AD ADF4153BCP

Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer
ADF4153
FEATURES
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
RF bandwidth 500 MHz to 4 GHz
2.7 V to 3.3 V power supply
Separate VP allows extended tuning voltage
Programmable dual-modulus prescaler 4/5, 8/9
Programmable charge pump currents
3-wire serial interface
Analog and digital lock detect
Power-down mode
Pin compatible with the
ADF4110/ADF4111/ADF4112/ADF4113 and ADF4106
Programmable modulus on fractional-N synthesizer
Trade-off noise versus spurious performance
The ADF4153 is a fractional-N frequency synthesizer that
implements local oscillators in the upconversion and
downconversion sections of wireless receivers and transmitters.
It consists of a low noise digital phase frequency detector
(PFD), a precision charge pump, and a programmable reference
divider. There is a Σ-Δ based fractional interpolator to allow
programmable fractional-N division. The INT, FRAC, and
MOD registers define an overall N divider (N = (INT +
(FRAC/MOD))). In addition, the 4-bit reference counter (R
counter) allows selectable REFIN frequencies at the PFD input.
A complete phase-locked loop (PLL) can be implemented if the
synthesizer is used with an external loop filter and a voltage
controlled oscillator (VCO).
APPLICATIONS
CATV equipment
Base stations for mobile radio (GSM, PCS, DCS,
CDMA, WCDMA)
Wireless handsets (GSM, PCS, DCS, CDMA, WCDMA)
Wireless LANs
Communications test equipment
Control of all on-chip registers is via a simple 3-wire interface.
The device operate with a power supply ranging from 2.7 V to
3.3 V and can be powered down when not in use.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
AVDD DVDD VP SDVDD
RSET
ADF4153
REFERENCE
4-BIT
R COUNTER
×2
DOUBLER
REFIN
+
PHASE
FREQUENCY
DETECTOR
–
VDD
HIGH Z
CHARGE
PUMP
DGND
LOCK
DETECT
MUXOUT
CP
OUTPUT
MUX
CURRENT
SETTING
VDD
RDIV
RFCP3 RFCP2 RFCP1
NDIV
N-COUNTER
RFINA
RFINB
THIRD ORDER
FRACTIONAL
INTERPOLATOR
CLOCK
DATA
MODULUS
REG
INTEGER
REG
03685-A-001
LE
FRACTION
REG
24-BIT
DATA
REGISTER
AGND
DGND
CPGND
Figure 1.
Rev. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use.
Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication
or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 781.329.4700
www.analog.com
Fax: 781.326.8703
© 2004 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
ADF4153
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Specifications..................................................................................... 3
R Divider Register, R1................................................................ 17
Timing Characteristics..................................................................... 5
Control Register, R2 ................................................................... 17
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 6
Noise and Spur Register, R3 ...................................................... 18
ESD Caution.................................................................................. 6
Reserved Bits............................................................................... 18
Pin Configuration and Pin Function Descriptions...................... 7
RF Synthesizer: A Worked Example ........................................ 18
Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 8
Modulus....................................................................................... 19
Circuit Description......................................................................... 10
Reference Doubler and Reference Divider ............................. 19
Reference Input Section............................................................. 10
12-Bit Programmable Modulus................................................ 19
RF Input Stage............................................................................. 10
Spurious Optimization and Fastlock ....................................... 19
RF INT Divider........................................................................... 10
Phase Resync and Spur Consistency ....................................... 19
INT, FRAC, MOD, and R Relationship.................................... 10
Spurious Signals—Predicting Where They Will Appear....... 20
RF R COUNTER ........................................................................ 10
Filter Design—ADIsimPLL....................................................... 20
Phase Frequency Detector (PFD) and Charge Pump............ 11
Interfacing ................................................................................... 20
MUXOUT and LOCK Detect................................................... 11
PCB Design Guidelines for Chip Scale Package .................... 21
Input Shift Registers ................................................................... 11
Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 22
Program Modes .......................................................................... 11
Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 22
N Divider Register, R0 ............................................................... 17
REVISION HISTORY
1/04—Data Sheet Changed from a REV. 0 to a REV. A
Renumbered Figures and Tables.............................. UNIVERSAL
Changes to Specifications ............................................................... 3
Changes to Pin Function Description .......................................... 7
Changes to RF Power-Down section .......................................... 17
Changes to PCB Design Guidelines for Chip Scale
Package section .............................................................................. 21
Updated Outline Dimensions ...................................................... 22
Updated Ordering Guide.............................................................. 22
7/03—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. A | Page 2 of 24
ADF4153
SPECIFICATIONS1
AVDD = DVDD = SDVDD = 2.7 V to 3.3 V; VP = AVDD to 5.5 V; AGND = DGND = 0 V; TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted; dBm
referred to 50 Ω.
Table 1.
Parameter
RF CHARACTERISTICS (3 V)
RF Input Frequency (RFIN)2
REFERENCE CHARACTERISTICS
REFIN Input Frequency2
REFIN Input Sensitivity
REFIN Input Capacitance
REFIN Input Current
PHASE DETECTOR
Phase Detector Frequency3
CHARGE PUMP
ICP Sink/Source
High Value
Low Value
Absolute Accuracy
RSET Range
ICP Three-State Leakage Current
Matching
ICP vs. VCP
ICP vs. Temperature
LOGIC INPUTS
VINH, Input High Voltage
VINL, Input Low Voltage
IINH/IINL, Input Current
CIN, Input Capacitance
LOGIC OUTPUTS
VOH, Output High Voltage
VOL, Output Low Voltage
POWER SUPPLIES
AVDD
DVDD, SDVDD
VP
IDD4
Low Power Sleep Mode
NOISE CHARACTERISTICS
Phase Noise Figure of Merit5
ADF4153 Phase Noise Floor6
Phase Noise Performance7
1750 MHz Output8
See footnotes on next page.
