ACPL-H342 and ACPL-K342 2.5 Amp Output Current IGBT Gate Drive Optocoupler with Active Miller Clamp, Rail-to-Rail Output Voltage and UVLO in Stretched SO8 Data Sheet Lead (Pb) Free RoHS 6 fully compliant RoHS 6 fully compliant options available; -xxxE denotes a lead-free product Description Features The ACPL-H342/ACPL-K342 contains an AlGaAs LED, which is optically coupled to an integrated circuit with a power output stage. This optocoupler is ideally suited for driving power IGBTs and MOSFETs used in motor control inverter applications. The high operating voltage range of the output stage provides the drive voltages required by gate controlled devices. The voltage and high peak output current supplied by this optocoupler make it ideally suited for direct driving IGBT with ratings up to 1200V/150A. For IGBTs with higher ratings, the ACPL-H342/ACPL-K342 can be used to drive a discrete power stage which drives the IGBT gate. The ACPL-H342 and ACPL-K342 have the highest insulation voltage of VIORM = 891Vpeak and 1140Vpeak respectively in the IEC/ EN/DIN EN 60747-5-5. • 2.5 A Maximum Peak Output Current • 2.0A Minimum Peak Output Current • Built-in Active Miller Clamp • Rail-to-Rail Output Voltage • Fast Propagation Delay to minimize Dead Time •tPHL < tPLH to provide “Anti-Cross” Conduction • LED input threshold current hysteresis •ICC = 2.5 mA Maximum Supply Current to allow bootstrap power supply •Under Voltage Lock-Out Protection (UVLO) with Hysteresis • 40 kV/µs Minimum Common Mode Rejection (CMR) at VCM = 1500 V • Wide Operating VCC Range: 15 to 30 Volts • Industrial Temperature Range: -40°C to 105°C • Safety Approval: – UL Recognized 3750/5000 VRMS for 1min. –CSA – IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-5 VIORM = 891/1140 Vpeak Functional Diagram ANODE 1 8 VCC NC 2 7 VOUT CATHODE 3 6 VCLAMP 5 VEE VVCLAMP CLAMP NC 4 Note: Design Note: A 1 μF bypass capacitor must be connected between pins VCC and VEE. Truth Table LED OFF ON ON ON VCC – VEE VCC – VEE “POSITIVE GOING” “NEGATIVE GOING” (i.e., TURN-ON) (i.e., TURN-OFF) 0 – 30V 0 – 11V 11 – 13.5V 13.5 – 30V 0 – 30V 0 – 9.5V 9.5 – 12V 12 – 30V VO Applications • • • • • IGBT/MOSFET Gate Drive AC and Brushless DC Motor Drives Renewable Energy Inverters Industrial Inverters Switching Power Supplies VCLAMP LOW LOW LOW LOW TRANSITION TRANSITION HIGH Hi-Z CAUTION: It is advised that normal static precautions be taken in handling and assembly of this component to prevent damage and/or degradation which may be induced by ESD. Ordering Information ACPL-H342 is UL Recognized with 3750 VRMS for 1 minute per UL1577. ACPL-K342 is UL Recognized with 5000 VRMS for 1 minute per UL1577. Part number Option (RoHS Compliant) ACPL-H342 -000E -500E ACPL-K342 Package Stretched SO-8 Surface Mount X X -560E X -500E Stretched SO-8 UL 5000 VRMS /1 Minute rating IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-5 X -060E -000E Tape & Reel 80 per tube X X X -560E X 1000 per reel X X -060E Quantity X 80 per tube X 1000 per reel X X X 80 per tube X 1000 per reel X X 80 per tube X X 1000 per reel To order, choose a part number from the part number column and combine with the desired option from the option column to form an order entry. Example 1: ACPL-H342-560E to order product of Stretched SO-8 Surface Mount package in Tape and Reel packaging with IEC/EN/ DIN EN 60747-5-5 Safety Approval and RoHS compliant. Example 2: ACPL-K342-000E to order product of Stretched SO-8 Surface Mount package in Tube packaging with UL 5000 VRMS/1 minute and RoHS compliant. Option datasheets are available. Contact your Avago sales representative or authorized distributor for information. 