any of the VDD, V2, V3A (V3B) and V5 pins and any of the segment pins (SEG1 to SEG120) when the current of 4 µA flows in or flows out at one common pin. The current of 4 µA flows out when the output level is VDD or flows in when the output level is V5. Note 2: Applied to the current flowing into the VDD pin when the external clock (fOSC2 = fin = 270 kHz) is fed to the internal Rf oscillation or OSC1 under the following conditions: VDD = 5 V GND = V5 = 0 V, V1, V2, V3A (V3B) and V4: Open E, SSR, CSR, and BE: “L” (fixed) Other input pins: “L” or “H” (fixed) Other output pins: No load 9/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor Note 3: ML9044A-xxA/xxB Note 4: OSC1 OSC1 OSCR Rf = 180 kΩ±2% OSCR OSC2 OSC2 The wire between OSC1 and Rf and the wire between OSC2 and Rf should be as short as possible. Keep OSCR open. The wire between OSC2 and OSCR should be as short as possible. Keep OSC1 open. Note 5: tHW tLW VDD VDD VDD 2 2 2 fIN waveform Applied to the pulses entering from the OSC1 pin fduty = tHW/(tHW + tLW) ×100 (%) Note 6: 0.8VDD 0.8VDD 0.2VDD 0.2VDD trf tff Applied to the pulses entering from the OSC1 pin Note 7: The maximum value of the voltage multiplier input voltage should be set at 3.5 V, and the minimum value of the voltage multiplier input voltage should be set so that the voltage multiplier output voltage meets the specification for the bias voltage for driving LCD after contrast adjustment. Note 8: If using the built-in contrast control circuit, control the circuit so that the voltage of VDD-V5 is the minimum value of the bias voltage for driving LCD or higher. Note 9: For 1/4 bias, V2 and V3B pins are short-circuited. V3A pin is open. For 1/5 bias, V3A and V3B pins are short-circuited. V2 pin is open. 10/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Switching Characteristics (The following ratings are subject to change after ES evaluation.) • Parallel Interface Mode The timing for the input from the CPU (see 1) and the timing for the output to the CPU (see 2) are as shown below: 1) WRITE MODE (Timing for input from the CPU) (VDD = 2.7 to 5.5 V, Ta = –40 to +85°C) Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit R/W, RS0, RS1 Setup Time tB 40 — — ns E Pulse Width tW 450 — — ns R/W, RS0, RS1 Hold Time tA 10 — — ns E Rise Time tr — — 25 ns E Fall Time tf — — 25 ns E Pulse Width tL 430 — — ns E Cycle Time tC 1000 — — ns DB0 to DB7 Input Data Hold Time tI 195 — — ns DB0 to DB7 Input Data Setup Time tH 10 — — ns VIH VIL VIH VIL RS1, RS0 R/W VIL VIL tr tB tL E VIL tf tW VIH tA VIH VIL VIL tI VIH VIL DB0 to DB7 tH Input Data VIH VIL tC 11/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB 2) READ MODE (Timing for output to the CPU) (VDD = 2.7 to 5.5 V, Ta = –40 to +85°C) Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit R/W, RS1, RS0 Setup Time Parameter tB 40 — — ns E Pulse Width tW 450 — — ns R/W, RS1, RS0 Hold Time tA 10 — — ns E Rise Time tr — — 25 ns E Fall Time tf — — 25 ns E Pulse Width tL 430 — — ns E Cycle Time tC 1000 — — ns DB0 to DB7 Output Data Delay Time tD — — 350 ns DB0 to DB7 Output Data Hold Time tO 20 — — ns Note: A load capacitance of each of DB0 to DB7 must be 50 pF or less. RS1, RS0 VIH VIL R/W VIH VIH VIL VIH tr tB tL E VIL tW VIH tf tA VIH VIL VIL tD tO VOH VOL DB0 to DB7 Output Data VOH VOL tC 12/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB • Serial Interface Mode (VDD = 2.7 to 5.5 V, Ta = –40 to +85°C) Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit SHT Cycle Time Parameter tSCY 500 — — ns CS Setup Time tCSU 100 — — ns CS Hold Time CS “H” Pulse Width tCH 100 — — ns tCSWH 200 — — ns SHT Setup Time tSSU 60 — — ns SHT Hold Time tSH 200 — — ns SHT “H” Pulse Width tSWH 200 — — ns SHT “L” Pulse Width tSWL 200 — — ns SHT Rise Time tSR — — 50 ns SHT Fall Time tSF — — 50 ns Sl Setup Time tDISU 100 — — ns Sl Hold Time tDIH 100 — — ns Data Output Delay Time tDOD — — 160 ns Data Output Hold Time tCDH 0 — — ns tCSWH tSCY CS VIH tCSU SHT SI VIL VIL tSSU tSWL VIH VIL tDISU VIH VIL tDOD SO tSR tSF tSWH VIH tDIH VIH tSH VIH VIL VIH tCH VIH VIH VIL tDOD VOL VIH tCDH VOH VOH 13/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Instruction Register (IR), Data Register (DR), and Expansion Instruction Register (ER) These registers are selected by setting the level of the Register Selection input pins RS0 and RS1. The DR is selected when both RS0 and RS1 are “H”. The IR is selected when RS0 is “L” and RS1 is “H”. The ER is selected when both RS0 and RS1 are “L”. (When RS0 is “H” and RS1 is “L”, the ML9044A is not selected.) The IR stores an instruction code and sets the address code of the display data RAM (DDRAM) or the character generator RAM (CGRAM). The microcontroller (CPU) can write to the IR but cannot read from the IR. The ER stores a contrast adjusting code and sets the address code of the arbitrator RAM (ABRAM). The CPU can write to or read from the ER. The DR stores data to be written in the DDRAM, ABRAM and CGRAM and also stores data read from the DDRAM, ABRAM and CGRAM. The data written in the DR by the CPU is automatically written in the DDRAM, ABRAM or CGRAM. When an address code is written in the IR or ER, the data of the specified address is automatically transferred from the DDRAM, ABRAM or CGRAM to the DR. The data of the DDRAM, ABRAM and CGRAM can be checked by allowing the CPU to read the data stored in the DR. After the CPU writes data in the DR, the data of the next address in the DDRAM, ABRAM or CGRAM is selected to be ready for the next writing by the CPU. Similarly, after the CPU reads the data in the DR, the data of the next address in the DDRAM, ABRAM or CGRAM is set in the DR to be ready for the next reading by the CPU. Writing in or reading from these 3 registers is controlled by changing the status of the R/W (Read/Write) pin. Table 1 R/W pin status and register operation R/W RS0 RS1 Operation L L H Writing in the IR H L H Reading the Busy flag (BF) and the address counter (ADC) L H H Writing in the DR H H H Reading from the DR L L L Writing in the ER H L L Reading the contrast code L H L Disabled (Not in a busy state, not performing the writes) H H L Disabled (Not in a busy state, not performing the reads. Note data read by the CPU is undefined since the data bus is high impedance.) Busy Flag (BF) The status “1” of the Busy Flag (BF) indicates that the ML9044A is carrying out internal operation. When the BF is “1”, any new instruction is ignored. When R/W = “H”, RS0 = “L” and RS1 = “H”, the data in the BF is output to the DB7. New instructions should be input when the BF is “0”. When the BF is “1”, the output code of the address counter (ADC) is undefined. 14/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Address Counter (ADC) The address counter provides a read/write address for the DDRAM, ABRAM or CGRAM and also provides a cursor display address. When an instruction code specifying DDRAM, ABRAM or CGRAM address setting is input to the pre-defined register, the register selects the specified DDRAM, ABRAM or CGRAM and transfers the address code to the ADC. The address data in the ADC is automatically incremented (or decremented) by 1 after the display data is written in or read from the DDRAM, ABRAM or CGRAM. The data in the ADC is output to DB0 to DB6 when R/W = “H”, RS0 = “L”, RS1 = “H” and BF = “0”. Timing Generator The timing generator generates timing signals for the internal operation of the ML9044A activated by the instruction sent from the CPU or for the operation of the internal circuits of the ML9044A such as DDRAM, ABRAM, CGRAM and CGROM. Timing signals are generated so that the internal operation carried out for LCD displaying will not be interfered by the internal operation initiated by accessing from the CPU. For example, when the CPU writes data in the DDRAM, the display of the LCD not corresponding to the written data is not affected. 