B Version
Unit
0.5/4.0
GHz min/max
1.0/4.0
GHz min/max
10/250
MHz min/max
0.7/AVDD
0 to AVDD
10
±100
V p-p min/max
V max
pF max
µA max
32
MHz max
5
312.5
2.5
1.5/10
1
2
2
2
mA typ
µA typ
% typ
kΩ min/max
nA typ
% typ
% typ
% typ
1.4
0.6
±1
10
V min
V max
µA max
pF max
1.4
0.4
V min
V max
2.7/3.3
AVDD
AVDD/5.5
24
1
V min/V max
V min/V max
mA max
µA typ
−217
−147
−143
dBc/Hz typ
dBc/Hz typ
dBc/Hz typ
−106
dBc/Hz typ
Rev. A | Page 3 of 24
Test Conditions/Comments
See Figure 17 for input circuit.
−8 dBm/0 dBm min/max. For lower frequencies,
ensure slew rate (SR) > 396 V/µs.
−10 dBm/0 dBm min/max.
See Figure 16 for input circuit.
For f < 10 MHz, use a dc-coupled CMOS compatible
square wave, slew rate > 21 V/µs.
AC-coupled.
CMOS compatible.
Programmable. See Table 5.
With RSET = 5.1 kΩ.
With RSET = 5.1 kΩ.
Sink and source current.
0.5 V < VCP < VP – 0.5.
0.5 V < VCP < VP – 0.5.
VCP = VP/2.
Open-drain 1 kΩ pull-up to 1.8 V.
IOL = 500 µA.
20 mA typical.
@ 10 MHz PFD frequency.
@ 26 MHz PFD frequency.
@ VCO output.
@ 1 kHz offset, 26 MHz PFD frequency.
ADF4153
1
Operating temperature is B version: −40°C to +80°C.
Use a square wave for frequencies below fMIN.
3
Guaranteed by design. Sample tested to ensure compliance.
4
AC coupling ensures AVDD/2 bias. See Figure 16 for typical circuit.
5
This figure can be used to calculate phase noise for any application. Use the formula –217 + 10log(fPFD) + 20logN to calculate in-band phase noise performance as seen
at the VCO output. The value given is the lowest noise mode.
6
The synthesizer phase noise floor is estimated by measuring the in-band phase noise at the output of the VCO and subtracting 20logN (where N is the N divider value).
The value given is the lowest noise mode.
7
The phase noise is measured with the EVAL-ADF4153EB1 evaluation board and the HP8562E spectrum analyzer.
8
fREFIN = 26 MHz; fPFD = 10 MHz; offset frequency = 1 kHz; RFOUT = 1750 MHz; N = 175; loop B/W = 20 kHz; lowest noise mode.
2
Rev. A | Page 4 of 24
ADF4153
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS1
AVDD = DVDD = SDVDD = 2.7 V to 3.3 V; VP = AVDD to 5.5 V; AGND = DGND = 0 V; TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted; dBm
referred to 50 Ω.
Table 2.
Parameter
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
Unit
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns min
Test Conditions/Comments
LE Setup Time
DATA to CLOCK Setup Time
DATA to CLOCK Hold Time
CLOCK High Duration
CLOCK Low Duration
CLOCK to LE Setup Time
LE Pulse Width
Guaranteed by design but not production tested.
t4
t5
CLOCK
t2
DATA
DB23 (MSB)
t3
DB22
DB2
DB1
(CONTROL BIT C2)
DB0 (LSB)
(CONTROL BIT C1)
t7
LE
t1
t6
04414-0-002
1
Limit at TMIN to TMAX (B Version)
20
10
10
25
25
10
20
LE
Figure 2. Timing Diagram
Rev. A | Page 5 of 24
ADF4153
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS1, 2, 3, 4
TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 3.
Parameter
VDD to GND
VDD to VDD
VP to GND
VP to VDD
Digital I/O Voltage to GND
Analog I/O Voltage to GND
REFIN, RFIN to GND
Operating Temperature Range
Industrial (B Version)
Storage Temperature Range
Maximum Junction Temperature
TSSOP θJA Thermal Impedance
LFCSP θJA Thermal Impedance (Paddle Soldered)
LFCSP θJA Thermal Impedance (Paddle Not Soldered)
Lead Temperature, Soldering
Vapor Phase (60 sec)
Infrared
Rating
−0.3 V to +4 V
−0.3 V to +0.3 V
−0.3 V to +5.8 V
−0.3 V to +5.8 V
−0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
−0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
−0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
−40°C to +85°C
−65°C to +150°C
150°C
150.4°C/W
122°C/W
216°C/W
215°C
220°C
1
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
2
This device is a high performance RF integrated circuit with an ESD rating of < 2 kV, and it is ESD sensitive. Proper precautions should be taken for handling and
assembly.
3
GND = AGND = DGND = 0 V.
