Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 2Amp, 2MHz Step-up Switching regulator with Soft-Start DESCRIPTION FEATURES ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Up to 95% Efficiency TDB uA No Load Current 1000mA Output Current 1.5V to 16V Input Voltage Range Programmable switching frequency up to 2MHz Output voltage up to 32V Constant switching frequency current-mode control 1.23V Reference Allows Low Output Voltages Shutdown Mode Draws ) 10 µA Supply Current Low saturation voltage switch: 220mV at 2A Overtemperature Protected,Soft-Start function 8-Pin MSOP Packages The KB3302 is a high-frequency current-mode step-up switching regulator with an integrated 2A power transistor. Its high switching frequency (programmable up to 2MHz) allows the use of tiny surface-mount external passive components. Programmable soft-start eliminates high inrush current during start-up. The internal switch is rated at 32V making the converter suitable for high voltage applications such as Boost, SEPIC and Flyback. The operating frequency of the KB3302 can be set with an external resistor. The ability to set the operating frequency gives the KB3302 design flexibilities. A dedicated COMP pin allows optimization of the loop response. The KB3302 is available in thermally enhanced 8-Pin MSOP packages. APPLICATIONS ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Flat screen LCD bias supplies TFT bias supplies XDSL power supplies Medical equipment Digital video cameras Portables devices White LED power supplies TYPICAL APPLICATION KB3302 Efficiency L1 3.3µH VIN = 3.3V TO 4.2V VOUT 5.0V 1000mA 1N5819 C1 4.7µF 95 VOUT = 5V 90 6 5 7 SHDN GND 100nF KB3302 MSOP8 SS 4 R1 300k SW FB COMP 2 85 C3 22 µF 1 ROSC 8 R3 10.7k R3 17.4k R2 100k 1nF Efficiency (%) VIN 3 1.2MHz VIN = 4.2V 80 75 70 65 60 VIN = 3.6V L1: Sumida CR43 Figure 1. 1.2MHzAll Ceramic Capacitor Single Li-ion Cell to 5V Boost Converter. VIN = 2.6V 55 50 0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 Load Current (A) 1 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Note 1) Input Supply Voltage .................................. – 0.3V to 18V SHDN, V FB Voltages .................................. – 0.3V to 5V SW Voltage ................................................ – 0.3V to 32V PACkAGE/ORDER INFORMATION TOP VIEW 10 SS COMP 1 FB 2 SHDN 3 9 ROSC GND 8 VIN GND 4 7 SW GND 5 6 SW DD PACKAGE 10-LEAD (3mm × 3mm) PLASTIC DFN Peak SW Sink and Source Current ........................ 2A Operating Temperature Range (Note 2) .. – 40°C to 85°C Junction Temperature (Note 3) ............................ 125°C Storage Temperature Range ................ – 65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)................. 300°C ORDER PART NUMBER ORDER PART NUMBER TOP VIEW COMP 1 KB3302DD 8 SS KB3302EMS 7 ROSC FB 2 GND SHDN 3 6 VIN GND 4 5 SW 3000 Units on Tape and Reel DD PART MARKING 2500 Units on Tape and Reel EMS PART MARKING 8-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP EXPOSED PAD IS PGND MUST BE CONNECTED TO GND EXPOSED PAD IS PGND (PIN 11) MUST BE CONNECTED TO GND TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 45°C/W, θJC = 10°C/W TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 45°C/W, θJC = 10°C/W ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless specified: VIN = 2V, SHDN = 1.5V, ROSC = 7.68kΩ, -40°C < T A = TJ < 85°C Parameter Test Conditions Min Undervoltage Lockout Threshold Typ Max Unit 1.3 1.4 V 16 V 1.260 V 1.267 V Maximum Operating Voltage Feedback Voltage Feedback Voltage Line Regulation FB Pin Bias Current TA = 25°C 1.224 -40°C < TA < 85°C 1.217 1.5V < VIN < 16V 1.242 0.01 40 % 80 nA Error Amplifier Transconductance 60 µΩ−1 Error Amplifier Open-Loop Gain 49 dB COMP Source Current VFB = 1.1V 5 µA COMP Sink Current VFB = 1.4V 5 µA VSHDN = 1.5V, VCOMP = 0 ( Not Switching ) 1.1 1.6 mA VSHDN = 0 10 18 µA 1.7 MHz VIN Quiescent Supply Current VIN Supply Current in Shutdown Switching Frequency 1.3 1.5 Maximum Duty Cycle 85 90 Minimum Duty Cycle 0 Switch Current Limit Switch Saturation Voltage 2 % 2 ISW = 2A 2.8 220 % A 350 mV Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Unless specified: VIN = 2V, SHDN = 1.5V, ROSC = 7.68kΩ, -40°C < T A = TJ < 85°C