15/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Display Data RAM (DDRAM) This RAM stores the 8-bit character codes (see Table 2). The DDRAM addresses correspond to the display positions (digits) of the LCD as shown below. The DDRAM addresses (to be set in the ADC) are represented in hexadecimal. DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 ADC LSB MSB Hexadecimal Hexadecimal (Example) Representation of DDRAM address = 12 ADC 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 1) Relationship between DDRAM addresses and display positions (1-line display mode) Digit 1 2 3 4 5 00 01 02 03 04 Left end 23 24 Display position 16 17 DD RAM address (hexadecimal) Right end In the 1-line display mode, the ML9044A can display up to 24 characters from digit 1 to digit 24. While the DDRAM has addresses “00” to “4F” for up to 80 character codes, the area not used for display can be used as a RAM area for general data. When the display is shifted by instruction, the relationship between the LCD display and the DDRAM address changes as shown below: Digit 1 2 3 4 23 24 (Display shifted to the right) 4F 00 01 02 Digit 1 2 3 4 5 (Display shifted to the left) 01 02 03 04 05 15 16 23 24 17 18 16/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB 2) Relationship between DDRAM addresses and display positions (2-line display mode) In the 2-line mode, the ML9044A can display up to 48 characters (24 characters per line) from digit 1 to digit 24. Digit 1 2 3 4 5 Line 1 00 01 02 03 04 23 24 16 17 Display position Line 2 40 41 42 43 44 56 57 address (hexadecimal) DD RAM Note: The DDRAM address at digit 24 in the first line is not consecutive to the DDRAM address at digit 1 in the second line. When the display is shifted by instruction, the relationship between the LCD display and the DDRAM address changes as shown below: (Display shifted to the right) (Display shifted to the left) Digit 1 2 3 4 5 Line 1 27 00 01 02 03 23 24 15 16 Line 2 67 40 41 42 43 55 56 Digit 1 2 3 4 5 Line 1 01 02 03 04 05 23 24 17 18 Line 2 41 42 43 44 45 57 58 17/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Character Generator ROM (CGROM) The CGROM generates small character patterns (5 × 7 dots, 160 patterns) or large character patterns (5 × 10 dots, 32 patterns) from the 8-bit character code signals in the DDRAM. When the 8-bit character code corresponding to a character pattern in the CGROM is written in the DDRAM, the character pattern is displayed in the display position specified by the DDRAM address. Character codes 20 to 7F and A0 to FF are contained in the character code area in the CG ROM. Character codes 20 to 7F and A0 to DF are contained in the character code area for the 5 × 7-dot character patterns. Character codes E0 to FF are contained in the ROM area for 5 × 10-dot character patterns. The general character generator ROM codes are 51A/51B. The relationship between character codes and general purpose character patterns are indicated in Table 2. 18/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Character Generator RAM (CGRAM) The CGRAM is used to generate user-specific character patterns that are not in the CGROM. CGRAM (64 bytes = 512 bits) can store up to 8 small character patterns (5 × 8 dots) or up to 4 large character patterns (5 × 11 dots). When displaying a character pattern stored in the CGRAM, write an 8-bit character code (00 to 07 or 08 to 0F; hex.) assigned in Table 2 to the DDRAM. This enables outputting the character pattern to the LCD display position corresponding to the DDRAM address. The cursor or blink is also displayed even when a CGRAM or ABRAM address is set in the ADC. Therefore, the cursor or blink display should be inhibited while the ADC is holding a CGRAM or ABRAM address. The following describes how character patterns are written in and read from the CGRAM. 1) Small character patterns (5 × 8 dots) (See Table 3-1.) (1) A method of writing character patterns to the CGRAM from the CPU The three CGRAM address bit weights 0 to 2 select one of the lines constituting a character pattern. First, set the mode to increment or decrement from the CPU, and then input the CGRAM address. Write each line of the character pattern in the CGRAM through DB0 to DB7. The data lines DB0 to DB7 correspond to the CGRAM data bit weights 0 to 7, respectively (see Table 31). Input data “1” represents the ON status of an LCD dot and “0” represents the OFF status. Since the ADC is automatically incremented or decremented by 1 after the data is written to the CGRAM, it is not necessary to set the CGRAM address again. The bottom line of a character pattern (the CGRAM address bit weights 0 to 2 are all “1”, which means 7 in hexadecimal) is the cursor line. The ON/OFF pattern of this line is ORed with the cursor pattern for displaying on the LCD. Therefore, the pattern data for the cursor position should be all zeros to display the cursor. Whereas the data given by the CGRAM data bit weights 0 to 4 is output to the LCD as display data, the data given by the CGRAM data bit weights 5 to 7 is not. Therefore, the CGRAM data bit weights 5 to 7 can be used as a RAM area. (2) A method of displaying CGRAM character patterns on the LCD The CGRAM is selected when the higher-order 4 bits of a character code are all zeros. Since bit weight 3 of a character code is not used, the character pattern “0” in Table 3-1 can be selected using the character code “00” or “08” in hexadecimal. When the 8-bit character code corresponding to a character pattern in the CGRAM is written to the DDRAM, the character pattern is displayed in the display position specified by the DDRAM address. (The DDRAM data bit weights 0 to 2 correspond to the CGRAM address bit weights 3 to 5, respectively.) 19/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB 2) Large character patterns (5 × 11 dots) (See Table 3-2.) (1) A method of writing character patterns to the CGRAM from the CPU The four CGRAM address bit weights 0 to 3 select one of the lines constituting a character pattern. First, set the mode to increment or decrement from the CPU, and then input the CGRAM address. Write each line of the character pattern code in the CGRAM through DB0 to DB7. The data lines DB0 to DB7 correspond to the CGRAM data bit weights 0 to 7, respectively (see Table 32). Input data “1” represents the ON status of an LCD dot and “0” represents the OFF status. Since the ADC is automatically incremented or decremented by 1 after the data is written to the CGRAM, it is not necessary to set the CGRAM address again. The bottom line of a character pattern (the CGRAM address bit weights 0 to 3 are all “1”, which means A in hexadecimal) is a cursor line. The ON/OFF pattern of this line is ORed with the cursor pattern for displaying on the LCD. Therefore, the pattern data for the cursor position should be all zeros to display the cursor. Whereas CGRAM data bit weights 0 to 4 are output as display data to the LCD when CGRAM address bit weights 0 to 3 are “0” to “A” in hexadecimal, the data given by the CGRAM data bit weights 5 to 7 or the CGRAM addresses B to F in hexadecimal is not. These bits can be written and read as a RAM area. (2) A method of displaying CGRAM character patterns on the LCD The CGRAM is selected when the higher-order 4 bits of a character code are all zeros. Since bit weights 0 and 3 of a character code are not used, the character pattern “g” in Table 3-2 can be selected with a character code “02”, “03”, “0A” or “0B” in hexadecimal. When the 8-bit character code corresponding to a character pattern in the CGRAM is written to the DDRAM, the character pattern is displayed in the display position specified by the DDRAM address. (The DDRAM data bit weights 1 and 2 correspond to the CGRAM address bit weights 4 and 5, respectively.) 20/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Arbitrator RAM (ABRAM) The arbitrator RAM (ABRAM) stores arbitrator display data. 120 dots can be displayed in both 1-line and 2-line display modes. The arbitrator RAM has the addresses (hexadecimal) from “00” to “1F” and the valid display address area is from 00 to 23 (0H to 17H). The area of 24 to 31 (18H to 1FH) not used for display can be used as a data RAM area for general data. Even if the display is shifted by instruction, the arbitrator display is not shifted. A capacity of 8 bits by 32 addresses (= 256 bits) is available for data write. First set the mode to increment or decrement from the CPU, and then input the ABRAM address. Write Display-ON data in the ABRAM through DB0 to DB7. DB0 to DB7 correspond to the ABRAM data bit weights 0 to 7 respectively. Input data “1” represents the ON status of an LCD dot and “0” represents the OFF status. Since ADC is automatically incremented or decremented by 1 after the data is written to the ABRAM, it is not necessary to set the ABRAM address again. Whereas ABRAM data bit weights 0 to 4 are output as display data to the LCD, the ABRAM data bit weights 5 to 7 are not. These bits can be used as a RAM area. The cursor or blink is also displayed even when a CGRAM or ABRAM address is set in the ADC. Therefore, the cursor or blink display should be inhibited while the ADC is holding a CGRAM or ABRAM address. DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 ADC MSB LSB Hexadecimal Hexadecimal The arbitrator RAM can store a maximum of 120 dots of the arbitrator Display-ON data in units of 5 dots. The relationship with the LCD display positions is shown below. Configuration of input display data Input data DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 * * * Relationship between display-ON data and segment pins 5XSn+1 5XSn+5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0 * Don’t Care Display - ON data E4 E0 Sn = ABRAM address (0 to 23) 21/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor Table 2 ML9044A-xxA/xxB Relationship between Character Codes and Character Patterns of the ML9044A51A/51B (General Character Codes) The character code area in the CG ROM: Character codes 20H to 7FH, A0H to FFH. 5×7-dot ROM area: 20H to 7FH, A0H to DFH 5×10-dot ROM area: E0H to FFH The CG RAM area 00H: : Character codes 00H to FFH 08H: 20H: 28H: ( 30H: 0 38H: 8 40H: @ 48H: H 50H: P 21H: ! 