4
VDD = AVDD = DVDD = SDVDD.
ESD CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the
human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features
proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy
electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance
degradation or loss of functionality.
Rev. A | Page 6 of 24
ADF4153
20
19
18
17
16
CP
RSET
VP
DVDD
DVDD
PIN CONFIGURATION AND PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
CP 2
CPGND 3
16 VP
15 DVDD
CPGND
AGND
AGND
RFINB
RFINA
14 MUXOUT
ADF4153 13 LE
TOP VIEW
RFINB 5 (Not to Scale) 12 DATA
11 CLK
RFIINA 6
10 SDVDD
9
DGND
PIN 1
INDICATOR
ADF4153
TOP VIEW
15
14
13
12
11
MUXOUT
LE
DATA
CLK
SDVDD
AVDD 6
AVDD 7
REFIN 8
DGND 9
DGND 10
AVDD 7
REFIN 8
03685-A-002
AGND 4
1
2
3
4
5
Figure 3. TSSOP Pin Configuration
03685-A-003
RSET 1
Figure 4. LFCSP Pin Configuration
Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions
TSSOP
1
LFCSP
19
Mnemonic
RSET
Description
Connecting a resistor between this pin and ground sets the maximum charge pump output current.
The relation ship between ICP and RSET is
I CP max =
2
20
CP
3
4
5
1
2, 3
4
CPGND
AGND
RFINB
6
7
5
6, 7
RFINA
AVDD
8
8
REFIN
9
10
9, 10
11
DGND
SDVDD
11
12
CLK
12
13
DATA
13
14
LE
14
15
MUXOUT
15
16, 17
DVDD
16
18
VP
25.5
RSET
With RSET = 5.1 kΩ, ICPmax = 5 mA.
Charge Pump Output. When enabled, this provides ±ICP to the external loop filter, which in turn drives
the external VCO.
Charge Pump Ground. This is the ground return path for the charge pump.
Analog Ground. This is the ground return path of the prescaler.
Complementary Input to the RF Prescaler. This point should be decoupled to the ground plane with a
small bypass capacitor, typically 100 pF (see Figure 17).
Input to the RF Prescaler. This small-signal input is normally ac-coupled from the VCO.
Positive Power Supply for the RF Section. Decoupling capacitors to the digital ground plane should be
placed as close as possible to this pin. AVDD has a value of 3 V ± 10%. AVDD must have the same voltage
as DVDD.
Reference Input. This is a CMOS input with a nominal threshold of VDD/2 and an equivalent input
resistance of 100 kΩ (see Figure 16). This input can be driven from a TTL or CMOS crystal oscillator, or it
can be ac-coupled.
Digital Ground.
∑-∆ Power. Decoupling capacitors to the digital ground plane should be placed as close as possible to
this pin. SDVDD has a value of 3 V ± 10%. SDVDD must have the same voltage as DVDD.
Serial Clock Input. This serial clock is used to clock in the serial data to the registers. The data is latched
into the shift register on the CLK rising edge. This input is a high impedance CMOS input.
Serial Data Input. The serial data is loaded MSB first with the two LSBs being the control bits. This input
is a high impedance CMOS input.
Load Enable, CMOS Input. When LE is high, the data stored in the shift registers is loaded into one of
the four latches, the latch being selected using the control bits.
This multiplexer output allows either the RF lock detect, the scaled RF, or the scaled reference
frequency to be accessed externally.
Positive Power Supply for the Digital Section. Decoupling capacitors to the digital ground plane should
be placed as close as possible to this pin. DVDD has a value of 3 V ± 10%. DVDD must have the same
voltage as AVDD.
Charge Pump Power Supply. This should be greater than or equal to VDD. In systems where VDD is 3 V, it
can be set to 5.5 V and used to drive a VCO with a tuning range of up to 5.5 V.
Rev. A | Page 7 of 24
ADF4153
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Figure 5 to Figure 10: RFOUT = 1.722 GHz, PFD Freq = 26 MHz, INT = 66, Channel Spacing = 200 kHz, Modulus = 130, Fraction = 1/130,
and ICP = 5 mA.
Loop Bandwidth = 20 kHz, Reference = Fox 10 MHz TCXO, VCO = Vari-L VCO190-1750T, Eval Board = Eval-ADF4153EB1,
measurements taken on HP8562E spectrum analyzer.