2 Package Outline Drawings ACPL-H342 Outline Drawing 0.381 0.015 + 0.127 0 + 0.005 5.850 1.270 0.050 0.230 + 0.254 0 + 0.010 Land Pattern Recommendation 0.76 (0.03) 1.27 (0.05) 7.620 0.300 6.807 0.268 0.450 0.018 2.16 (0.085) 10.7 (0.421) 3.180 ±0.127 0.125 ±0.005 1.590 ±0.127 0.063 ±0.005 7° 45° 7° 0.200 ±0.100 0.008 ±0.004 0.254 ±0.050 0.010 ±0.002 7° 5° NOM. 1 ±0.250 0.040 ±0.010 7° Lead Coplanarity = 0.1mm [0.004 Inches] Floating Lead protusions max. 0.25 [0.0] 9.7 ±0.25 0.382 ±0.010 Dimensions in Millimeters [Inches] ACPL-K342 Outline Drawing + 0.25 0 0.230 + 0.010 – 0.000 5.850 1.270BSG 0.050 0.381 ±0.13 0.015 ±0.005 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 Land Pattern Recommendation 0.76 (0.03) 1.27 (0.05) 7.62 0.300 6.807 ±0.127 0.268 ±0.005 0.450 0.018 0.200 ±0.100 0.008 ±0.004 0.750 ±0.25 0.0295 ±0.01 45° 7° 7° 35° NOM. 11.5 ±0.250 0.453 ±0.010 12.65 (0.5) 1.590 ±0.127 0.063 ±0.005 0.254 ±0.050 0.010 ±0.002 3.180 ±0.127 0.125 ±0.005 7° 7° Lead Coplanarity = 0.1mm [0.004 Inches] Floating Lead protusions max. 0.25 [0.0] Dimensions in Millimeters [Inches] 3 1.905 (0.075) Recommended Pb-Free IR Profile Recommended reflow condition as per JEDEC Standard, J-STD-020 (latest revision). Non- Halide Flux should be used. Regulatory Information The ACPL-H342 / ACPL-K342 is approved by the following organizations: UL Recognized under UL 1577, component recognition program up to VISO = 3750 VRMS (ACPL-H342) and VISO = 5000 VRMS (ACPL-K342), File 55361 CSA CSA Component Acceptance Notice #5, File CA 88324 IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-5 (ACPL-H342/K342 Option 060 Only) Maximum Working Insulation Voltage Viorm = 891Vpeak (ACPL-H342) and Viorm = 1140 Vpeak(ACPL-K342) Table 1. IEC/EN/DIN EN 60747-5-5 Insulation Characteristics* (ACPL-H342 / ACPL-K342 Option 060) ACPL-H342 Option 060 ACPL-K342 Option 060 Installation classification per DIN VDE 0110/39, Table 1 for rated mains voltage ≤ 150 Vrms for rated mains voltage ≤ 300 Vrms for rated mains voltage ≤ 450 Vrms I – IV I – IV I – III I – IV I – IV I – IV for rated mains voltage ≤ 600 Vrms I – III I – IV Description Symbol for rated mains voltage ≤ 1000 Vrms Unit I – III Climatic Classification Pollution Degree (DIN VDE 0110/39) 40/105/21 40/105/21 2 2 Maximum Working Insulation Voltage VIORM 891 1140 Vpeak Input to Output Test Voltage, Method b* VIORM x 1.875=VPR, 100% Production Test with tm=1 sec, Partial discharge < 5 pC VPR 1671 2137 Vpeak Input to Output Test Voltage, Method a* VIORM x 1.6=VPR, Type and Sample Test, tm=10 sec, Partial discharge < 5 pC VPR 1426 1824 Vpeak Highest Allowable Overvoltage* (Transient Overvoltage tini = 60 sec) VIOTM 6000 8000 Vpeak Safety-limiting values – maximum values allowed in the event of a failure Case Temperature Input Current Output Power TS IS, INPUT PS, OUTPUT 175 230 600 175 230 600 °C mA mW Insulation Resistance at TS, VIO = 500 V RS >109 >109 W * Refer to the optocoupler section of the Isolation and Control Components Designer’s Catalog, under Product Safety Regulations section, (IEC/EN/ DIN EN 60747-5-5) for a detailed description of Method a and Method b partial discharge test profiles. Note: These optocouplers are suitable for “safe electrical isolation” only within the safety limit data. Maintenance of the safety data shall be ensured by means of protective circuits. Surface mount classification is Class A in accordance with CECC 00802. 4 Table 2. Insulation and Safety Related Specifications Parameter Symbol ACPL-H342 ACPL-K342 Units Conditions Minimum External Air Gap (Clearance) L(101) 7.0 8.0 mm Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance through air. Minimum External Tracking (Creepage) L(102) 8.0 8.0 mm Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance path along body. 0.08 0.08 mm Through insulation distance conductor to conductor, usually the straight line distance thickness between the emitter and detector. > 175 > 175 V DIN IEC 112/VDE 0303 Part 1 IIIa IIIa Minimum Internal Plastic Gap (Internal Clearance) Tracking Resistance (Comparative Tracking Index) CTI Isolation Group Material Group (DIN VDE 0110, 1/89, Table 1) Notes: 1. All Avago data sheets report the creepage and clearance inherent to the optocoupler component itself. These dimensions are needed as a starting point for the equipment designer when determining the circuit insulation requirements. However, once mounted on a printed circuit board, minimum creepage and clearance requirements must be met as specified for individual equipment standards. For creepage, the shortest distance path along the surface of a printed circuit board between the solder fillets of the input and output leads must be considered (the recommended Land Pattern does not necessarily meet the minimum creepage of the device). There are recommended techniques such as grooves and ribs which may be used on a printed circuit board to achieve desired