29H: ) 31H: 1 39H: 9 41H: A 49H: I 51H: Q 22H: " 2AH: * 32H: 2 3AH: : 42H: B 4AH: J 52H: R 23H: # 2BH: + 33H: 3 3BH: ; 43H: C 4BH: K 53H: S 24H: $ 2CH: , 34H: 4 3CH: < 44H: D 4CH: L 54H: T 25H: % 2DH: - 35H: 5 3DH: = 45H: E 4DH: M 55H: U 26H: & 2EH: . 36H: 6 3EH: > 46H: F 4EH: N 56H: V 27H: ' 2FH: / 37H: 7 3FH: ? 47H: G 4FH: O 57H: W CG RAM(1) CG RAM(1) 01H: 09H: CG RAM(2) CG RAM(2) 02H: 0AH: CG RAM(3) CG RAM(3) 03H: 0BH: CG RAM(4) CG RAM(4) 04H: 0CH: CG RAM(5) CG RAM(5) 05H: 0DH: CG RAM(6) CG RAM(6) 06H: 0EH: CG RAM(7) CG RAM(7) 07H: 0FH: CG RAM(8) CG RAM(8) 22/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB 23/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB 24/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor Table 3-1 ML9044A-xxA/xxB Relationship between CGRAM address bits, CGRAM data bits (character pattern) and DDRAM data bits (character code) in 5 × 7 dot character mode. (Examples) CG RAM CG RAM data DD RAM data address (Character pattern) (Character code) 5 4 3 2 1 0 76543210 76543210 MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB 0 0 0 0 0 0 ××× 0 1 1 1 0 10001 0 0 1 10001 0 1 0 10001 0 1 1 1 0 0 10001 0000×000 10001 1 0 1 1 1 0 01110 1 1 1 00000 ××× 10001 0 0 1 0 0 0 10010 0 0 1 10100 0 1 0 11000 0 1 1 10100 0000×001 1 0 0 10010 1 0 1 1 1 0 10001 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 ××× 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000×111 ×: Don’t Care 25/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor Table 3-2 ML9044A-xxA/xxB Relationship between CGRAM address bits, CGRAM data bits (character pattern) and DDRAM data bits (character code) in 5 × 10 dot character mode (Examples) CG RAM address 543210 MSB LSB 000 00 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 010 00 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 CG RAM data DD RAM data (Character pattern) (Character code) 76543210 MSB LSB ××× 0 1 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 10 0 1 0 01 1 1 1 01 0 1 0 11 1 1 1 00 0 1 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 ××××× 76543210 MSB LSB ××× 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 01 1 1 1 10 0 0 1 10 0 0 1 10 0 0 1 01 1 1 1 00 0 0 1 00 0 0 1 01 1 1 0 00 0 0 0 ××××× 0 ××× 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ××××× 0000×00× 0000×01× 0000×11× ×: Don’t Care 26/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Cursor/Blink Control Circuit This circuit generates the cursor and blink of the LCD. The operation of this circuit is controlled by the program of the CPU. The cursor/blink display is carried out in the position corresponding to the DDRAM address set in the ADC (Address Counter). For example, when the ADC stores a value of “07” (hexadecimal), the cursor or blink is displayed as follows: DB6 ADC 0 DB0 0 0 0 0 Digit 1 2 In 1-line display mode 1 1 1 7 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 23 24 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 16 17 Cursor/blink position Digit 1 2 In 2-line display mode 9 23 24 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 16 17 Second line 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 56 57 First line 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cursor/blink position Note: The cursor or blink is also displayed even when a CGRAM or ABRAM address is set in the ADC. Therefore, the cursor or blink display should be inhibited while the ADC is holding a CGRAM or ABRAM address. 27/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB LCD Display Circuit (COM1 to COM17, SEG1 to SEG120, SSR and CSR) The ML9044A has 17 common signal outputs and 120 segment signal outputs to display 24 characters (in the 1line display mode) or 48 characters (in the 2-line display mode). The character pattern is converted into serial data and transferred in series through the shift register. The transfer direction of serial data is determined by the SSR pin. The shift direction of common signals is determined by the CSR pin. The following tables show the transfer and shift directions: SSR Transfer direction L SEG1 → SEG120 H SEG120 → SEG1 CSR duty AS bit Shift Direction Arbitrator’s common pin L 1/9 L COM1 → COM9 COM9 L 1/9 H COM1 → COM9 COM1 L 1/12 L COM1 → COM12 COM12 L 1/12 H COM1 → COM12 COM1 L 1/17 L COM1 → COM17 COM17 L 1/17 H COM1 → COM17 COM1 H 1/9 L COM9 → COM1 COM1 H 1/9 H COM9 → COM1 COM9 H 1/12 L COM12 → COM1 COM1 H 1/12 H COM12 → COM1 COM12 H 1/17 L COM17 → COM1 COM1 H 1/17 H COM17 → COM1 COM17 * Refer to the Expansion Instruction Codes section about the AS bit. Signals to be input to the SSR and CSR pins should be determined at power-on and be kept unchanged. 28/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Built-in Reset Circuit The ML9044A is automatically initialized when the power is turned on. During initialization, the Busy Flag (BF) is “1” and the ML9044A does not accept any instruction from the CPU (other than the Read BF instruction). The Busy Flag is “1” for about 15 ms after the VDD becomes 2.7 V or higher. During this initialization, the ML9044A performs the following instructions: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) Display clearing CPU interface data length = 8 bits 1-line LCD display Font size = 5 × 7 dots ADC counting = Increment Display shifting = None Display = Off Cursor = Off Blinking = Off Arbitrator = Displayed in the lower line Setting 1FH (hexadecimal) to the Contrast Data (DL = “1”) (N = “0”) (F = “0”) (I/D = “1”) (S = “0”) (D = “0”) (C = “0”) (B = “0”) (AS = “0”) To use the built-in reset circuit, the power supply conditions shown below should be satisfied. Otherwise, the built-in reset circuit may not work properly. In such a case, initialize the ML9044A with the instructions from the CPU. The use of a battery always requires such initialization from the CPU. (See “Initial Setting of Instructions”) 2.7 V 0.2 V 0.2 V tON 0.2 V tOFF 0.1 ms ≤ tON ≤100 ms 1 ms ≤ tOFF Figure 1 Power-on and Power-off Waveform 29/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB I/F with CPU Parallel interface mode The ML9044A can transfer either 8 bits once or 4 bits twice on the data bus for interfacing with any 8-bit or 4-bit microcontroller (CPU). 1) 8-bit interface data length The ML9044A uses all of the 8 data bus lines DB0 to DB7 at a time to transfer data to and from the CPU. 2) 4-bit interface data length The ML9044A uses only the higher-order 4 data bus lines DB4 to DB7 twice to transfer 8-bit data to and from the CPU. The ML9044A first transfers the higher-order 4 bits of 8-bit data (DB4 to DB7 in the case of 8-bit interface data length) and then the lower-order 4 bits of the data (DB0 to DB3 in the case of 8-bit interface data length). The lower-order 4 bits of data should always be transferred even when only the transfer of the higher-order 4 bits of data is required. (Example: Reading the Busy Flag) Two transfers of 4 bits of data complete the transfer of a set of 8-bit data. Therefore, when only one access is made, the following data transfer cannot be completed properly. 30/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB RS1 RS0 R/W E Busy (Internal operation) No Busy DR7 IR6 ADC6 DR6 DB5 IR5 ADC5 DR5 DB4 IR4 ADC4 DR4 DB3 IR3 ADC3 DR3 DB2 IR2 ADC2 DR2 DB1 IR1 ADC1 DR1 DB0 IR0 ADC0 DR0 DB7 IR7 DB6 Writing In IR (Instruction Register) Busy Reading BF (Busy Flag) and ADC (Address Counter) Writing In DR (Data Register) Figure 2 8-Bit Data Transfer RS1 RS0 R/W E Busy (Internal operation) DB7 No Busy ADC3 DR7 DR3 IR2 ADC6 ADC2 DR6 DR2 IR5 IR1 ADC5 ADC1 DR5 DR1 IR4 IR0 ADC4 ADC0 DR4 DR0 IR7 IR3 DB6 IR6 DB5 DB4 Writing In IR (Instruction Register) Busy Reading BF (Busy Flag) and ADC (Address Counter) Writing In DR (Data Register) Figure 3 4-Bit Data Transfer 31/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Serial Interface Mode In the Serial I/F Mode, the ML9044A interfaces with the CPU via the CS, SHT, SI and SO pins. Writing and reading operations are executed in units of 16 bits after the CS signal falls down. If the CS signal rises up before the completion of 16-bit unit access, this access is ignored. When the BF bit is “1”, the ML9044A cannot accept any other instructions. Before inputting a new instruction, check that the BF bit is “0”. Any access when the BF bit is “1” is ignored. Data format is LSB-first. Examples of Access in the Serial I/F Mode 1) WRITE MODE CS 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1 1 R/W 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1 R/W 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 SHT BUSY (Internal operation) SI RS0 RS1 D0 7 9 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 1 SO 2) READ MODE CS 8 10 11 12 13 15 14 16 1 SHT BUSY (Internal operation) SI SO 1 RS0 RS1 1 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Note 1: Higher 5 bits of each instruction must be input at a “H” level. Note 2: Lower 8 bits are “don’t care” when the instructions in the READ MODE are set. Note 3: After one instruction is input, the next instruction must be input after the CS pin is pulled at a “H” level. 