Parameter Test Conditions Switch Leakage Current Min VSW = 5V Shutdown Threshold Voltage 1.02 Typ Max Unit 0.01 1 µA 1.1 1.18 V µA VSHDN = 1.2V -4.6 VSHDN = 0 0 VSS = 0.3V 1.5 µA Thermal Shutdown Temperature 160 °C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis 10 °C Shutdown Pin Current Soft-Start Charging Current µA 0.1 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VIN Current vs SHDN Pin Voltage 1.2 -3 0.1 VIN = 2V VIN = 2V 1 V SHDN = 1.25V 0.08 0.6 0.4 125ºC -40ºC 0.2 25ºC Current (µA) 125ºC 0.8 V IN Current (mA) VIN Current (mA) Shutdown Pin Current vs Temperature VIN Current vs SHDN Pin Voltage 0.06 0.04 -4 VIN = 2V -5 VIN = 12V 0.02 -40ºC 0 0 0 0.5 1 -6 0 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 SHDN Voltage (V) SHDN Voltage (V) Soft-Start Charging Current vs Temperature -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature (ºC) Transconductance vs Temperature 80 2 VIN = 2V Transconductance (µΩ ) V SS = 0.3V -1 1.8 Current (µA) 1 1.6 1.4 1.2 70 60 50 40 30 1 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 Temperature (ºC) 100 125 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature (ºC) 3 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Feedback Voltage vs Temperature Switching Frequency vs Temperature ROSC vs Switching Frequency 1.7 100 1.3 25ºC 10 1.2 VIN = 12V 1.5 VIN = 2V 1.4 1.15 1 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 1.3 125 0.0 0.5 1.0 Temperature (ºC) 2.0 2.5 3.0 -50 85ºC 200 -40ºC 1.5 2.8 1.4 2.6 2.4 100 2.2 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 -25 0 75 125 1.2 25 50 75 100 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature (ºC) VIN Current in Shutdown vs Input Voltage VIN Quiescent Current vs Temperature Shutdown Threshold vs Temperature 50 1.20 Not Switching Shutdown Threshold (V) VIN = 2V 1.2 40 VIN = 16V VIN Current ( µA) VIN Current (mA) 100 1.3 Temperature (ºC) Switch Current (A) 1.3 50 1 -50 3 25 1.1 2 0 0 Minimum VIN vs Temperature 3 Input Voltage (V) Current Limit (A) 25ºC 0 -25 Temperature (ºC) Switch Current Limit vs Temperature 400 300 1.5 Frequency (MHz) Switch Saturation Voltage vs Switch Current VCESAT (mV) 1.6 Frequency (MHz) VIN = 2V 1.25 ROSC (KΩ ) Feedback Voltage (V) ROSC = 7.68KΩ 1.1 1 VIN = 2V 0.9 -40ºC 30 125ºC 20 10 1.15 1.10 1.05 VSHDN = 0 0.8 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 Temperature (ºC) 4 100 125 1.00 0 5 10 Input Voltage (V) 15 20 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 Temperature (ºC) 100 125 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 PIN FUNCTIONS Pin Pin Name 1 COMP 2 FB Pin Function The output of the internal transconductance error amplifier. This pin is used for loop compensation. The inverting input of the error amplifier. Tie to an external resistive divider to set the output voltage. 3 SHDN Shutdown Pin. The accurate 1.1V shutdown threshold and the 4.6uA shutdown pin current hysteresis allow the user to set the undervoltage lockout threshold and hysteresis for the switching regulator. Pulling this pin below 0.1V causes the converter to shut down to low quiescent current. Tie this pin to IN if the UVLO and the shutdown features are not used. This pin should not be left floating. 4 GND Ground. Tie to the ground plane. 5 SW Collector of the internal power transistor. Connect to the boost inductor and the rectifying diode. 6 IN 7 ROSC 8 SS Power Supply Pin. Bypassed with capacitors close to the pin. A resistor from this pin to the ground sets the switching frequency. Soft-Start Pin. A capacitor from this pin to the ground lengthens the start-up time and reduces startup current. Exposed Pad The exposed pad must be soldered to the ground plane on the PCB for good thermal conduction. SIMPLIFIED BLOC DIAGRAM IN 6 SW 5 4.6µA SHDN 3 + CMP INTERNAL SUPPLY 1.1V 2 COMP 1 ENABLE VOLTAGE THERMAL REFERENCE SHUTDOW N 1.242V FB CLK + - REG - EA PWM REG + R Q S 1.5µA SS + 8 ILIM I-LIMIT - REG_GOOD R SENSE ENABLE Σ + + ROSC 7 CLK OSCILLATOR SLOP E COMP + ISEN 4 GND 5 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 OPERATION The KB3302 is a programmable constant-frequency peak current-mode step-up switching regulator with an integrated 2A power transistor. Referring to the block