creepage and clearances. Creepage and clearance distances will also change depending on factors such as pollution degree and insulation level. Table 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Units Storage Temperature TS -55 125 °C Note Operating Temperature TA -40 105 °C Output IC Junction Temperature TJ 125 °C Average Input Current IF(AVG) 25 mA Peak Transient Input Current (<1 µs pulse width, 300pps) IF(TRAN) 1 A Reverse Input Voltage VR 5 V “High” Peak Output Current IOH(PEAK) 2.5 A 2 “Low” Peak Output Current IOL(PEAK) 2.5 A 2 Peak Clamp Sink Current ICLAMP 2.5 A 2 Total Output Supply Voltage (VCC - VEE) 0 35 V Output Voltage VO(PEAK) -0.5 VCC V Output IC Power Dissipation PO 500 mW 3 Total Power Dissipation PT 550 mW 4 Lead Solder Temperature 260°C for 10 sec., 1.6 mm below seating plane Note 1 Table 4. Recommended Operating Conditions Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Units Operating Temperature TA - 40 105 °C Output Supply Voltage (VCC - VEE) 15 30 V Input Current (ON) IF(ON) 7 16 mA Input Voltage (OFF) VF(OFF) - 3.6 0.8 V 5 Table 5. Electrical Specifications (DC) Unless otherwise noted, all typical values are at TA = 25°C, VCC - VEE = 30 V, VEE = Ground; all Minimum/Maximum specifications are at Recommended Operating Conditions (TA = -40 to 105°C, IF(ON) = 7 to 16 mA, VF(OFF) = -3.6 to 0.8 V, VCC = 15 to 30 V, VEE = Ground). Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. High Level Peak Output Current IOH -0.5 -1.2 Max. -2.0 Low Level Peak Output Current IOL 0.5 2.7 2.0 High Output Transistor RDS(ON) RDS,OH Low Output Transistor RDS(ON) RDS,OL Clamp Output Peak Current ICLAMP Clamp Pin Threshold Units Test Conditions Fig. Note A VO = VCC – 4 3, 4, 23 5 A VO = VCC – 15 A VO = VEE + 2.5V A VO = VEE + 15V 2 6, 7, 24 2 2.6 5.0 Ω IOH = -2.0A 8 0.8 2.0 Ω IOL = 2.0A 9 2.5 A VO = VEE + 2.5 14, 16, 27 VtCLAMP 2.3 V Clamp Output Transistor RDS(ON) RDS,CLAMP 0.8 High Level Output Voltage VOH High Level Output Voltage 1.0 5 2 15,16, 28 Ω ICLAMP = 1.5 A VCC-0.80 V IO = -100 mA 2, 4, 25 6, 7 VOH VCC V IO = 0 mA , IF=10 mA 1 Low Level Output Voltage VOL 0.07 0.25 V IO = 100 mA 5, 7, 26 High Level Supply Current ICCH 1.68 2.5 mA Rg = 10W, Cg = 25 nF, IF = 10 mA, 10, 11 Low Level Supply Current ICCL 2.0 2.5 mA Rg = 10W, Cg = 25 nF, IF = 0 mA Threshold Input Current Low to High IFLH 0.5 1.5 4.0 mA Rg = 10W, Cg = 25 nF, VO > 5 V 12, 13, 29 Threshold Input Voltage High to Low VFHL 0.8 Input Forward Voltage VF 1.2 IF = 10 mA 22 Temperature Coefficient of Input Forward Voltage ΔVF/ΔTA Input Reverse Breakdown Voltage BVR Input Capacitance CIN UVLO Threshold VUVLO+ 11.0 12.3 13.5 VUVLO- 9.5 10.7 12.0 UVLO Hysteresis 6 UVLOHYS VCC-2.0 2.0 V 1.55 1.95 -1.7 mV/°C 5 70 1.4 V V IR = 100 µA pF f = 1 MHz, VF = 0 V V VO > 5 V, IF = 10 mA 30 Table 6. Switching Specifications (AC) Unless otherwise noted, all typical values are at TA = 25°C, VCC - VEE = 30 V, VEE = Ground; all Minimum/Maximum specifications are at Recommended Operating Conditions (TA = -40 to 105°C, IF(ON) = 7 to 16 mA, VF(OFF) = -3.6 to 0.8 V, VCC = 15 to 30 V, VEE = Ground). Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Units Test Conditions Fig. Note Propagation Delay Time to High Output Level Propagation Delay Time to Low Output Level Propagation Delay Difference Between Any Two Parts Rise Time Fall Time Output High Level Common Mode Transient Immunity tPLH 0.100 0.260 0.350 µs 0.050 0.145 0.250 µs 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 31 15 tPHL -0.100 -0.200 µs Rg = 10 W, Cg = 25 nF, f = 20 kHz , Duty Cycle = 50%, IF = 7 mA to 16 mA, VCC = 15 V to 30V 39, 40 11 VCC = 30 V 31 PDD -0.010 (tPHL - tPLH) tR tF |CMH| 40 Output Low Level Common Mode Transient Immunity |CML| 22 18 50 25 35 40 50 25 35 ns ns kV/µs kV/µs TA = 25 °C, IF = 10 mA, 32 VCC = 30 V, VCM = 1500 V with split resistors TA = 25 °C, IF = 10 mA, VCC = 30 V, VCM = 1000 V without split resistors 32 TA = 25 °C, VF = 0 V, VCC = 30 V, VCM = 1500 V with split resistors, TA = 25 °C, VF = 0 V, VCC = 30 V, VCM = 1000 V without split resistors 12, 13 12, 14 Table 7. Package Characteristics Unless otherwise noted, all typical values are at TA = 25 °C; all Minimum/Maximum specifications are at Recommended Operating Conditions. Parameter Symbol Device Min. Units Test