32/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Instruction Codes Table of Instruction Codes Code Instruction RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 Display Clear 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Cursor Home 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 X Entry Mode Setting 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I/D S Display 1 ON/OFF Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D C B Cursor/Display Shift 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 X X Function Setting 1 0 0 0 0 1 DL X X CGRAM Address Setting 1 0 0 0 1 DDRAM Address Setting 1 0 0 1 ADD Busy Flag/ Address Read 1 0 1 BF ADC RAM Data Write 1 1 0 WRITE DATA RAM Data Read 1 1 1 READ DATA 0 0 Arbitrator 0 Display Line Set Contrast Control 0 Data Write Contrast Control 0 Data Read 0 0 S/C R/L N F ACG 0 0 0 0 1 Function Execution Time f = 270 kHz Clears all the displayed digits of the LCD and sets the DDRAM address 0 in 1.52 ms the address counter. The arbitrator data is cleared. Sets the DDRAM address 0 in the address counter and shifts the display 1.52 ms back to the original. The content of the DDRAM remains unchanged. Determines the direction of movement of the cursor and whether or not to shift 37 µs the display. This instruction is executed when data is written or read. Sets LCD display ON/OFF (D), cursor ON/OFF or cursor-position character 37 µs blinking ON/OFF. Moves the cursor or shifts the display 37 µs without changing the content of the DDRAM. Sets the interface data length (DL), the 37 µs number of display lines (N) or the type of character font (F). Sets on CGRAM address. After that, CGRAM data is transferred to and from 37 µs the CPU. Sets a DDRAM address. After that, 37 µs DDRAM data is transferred to and from the CPU. Reads the Busy Flag (indicating that 0 µs the ML9044A is operating) and the content of the address counter. Writes data in DDRAM, ABRAM or 37 µs CGRAM. Reads data from DDRAM, ABRAM or 37 µs CGRAM. AS Sets the arbitrator display line. 37 µs Writes data to control the contrast of 37 µs the LCD. Reads data to control the contrast of 0 1 0 0 0 37 µs the LCD. Sets an ABRAM address. After that, ABRAM 0 0 0 0 1 1 AAB 37 µs ABRAM data is transferred to and from Address Setting the CPU. I/D = “1” (Increment) I/D = “0” (Decrement) The DD RAM: Display data RAM S = “1” (Shifts the display.) CG RAM: Character generator RAM execution S/C = “1” (Shifts display.) S/C = “0” (Moves the cursor.) time is ABRAM: Arbitrator data RAM R/L = “1” (Right shift) R/L = “0” (Left shift) dependent ACG: CGRAM address D/L = “1” (8-bit data) DL = “0” (4-bit data) upon ADD: DDRAM address N = “1” (2 lines) N = “0” (1 line) frequen(Corresponds to the cursor cies. F = “1” (5 x 10 dots) F = “0” (5 x 7 dots) address) — BF = “1” (Busy) BF = “0” (Ready to accept an instruction) AAB: ABRAM address B = “1” (Enables blinking) ADC: Address counter (Used by C = “1” (Displays the cursor.) DDRAM, ABRAM and D = “1” (Displays a character pattern.) CGRAM) AS = “1” (Arbitrator Displays AS = “0” (Arbitrator Displays arbitrator on the arbitrator on the upper line) lower line) ×: Don't Care 0 0 0 0 1 WRITE (Contrast Data) DATA READ (Contrast Data) DATA 33/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Instruction Codes An instruction code is a signal sent from the CPU to access the ML9044A. The ML9044A starts operation as instructed by the code received. The busy status of the ML9044A is rather longer than the cycle time of the CPU, since the internal processing of the ML9044A starts at a timing which does not affect the display on the LCD. In the busy status (Busy Flag is “1”), the ML9044A cannot input the Busy Flag Read instruction only. Therefore, the CPU should ensure that the Busy Flag is “0” before sending an instruction code to the ML9044A. 1) Display Clear Instruction Code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 When this instruction is executed, the LCD display including arbitrator display is cleared and the I/D entry mode is set to “Increment”. The value of “S” (Display shifting) remains unchanged. The position of the cursor or blink being displayed moves to the left end of the LCD (or the left end of the line 1 in the 2-line display mode). Note: All DDRAM and ABRAM data turn to “20” and “00” in hexadecimal, respectively. The value of the address counter (ADC) turns to the one corresponding to the address “00” (hexadecimal) of the DDRAM. The execution time of this instruction is 1.52 ms (maximum) at an oscillation frequency of 270 kHz. 2) Cursor Home Instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 × ×: Don’t Care When this instruction is executed, the cursor or blink position moves to the left end of the LCD (or the left end of line 1 in the 2-line display mode). If the display has been shifted, the display returns to the original display position before shifting. Note: The value of the address counter (ADC) goes to the one corresponding to the address “00” (hexadecimal) of the DDRAM). The execution time of this instruction is 1.52 ms (maximum) at an oscillation frequency of 270 kHz. 34/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB 3) Entry Mode Setting Instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I/D S (1) When the I/D is set, the cursor or blink shifts to the right by 1 character position (ID= “1”; increment) or to the left by 1 character position (I/D= “0”; decrement) after an 8-bit character code is written to or read from the DDRAM. At the same time, the address counter (ADC) is also incremented by 1 (when I/D = “1”; increment) or decremented by 1 (when I/D = “0”; decrement). After a character pattern is written to or read from the CGRAM, the address counter (ADC) is incremented by 1 (when I/D = “1”; increment) or decremented by 1 (when I/D = “0”; decrement). Also after data is written to or read from the ABRAM, the address counter (ADC) is incremented by 1 (when I/D = “1”; increment) or decremented by 1 (when I/D = “0”; decrement). (2) When S = “1”, the cursor or blink stops and the entire display shifts to the left (I/D = “1”) or to the right (I/D = “0”) by 1 character position after a character code is written to the DDRAM. In the case of S = “1”, when a character code is read from the DDRAM, when a character pattern is written to or read from the CGRAM or when data is written to or read from the ABRAM, normal read/write is carried out without shifting of the entire display. (The entire display does not shift, but the cursor or blink shifts to the right (I/D = “1”) or to the left (I/D = “0”) by 1 character position.) When S = “0”, the display does not shift, but normal write/read is performed. Note: The execution time of this instruction is 37 µs (maximum) at an oscillation frequency of 270 kHz. 4) Display ON/OFF Control Instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D C B (1) The “D” bit (DB2) of this instruction determines whether or not to display character patterns on the LCD. When the “D” bit is “1”, character patterns are displayed on the LCD. When the “D” bit is “0”, character patterns are not displayed on the LCD and the cursor/blinking also disappear. Note: Unlike the Display Clear instruction, this instruction does not change the character code in the DDRAM and ABRAM. (2) When the “C” bit (DB1) is “0”, the cursor turns off. When both the “C” and “D” bits are “1”, the cursor turns on. (3) When the “B” bit (DB0) is “0”, blinking is canceled. When both the “B” and “D” bits are “1”, blinking is performed. In the Blinking mode, all dots including those of the cursor, the character pattern and the cursor are alternately displayed. Note: The execution time of this instruction is 37 µs (maximum) at an oscillation frequency of 270 kHz. 35/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB 5) Cursor/Display Shift Instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 S/C R/L × × ×: Don’t Care