diagrams in Figures 2 and 3, the power transistor is switched on at the trailing edge of the clock. Switch current is sensed with an integrated sense resistor. The sensed current is summed with the slope-compensating ramp before compared to the output of the error amplifier EA. The PWM comparator trip point determines the switch turn-on pulse width. The current-limit comparator ILIM turns off the power switch when the switch current exceeds the 2.8A current-limit threshold. ILIM therefore provides cycle-by-cycle current limit. Current-limit is not affected by slope compensation because the current comparator ILIM is not in the PWM signal path. Current-mode switching regulators utilize a dual-loop feedback control system. In the KB3302 the amplifier output COMP controls the peak inductor current. This is the inner current loop. The double reactive poles of the output LC filter are reduced to a single real pole by the inner current loop, easing loop compensation. Fast transient response can be obtained with a simple Type-2 compensation network. In the outer loop, the error amplifier regulates the output voltage. APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Setting the Output Voltage An external resistive divider R1 and R2 with its center tap tied to the FB pin (Figure 4) sets the output voltage. V R1 = R2 ⎛⎜ OUT − 1 ⎞⎟ 1 . ⎝ 242V ⎠ (1) VOUT KB3302 R1 40nA 2 FB R2 Figure 4. The Output Voltage is set with a Resistive Divider The input bias current of the error amplifier will introduce an error of: ∆VOUT 40nA (R1 // R2 )100 = % VOUT 1.242V (2) The percentage error of a VOUT = 5V converter with R1 = The switching frequency of the KB3302 can be programmed 100KΩ and R2 = 301KΩ is up to 2MHz with an external resistor from the ROSC pin to the ground. For converters requiring extreme duty ∆VOUT 40nA (100K // 301K )100 = = 0.24% cycles, the operating frequency can be lowered to 1.242V VOUT maintain the necessary minimum on time or the minimum off time. Operating Frequency and Efficiency The KB3302 requires a minimum input of 1.4V to operate. A voltage higher than 1.1V at the shutdown pin enables Switching frequency of KB3302 is set with an external the internal linear regulator REG in the KB3302. After VREG resistor from the ROSC pin to the ground. A graph showing becomes valid, the soft-start capacitor is charged with a the relationship between ROSC and switching frequency is 1.5µA current source. A PNP transistor clamps the output given in the “Typical Characteristics”. of the error amplifier as the soft-start capacitor voltage rises. Since the COMP voltage controls the peak inductor High frequency operation reduces the size of passive current, the inductor current is ramped gradually during components but switching losses are higher. The efficiencies soft-start, preventing high input start-up current. Under of 5V to 12V converters operating at 700KHz, 1.35MHz fault conditions (VIN<1.4V or over temperature) or when and 2MHz are shown in Figure 1(b). The peak efficiency the shutdown pin is pulled below 1.1V, the soft-start of the KB3302 appears to decrease 0.5% for every capacitor is discharged to ground. Pulling the shutdown 100KHz increase in frequency. pin below 0.1V reduces the total supply current to 10µA. 6 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION It is worth noting that IOUTMAX is directly proportional to the Duty Cycle VIN ratio V . Equation (4) over-estimates the maximum OUT The duty cycle D of a boost converter is: output current at high frequencies (>1MHz) since switching losses are neglected in its derivation. Nevertheless it is a useful first-order approximation. VIN 1− VOUT + VD D= V 1 − CESAT VOUT + VD (3) where VCESAT is the switch saturation voltage and VD is voltage drop across the rectifying diode. Using VCESAT = 0.3V, VD = 0.5V and ILIM = 2A in (3) and (4), the maximum output currents for three VIN and VOUT combinations are shown in Table 1. Maximum Output Current In a boost switching regulator the inductor is connected to the input. The DC inductor current is the input current. When the power switch is turned on, the inductor current flows into the switch. When the power switch is off, the inductor current flows