Conditions Input-Output Momentary Withstand Voltage* VISO ACPL-H342 3750 VRMS ACPL-K342 5000 VRMS RH < 50%, t = 1 min., TA = 25 °C RH < 50%, t = 1 min., TA = 25 °C VI-O = 500 VDC f =1 MHz Thermal Model in Application Notes Below Input-Output Resistance Input-Output Capacitance LED-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance LED-to-Detector Thermal Resistance Detector-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance Typ. RI-O CI-O R11 >5012 0.2 145 R12, R21 25, 38 R22 46 Max. W pF °C/W Fig. Note 8,10 9,10 10 16 * The Input-Output Momentary Withstand Voltage is a dielectric voltage rating that should not be interpreted as an input-output continuous voltage rating. For the continuous voltage rating, refer to your equipment level safety specification or Avago Technologies Application Note 1074 entitled “Optocoupler Input-Output Endurance Voltage.” Notes: 1. Derate linearly above 70 °C free-air temperature at a rate of 0.3 mA/°C. 2. Maximum pulse width = 10µs 3. Derate linearly above 85°C free-air temperature at a rate of 12.5 mW/°C. 4. Derate linearly above 85°C free-air temperature at a rate of 13.75 mW/°C. The maximum LED junction temperature should not exceed 125°C. 5. Maximum pulse width = 50 µs. 6. In this test VOH is measured with a dc load current. When driving capacitive loads VOH will approach VCC as IOH approaches zero amps. 7. Maximum pulse width = 1 ms. 8. In accordance with UL1577, each optocoupler is proof tested by applying an insulation test voltage ≥4500 Vrms for 1 second (leakage detection current limit, II-O ≤5 µA). 9. In accordance with UL1577, each optocoupler is proof tested by applying an insulation test voltage ≥6000 Vrms for 1 second (leakage detection current limit, II-O ≤5 µA). 10.Device considered a two-terminal device: pins 1, 2, 3, and 4 shorted together and pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 shorted together. 11. The difference between tPHL and tPLH between any two ACPL-H342 parts under the same test condition. 12. Pins 2 and 4 need to be connected to LED common. 13. Common mode transient immunity in the high state is the maximum tolerable dVCM/dt of the common mode pulse, VCM, to assure that the output will remain in the high state (i.e., VO > 15.0 V). 14. Common mode transient immunity in a low state is the maximum tolerable dVCM/dt of the common mode pulse, VCM, to assure that the output will remain in a low state (i.e., VO < 1.0 V). 15. This load condition approximates the gate load of a 1200V/150A IGBT. 16.The device was mounted on a high conductivity test board as per JEDEC 51-7. 7 0 IF = 10 mA VCC = 30 V VEE = 0 V 29.974 29.973 29.972 29.971 29.97 29.969 29.968 -0.2 -1.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 -1.2 TA = 25°C IOH - OUTPUT HIGH CURRENT - A IOH - OUTPUT HIGH CURRENT - A -1 0.00 IF = 10 mA VOUT = (VCC 4 V) VCC = 15 to 30 V VEE = 0 V Figure 3. IOH vs. temperature. -0.50 -1.00 -1.50 -2.00 -2.50 0.00 -1.4 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C 1.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 2.00 (VOH - VCC) - HIGH OUTPUT VOLTAGE DROP - V 6.00 Figure 4. IOH vs. VOH. 4 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 VF(OFF) = 0 V IOUT = 100 mA VCC = 15 to 30 V VEE = 0 V 0.02 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C Figure 5. VOL vs. temperature. IOL - OUTPUT LOW CURRENT - A 0.12 VOL - OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE - V -0.8 Figure 2. VOH vs. temperature. 0 8 -0.6 -1.6 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C Figure 1. High Ouput Rail Voltage vs. Temperature. 0 -0.4 -1.4 29.967 29.966 IF = 10 mA IOUT = -100 mA VCC = 15 to 30 V VEE = 0 V -0.2 (VOH - VCC) - HIGH OUTPUT VOLTAGE DROP - V VOH - HIGH OUTPUT RAIL VOLTAGE- V 29.975 VF(OFF) = 0 V VOUT = 2.5 V VCC = 15 to 30 V VEE = 0 V 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C Figure 6. IOL vs. temperature. 3.5 2.5 3 RDS,OH - HIGH OUTPUT TRANSISTOR RDS(ON) - Ω IOL - OUTPUT LOW CURRENT - A 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 1 2 VOL - OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE - V 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C Figure 8. RDS,OH vs. temperature. 