S/C = “0”, R/L = “0” This instruction shifts left the cursor and blink positions by 1 (decrements the content of the ADC by 1). This instruction shifts right the cursor and blink positions by 1 (increments the content of the ADC by 1). This instruction shifts left the entire display by 1 character position. The cursor and blink positions move to the left together with the entire display. The Arbitrator display is not shifted. (The content of the ADC remains unchanged.) This instruction shifts right the entire display by 1 character position. The cursor and blink positions move to the right together with the entire display. The Arbitrator display is not shifted. (The content of the ADC remains unchanged.) S/C = “0”, R/L = “1” S/C = “1”, R/L = “0” S/C = “1”, R/L = “1” In the 2-line mode, the cursor or blink moves from the first line to the second line when the cursor at digit 40 (27; hex) of the first line is shifted right. When the entire display is shifted, the character pattern, cursor or blink will not move between the lines (from line 1 to line 2 or vice versa). The execution time of this instruction is 37 µs at an oscillation frequency (OSC) of 270 kHz. Note: 6) Function Setting Instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 0 0 0 0 1 DL N F × × ×: Don’t Care (1) When the “DL” bit (DB4) of this instruction is “1”, the data transfer to and from the CPU is performed once by the use of 8 bits DB7 to DB0. When the “DL” bit (DB4) of this instruction is “0”, the data transfer to and from the CPU is performed twice by the use of 4 bits DB7 to DB4. (2) The 2-line display mode is selected when the “N” bit (DB3) of this instruction is “1”. The 1-line display mode is selected when the “N” bit is “0”. (3) The character font represented by 5 × 7 dots is selected when the “F” bit (DB2) of this instruction is “1”. The character font represented by 5 × 10 dots is selected when the “F” bit is “1” and the “N” bit is “0”. After the ML9044A is powered on, this function setting should be carried out before execution of any instruction except the Busy Flag Read. After this function setting, no instructions other than the DL Set instruction can be executed. In the Serial I/F Mode, DL setting is ignored. N F Number of display lines 0 0 1 5×7 1/9 4 9 0 1 1 5 × 10 1/12 4 12 1 0 2 5×7 1/17 5 17 1 1 2 5×7 1/17 5 17 Note: Font size Duty Number of biases Number of common signals The execution time of this instruction is 37 µs at an oscillation frequency (OSC) of 270 kHz. 36/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB 7) CGRAM Address Setting Instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 0 0 0 1 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 This instruction sets the CGRAM address to the data represented by the bits C5 to C0 (binary). The CGRAM addresses are valid until DDRAM or ABRAM addresses are set. The CPU writes or reads character patterns starting from the one represented by the CGRAM address bits C5 to C0 set in the instruction code at that time. Note: The execution time of this instruction is 37 µs at an oscillation frequency (OSC) of 270 kHz. 8) DDRAM Address Setting RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 0 0 1 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Instruction code: This instruction sets the DDRAM address to the data represented by the bits D6 to D0 (binary). The DDRAM addresses are valid until CGRAM or ABRAM addresses are set. The CPU writes or reads character codes starting from the one represented by the DDRAM address bits D6 to D0 set in the instruction code at that time. In the 1-line mode (the “N” bit is “0”), the DDRAM address represented by bits D6 to D0 (binary) should be in the range “00” to “4F” in hexadecimal. In the 2-line mode (the “N” bit is “1”), the DDRAM address represented by bits D6 to D0 (binary) should be in the range “00” to “27” or “40” to “67” in hexadecimal. If an address other than above is input, the ML9044A cannot properly write a character code in or read it from the DDRAM. Note: The execution time of this instruction is 37 µs at an oscillation frequency (OSC) of 270 kHz. 9) DDRAM/ABRAM/CGRAM Data Write Instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 1 0 E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0 A character code (E7 to E0) is written to the DDRAM, Display-ON data (E7 to E0) to the ABRAM or a character pattern (E7 to E0) to the CGRAM. The DDRAM, ABRAM or CGRAM is selected at the preceding address setting. After data is written, the address counter (ADC) is incremented or decremented as set by the Entry Mode Setting instruction (see 3). Note: The execution time of this instruction is 37 µs at an oscillation frequency (OSC) of 270 kHz. 37/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB 10) Busy Flag/Address Counter Read (Execution time: 0 µs) Instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 0 1 BF O6 O5 O4 O3 O2 O1 O0 The “BF” bit (DB7) of this instruction tells whether the ML9044A is busy in internal operation (BF = “1”) or not (BF = “0”). When the “BF” bit is “1”, the ML9044A cannot accept any other instructions. Before inputting a new instruction, check that the “BF” bit is “0”. When the “BF” bit is “0”, the ML9044A outputs the correct value of the address counter. The value of the address counter is equal to the DDRAM, ABRAM or CGRAM address. Which of the DDRAM, ABRAM and CGRAM addresses is set in the counter is determined by the preceding address setting. When the “BF” bit is “1”, the value of the address counter is not always correct because it may have been incremented or decremented by 1 during internal operation. 11) DDRAM/ABRAM/CGRAM Data Read Instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 1 1 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 P0 A character code (P7 to P0) is read from the DDRAM, Display-ON data (P7 to P0) from the ABRAM or a character pattern (P7 to P0) from the CGRAM. The DDRAM, ABRAM or CGRAM is selected at the preceding address setting. After data is read, the address counter (ADC) is incremented or decremented as set by the Entry Mode Setting instruction (see 3). Note: Conditions for reading correct data (1) The DDRAM, ABRAM or CGRAM Setting instruction is input before this data read instruction is input. (2) When reading a character code from the DDRAM, the Cursor/Display Shift instruction (see 5) is input before this Data Read instruction is input. (3) When two or more consecutive RAM Data Read instructions are executed, the following read data is correct. Correct data is not output under conditions other than the cases (1), (2) and (3) above. Note: The execution time of this instruction is 37 µs at an oscillation frequency (OSC) of 270 kHz. 38/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Expansion Instruction Codes The busy status of the ML9044A is rather longer than the cycle time of the CPU, since the internal processing of the ML9044A starts at a timing which does not affect the display on the LCD. In the busy status (Busy Flag is “1”), the ML9044A executes the Busy Flag Read instruction only. Therefore, the CPU should ensure that the Busy Flag is “0” before sending an expansion instruction code to the ML9044A. 1) Arbitrator Display Line Set Expansion instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 AS This expansion instruction code sets the Arbitrator display line. The relationship between the status of this bit and the common outputs is as follows: For display examples, refer to LCD Drive Waveforms section. CSR duty AS bit Shift direction Arbitrator’s common pin L 1/9 L COM1→COM9 COM9 L 1/9 H COM1→COM9 COM1 L 1/12 L COM1→COM12 COM12 L 1/12 H COM1→COM12 COM1 L 1/17 L COM1→COM17 COM17 L 1/17 H COM1→COM17 COM1 H 1/9 L COM9→COM1 COM1 H 1/9 H COM9→COM1 COM9 H 1/12 L COM12→COM1 COM1 H 1/12 H COM12→COM1 COM12 H 1/17 L COM17→COM1 COM1 H 1/17 H COM17→COM1 COM17 Note: The execution time of this instruction is 37 µs at an oscillation frequency (OSC) of 270 kHz. 2) Contrast Adjusting Data Write Expansion instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 0 0 0 0 0 1 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0 This instruction writes contrast adjusting data (F4 to F0) to the contrast register. After contrast adjusting data is written in the register, the potential (VLCD) output to the V5 pin varies according to the data written. The VLCD becomes maximum when the content of the contrast register is “1F” (hexadecimal) and becomes minimum when it is “00” (hexadecimal). Note: The execution time of this instruction is 37 µs at an oscillation frequency (OSC) of 270 kHz. 39/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB 3) Contrast Adjusting Data Read Expansion instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 0 0 1 0 0 0 