through the rectifying diode to the output. The output current is the average diode current. The diode current waveform is trapezoidal with pulse width (1 – D)T (Figure 5). The output current available from a boost converter therefore depends on the converter operating duty cycle. The power switch current in the KB3302 is internally limited to 2A. This is also the maximum inductor or the input current. By estimating the conduction losses in both the switch and the diode, an expression of the maximum available output current of a boost converter can be derived: IOUTMAX = ILIM VIN ⎡ D VD − D(VD − VCESAT ) ⎤ 1− − ⎢ ⎥ VOUT ⎣ 45 VIN ⎦ (4) where ILIM is the switch current limit. IIN Inductor Current ON OFF ON Switch Current Diode Current DT (1-D)T OFF ON VIN ( V ) VOUT ( V ) D IOUTMAX ( A ) 2.5 12 0.820 0.35 3.3 5 0.423 1.14 5 12 0.615 0.76 Table 1. Calculated Maximum Output Current [ Equation (4)] Considerations for High Frequency Operation The operating duty cycle of a boost converter decreases as VIN approaches VOUT. The PWM modulating ramp in a current-mode switching regulator is the sensed current ramp of the control switch. This current ramp is absent unless the switch is turned on. The intersection of this ramp with the output of the voltage feedback error amplifier determines the switch pulse width. The propagation delay time required to immediately turn off the switch after it is turned on is the minimum switch on time. Regulator closed-loop measurement shows that the KB3302 has a minimum on time of about 150ns at room temperature. The power switch in the KB3302 is either not turned on at all or for at least 150ns. If the required switch on time is shorter than the minimum on time, the regulator will either skip cycles or it will start to jitter. Example: Determine the maximum operating frequency of a Li-ion cell to 5V converter using the KB3302. Assuming that VD=0.5V, VCESAT=0.3V and VIN=2.6 - 4.2V, the minimum duty ratio can be found using (3). IOUT ON OFF DMIN Figure 5. Current Waveforms in a Boost Regulator 4.2 5 + 0.5 = 0.25 = 0.3 1− 5 + 0 .5 1− ON 7 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The absolute maximum operating frequency of the DMIN 0.25 = = 1.67MHz . The 150ns 150ns actual operating frequency needs to be lower to allow for modulating headroom. converter is therefore D(VIN − VCESAT ) (5) fL where f is the switching frequency and L is the inductance. ∆IL = Substituting (3) into (5) and neglecting VCESAT , V ⎛ VIN ⎞ ⎟ ∆IL = IN ⎜⎜ 1 − (6) The power transistor in the KB3302 is turned off every fL ⎝ VOUT + VD ⎟⎠ switching period for an interval determined by the discharge time of the oscillator ramp and the propagation In current-mode control, the slope of the modulating delay of the power switch. This minimum off time limits (sensed switch current) ramp should be steep enough to the maximum duty cycle of the regulator at a given lessen jittery tendency but not so steep that large flux swing decreases efficiency. Inductor ripple current ∆IL between VOUT 25-40% of the peak inductor current limit is a good switching frequency. A boost converter with high V ratio In compromise. Inductors so chosen are optimized in size requires long switch on time and high duty cycle. If the and DCR. Setting ∆IL = 0.3•(2) = 0.6A, VD=0.5V in (6), required duty cycle is higher than the attainable maximum, ⎞ ⎞ V ⎛ VIN V ⎛ VIN then the converter will operate in dropout. (Dropout is a ⎟ ⎟⎟ = IN ⎜ 1 − L = IN ⎜⎜ 1 − (7) f∆IL ⎝ VOUT + VD ⎠ 0.6 f ⎜⎝ VOUT + 0.5 ⎟⎠ condition in which the regulator cannot attain its set output voltage below current limit.) where L is in µH and f is in MHz. The minimum off times of closed-loop boost converters set to various output voltages were measured by lowering their Equation (6) shows that for a given VOUT, ∆IL is the highest input voltages until dropout occurs. It was found that the (VOUT + VD ) . If VIN varies over a wide range, then minimum off time of the KB3302 ranged from 80 to 110ns when VIN = 2 at room temperature. choose L based on the nominal input voltage. Beware of dropout when operating at very low input voltages (1.5-2V) and with off times approaching 110ns. Shorten the PCB trace between the power source and the