0
0
REFERENCE
LEVEL = –4dBm
OUTPUT POWER (dB)
–20
–30
–40
VDD = 3V, VP = 5V
ICP = 5mA
PFD FREQUENCY = 26MHz
CHANNEL STEP = 200kHz
LOOP BANDWIDTH = 20kHz
LOWEST NOISE MODE
N = 66 1/130
RBW = 10Hz
–10
–20
OUTPUT POWER (dB)
–10
–50
–60
–70
REFERENCE
LEVEL = –4.2dBm
–30
–40
VDD = 3V, VP = 5V
ICP = 5mA
PFD FREQUENCY = 26MHz
CHANNEL STEP = 200kHz
LOOP BANDWIDTH = 20kHz
LOWEST NOISE MODE
N = 66 1/130
RBW = 10Hz
–50
–60
–71dBc@200kHz
–70
–102dBc/Hz
03685-A-004
–90
–100
–2kHz
–1kHz
1.722GHz
1kHz
–90
–100
–400kHz
2kHz
Figure 5. Phase Noise (Lowest Noise Mode)
200kHz
400kHz
–40
–50
–10
–20
–60
–95dBc/Hz
–70
–30
–40
–74dBc@200kHz
VDD = 3V, VP = 5V
ICP = 5mA
PFD FREQUENCY = 26MHz
CHANNEL STEP = 200kHz
LOOP BANDWIDTH = 20kHz
LOW NOISE AND
SPUR MODE
N = 66 1/130
RBW = 10Hz
–50
–60
–70
–90
–100
–2kHz
–1kHz
1.722GHz
1kHz
03685-A-008
–80
03685-A-005
–80
REFERENCE
LEVEL = –4.2dBm
–90
–100
–400kHz
2kHz
Figure 6. Phase Noise (Low Noise Mode and Spur Mode)
–200kHz
1.722GHz
200kHz
400kHz
Figure 9. Spurs (Low Noise and Spur Mode)
0
0
–30
–40
–10
–50
–60
REFERENCE
LEVEL = –4.2dBm
–20
OUTPUT POWER (dB)
REFERENCE
LEVEL = –4.2dBm
VDD = 3V, VP = 5V
ICP = 5mA
PFD FREQUENCY = 26MHz
CHANNEL STEP = 200kHz
LOOP BANDWIDTH = 20kHz
LOWEST SPUR MODE
N = 66 1/130
RBW = 10Hz
–90dBc/Hz
–70
–40
–50
–60
–70
–80
03685-A-006
–80
–30
VDD = 3V, VP = 5V
ICP = 5mA
PFD FREQUENCY = 26MHz
CHANNEL STEP = 200kHz
LOOP BANDWIDTH = 20kHz
LOWEST SPUR NOISE
N = 66 1/130
RBW = 10Hz
–90
–100
–2kHz
–1kHz
1.722GHz
1kHz
03685-A-009
OUTPUT POWER (dB)
–30
VDD = 3V, VP = 5V
ICP = 5mA
PFD FREQUENCY = 26MHz
CHANNEL STEP = 200kHz
LOOP BANDWIDTH = 20kHz
LOW NOISE AND
SPUR MODE
N = 66 1/130
RBW = 10Hz
OUTPUT POWER (dB)
REFERENCE
LEVEL = –4.2dBm
–20
OUTPUT POWER (dB)
1.722GHz
0
–10
–20
–200kHz
Figure 8. Spurs (Lowest Noise Mode)
0
–10
03685-A-007
–80
–80
–90
–100
–400kHz
2kHz
Figure 7. Phase Noise (Lowest Spur Mode)
–200kHz
1.722GHz
200kHz
Figure 10. Spurs (Lowest Spur Mode)
Rev. A | Page 8 of 24
400kHz
ADF4153
–130
–80
PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)
–150
–90
–95
–100
–160
–170
100
1000
10000
–110
100000
03685-A-013
–105
03685-A-010
PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)
–85
–140
0
5
10
PHASE DETECTOR FREQUENCY (kHz)
Figure 11. PFD Noise Floor vs. PFD Frequency (Lowest Noise Mode)
15
20
RSET VALUE (kΩ)
25
30
35
Figure 14. Phase Noise vs. RSET
5
–90
0
–92
P = 4/5
–15
–20
–30
–35
03685-A-011
–25
P = 8/9
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
–94
–96
–98
–100
–102
4.5
–104
–60
FREQUENCY (GHz)
03685-A-014
–10
PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)
AMPLITUDE (dBm)
–5
–40
–20
0
20
40
TEMPERATURE(°C)
60
Figure 12. RF Input Sensitivity
Figure 15. Phase Noise vs. Temperature
6
5
4
3
2
0
–1
–2
–3
–4
03685-A-012
ICP(mA)
1
–5
–6
0
1
2
3
4
5
VCP(V)
Figure 13. Charge Pump Output Characteristics
Rev. A | Page 9 of 24
80
100
ADF4153
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
REFERENCE INPUT SECTION
INT, FRAC, MOD, AND R RELATIONSHIP
The reference input stage is shown in Figure 16. SW1 and SW2
are normally closed switches. SW3 is normally open. When
power-down is initiated, SW3 is closed and SW1 and SW2 are
opened. This ensures that there is no loading of the REFIN pin
on power-down.
The INT, FRAC, and MOD values, in conjunction with the
R counter, make it possible to generate output frequencies that
are spaced by fractions of the phase frequency detector (PFD).
See the RF Synthesizer: A Worked Example section for more
information. The RF VCO frequency (RFOUT) equation is
RFOUT = FPFD × (INT + (FRAC MOD ))
POWER-DOWN
CONTROL
where RFOUT is the output frequency of external voltage
controlled oscillator (VCO).
100kΩ
NC
SW2
TO R COUNTER
REFIN NC
FPFD = REFIN × (1 + D ) R
BUFFER
04414-0-010
SW1
SW3
NO
(1)
(2)
where:
Figure 16. Reference Input Stage
REFIN is the reference input frequency.
RF INPUT STAGE
The RF input stage is shown in Figure 17. It is followed by a
2-stage limiting amplifier to generate the current mode logic
(CML) clock levels needed for the prescaler.
AVDD
2kΩ
R is the preset divide ratio of binary 4-bit programmable
reference counter (1 to 15).
INT is the preset divide ratio of binary 9-bit counter (31 to 511).
1.6V
BIAS
GENERATOR
D is the REFIN doubler bit.