G4 G3 G2 G1 G0 This instruction reads contrast adjusting data (G4 to G0) from the contrast register. Note: The execution time of this instruction is 37 µs at an oscillation frequency (OSC) of 270 kHz. 4) ABRAM Address Setting Expansion instruction code: RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 0 0 1 0 1 1 H4 H3 H2 H1 H0 This instruction sets the ABRAM address to the data represented by the bits H4 to H0 (binary). The ABRAM addresses are valid until CGRAM or DDRAM addresses are set. The CPU writes or reads the Display-ON data starting from the one represented by the ABRAM address bits H4 to H0 set in the instruction code at that time. When the ABRAM address represented by bits H4 to H0 (binary) is in the range “00” to “17” in hexadecimal, data is output to the LCD as the arbitrator. Note: The execution time of this instruction is 37 µs at an oscillation frequency (OSC) of 270 kHz. 40/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Examples of Combinations of ML9044A and LCD Panel (1) Driving the LCD of one 24-character line under the conditions of the 1-line display mode and the character font of 5 × 7 dots (1/9 duty, AS = “0”, CSR = “L”, SSR = “H”) COM1 Character COM8 COM9 Cursor Arbitrator SEG120 SEG1 ML9044A • COM10 to COM17 output Display-OFF common signals. (1/9 duty, AS = “1”, CSR = “L”, SSR = “H”) COM1 COM2 Arbitrator Character Cursor COM9 SEG120 SEG1 ML9044A • COM10 to COM17 output Display-OFF common signals. 41/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB (1/9 duty, AS = “0”, CSR = “H”, SSR = “L”) ML9044A SEG1 SEG120 COM9 Character COM2 COM1 Cursor Arbitrator • COM10 to COM17 output Display-OFF common signals. (1/9 duty, AS = “1”, CSR = “H”, SSR = “L”) ML9044A SEG1 Arbitrator SEG120 COM9 COM8 Character Cursor COM1 • COM10 to COM17 output Display-OFF common signals. 42/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB (2) Driving the LCD of one 24-character line under the conditions of the 1-line display mode and the character font of 5 × 10 dots (1/12 duty, AS = “0”, CSR = “L”, SSR = “H”) COM1 Character COM11 COM12 Cursor Arbitrator SEG120 SEG1 ML9044A • COM13 to COM17 output Display-OFF common signals. (1/12 duty, AS = “1”, CSR = “L”, SSR = “H”) COM1 COM2 Arbitrator Character Cursor COM12 SEG120 SEG1 ML9044A • COM13 to COM17 output Display-OFF common signals. 43/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB (1/12 duty, AS = “0”, CSR = “H”, SSR = “L”) ML9044A SEG1 SEG120 COM12 Character COM2 COM1 Cursor Arbitrator • COM13 to COM17 output Display-OFF common signals. (1/12 duty, AS = “1”, CSR = “H”, SSR = “L”) ML9044A SEG1 Arbitrator SEG120 COM12 COM11 Character Cursor COM1 • COM13 to COM17 output Display-OFF common signals. 44/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB (3) Driving the LCD of two 24-character lines under the conditions of the 2-line display mode and the character font of 5 × 7 dots (1/17 duty, AS = “0”, CSR = “L”, SSR = “H”) COM1 Character COM8 Cursor COM9 Character COM16 COM17 Cursor Arbitrator SEG120 SEG1 ML9044A (1/17 duty, AS = “1”, CSR = “L”, SSR = “H”) COM1 COM2 Arbitrator Character COM9 Cursor COM10 Character COM17 Cursor SEG120 SEG1 ML9044A 45/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB (1/17 duty, AS = “0”, CSR = “H”, SSR = “L”) ML9044A SEG1 SEG120 COM17 Character Cursor COM10 COM9 Character Cursor Arbitrator COM2 COM1 (1/17 duty, AS = “1”, CSR = “H”, SSR = “L”) ML9044A SEG1 Arbitrator SEG120 COM17 COM16 Character Cursor COM9 COM8 Character Cursor COM1 46/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB EXAMPLES OF VLCD GENERATION CIRCUITS • With 1/4bias, a built-in contrast adjusting circuit and a voltage multiplier VDD V1 V2 V3A V3B V4 ML9044A V5 V5IN VC VCC VIN BE • With 1/4 bias, a built-in contrast adjusting circuit and the V5 level input from an external circuit ML9044A Reference potential for voltage multiplier • With 1/4 bias, no built-in contrast adjusting circuit and the V5 level input from an external circuit VDD V1 V2 V3A VDD V1 V2 V3A V3B V4 V5 V5IN V3B V4 V5 V5IN ML9044A V5 level VC VCC VC VCC VIN VIN BE BE V5 level 47/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB • With 1/5 bias, a built-in contrast adjusting circuit and a voltage multiplier VDD V1 V2 V3A V3B V4 ML9044A V5 V5IN VC VCC VIN BE • With 1/5 bias, a built-in contrast adjusting circuit and the V5 level input from an external circuit ML9044A Reference potential for voltage multiplier • With 1/5 bias, no built-in contrast adjusting circuit and the V5 level input from an external circuit VDD V1 V2 V3A VDD V1 V2 V3A V3B V4 V5 V5IN V3B V4 V5 V5IN ML9044A V5 level VC VCC VC VCC VIN VIN BE BE V5 level 48/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB LCD Drive Waveforms The COM and SEG waveforms (AC signal waveforms for display) vary according to the duty (1/9, 1/12 and 1/17 duties). See 1) to 3) below. The relationship between the duty ratio and the frame frequency is as follows: Note: Duty ratio Frame Frequency 1/9 75.0 Hz 1/12 56.3 Hz 1/17 79.4 Hz At an oscillation frequency (OSC) of 270 kHz 1) COM and SEG Waveforms on 1/9 Duty CSR = “H” 2 1 9 8 7 6 ··· 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 ··· 3 2 1 9 8 COM1 (CSR = “L”, AS = “L”) COM2 (CSR = “L”, AS = “H”) COM9 (CSR = “H”, AS = “L”) COM8 (CSR = “H”, AS = “H”) (first character line) CSR = “L” 8 9 1 2 3 4 ··· 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 ··· 7 8 9 1 2 VDD V1 V2, V3B V4 V5 1 frame COM2 (CSR = “L”, AS = “L”) COM3 (CSR = “L”, AS = “H”) COM8 (CSR = “H”, AS = “L”) COM7 (CSR = “H”, AS = “H”) (second character line) VDD V1 V2, V3B V4 V5 COM8 (CSR = “L”, AS = “L”) COM9 (CSR = “L”, AS = “H”) COM2 (CSR = “H”, AS = “L”) COM1 (CSR = “H”, AS = “H”) (cursor line) VDD V1 V2, V3B V4 V5 COM9 (CSR = “L”, AS = “L”) COM1 (CSR = “L”, AS = “H”) COM1 (CSR = “H”, AS = “L”) COM9 (CSR = “H”, AS = “H”) (arbitrator line) VDD V1 V2, V3B V4 V5 COM10 to COM17 VDD V1 V2, V3B V4 V5 Display turning-off waveform SEG VDD V1 V2, V3B V4 V5 Display turning-on waveform 49/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB 2) COM and SEG Waveforms on 1/12 Duty CSR = “H” 2 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 ··· 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 ··· COM1 (CSR = “L”, AS = “L”) COM2 (CSR = “L”, AS = “H”) COM12 (CSR = “H”, AS = “L”) COM11 (CSR = “H”, AS = “H”) (first character line) CSR = “L” 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 ··· 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 ··· VDD V1 V2, V3B V4 V5 1 frame COM2 (CSR = “L”, AS = “L”) COM3 (CSR = “L”, AS = “H”) COM11 (CSR = “H”, AS = “L”) COM10 (CSR = “H”, AS = “H”) (second character line) VDD V1 V2, V3B V4 V5 COM11 (CSR = “L”, AS = “L”) COM12 (CSR = “L”, AS = “H”) COM2 (CSR = “H”, AS = “L”) COM1 (CSR = “H”, AS = “H”) (cursor line) VDD V1 V2, V3B V4 V5 COM12 (CSR = “L”, AS = “L”) COM1 (CSR = “L”, AS = “H”) COM1 (CSR = “H”, AS = “L”) COM12 (CSR = “H”, AS = “H”) (arbitrator line) VDD V1 V2, V3B V4 V5 COM13 to COM17 VDD V1 V2, V3B V4 V5 Display turning-off waveform SEG VDD V1 V2, V3B V4 V5 Display turning-on waveform 50/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB 3) COM and SEG Waveforms on 1/17 Duty CSR = “H” 2 1 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 ··· 2 1 17 16 15 14 COM1 (CSR = “L”, AS = “L”) COM2 (CSR = “L”, AS = “H”) COM17 (CSR = “H”, AS = “L”) COM16 (CSR = “H”, AS = “H”) (first character line) COM2 (CSR = “L”, AS = “L”) COM3 (CSR = “L”, AS = “H”) COM16 (CSR = “H”, AS = “L”) COM15 (CSR = “H”, AS = “H”) (second character line) COM16 (CSR = “L”, AS = “L”) COM17 (CSR = “L”, AS = “H”) COM2 (CSR = “H”, AS = “L”) COM1 (CSR = “H”, AS = “H”) (cursor line) COM17 (CSR = “L”, AS = “L”) COM1 (CSR = “L”, AS = “H”) COM1 (CSR = “H”, AS = “L”) COM17 (CSR = “H”, AS = “H”) (arbitrator line) CSR = “L” 16 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ··· 16 17 1 2 3 4 VDD V1 V2 V3A (V3B) V4 V5 1 frame VDD V1 V2 V3A (V3B) V4 V5 VDD V1 V2 V3A (V3B) V4 V5 VDD V1 V2 V3A (V3B) V4 V5 Display turning-off waveform SEG VDD V1 V2 V3A (V3B) V4 V5 Display turning-on waveform 51/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Initial Setting of Instructions (a) Data transfer from and to the CPU using 8 bits of DB0 to DB7 1) Turn on the power. 2) Wait for 15 ms or more after VDD has reached 2.7 V or higher. 3) Set “8 bits” with the Function Setting instruction. 4) Wait for 4.1 ms or more. 5) Set “8 bits” with the Function Setting instruction. 6) Wait for 100 µs or more. 7) Set “8 bits” with the Function Setting instruction. 8) Check the Busy Flag for No Busy (or wait for 100 µs or more). 9) Set “8 bits”, “Number of LCD lines” and “Font size” with the Function Setting instruction. (After this, the number of LCD lines and the font size cannot be changed.) 