device input pin, as line drop may be a significant percentage of the input voltage. A regulator in dropout may appear as if it is in current limit. The cycle-by-cycle current limit of the KB3302 is duty-cycle and input voltage invariant and is typically 2.8A. If the switch current limit is not at least 2A, then the converter is likely in dropout. The switching frequency should then be lowered to improve controllability. Both the minimum on time and the minimum off time reduce control range of the PWM regulator. Bench measurement showed that reduced modulating range started to be a problem at frequencies over 2MHz. Although the oscillator is capable of running well above 2MHz, controllability limits the maximum operating frequency. Inductor Selection The inductor ripple current ∆I L of a boost converter operating in continuous-conduction mode is 8 The saturation current of the inductor should be 20-30% higher than the peak current limit (2.8A). Low-cost powder iron cores are not suitable for high-frequency switching power supplies due to their high core losses. Inductors with ferrite cores should be used. Input Capacitor The input current in a boost converter is the inductor current, which is continuous with low RMS current ripples. A 2.2-4.7µF ceramic input capacitor is adequate for most applications. Output Capacitor Both ceramic and low ESR tantalum capacitors can be used as output filtering capacitors. Multi-layer ceramic capacitors, due to their extremely low ESR (<5mΩ), are the best choice. Use ceramic capacitors with stable temperature and voltage characteristics. One may be tempted to use Z5U and Y5V ceramic capacitors for output filtering because of their high capacitance and Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION small sizes. However these types of capacitors have high temperature and high voltage coefficients. For example, the capacitance of a Z5U capacitor can drop below 60% of its room temperature value at –25°C and 90°C. X5R ceramic capacitors, which have stable temperature and voltage coefficients, are the preferred type. The diode current waveform in Figure 5 is discontinuous with high ripple-content. In a buck converter the inductor ripple current ∆IL determines the output ripple voltage. The output ripple voltage of a boost regulator is however much higher and is determined by the absolute inductor current. Decreasing the inductor ripple current does not appreciably reduce the output ripple voltage. The current flowing in the output filter capacitor is the difference between the diode current and the output current. This capacitor current has a RMS value of: IOUT VOUT −1 VIN (8) If a tantalum capacitor is used, then its ripple current rating in addition to its ESR will need to be considered. When the switch is turned on, the output capacitor supplies the load current IOUT (Figure 5). The output ripple voltage due to charging and discharging of the output capacitor is therefore: ∆VOUT = IOUTDT COUT (9) For most applications, a 10-22µF ceramic capacitor is sufficient for output filtering. It is worth noting that the output ripple voltage due to discharging of a 10µF ceramic capacitor (9) is higher than that due to its ESR. Rectifying Diode For high efficiency, Schottky barrier diodes should be used as rectifying diodes for the KB3302. These diodes should have a RMS current rating of at least 1A and a reverse blocking voltage of at least a few Volts higher than the output voltage. For switching regulators operating at low duty cycles (i.e. low output voltage to input voltage conversion ratios), it is beneficial to use rectifying diodes with somewhat higher RMS current ratings (thus lower forward voltages). This is because the diode conduction interval is much longer than that of the transistor. Converter efficiency will be improved if the voltage drop across the diode is lower. The rectifying diodes should be placed close to the SW pins of the KB3302 to minimize ringing due to trace inductance. Surface-mount equivalents of 1N5817, 1N5819, MBRM120 (ON Semi) and 10BQ015 (IRF) are all suitable. Soft-Start Soft-start prevents a DC-DC converter from drawing excessive current (equal to the switch current limit) from the power