MOD is the preset modulus ratio of binary 12-bit
programmable FRAC counter (2 to 4095).
2kΩ
FRAC is the preset fractional ratio of binary 12-bit
programmable FRAC counter (0 to MOD).
RFINA
RF R COUNTER
The 4-bit RF R counter allows the input reference frequency
(REFIN) to be divided down to produce the reference clock to
the PFD. Division ratios from 1 to 15 are allowed.
AGND
03685-A-015
RFINB
RF N DIVIDER
FROM RF
INPUT STAGE
Figure 17. RF Input Stage
TO PFD
N-COUNTER
THIRD ORDER
FRACTIONAL
INTERPOLATOR
RF INT DIVIDER
INT
REG
MOD
REG
FRAC
VALUE
03685-A-016
The RF INT CMOS counter allows a division ratio in the PLL
feedback counter. Division ratios from 31 to 511 are allowed.
N = INT + FRAC/MOD
Figure 18. A and B Counters
Rev. A | Page 10 of 24
ADF4153
PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR (PFD) AND
CHARGE PUMP
INPUT SHIFT REGISTERS
The PFD takes inputs from the R counter and N counter and
produces an output proportional to the phase and frequency
difference between them. Figure 19 is a simplified schematic.
The PFD includes a fixed delay element that sets the width of
the antibacklash pulse, which is typically 3 ns. This pulse
ensures that there is no dead zone in the PFD transfer function,
and gives a consistent reference spur level.
HI
D1
Q1
UP
The ADF4153 digital section includes a 4-bit RF R counter, a 9bit RF N counter, a 12-bit FRAC counter, and a 12-bit modulus
counter. Data is clocked into the 24-bit shift register on each
rising edge of CLK. The data is clocked in MSB first. Data is
transferred from the shift register to one of four latches on the
rising edge of LE. The destination latch is determined by the
state of the two control bits (C2 and C1) in the shift register.
These are the 2 LSBs, DB1 and DB0, as shown in Figure 2. The
truth table for these bits is shown in Table 5. Table 6 shows a
summary of how the latches are programmed.
U1
+IN
PROGRAM MODES
CLR1
DELAY
Table 5 through Table 10 show how to set up the program
modes in the ADF4153.
CP
The ADF4153 programmable modulus is double buffered. This
means that two events have to occur before the part uses a new
modulus value. First, the new modulus value is latched into the
device by writing to the R divider register. Second, a new write
must be performed on the N divider register. Therefore, any
time that the modulus value has been updated, the N divider
register must be written to after this, to ensure that the modulus
value is loaded correctly.
CLR2
DOWN
D2
Q2
03685-A-017
HI
CHARGE
PUMP
U3
U2
–IN
Figure 19. PFD Simplified Schematic
MUXOUT AND LOCK DETECT
The output multiplexer on the ADF4153 allows the user to
access various internal points on the chip. The state of
MUXOUT is controlled by M3, M2, and M1 (see Table 8).
Figure 20 shows the MUXOUT section in block diagram form.
The N-channel open-drain analog lock detect should be
operated with an external pull-up resistor of 10 kΩ nominal.
When lock has been detected, it is high with narrow low-going
pulses.
Table 5. C2 and C1 Truth Table
Control Bits
C2
C1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
DVDD
THREE-STATE OUTPUT
LOGIC LOW
DIGITAL LOCK DETECT
R COUNTER OUTPUT
MUX
MUXOUT
CONTROL
N COUNTER OUTPUT
LOGIC HIGH
DGND
03685-A-018
ANALOG LOCK DETECT
Figure 20. MUXOUT Schematic
Rev. A | Page 11 of 24
Register
N Divider Register
R Divider Register
Control Register
Noise and Spur Register
ADF4153
Table 6. Register Summary
FASTLOCK
N DIVIDER REG
9-BIT INTEGER VALUE (INT)
DB23
DB22
FL1
N9
DB21 DB20
N8
N7
DB19 DB18
N6
N5
DB17
N4
CONTROL
BITS
12-BIT FRACTIONAL VALUE (FRAC)
DB16 DB15 DB14
N3
N2
N1
DB13
DB12 DB11
F12
F11
F10
DB10
DB9
DB8
F9
F8
F7
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
F6
F5
F4
F3
F2
F1
C2 (0)
C1 (0)
R3
R2
R1
M12
M11
DB11 DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
M10
M8
M7
M6
M5
M4
M3
M2
M1
M9
DB1
DB0
C2 (0) C1 (1)
CONTROL REG
RESYNC
DB15
DB14
DB13
S4
S3
S2
DB12 DB11 DB10
S1
U6
CP3
CONTROL
BITS
DB9
DB8
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
CP2
CP1
CP0
U5
U4
U3
U2
U1
CP CURRENT
SETTING
DB0
C2 (1) C1 (0)
NOISE AND SPUR REG
NOISE AND SPUR
MODE
RESERVED
DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
T9
T8
T7
T6
T5
T4
T3
T2
T1
Rev. A | Page 12 of 24
CONTROL
BITS
DB1
C2 (1)
DB0
C1 (1)
03685-A-019
R4
DB12
COUNTER
RESET
P1
DB13
NOISE
AND SPUR
MODE
P2
DB14
CP
THREE-STATE
M1
DB16 DB15
POWERDOWN
M2
DB17
LDP
M3
DB19 DB18
PD POLARITY
P3
DB21 DB20
CP/2
DB22
CONTROL
BITS
12-BIT INTERPOLATOR MODULUS VALUE (MOD)
RESERVED
DB23
4-BIT
R COUNTER
REFERENCE
DOUBLER
MUXOUT
PRESCALER
RESERVED
LOAD
CONTROL
R DIVIDER REG
ADF4153
FAST LOCK
Table 7. N Divider Register Map
DB23
DB22
FL1
N9
N8
N7
DB19 DB18
N6
DB17
N5
N4
DB16 DB15
N3
DB14
DB13
DB12
DB11
DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
N1
F12
F11
F10
F9
F8
F7
F6
F5
F4
F3
F2
F1
C2 (0)
C1 (0)
N2
F12
F11
F10
F3
F2
F1
FRACTIONAL VALUE (FRAC)
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
0
0
1
1
.