10) Check the Busy Flag for No Busy. 11) Execute the Display ON/OFF Control Instruction, Display Clear Instruction, Entry Mode Setting instruction and Arbitrator Display Line Setting Instruction. 12) Check the Busy Flag for No Busy. 13) Initialization is completed. An example of instruction code for 3), 5) and 7) RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 × × × × ×: Don’t Care (b) Data transfer from and to the CPU using 4 bits of DB4 to DB7 1) Turn on the power. 2) Wait for 15 ms or more after VDD has reached 2.7 V or higher. 3) Set “8 bits” with the Function Setting instruction. 4) Wait for 4.1 ms or more. 5) Set “8 bits” with the Function Setting instruction. 6) Wait for 100 µs or more. 7) Set “8 bits” with the Function Setting instruction. 8) Check the Busy Flag for No Busy (or wait for 100 µs or longer). 9) Set “4 bits” with the Function Setting instruction. 10) Wait for 100 µs or longer. 11) Set “4 bits”, “Number of LCD lines” and “Font size” with the Function Setting instruction. (After this, the number of LCD lines and the font size cannot be changed.) 12) Check the Busy Flag for No Busy. 13) Execute the Display ON/OFF Control Instruction, Display Clear Instruction, Entry Mode Setting instruction and Arbitrator Display Line Setting Instruction. 14) Check the Busy Flag for No Busy. 15) Initialization is completed. An example of instruction code for 3), 5) and 7) RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 52/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB An example of instruction code for 9) RS1 RS0 R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 *: From 11), input data twice by the use of 4-bit data. *: In 13), check the Busy Flag for No Busy before executing each instruction. (c) Data transfer from and to the CPU using the serial I/F 1) Turn on the power. 2) Wait for 15 ms or more after VDD has reached 2.7 V or higher. 3) Check the busy flag for No Busy. 4) Set “Number of LCD lines” and “Font size” with the Function Setting Instruction.(After this, the number of LCD lines and the font size cannot be changed.) 5) Check the busy flag for No Busy. 6) Execute the Display ON/OFF Control Instruction, the Display Clear Instruction, the Entry Mode Instruction and the Arbitrator Display Line Setting Instruction. 7) Check the busy flag for No Busy. 8) Initialization is completed. *: In 6), check the Busy Flag for No Busy before executing each instruction. 53/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB ML9044A-xxA CVWA PAD CONFIGURATION Pad Layout 10.62 × 2.55 mm 625±20 µm 72 × 72 µm (PAD No. 1-62, 183-189) 54 × 96 µm (PAD No. 63-182) Chip Size: Chip Thickness: Bump Size (1): Bump Size (2): Y 182 63 62 183 X 189 56 1 55 Pad Coordinates Pad Symbol X (µm) Y (µm) Pad Symbol X (µm) Y (µm) 1 V1 –5103 –1100 21 DB3 –1323 –1100 2 V2 –4914 –1100 22 DB2 –1134 –1100 3 V3A –4725 –1100 23 DB1 –945 –1100 4 V3B –4536 –1100 24 DB0 –756 –1100 5 V4 –4347 –1100 25 E –567 –1100 6 V5 –4158 –1100 26 R/W –378 –1100 7 V5IN –3969 –1100 27 RS0 –189 –1100 8 VCC –3780 –1100 28 RS1 0 –1100 9 VC –3591 –1100 29 SO 189 –1100 10 VlN –3402 –1100 30 Sl 378 –1100 11 BE –3213 –1100 31 SHT 567 –1100 12 VDD –3024 –1100 32 CS 756 –1100 13 CSR –2835 –1100 33 OSC2 945 –1100 14 SSR –2646 –1100 34 OSCR 1134 –1100 15 S/P –2457 –1100 35 OSC1 1323 –1100 16 VSS –2268 –1100 36 T3 1512 –1100 17 DB7 –2079 –1100 37 T2 1701 –1100 18 DB6 –1890 –1100 38 T1 1890 –1100 19 DB5 –1701 –1100 39 COM1 2079 –1100 20 DB4 –1512 –1100 40 COM2 2268 –1100 54/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Pad Symbol X (µm) Y (µm) Pad Symbol X (µm) Y (µm) 41 COM3 2457 –1100 81 SEG102 3486 1088 42 COM4 2646 –1100 82 SEG101 3402 1088 43 COM5 2835 –1100 83 SEG100 3318 1088 44 COM6 3024 –1100 84 SEG99 3234 1088 45 COM7 3213 –1100 85 SEG98 3150 1088 46 COM8 3402 –1100 86 SEG97 3066 1088 47 COM9 3591 –1100 87 SEG96 2982 1088 48 COM10 3780 –1100 88 SEG95 2898 1088 49 COM11 3969 –1100 89 SEG94 2814 1088 50 COM12 4158 –1100 90 SEG93 2730 1088 51 COM13 4347 –1100 91 SEG92 2646 1088 52 COM14 4536 –1100 92 SEG91 2562 1088 53 COM15 4725 –1100 93 SEG90 2478 1088 54 COM16 4914 –1100 94 SEG89 2394 1088 55 COM17 5103 –1100 95 SEG88 2310 1088 56 DUMMY 5184 –720 96 SEG87 2226 1088 57 DUMMY 5184 –480 97 SEG86 2142 1088 58 DUMMY 5184 –240 98 SEG85 2058 1088 59 DUMMY 5184 0 99 SEG84 1974 1088 60 DUMMY 5184 240 100 SEG83 1890 1088 61 DUMMY 5184 480 101 SEG82 1806 1088 62 DUMMY 5184 720 102 SEG81 1722 1088 63 SEG120 4998 1088 103 SEG80 1638 1088 64 SEG119 4914 1088 104 SEG79 1554 1088 65 SEG118 4830 1088 105 SEG78 1470 1088 66 SEG117 4746 1088 106 SEG77 1386 1088 67 SEG116 4662 1088 107 SEG76 1302 1088 68 SEG115 4578 1088 108 SEG75 1218 1088 69 SEG114 4494 1088 109 SEG74 1134 1088 70 SEG113 4410 1088 110 SEG73 1050 1088 71 SEG112 4326 1088 111 SEG72 966 1088 72 SEG111 4242 1088 112 SEG71 882 1088 73 SEG110 4158 1088 113 SEG70 798 1088 74 SEG109 4074 1088 114 SEG69 714 1088 75 SEG108 3990 1088 115 SEG68 630 1088 76 SEG107 3906 1088 116 SEG67 546 1088 77 SEG106 3822 1088 117 SEG66 462 1088 78 SEG105 3738 1088 118 SEG65 378 1088 79 SEG104 3654 1088 119 SEG64 294 1088 80 SEG103 3570 1088 120 SEG63 210 1088 55/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Pad Symbol X (µm) Y (µm) Pad Symbol X (µm) Y (µm) 121 SEG62 122 SEG61 126 1088 156 SEG27 –2814 1088 42 1088 157 SEG26 –2898 1088 123 SEG60 –42 1088 158 SEG25 –2982 1088 124 SEG59 –126 1088 159 SEG24 –3066 1088 125 SEG58 –210 1088 160 SEG23 –3150 1088 126 SEG57 –294 1088 161 SEG22 –3234 1088 127 SEG56 –378 1088 162 SEG21 –3318 1088 128 SEG55 –462 1088 163 SEG20 –3402 1088 129 SEG54 –546 1088 164 SEG19 –3486 1088 130 SEG53 –630 1088 165 SEG18 –3570 1088 131 SEG52 –714 1088 166 SEG17 –3654 1088 132 SEG51 –798 1088 167 SEG16 –3738 1088 133 SEG50 –882 1088 168 SEG15 –3822 1088 134 SEG49 –966 1088 169 SEG14 –3906 1088 135 SEG48 –1050 1088 170 SEG13 –3990 1088 136 SEG47 –1134 1088 171 SEG12 –4074 1088 137 SEG46 –1218 1088 172 SEG11 –4158 1088 138 SEG45 –1302 1088 173 SEG10 –4242 1088 139 SEG44 –1386 1088 174 SEG9 –4326 1088 140 SEG43 –1470 1088 175 SEG8 –4410 1088 141 SEG42 –1554 1088 176 SEG7 –4494 1088 142 SEG41 –1638 1088 177 SEG6 –4578 1088 143 SEG40 –1722 1088 178 SEG5 –4662 1088 144 SEG39 –1806 1088 179 SEG4 –4746 1088 145 SEG38 –1890 1088 180 SEG3 –4830 1088 146 SEG37 –1974 1088 181 SEG2 –4914 1088 147 SEG36 –2058 1088 182 SEG1 –4998 1088 148 SEG35 –2142 1088 183 DUMMY –5184 720 149 SEG34 –2226 1088 184 DUMMY –5184 480 150 SEG33 –2310 1088 185 DUMMY –5184 240 151 SEG32 –2394 1088 186 DUMMY –5184 0 152 SEG31 –2478 1088 187 DUMMY –5184 –240 153 SEG30 –2562 1088 188 DUMMY –5184 –480 154 SEG29 –2646 1088 189 DUMMY –5184 –720 155 SEG28 –2730 1088 56/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB ML9044A-xxACVWA ALIGNMENT MARK SPECIFICATION Alignment Mark Coordinates Y A B ..................................................................................................... (0,0) X C Alignment Mark X (µm) Y (µm) A –5100 960 B 5100 960 C 5100 –840 Alignment Mark Layer Metal layers Alignment Mark Specification Symbol Parameter a b Alignment Mark Width — 25.2 Alignment Mark Size — 100.2 Mark A 26.8 c d e Mark Distance between Mark and Internal Pattern (MIN) Distance between Mark and Adjacent Pad Metal Layer (MIN) Distance between Mark and Adjacent Pad Bump (MIN) Size (µm) Mark B 17.1 Mark C 87.3 Mark A 57.3 Mark B 57.3 Mark C 36.3 Mark A 69.1 Mark B 69.1 Mark C 49.0 Metal Bump b d b a c e Internal Pattern a Metal Bump 57/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB ML9044A-xxB CVWA PAD CONFIGURATION Pad Layout 10.62 × 2.55 mm 625±20 µm 72 × 72 µm (PAD No. 1-55) 54 × 96 µm (PAD No. 56-175) Chip Size: Chip Thickness: Bump Size (1): Bump Size (2): Y 175 56 X 1 55 Pad Coordinates Note: The ML9044A-xxB does not have the dummy pads corresponding to the pad numbers 56 to 62 and 183 to 189 for the ML9044A-xxA. Pad Symbol X (µm) Y (µm) Pad Symbol X (µm) Y (µm) 1 V1 –5103 –1100 21 DB3 –1323 –1100 2 V2 –4914 –1100 22 DB2 –1134 –1100 3 V3A –4725 –1100 23 DB1 –945 –1100 4 V3B –4536 –1100 24 DB0 –756 –1100 5 V4 –4347 –1100 25 E –567 –1100 6 V5 –4158 –1100 26 R/W –378 –1100 7 V5IN –3969 –1100 27 RS0 –189 –1100 8 VCC –3780 –1100 28 RS1 0 –1100 9 VC –3591 –1100 29 SO 189 –1100 10 VlN –3402 –1100 30 Sl 378 –1100 11 BE –3213 –1100 31 SHT 567 –1100 12 VDD –3024 –1100 32 CS 756 –1100 13 CSR –2835 –1100 33 OSC2 945 –1100 14 SSR –2646 –1100 34 OSCR 1134 –1100 15 S/P –2457 –1100 35 OSC1 1323 –1100 16 VSS –2268 –1100 36 T3 1512 –1100 17 DB7 –2079 –1100 37 T2 1701 –1100 18 DB6 –1890 –1100 38 T1 1890 –1100 19 DB5 –1701 –1100 39 COM1 2079 –1100 20 DB4 –1512 –1100 40 COM2 2268 –1100 58/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Pad Symbol X (µm) Y (µm) Pad Symbol X (µm) Y (µm) 41 COM3 2457 –1100 81 SEG95 2898 1088 42 COM4 2646 –1100 82 SEG94 