2.5 ICC - SUPPLY CURRENT -mA RDS,OL - LOW OUTPUT TRANSISTOR RDS (ON) - Ω 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 IF = 10 mA IOUT = -2 A VCC = 15 to 30 V VEE = 0 V 1 3 VF(OFF) = 0 V IOUT = 2 A VCC = 15 to 30 V VEE = 0 V 2 1.5 1 IF = 10 mA for ICCH IF = 0 mA for ICCL VCC = 30 V VEE = 0 V 0.5 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C ICCH ICCL -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C Figure 10. ICC vs. temperarure. 35 2.5 TA = 25°C VCC = 30 V VEE = 0 V 30 2 VO - OUTPUT VOLTAGE- V ICC - SUPPLY CURRENT - mA 1.5 0.5 Figure 9. RDS,OL vs. temperature. 1.5 1 IF = 10 mA for ICCH IF = 0 mA for ICCL TA = 25°C VEE = 0 V 0.5 15 Figure 11. ICC vs. VCC. 9 2 TA = 25°C VF(OFF) = 0 V Figure 7. IOL vs. VOL 0 2.5 20 25 VCC - SUPPLY VOLTAGE - V ICCH ICCL 25 20 15 10 IFLH ON IFLH OFF 5 30 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 IFLH - LOW TO HIGH CURRENT THRESHOLD - mA Figure 12. IFLH hysteresis. 3.0 ICLAMP - CLAMP OUTPUT PEAK CURRENT - A VCC = 15 to 30 V VEE = 0 V 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 IFLH ON IFLH OFF -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C Figure 13. IFLH vs. temperature. VtCLAMP - CLAMP PIN THRESHOLD - V 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 VCC = 15 V VEE = 0 V 0.5 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 300 250 250 TPHL TPLH 150 IF = 7 mA TA = 25°C Rg = 10 Ω, Cg = 25 nF DUTY CYCLE = 50% f = 20 kHz 100 50 0 15 20 25 VCC - SUPPLY VOLTAGE - V Figure 17. Propagation delay vs. VCC. TA = 25°C 2.5 300 200 VCC = 15 to 30 V VEE = 0 V VOUT = 2.5 V 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 VtCLAMP - CLAMP PIN THRESHOLD - V 2.5 Figure 16. ICLAMP vs. VtCLAMP. TP - PROPAGATION DELAY - ns TP - PROPAGATION DELAY - ns Figure 15. VtCLAMP vs. temperature. 10 3.5 Figure 14. ICLAMP vs. temperature. ICLAMP - CLAMP OUTPUT PEAK CURRENT - A IFLH - LOW TO HIGH CURRENT THRESHOLD - mA 2.5 30 TPHL TPLH 200 150 VCC = 30 V, VEE = 0 V TA = 25°C Rg = 10 Ω, Cg = 25 nF DUTY CYCLE = 50% f = 20 kHz 100 50 0 6 8 10 12 IF - FORWAR LED CURRENT - mA Figure 18. Propagation delay vs. IF. 14 16 300 TPHL TPLH 300 250 200 150 IF = 7 mA VCC = 30 V, VEE = 0 V Rg = 10 Ω, Cg = 25 nF DUTY CYCLE = 50% f = 20 kHz 100 50 0 150 VCC = 30 V, VEE = 0 V IF = 7 mA, TA = 25°C Cg = 25 nF DUTY CYCLE = 50% f = 20 kHz 100 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Rg - SERIES LOAD RESISTANCE - Ω 45 50 100 250 IF - FORWARD CURRENT - mA TP - PROPAGATION DELAY - ns TPLH TPHL 200 Figure 20. Propagation delay vs. Rg. 300 TPLH TPHL 200 150 VCC = 30 V, VEE = 0 V IF = 7 mA, TA = 25°C Rg = 10 Ω DUTY CYCLE = 50% f = 20 kHz 100 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Cg - LOAD CAPACITANCE - nF Figure 21. Propagation delay vs. Cg. 11 250 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - °C Figure 19. Propagation delay vs. temperature. 0 TP - PROPAGATION DELAY - ns TP - PROPAGATION DELAY - ns 350 40 45 50 10 1 0.1 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 VF - FORWARD VOLTAGE - VOLTS Figure 22. Input current vs. forward voltage. 1.65 4V Pulsed 1 IF = 10mA 8 + _ 1µF 2 3 7 VVCLAMP CLAMP + _ IOH VCC = 15 to 30V 6 4 5 1 8 2 7 Figure 23. IOH test circuit. 1µF 3 VVCLAMP CLAMP IOL + _ 6 4 5 1 8 2 7 VCC = 15 to 30V + _ 2.5V Pulsed Figure 24. IOL test circuit. IF = 10mA 3 1µF VVCLAMP CLAMP VCC = 15 to 30V VOH + _ 6 100mA 4 5 1 8 2 7 Figure 25. VOH test circuit. 3 4 Figure 26. VOL test circuit. 12 1µF VVCLAMP CLAMP 6 5 VOL 100mA VCC = 15 to 30V + _ 1 8 2 7 1µF VCC = 15 to 30V + _ ICLAMP 3 VVCLAMP CLAMP 4 6 + _ 5 2.5V Pulsed Figure 27. ICLAMP test circuit. 1 8 2 7 1µF 3 VVCLAMP CLAMP 4 VtCLAMP 6 1kΩ VCC = 15 to 30V 3V + _ + _ 5 Figure 28. VtCLAMP test circuit. IF 1 8 2 7 1µF 3 VVCLAMP CLAMP VO > 5V 10Ω 6 25nF 4 5 1 8 2 7 Figure 29. IFLH test circuit. IF = 10mA 1µF 3 4 Figure 30. UVLO test circuit. 13 VVCLAMP CLAMP 6 5 VO > 5V + _ + _ VCC = 15 to 30V IF = 7 to 16mA, 20kHz, 50% Duty Cycle 1 8 2 7 3 6 IF 1µF VVCLAMP CLAMP 4 VO 10Ω + _ VCC = 15 to 30V tr tf 90% 50% 25nF V OUT 5 10% tPLH tPHL Figure 31. tPLH, tPHL, tr and tf test circuit and waveforms. 