source during start up. If the soft-start time is made sufficiently long, then the output will enter regulation without overshoot. An external capacitor from the SS pin to the ground and an internal 1.5µA charging current source set the soft-start time. The soft-start voltage ramp at the SS pin clamps the error amplifier output. During regulator start-up, COMP voltage follows the SS voltage. The converter starts to switch when its COMP voltage exceeds 0.7V. The peak inductor current is gradually increased until the converter output comes into regulation. If the shutdown pin is forced below 1.1V or if fault is detected, then the soft-start capacitor will be discharged to ground immediately. The SS pin can be left open if soft-start is not required. Shutdown The input voltage and shutdown pin voltage must be greater than 1.4V and 1.1V respectively to enable the KB3302. Forcing the shutdown pin below 1.1V stops switching. Pulling this pin below 0.1V completely shuts off the KB3302. The total VIN current decreases to 10µA at 2V. Figure 6 shows several ways of interfacing the control logic to the shutdown pin. Beware that the shutdown pin is a high impedance pin. It should always be driven from a lowimpedance source or tied to a resistive divider. Floating the shutdown pin will result in undefined voltage. In Figure 6(c) the shutdown pin is driven from a logic gate whose VOH is higher than the supply voltage of the KB3302. The diode clamps the maximum shutdown pin voltage to one diode voltage above the input power supply. 9 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION IN IN KB3302 KB3302 SHDN SHDN (b) (a) VIN IN IN KB3302 1N4148 KB3302 SHDN SHDN (d) (c) Figure 6. Methods of Driving the Shutdown Pin (a) Directly Driven from a Logic Gate (b) Driven from an Open-drain N-channel MOSFET or an Open-Collector NPN Transistor (VOL < 0.1V) (c) Driven from a Logic Gate with VOH > VIN (d) Combining Shutdown with Programmed UVLO (See Section Below). Programming Undervoltage Lockout VH and VL are therefore: The KB3302 has an internal VIN undervoltage lockout (UVLO) threshold of 1.4V. The transition from idle to switching is abrupt but there is no hysteresis. If the input voltage ramp rate is slow and the input bypass is limited, then sudden turn on of the power transistor will cause a dip in the line voltage. Switching will stop if VIN falls below the internal UVLO threshold. The resulting output voltage rise may be non-monotonic. The 1.1V disable threshold of the KB3302 can be used in conjunction with a resistive voltage divider to raise the UVLO threshold and to add an UVLO hysteresis. Figure 7 shows the scheme. Both VH and VL (the desired upper and the lower UVLO threshold voltages) are determined by the 1.1V threshold crossings, 10 ⎛ R ⎞ VH = ⎜⎜ 1 + 3 ⎟⎟(1.1 V ) R4 ⎠ ⎝ VL = VH − VHYS = VH − IHYSR3 (10) Re-arranging, R3 = VHYS IHYS (11) R4 = R3 VH −1 1 .1 (12) Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The turn off voltage is: VL = VH − VHYS = 2.75 − 0.69 = 2.06 V > 1.4 V . IN Frequency Compensation 6/8 I HYS Figure 8 shows the equivalent circuit of a boost converter using the KB3302. The output filter capacitor and the load form an output pole at frequency: 4.6µA R3 SWITCH CLOSED WHEN Y = “1” SHDN 3 ωp2 = − + Y 1.1V R4 2IOUT 2 =− VOUTC2 ROUTC2 COMPARATOR where C2 is the output capacitor and ROUT = KB3302 (13) VOUT is the IOUT equivalent load resistance. The zero formed by C2 and its equivalent series resistance (ESR) is neglected due to low ESR of the ceramic output capacitor. Figure 7. Programmable Hysteretic UVLO Circuit with VL > 1.4 V . There is also a right half plane (RHP) zero at angular frequency: Example: Increase the turn on voltage of a VIN = 3.3V boost converter from 1.4V to 2.75V. ωZ 2 = Using VH = 2.75V and R4 = 100KΩ in (12), ROUT (1 − D )2 L (14) ωz2 decreases with increasing duty cycle D and increasing IOUT. Using the 5V to 12V boost regulator (1.35MHz) in Figure 1(a) as an example, R3 = 150KΩ . The resulting UVLO hysteresis is: ROUT ≥ VHYS = IHYSR3 = 4.6µA • 150KΩ = 0.69V . 