.
.
0
0
1
0
1
.
.
.
0
0
1
2
3
.
.
.
4092
1
1
1
..........
1
0
1
4093
1
1
1
..........
1
1
0
4094
1
1
1
..........
1
1
1
4095
N9
N8
N7
N6
N5
N4
N3
N2
N1
INTEGER VALUE (INT)
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
0
1
1
1
.
.
.
1
1
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
1
0
0
0
.
.
...
1
1
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
1
0
0
1
.
.
.
0
1
0
1
0
.
.
.
1
31
32
33
34
.
.
.
509
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
510
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
511
FASTLOCK
NORMAL OPERATION
FAST LOCK ENABLED
03685-A-020
FL1
0
1
DB21 DB20
CONTROL
BITS
12-BIT FRACTIONAL VALUE (FRAC)
9-BIT INTEGER VALUE (INT)
Rev. A | Page 13 of 24
ADF4153
DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20
P3
P3
0
1
M3
M2
LOAD CONTROL
NORMAL OPERATION
LOAD RESYNC
DB19 DB18
M1
P2
P1
0
1
P1
4-BIT R COUNTER
DB17 DB16 DB15 DB14 DB13
R4
R2
R3
R1
PRESCALER
4/5
8/9
M12
DB12 DB11 DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
M11
M8
M7
M6
M5
M4
M3
M2
M1
M10
M9
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
0
0
1
.
.
.
1
1
1
0
.
.
.
0
1
..........
1
0
1
4093
1
1
..........
1
1
0
4094
1
1
..........
1
1
1
4095
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
1
R1
RF R COUNTER
DIVIDE RATIO
0
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
0
0
0
1
.
.
.
1
0
1
1
0
.
.
.
0
1
0
1
0
.
.
.
0
1
2
3
4
.
.
.
12
1
1
0
1
13
1
1
1
0
14
1
1
1
1
15
M1
MUXOUT
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
THREE-STATE OUTPUT
DIGITAL LOCK DETECT
N DIVIDER OUTPUT
LOGIC HIGH
R DIVIDER OUTPUT
ANALOG LOCK DETECT
FASTLOCK SWITCH
LOGIC LOW
C2 (0) C1 (1)
INTERPOLATOR
M1 MODULUS VALUE (MOD)
0
2
1
3
0
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
0
4092
M10
R2
M2
DB0
M2
M11
R3
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
DB1
M3
M12
R4
M3
CONTROL
BITS
12-BIT INTERPOLATOR MODULUS VALUE (MOD)
03685-A-021
MUXOUT
PRESCALER
RESERVED
LOAD
CONTROL
Table 8. R Divider Register Map
Rev. A | Page 14 of 24
ADF4153
LDP
POWERDOWN
CP
THREE-STATE
COUNTER
RESET
CONTROL
BITS
DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
CP3
CP2
CP1
CP0
U5
U4
U3
U2
U1
C2 (1)
C1 (0)
RESYNC
DB15
DB14
DB13
S4
S3
S2
CP/2
REFERENCE
DOUBLE
PD POLARITY
Table 9. Control Register Map
DB12 DB11
S1
U6
CP CURRENT
SETTING
REFERENCE
DOUBLER
DISABLED
ENABLED
U6
0
1
S4
S3
S2
S1
RESYNC
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
1
1
0
0
0
.
.
.
1
1
1
0
1
1
.
.
.
0
1
1
1
0
1
.
.
.
1
0
1
1
2
3
.
.
.
13
14
15
U2
0
1
U1
COUNTER RESET
0
1
DISABLED
ENABLED
CP THREE-STATE
DISABLED
THREE-STATE
U3
POWER-DOWN
0
1
NORMAL OPERATION
POWER-DOWN
ICP(mA)
CP2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
CP1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
CP0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2.7kΩ
1.09
2.18
3.26
4.35
5.44
6.53
7.62
8.70
5.1kΩ
0.63
1.25
1.88
2.50
3.13
3.75
4.38
5.00
10kΩ
0.29
0.59
0.88
1.15
1.47
1.76
2.06
2.35
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0.54
1.10
1.64
2.18
2.73
3.27
3.81
4.35
0.31
0.63
0.94
1.25
1.57
1.88
2.19
2.50
0.15
0.30
0.44
0.588
0.74
0.88
1.03
1.18
Rev. A | Page 15 of 24
U4
0
1
U5
0
1
LDP
3
5
PD POLARITY
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
03685-A-022
CP3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ADF4153
NOISE AND SPUR
MODE
NOISE
AND SPUR
MODE
RESERVED
Table 10. Noise and Spur Register
RESERVED
CONTROL
BITS
DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
T9
T8
T7
T6
T5
T4
T3
T2
T1
C2 (1)
C1 (1)
DB10, DB5, DB4, DB3
RESERVED
0
RESERVED
DB9, DB8, DB7, DB6, DB2
NOISE AND SPUR SETTING
00000
11100
11111
LOWEST SPUR MODE
LOW NOISE AND SPUR MODE
LOWEST NOISE MODE
Rev. A | Page 16 of 24
03685-A-023
THESE BITS MUST BE SET TO 0
FOR NORMAL OPERATION.