170 ohm 5V + _ V CM 1 δV 8 1µF 2 170 ohm 3 7 VVCLAMP CLAMP 4 6 5 VO VCC = 30V + _ δt V CM ∆t 0V ∆t VO V OH SWITCH AT A: IF = 10 mA VO + _ = V OL SWITCH AT B: IF = 0 mA VCM = 1500V Figure 32. CMR test circuit with split resistors network and waveforms. Application Information Product Overview Description Recommended Application Circuit The ACPL-H342/K342 is an optically isolated power output stage capable of driving IGBTs of up to 150 A and 1200 V. It has very high CMR rating which allows the microcontroller and the IGBT to operate at very large common mode noise found in industrial motor drives and other power switching applications. And to achieve better system reliability in such noisy environment, this power control device incorporates new features like Active Miller clamp, Rail-to-Rail output voltage, Anti-cross conduction and LED input current hysteresis. The recommended application circuit shown in Figure 33 illustrates a typical gate drive implementation using the ACPL-H342. The following describes about driving IGBT. However, it is also applicable to MOSFET. Designers will need to adjust the VCC supply voltage, depending on the MOSFET or IGBT gate threshold requirements (Recommended VCC = 18V for IGBT and 12V for MOSFET). Active Miller clamp function eliminates the need of negative gate drive in most application and allows the use of simple bootstrap supply for high side driver. Rail-toRail output voltage ensures that the IGBT’s gate voltage is driven to the optimum intended level with no power loss across IGBT. Anti-cross conduction prevents current shoot through between the high and low side of half bridge IGBT configuration. This will help to simplify the controller design in terms of having to account for the delay needed at the LED input. And lastly, the LED input current hysteresis prevents output oscillation if insufficient LED driving current is applied. This will eliminates the need of additional Schmitt trigger circuit at the input LED. This feature rich IGBT gate driver is designed to increase the performance and reliability of a motor drive without the cost, size, and complexity of external circuitry or control. 14 The supply bypass capacitors (1 µF) provide the large transient currents necessary during a switching transition. Because of the transient nature of the charging currents, a low current (2.5mA) power supply will be enough to power the device. The split resistors across the LED will provide a high CMR response by providing a balanced resistance network across the LED. The gate resistor RG serves to limit gate charge current and controls the IGBT collector voltage rise and fall times. In PC board design, care should be taken to avoid routing the IGBT collector or emitter traces close to the ACPL-H342 input as this can result in unwanted coupling of transient signals into ACPL-H342 and degrade performance. R 1 + _ ANODE 2 NC 3 CATHODE 4 NC R 8 VCC VOUT 7 VCLAMP 6 VEE 5 RG + _ 1µF VCC=18V Q1 Q2 + VCE + VCE - + HVDC 3-PHASE AC -HVDC Figure 33. Recommended application circuit with split resistors LED drive and active Miller Clamp. Active Miller Clamp Rail-to-Rail Output A Miller clamp allows the control of the Miller current during a high dV/dt situation. And it can also eliminate the use of a negative supply voltage by quickly discharging the large gate capacitance of IGBT to low level without affecting the IGBT turn-off characteristics. During turn-off, the gate voltage is monitored and the clamp output is activated when gate voltage goes below 2.3V (relative to VEE). The clamp voltage is VOL+2.5V typ for a Miller current up to 2.5 A. The clamp is disabled when the LED input is triggered again. Figure 34 shows a typical gate driver’s high current output stage with 3 bipolar transistors in darlington configuration. During the output high transition, the output voltage rises rapidly to within 3 diode drops of VCC. To ensure the VOUT is at VCC in order to achieve IGBT rated VCE(ON) voltage. The level of VCC will be need to be raised to beyond VCC+3(VBE) to account for the diode drops. And to limit the output voltage to VCC, a pull-down resistor, RPULL-DOWN between the output and VEE is recommended to sink a static current while the output is high. AN5314 application note describes how the clamp reduces the parasitic turn-on effect due to the Miller capacitor and at the same time eliminates the need of a negative power supply. ACPL-H342 uses a power NMOS follower stage to deliver the initial large current and a smaller PMOS to pull it to VCC to achieve Rail-to-Rail output voltage as shown