5V = 6.8Ω 0.74 A I V IN OUT POWER STAGE VOUT ESR C5 R1 R OUT C2 COMP Gm - FB + R3 RO C6 C4 1.242V R2 VOLTAGE REFERENCE Figure 8. Simplified Block Diagram of a Boost Converter 11 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION ωp1 = − 5 12 + 0.5 = 0.62 D= 0 .3 1− 12 + 0.5 1− = −260 rads −1 = −41Hz C4 and R3 also forms a zero with angular frequency: Therefore ωp 2 ≤ 1 1 =− RO C 4 4.7MΩ • 820pF 1 1 =− R 3C 4 30.9KΩ • 820pF ωZ1 = − 2 = 29.4Krads−1 = 4.68KHz (6.8Ω ) • (10µF ) = −39.5 Krads −1 = −6.3 KHz and ωZ 2 ≥ 6.8Ω • (1 − 0.62)2 = 209 Krads −1 = 33.3KHz 4.7µH The spacing between p2 and z2 is the closest when the converter is delivering the maximum output current from the lowest VIN. This represents the worst-case compensation condition. Ignoring C5 and C6 for the moment, C4 forms a low frequency pole with the equivalent output resistance RO of the error amplifier: Amplifier Open Loop Gain 49dB RO = = = 4.7MΩ Transconduc tan ce 60µΩ −1 The poles p1, p2 and the RHP zero z2 all increase phase shift in the loop response. For stable operation, the overall loop gain should cross 0dB with -20dB/decade slope. Due to the presence of the RHP zero, the 0dB crossover frequency z2 . Placing z1 near p2 nulls its 3 effect and maximizes loop bandwidth. Thus should not be higher than R 3C 4 ≈ VOUT C2 2IOUT (MAX ) (15) R3 determines the mid-band loop gain of the converter. Increasing R3 increases the mid-band gain and the crossover GND C3 R4 R3 C4 C6 R2 U1 C1 SHDN R1 L1 C5 C2 D1 VOUT VIN Figure 9. Suggested PCB Layout for the KB3302. Notice that there is no via directly under the device. All vias are 12mil in diameter. 12 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION frequency. However it reduces the phase margin. The values of R3 and C4 can be determined empirically by observing the inductor current and the output voltage during load transient. Compensation is optimized when the largest R3 and the smallest C4without producing ringing or excessive overshoot in its inductor current and output voltage are found. C5 adds a feedforward zero to the loop response. In some cases it improves the transient speed of the converter. C6 rolls off the gain at high frequency. This helps to stabilize the loop. C5 and C6 are often not needed. Board Layout Considerations In a step-up switching regulator, the output filter capacitor, the main power switch and the rectifying diode carry switched currents with high di/dt. For jitter-free operation, the size of the loop formed by these components should be minimized. Since the power switch is integrated inside the KB3302, grounding the output filter capacitor next to the KB3302 ground pin minimizes size of the high di/dt current loop. The input bypass capacitors should also be placed close to the input pins. Shortening the trace at the SW node reduces the parasitic trace inductance. This not only reduces EMI but also decreases the sizes of the switching voltage spikes and glitches. Figure 9 shows how various external components are placed around the KB3302. The frequency-setting resistor should be placed near the ROSC pin with a short ground trace on the PC board. These precautions reduce switching noise pickup at the ROSC pin. To achieve a junction to ambient thermal resistance (θJA) of 40°C/W, the exposed pad of the KB3302 should be properly soldered to a large ground plane. Use only 12mil diameter vias in the ground plane if necessary. Avoid using larger vias under the device. Molten solder may seep through large vias during reflow, resulting in poor adhesion, poor thermal conductivity and low reliability. Typical Application Circuits D1 L1 VIN 5V VOUT 12V, 0.7A 10BQ015 6 OFF ON 3 C1 2.2µF R1 174K 5 IN SHDN FB 95 2 COMP GND C3 47nF 4 1 ROSC 7 C6 R4 85 R2 20K R3 C4 All Capacitors are Ceramic. MSOP-8 Pinout 4.7µH, 1.4MHz 90 Efficiency (%) SS 10.5µH, 700KHz C2 10µF KB3302 8 Efficiency SW 80 3.3µH, 2MHz 75 70 65 60 f / MHz R3 / KΩ R4 / KΩ C4 / pF C6 / pF L1 / µH 0.7 22.1 22.1 2200 - 10.5 (Falco D08019) 1.35 30.9 9.31 820 - 4.7 (Falco D08017) 2 63.4 4.75 470 22 3.3 (Coilcraft DO1813P) 55 VIN = 5V VOUT = 12V 50 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Load Current (A) Figure 10(a). 