ADF4153
takes the clock from the RF input stage and divides it down for
the counters. It is based on a synchronous 4/5 core. When set to
4/5, the maximum RF frequency allowed is 2 GHz. Therefore,
when operating the ADF4153 above 2 GHz, this must be set to
8/9. The prescaler limits the INT value.
N DIVIDER REGISTER, R0
With R0[1, 0] set to [0, 0], the on-chip N divider register is
programmed. Table 7 shows the input data format for
programming this register.
9-Bit INT Value
These nine bits control what is loaded as the INT value. This is
used to determine the overall feedback division factor. It is used
in Equation 1.
With P = 4/5, NMIN = 31.
12-Bit FRAC Value
The prescaler can also influence the phase noise performance. If
INT < 91, a prescaler of 4/5 should be used. For applications
where INT > 91, P = 8/9 should be used for optimum noise
performance (see Table 8).
These 12 bits control what is loaded as the FRAC value into the
fractional interpolator. This is part of what determines the
overall feedback division factor. It is used in Equation 1. The
FRAC value must be less than or equal to the value loaded into
the MOD register.
Fastlock
When set to logic high, this enables the fastlock. This sets the
charge pump current to its maximum value. When set to logic
low, the charge pump current is equal to the value programmed
in the function register.
R DIVIDER REGISTER, R1
With R1[1, 0] set to [0, 1], the on-chip R divider register is
programmed. Table 8 shows the input data format for
programming this register.
With P = 8/9, NMIN = 91.
4-Bit RF R Counter
The 4-bit RF R counter allows the input reference frequency
(REFIN) to be divided down to produce the reference clock to
the phase frequency detector (PFD). Division ratios from 1 to
15 are allowed.
12-Bit Interpolator Modulus
This programmable register sets the fractional modulus. This is
the ratio of the PFD frequency to the channel step resolution on
the RF output. Refer to the RF Synthesizer: A Worked Example
section for more information.
The ADF4153 programmable modulus is double buffered. This
means that two events have to occur before the part uses a new
modulus value. First, the new modulus value is latched into the
device by writing to the R divider register. Second, a new write
must be performed on the N divider register. Therefore, any
time that the modulus value has been updated, the N divider
register must be written to after this, to ensure that the modulus
value is loaded correctly.
Load Control
When set to logic high, the value being programmed in the
modulus is not loaded into the modulus. Instead, it sets the
resync delay of the Σ-Δ. This is done to ensure phase resync
when changing frequencies. See the Phase Resync and Spur
Consistency section for more information and a worked
example.
CONTROL REGISTER, R2
MUXOUT
With R2[1, 0] set to [0, 1], the on-chip control register is
programmed. Table 9 shows the input data format for
programming this register.
The on-chip multiplexer is controlled by R1[22 ... 20] on the
ADF4153. Table 8 shows the truth table.
Digital Lock Detect
RF Counter Reset
The digital lock detect output goes high if there are 40
successive PFD cycles with an input error of less than 15 ns. It
stays high until a new channel is programmed or until the error
at the PFD input exceeds 30 ns for one or more cycles. If the
loop bandwidth is narrow compared to the PFD frequency, the
error at the PFD inputs may drop below 15 ns for 40 cycles
around a cycle slip. Therefore, the digital lock detect may go
falsely high for a short period until the error again exceeds
30 ns. In this case, the digital lock detect is reliable only as a
loss-of-lock detector.
Prescaler (P/P + 1)
The dual-modulus prescaler (P/P + 1), along with the INT,
FRAC, and MOD counters, determines the overall division ratio
from the RFIN to the PFD input. Operating at CML levels, it
DB3 is the RF counter reset bit for the ADF4153. When this is 1,
the RF synthesizer counters are held in reset. For normal
operation, this bit should be 0.
RF Charge Pump Three-State
This bit puts the charge pump into three-state mode when
programmed to 1. It should be set to 0 for normal operation.
RF Power-Down
DB4 on the ADF4153 provides the programmable power-down
mode. Setting this bit to 1 performs a power-down. Setting this
bit to 0 returns the synthesizer to normal operation. While in
software power-down mode, the part retains all information in
its registers. Only when supplies are removed are the register
contents lost.
Rev. A | Page 17 of 24
ADF4153
When a power-down is activated, the following events occur:
DB6 in the ADF4153 sets the phase detector polarity. When the
VCO characteristics are positive, this should be set to 1. When
they are negative, it should be set to 0.
dither is enabled. This randomizes the fractional quantization
noise so that it looks more like white noise rather than spurious
noise. This means that the part is optimized for improved
spurious performance. This operation would normally be used
when the PLL closed-loop bandwidth is wide, for fast-locking
applications. (Wide-loop bandwidth is seen as a loop bandwidth
greater than 1/10 of the RFOUT channel step resolution (fRES)). A
wide-loop filter does not attenuate the spurs to a level that a
narrow-loop bandwidth would. When the low noise and spur
setting is enabled, dither is disabled. This optimizes the
synthesizer to operate with improved noise performance.