in Figure 35. This ensures that the IGBT’s gate voltage is driven to the optimum intended level with no power loss across IGBT even when an unstable power supply is used. The Miller pin should be connected to VEE when not in use. ANODE 8 1 VCC RG 7 NC 2 CATHODE 3 6 NC 4 VEE 5 VOUT RPULL-DOWN Figure 34. Typical gate driver with output stage in darlington configuration ANODE 1 8 VCC NC 2 7 VOUT CATHODE 3 6 VCLAMP NC 4 5 VEE VVCLAMP CLAMP Figure 35. ACPL-H342 with NMOS and PMOS output stage for Rail-to-Rail output voltage 15 Selecting the Gate Resistor (Rg) Step 1: Calculate Rg minimum from the IOL peak specification. The IGBT and Rg in Figure 33 can be analyzed as a simple RC circuit with a voltage supplied by ACPL-H342/K342. Rg ≥ VCC VEE VOL IOLPEAK = 18V 0V 2.3V 2.5A = 6.28Ω ≈ 7Ω The VOL value of 2.3V in the previous equation is the VOL at the peak current of 2.5A (see Figure 7). Step 1: Check the ACPL-H342/K342 power dissipation and increase Rg if necessary. The ACPL-H342/K342 total power dissipation (PT ) is equal to the sum of the emitter power (PE) and the output power (PO). PT = PE + PO PE = IF • VF • Duty Cycle PO= PO(BIAS) + PO(SWITCHING) = ICC • (VCC-VEE) + ESW(Rg;Qg) • f Using IF(worst case) = 16mA, Rg = 7Ω, Max Duty Cycle = 80%, Qg = 500nC, f = 25kHz and TA max = 85°C: PE = 16mA • 1.95V • 0.8 = 25mW PO= 2.5mA • 18V + 4µJ • 25 kHz = 45mW + 100mW = 145mW < 500mW (PO(MAX) @ 85°C) The value of 2.5mA for ICC in the previous equation is the maximum ICC over the entire operating temperature range. Esw - ENERGY PER SWITCHING CYCLE - µJ Since PO is less than PO(MAX), Rg = 7Ω is alright for the power dissipation. 8 Qg = 100nc Qg = 500nc Qg = 1000nc 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 Rg - GATE RESISTANCE - Ω 40 50 Figure 36. Energy Dissipated in the ACPL-H342/K342 for each IGBT switching cycle. 16 Anti-Cross Conduction to Prevent Current Shoot Through and Determining Dead Time The ACPL-H342 includes a Propagation Delay Difference (PDD = tPHL – tPLH ) specification to help prevent both the high(Q1) and low(Q2) side power transistors from turning on at the same time. This “Anti-Cross” conduction feature prevents large currents from flowing through the power transistors by ensuring tPHLMAX is faster than tPLHMIN. In another words, the “Anti-Cross” feature will ensure one power transistor is turned off before the other is turned on. A gate driver without Anti-Cross feature will for example has a PDDMIN of -350ns and a PDDMAX of 350ns. A positive PDDMAX of 350ns would mean one transistor will be turn on before the other is off since tPHLMAX is longer than tPLHMIN. This is shown in Figure 37. To prevent this and the shoot through current, the turn on of LED2 should be delayed (relative to the turn off of LED1) so that under worst-case conditions, Q1 has just turned off when Q2 turns on. The amount of delay to achieve this condition is equal to PDDMAX as shown in Figure 38. R High Side PWM + HVDC RG Low Side PWM LED1 R VOUT1 Q1 AC RG LED2 VOUT2 Q2 -HVDC ILED1 ILED1 VOUT1 VOUT1 Q1 ON tPHLMAX Q1 ON tPHLMAX Q1 OFF Q2 ON Q2 ON VOUT2 Q2 OFF tPLHMIN VOUT2 ILED2 ILED2 Shoot Through Figure 37. Current shoot through without Anti-Cross feature 17 Q1 OFF Q2 OFF tPLHMIN PDDMAX = tPHLMAX - tPLHMIN = 350 ns Figure 38. Adding delay to prevent shoot through The ACPL-H342 with the Anti-Cross feature has a PDDMIN of -10ns and a PDDMAX of -200ns. Since the PDD is always a negative value, the tPHLMAX is always faster than tPLHMIN. Thus this simplified the design without having to add any amount of delay for the input LEDs as shown in Figure 39. Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Units tPLH 0.100 0.260 0.350 µs tPHL 0.050 0.145 0.250 µs PDD (tPHL - tPLH) -0.010 -0.100 -0.200 µs ILED1 Dead time is the time period during which both the high(Q1) and low(Q2) side transistor are off. During this time, no work is done and this reduces the efficiency of the inverter or motor drive. The minimum and maximum dead time is shown in Figure 39 and 40 and is equivalent to the PDDMIN and PDDMAX . Due to the smaller PDD and skewed propagation delay configuration, ACPL-H342 shows a smaller maximum dead time as compared to its predecessor, HCPL-3120 as shown in figure 41 and hence an improve in efficiency. Note that the propagation