1.35 MHz All Ceramic Capacitor 5V to 12V Boost Converter. Pinout Shown is for MSOP-8 13 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 PACAGE DESCRIPTION Efficiency 95 1.8µH 1-CELL LI-ION C1 2.2µF IN 5V, 0.8A 85 SW 2 FB SHDN C2 10µF KB3302 8 90 R1 301K 5 1 COMP SS GND C3 47nF 10BQ015 VOUT Efficiency (%) 6 OFF ON 3 VOUT = 5V D1 L1 2.6 - 4.2V 4 7 VIN = 4.2V 80 75 70 65 R3 17.4K ROSC 1.2MHz R4 10.7K R2 100K 60 VIN = 3.6V VIN = 2.6V 55 C4 1nF 50 0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 Load Current (A) L1: Sumida CR43 Figure 11(a). 1.2 MHz All Ceramic Capacitor Single Li-ion Cell to 5V Boost Converter. 4-CELL 3.6 - 6V Figure 11(b). Efficiency of the Single Li-ion Cell to 5V Boost Converter in Figure 11(a). C6 L1 4.9µH 6 OFF ON 3 C1 2.2µF 2.2µF 10BQ015 C5 47pF 5 IN VOUT 5V D1 R1 60.4K SW SHDN FB 2 C2 10µF KB3302 8 COMP SS GND C3 47nF 4 1 ROSC 7 R4 7.68K R3 20K L2 4.9µH R2 20K C4 560pF L1 and L2: Coiltronics CTX5-1 Figure 12(a). 1.5 MHz All Ceramic Capacitor 4-Cell to 5V SEPIC Converter. Pinout Shown is for MSOP-8. 14 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 D2 D3 D4 D5 C5 0.1µF C6 0.1µF C7 0.1µF L1 3.3V D1 2.2µH R5 150K 6 3 C1 2.2µF 5 SW FB 2 COMP SS R6 100K R2 49.9K R3 40.2K 7 4 C2 10µF C9 0.1µF 1 ROSC GND C3 47nF 8V (0.55A) R1 274K KB3302 8 23V (10mA) C8 1µF OUT1 10BQ015 IN SHDN OUT2 R4 7.68K C4 820pF D7 L1 : Cooper-Bussmann SD25-2R2 D2 - D7 : BAT54S OUT3 -8V (10mA) C10 1µF D6 Figure 13(a). 1.5MHz Triple-Output TFT Power Supply. - 3.4V to 3.8V + 0.7A (FLASH) 0.2A (TORCH) D2 R6 0.1Ω L1 2.2µH SUMIDA CR43 D1 +- 10BQ015 + 2.6 - 4.2V LXCL-PWF1 R1 698 1/2 LM358 1-CELL LI-ION C1 2.2µF 6 OFF ON 3 Q1 MMBT3904T 5 IN SW FB SHDN 2 KB3302 8 SS COMP GND C3 10nF 4 C5 0.1µF 1 ROSC 7 R4 8.06K C4 10nF R5 10K R6 17.4K C2 4.7µF R2 43.2K M1 MMBF2201NT1 TORCH FLASH Figure 14(a). 1.4MHz LuxeonTM Flash White LED Driver for Camera Phones 15 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3302 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 PACAGE DESCRIPTION - MSOP8 e/2 A DIM D N A A1 A2 b c D E1 E e F L L1 N 01 aaa bbb ccc 2X E/2 E1 E PIN 1 INDICATOR ccc C 2X N/2 TIPS 12 e B D aaa C A2 A SEATING PLANE DIMENSIONS INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX .043 .006 .000 .037 .030 .009 .015 .009 .003 .114 .118 .122 .114 .118 .122 .193 BSC .026 BSC .068 .076 .080 .016 .024 .032 (.037) 8 0° 8° .004 .005 .010 A1 bxN C 1.10 0.00 0.15 0.75 0.95 0.22 0.38 0.08 0.23 2.90 3.00 3.10 2.90 3.00 3.10 4.90 BSC 0.65 BSC 1.73 1.93 2.03 0.40 0.60 0.80 (0.95) 8 8° 0° 0.10 0.13 0.25 H bbb C A-B D c GAGE PLANE F EXPOSED PAD L 0.25 01 (L1) F DETAIL A BOTTOM VIEW SIDE VIEW SEE DETAIL A NOTES: 1. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS (ANGLES IN DEGREES). 2. DATUMS -A- AND -B- TO BE DETERMINED AT DATUM PLANE-H- 3. DIMENSIONS "E1" AND "D" DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. 4. REFERENCE JEDEC STD MO-187, VARIATION AA-T. Land Pattern - MSOP-8L-EDP F DIM (C) G F P Z C F G P X Y Z DIMENSIONS INCHES MILLIMETERS (.161) .081 .098 .026 .016 .063 .224 (4.10) 2.08 2.50 0.65 0.40 1.60 5.70 X NOTES: 1. THIS LAND PATTERN IS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY. CONSULT YOUR MANUFACTURING GROUP TO ENSURE YOUR COMPANY'S MANUFACTURING GUIDELINES ARE MET. 16 Kingbor Technology Co.,Ltd KB3511 TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 PACAGE DESCRIPTION - DFN33 A E B DIM A A1 A2 b C D E e L N aaa bbb E PIN 1 INDICATOR (LASER MARK) DIMENSIONS INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX .031 .039 .000 .002 (.008) .007 .009 .011 .074 .079 .083 .042 .048 .052 .114 .118 .122 .020 BSC .012 .016 .020 10 .003 .004 0.80 1.00 0.00 0.05 (0.20) 0.18 0.23 0.30 1.87 2.02 2.12 1.06 1.21 1.31 2.90 3.00 3.10 0.50 BSC 0.30 0.40 0.50 10 0.08 0.10 A SEATING PLANE aaa C A1 1 C A2 C 2 LxN D N bxN bbb e C A B NOTES: 1. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS (ANGLES IN DEGREES). 2. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED PAD AS WELL AS TERMINALS. Land Pattern - DFN33-10 K DIM (C) H G Y X Z C G H K P X Y Z DIMENSIONS INCHES MILLIMETERS (.112) .075 .055 .087 .020 .012 .037 .150 (2.85) 1.90 1.40 2.20 0.50 0.30 0.95 3.80 P NOTES: 1. THIS LAND PATTERN IS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY. CONSULT YOUR MANUFACTURING GROUP TO ENSURE YOUR COMPANY'S MANUFACTURING GUIDELINES ARE MET. Kingbor Technology TEL:(86)0755-26508846 FAX:(86)0755-26509052 www.kingbor.com 17