2814 1088 43 COM5 2835 –1100 83 SEG93 2730 1088 44 COM6 3024 –1100 84 SEG92 2646 1088 45 COM7 3213 –1100 85 SEG91 2562 1088 46 COM8 3402 –1100 86 SEG90 2478 1088 47 COM9 3591 –1100 87 SEG89 2394 1088 48 COM10 3780 –1100 88 SEG88 2310 1088 49 COM11 3969 –1100 89 SEG87 2226 1088 50 COM12 4158 –1100 90 SEG86 2142 1088 51 COM13 4347 –1100 91 SEG85 2058 1088 52 COM14 4536 –1100 92 SEG84 1974 1088 53 COM15 4725 –1100 93 SEG83 1890 1088 54 COM16 4914 –1100 94 SEG82 1806 1088 55 COM17 5103 –1100 95 SEG81 1722 1088 56 SEG120 4998 1088 96 SEG80 1638 1088 57 SEG119 4914 1088 97 SEG79 1554 1088 58 SEG118 4830 1088 98 SEG78 1470 1088 59 SEG117 4746 1088 99 SEG77 1386 1088 60 SEG116 4662 1088 100 SEG76 1302 1088 61 SEG115 4578 1088 101 SEG75 1218 1088 62 SEG114 4494 1088 102 SEG74 1134 1088 63 SEG113 4410 1088 103 SEG73 1050 1088 64 SEG112 4326 1088 104 SEG72 966 1088 65 SEG111 4242 1088 105 SEG71 882 1088 66 SEG110 4158 1088 106 SEG70 798 1088 67 SEG109 4074 1088 107 SEG69 714 1088 68 SEG108 3990 1088 108 SEG68 630 1088 69 SEG107 3906 1088 109 SEG67 546 1088 70 SEG106 3822 1088 110 SEG66 462 1088 71 SEG105 3738 1088 111 SEG65 378 1088 72 SEG104 3654 1088 112 SEG64 294 1088 73 SEG103 3570 1088 113 SEG63 210 1088 74 SEG102 3486 1088 114 SEG62 126 1088 75 SEG101 3402 1088 115 SEG61 42 1088 76 SEG100 3318 1088 116 SEG60 –42 1088 77 SEG99 3234 1088 117 SEG59 –126 1088 78 SEG98 3150 1088 118 SEG58 –210 1088 79 SEG97 3066 1088 119 SEG57 –294 1088 80 SEG96 2982 1088 120 SEG56 –378 1088 59/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB Pad Symbol X (µm) Y (µm) Pad Symbol X (µm) Y (µm) 121 SEG55 –462 1088 149 SEG27 –2814 1088 122 SEG54 –546 1088 150 SEG26 –2898 1088 123 SEG53 –630 1088 151 SEG25 –2982 1088 124 SEG52 –714 1088 152 SEG24 –3066 1088 125 SEG51 –798 1088 153 SEG23 –3150 1088 126 SEG50 –882 1088 154 SEG22 –3234 1088 127 SEG49 –966 1088 155 SEG21 –3318 1088 128 SEG48 –1050 1088 156 SEG20 –3402 1088 129 SEG47 –1134 1088 157 SEG19 –3486 1088 130 SEG46 –1218 1088 158 SEG18 –3570 1088 131 SEG45 –1302 1088 159 SEG17 –3654 1088 132 SEG44 –1386 1088 160 SEG16 –3738 1088 133 SEG43 –1470 1088 161 SEG15 –3822 1088 134 SEG42 –1554 1088 162 SEG14 –3906 1088 135 SEG41 –1638 1088 163 SEG13 –3990 1088 136 SEG40 –1722 1088 164 SEG12 –4074 1088 137 SEG39 –1806 1088 165 SEG11 –4158 1088 138 SEG38 –1890 1088 166 SEG10 –4242 1088 139 SEG37 –1974 1088 167 SEG9 –4326 1088 140 SEG36 –2058 1088 168 SEG8 –4410 1088 141 SEG35 –2142 1088 169 SEG7 –4494 1088 142 SEG34 –2226 1088 170 SEG6 –4578 1088 143 SEG33 –2310 1088 171 SEG5 –4662 1088 144 SEG32 –2394 1088 172 SEG4 –4746 1088 145 SEG31 –2478 1088 173 SEG3 –4830 1088 146 SEG30 –2562 1088 174 SEG2 –4914 1088 147 SEG29 –2646 1088 175 SEG1 –4998 1088 148 SEG28 –2730 1088 60/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB ML9044A-xxBCVWA ALIGNMENT MARK SPECIFICATION Alignment Mark Coordinates Y B A .................................................................................................. (0,0) X C Alignment Mark X (µm) Y (µm) A –5100 960 B 5100 960 C 5100 –840 Alignment Mark Layer Metal layers Alignment Mark Specification Parameter a b Alignment Mark Width — 25.2 Alignment Mark Size — 100.2 Mark A 26.8 c d e Mark Size (µm) Symbol Distance between Mark and Internal Pattern (MIN) Distance between Mark and Adjacent Pad Metal Layer (MIN) Distance between Mark and Adjacent Pad Bump (MIN) Mark B 17.1 Mark C 87.3 Mark A 57.3 Mark B 57.3 Mark C 164.7 Mark A 69.1 Mark B 69.1 Mark C 173.7 Metal Bump b d b a c e Internal Pattern a Metal Bump 61/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB ML9044A-xxA/xxBCVWA GOLD BUMP SPECIFICATION Gold Bump Specification Symbol Parameter A Bump Pitch (Min Section: Output Section) MIN TYP 84 — (Unit: µm) MAX — B Bump Size (Output Section: Pitch Direction) 49 54 59 C Bump Size (Output Section: Depth Direction) 91 96 101 D Bump-to-Bump Distance (Output Section: Pitch Direction) 25 30 35 E Bump Size (Input Section: Pitch Direction) 67 72 77 F Bump Size (Input Section: Depth Direction) 67 72 77 G Bump-to-Bump Distance (Input Section: Pitch Direction) 112 117 122 H Sliding of Total Bump Pitches — — 2 Bump Height 10 15 20 I Bump Height Dispersion Inside Chip (Range) — — 4 J Bump Edge Height — — 5 K Shear Strength (g) 30 — — L Bump Hardness (Hv: 25 g load) 50 90 130 ■ Chip Size; 10.62 mm × 2.55 mm ■ Chip Thickness; 625 ±20 µm Top View and Cross Section View B•E I C•F J A Top View D•F Cross Section View 62/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB REVISION HISTORY Document No. PEDL9044A-01 PEDL9044A-02 PEDL9044A-03 PEDL9044A-04 Date Dec. 2001 Feb. 1, 2002 Feb. 6, 2002 Apr. 8, 2002 Page Previous Current Edition Edition Description – – 5 5 6 6 8 8 10 10 Preliminary first edition Changed descriptions of Symbol BE. Changed descriptions of Symbols VC and VCC. Changed description of Symbol S/P. Added Symbol DUMMY and descriptions. Integrated Parameters “ “H” Input Voltage 1” and “ “H” Input Voltage 2”, and Parameters “ “L” Input Voltage 1” and “ “L” Input Voltage 2”. Changed Min. value of “ “L” input voltage” from –0.3 to 0. Changed condition of Parameter “Input Current 2” from V1 = VDD to V1 = GND. Changed Note 6. 12 12 Added Note. 13 13 32 32 35 35 36 36 Added CS “H” pulse width. Changed timing diagrams. Added Note 3. Changed caption 4) from “Display Mode Setting” to “Display ON/OFF Control”. Partially changed Section (1) of 4). Partially changed Section (3) of 6). 37 37 Partially changed Section 8). 38 38 1 1 8 8 19 19 Partially changed Section 11). Partially changed the content of Section “FEATURES”. Changed a symbol in column “Applicable pin” from CS to CS. Partially changed Section (1) of 1). 20 20 21 21 27 27 Partially changed Section (2). Partially changed Section “Arbitrator RAM (ABRAM)”. Changed the figure for ADC. 35 35 Partially changed Section 3). 37 37 Partially changed Section 9). 40 40 Partially changed Section 4). 37 37 Partially changed Section 7) and Section 8). 40 40 Partially changed Section 4). 53 53 Partially added the content of Section 4) in (C). 63/64 PEDL9044A-04 OKI Semiconductor ML9044A-xxA/xxB NOTICE 1. The information contained herein can change without notice owing to product and/or technical improvements. Before using the product, please make sure that the information being referred to is up-to-date. 2. The outline of action and examples for application circuits described herein have been chosen as an explanation for the standard action and performance of the product. When planning to use the product, please ensure that the external conditions are reflected in the actual circuit, assembly, and program designs. 3. When designing your product, please use our product below the specified maximum ratings and within the specified operating ranges including, but not limited to, operating voltage, power dissipation, and operating temperature. 4. Oki assumes no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any failure or unusual or unexpected operation resulting from misuse, neglect, improper installation, repair, alteration or accident, improper handling, or unusual physical or electrical stress including, but not limited to, exposure to parameters beyond the specified maximum ratings or operation outside the specified operating range. 5. Neither indemnity against nor license of a third party’s industrial and intellectual property right, etc. is granted by us in connection with the use of the product and/or the information and drawings contained herein. No responsibility is assumed by us for any infringement of a third party’s right which may result from the use thereof. 6. The products listed in this document are intended for use in general electronics equipment for commercial applications (e.g., office automation, communication equipment, measurement equipment, consumer electronics, etc.). These products are not authorized for use in any system or application that requires special or enhanced quality and reliability characteristics nor in any system or application where the failure of such system or application may result in the loss or damage of property, or death or injury to humans. Such applications include, but are not limited to, traffic and automotive equipment, safety devices, aerospace equipment, nuclear power control, medical equipment, and life-support systems. 7. Certain products in this document may need government approval before they can be exported to particular countries. The purchaser assumes the responsibility of determining the legality of export of these products and will take appropriate and necessary steps at their own expense for these. 8. No part of the contents contained herein may be reprinted or reproduced without our prior permission. Copyright 2002 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. 64/64