delays used to calculate PDD and dead time are taken at equal temperature and test conditions since the optocouplers under consideration are typically mounted in close proximity to each other and are switching identical IGBTs. ILED1 VOUT1 Q1 ON tPHLMAX Q1 OFF tPLHMAX VOUT2 Q2 OFF VOUT1 Q1 ON tPHLMIN Q2 ON tPLHMIN Q1 OFF tPHLMAX VOUT2 Q2 ON Q2 OFF ILED2 PDDMIN = -10 ns = Minimum Dead Time ILED2 Figure 39. Anti-Cross to prevent shoot through Maximum Dead Time = (tPHLMAX – tPHLMIN) + (tPLHMAX – tPLHMIN) = (tPHLMAX – tPLHMIN) + (tPHLMIN – tPLHMAX) = PDDMAX – PDDMIN = 350 – (-350) = 700 ns ILED1 Figure 41. HCPL-3120 maximum dead time VOUT1 Q1 ON VOUT2 Q2 OFF tPHLMIN Q1 OFF tPLHMAX Q2 ON tPLHMIN ILED2 PDDMAX = -200 ns = Minimum Dead Time Figure 40. Determining maximum dead time 18 tPLHMIN tPLHMAX LED Input Current Hysteresis The detector has optical receiver input stage with built in Schmitt trigger to provide logic compatible waveforms, eliminating the need for additional wave shaping. The hysteresis (Figure 12) provides differential mode noise immunity and minimizes the potential for output signal chatter. Under Voltage Lockout The ACPL-H342 Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO) feature is designed to prevent the application of insufficient gate voltage to the IGBT by forcing the ACPL-H342 output low during power-up. IGBTs typically require gate voltages of 15 V to achieve their rated VCE(ON) voltage. At gate voltages below 13 V typically, the VCE(ON) voltage increases dramatically, especially at higher currents. At very low gate voltages (below 10 V), the IGBT may operate in the linear region and quickly overheat. The UVLO function causes the output to be clamped whenever insufficient operating supply (VCC) is applied. Once VCC exceeds VUVLO+ (the positive-going UVLO threshold), the UVLO clamp is released to allow the device output to turn on in response to input signals. Thermal Model for ACPL-H342/K342 Stretched SO8 Package Optocoupler Definitions: Ambient Temperature: Junction to Ambient Thermal Re sistances were measured approximately 1.25cm above optocoupler at ~23°C in still air Thermal Resistance °C/W R11 145 R12, R21 25, 38 R22 46 This thermal model assumes that an 8-pin single-channel plastic package optocoupler is soldered into a 7.62 cm x 7.62 cm printed circuit board (PCB) per JEDEC standards. The temperature at the LED and Detector junctions of the optocoupler can be calculated using the equations below. T1 = (R11 * P1 + R12 * P2) + TA(1) T2 = (R21 * P1 + R22 * P2) + TA(2) Using the given thermal resistances and thermal model formula in this datasheet, we can calculate the junction temperature for both LED and the output detector. Both junction temperature should be within the absolute maximum rating. For example, given P1 = 45 mW, P2 =210 mW, Ta = 85°C: LED junction temperature, R11: Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance of LED due to heating of LED T1 = (R11 * P1 + R12 * P2) + TA = (145 * 0.045 + 25 * 0.210) + 85 = 97°C R12: Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance of LED due to heating of Detector (Output IC) Output IC junction temperature, R21: Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance of Detector (Output IC) due to heating of LED. T2 = (R21 x P1 + R22 x P2) + TA = (38 *0.045 + 46 * 0.210) + 85 = 96°C R22: Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance of Detector (Output IC) due to heating of Detector (Output IC). T1 and T2 should be limited to 125°C based on the board layout and part placement. P1: Power dissipation of LED (W). Related Application Noted P2: Power dissipation of Detector / Output IC (W). T1: Junction temperature of LED (°C). AN5336 – Gate Drive Optocoupler Basic Design for IGBT/ MOSFET T2: Junction temperature of Detector (°C). AN1043 – Common-Mode Noise: Sources and Solutions TA: Ambient temperature. AN02-0310EN – Plastics Optocouplers Product ESD and Moisture Sensitivity For product information and a complete list of distributors, please go to our web site: www.avagotech.com Avago, Avago Technologies, and the A logo are trademarks of Avago Technologies in the United States and other countries. Data subject to change. Copyright © 2005-2013 Avago Technologies. All rights reserved. AV02-2526EN - March 13, 2013