However, the spurious performance is degraded in this mode
compared to the lowest spurs setting. To further improve noise
performance, the lowest noise setting option can be used, which
reduces the phase noise. As well as disabling the dither, it also
ensures that the charge pump is operating in an optimum
region for noise performance. This setting is extremely useful
where a narrow-loop filter bandwidth is available. The
synthesizer ensures extremely low noise and the filter attenuates
the spurs. The typical performance characteristics give the user
an idea of the trade-off in a typical WCDMA setup for the
different noise and spur settings.
Charge Pump Current Setting
RESERVED BITS
DB7, DB8, and DB9 set the charge pump current setting. This
should be set to the charge pump current that the loop filter is
designed with (see Table 9).
These bits should be set to 0 for normal operation.
REFIN Doubler
This equation governs how the synthesizer should be
programmed.
1.
All active dc current paths are removed.
2.
The synthesizer counters are forced to their load state
conditions.
3.
The charge pump is forced into three-state mode.
4.
The digital lock detect circuitry is reset.
5.
The RFIN input is debiased.
6.
The input register remains active and capable of loading
and latching data.
Lock Detect Precision (LDP)
When this bit is programmed to 0, three consecutive reference
cycles of 15 ns must occur before digital lock detect is set. When
this bit is programmed to 1, five consecutive reference cycles of
15 ns must occur before digital lock detect is set.
Phase Detector Polarity
Setting this bit to 0 feeds the REFIN signal directly to the 4-bit
RF R counter, disabling the doubler. Setting this bit to 1
multiplies the REFIN frequency by a factor of 2 before feeding
into the 4-bit R counter. When the doubler is disabled, the REFIN
falling edge is the active edge at the PFD input to the fractional
synthesizer. When the doubler is enabled, both the rising and
falling edges of REFIN become active edges at the PFD input.
When the doubler is enabled and the lowest spur mode is
chosen, the in-band phase noise performance is sensitive to the
REFIN duty cycle. The phase noise degradation can be as much
as 5 dB for the REFIN duty cycles outside a 45% to 55% range.
The phase noise is insensitive to the REFIN duty cycle in the
lowest noise mode and in the lowest noise and spur mode. The
phase noise is insensitive to REFIN duty cycle when the doubler
is disabled.
RF SYNTHESIZER: A WORKED EXAMPLE
[
]
RFOUT = INT + (FRAC MOD ) × [FPFD ]
(3)
where:
RFOUT is the RF frequency output.
INT is the integer division factor.
FRAC is the fractionality.
MOD is the modulus.
[
FPFD = REFIN × (1 + D ) R
]
where:
REFIN is the reference frequency input.
NOISE AND SPUR REGISTER, R3
D is the RF REFIN doubler bit.
With R3[1, 0] set to 1, 1, the on-chip noise and spur register is
programmed. Table 10 shows the input data format for
programming this register.
R is the RF reference division factor.
Noise and Spur Mode
Noise and spur mode allows the user to optimize a design either
for improved spurious performance or for improved phase
noise performance. When the lowest spur setting is chosen,
Rev. A | Page 18 of 24
(4)
ADF4153
Example: In a GSM 1800 system, where 1.8 GHz RF frequency
output (RFOUT) is required, a 13 MHz reference frequency input
(REFIN) is available and a 200 kHz channel resolution (fRES) is
required on the RF output.
MOD = REFIN f RES
MOD = 13 MHz 200 kHz = 65
From Equation 4:
[
]
FPFD = 13 MHz × (1 + 0 ) 1 = 13 MHz
(5)
1.8 G = 13 MHz × (INT + FRAC 65) ≥
(6)
INT = 138; ≥ FRAC = 30
MODULUS
The choice of modulus (MOD) depends on the reference signal
(REFIN) available and the channel resolution (fRES) required at
the RF output. For example, a GSM system with 13 MHz REFIN
would set the modulus to 65. This means that the RF output
resolution (fRES) is the 200 kHz (13 MHz/65) necessary for GSM.
REFERENCE DOUBLER AND REFERENCE DIVIDER
The reference doubler on-chip allows the input reference signal
to be doubled. This is useful for increasing the PFD comparison
frequency. Making the PFD frequency higher improves the
noise performance of the system. Doubling the PFD frequency
usually results in an improvement in noise performance of 3 dB.
It is important to note that the PFD cannot be operated above
32 MHz due to a limitation in the speed of the Σ-Δ circuit of
the N divider.
benefit. PDC requires 25 kHz channel step resolution, whereas
GSM 1800 requires 200 kHz channel step resolution. A 13 MHz
reference signal could be fed directly to the PFD. The modulus
would be programmed to 520 when in PDC mode (13 MHz/
520 = 25 kHz). The modulus would be reprogrammed to 65 for
GSM 1800 operation (13 MHz/65 = 200 kHz). It is important
that the PFD frequency remains constant (13 MHz). This allows
the user to design one loop filter that can be used in both setups
without running into stability issues. It is the ratio of the RF
frequency to the PFD frequency that affects the loop design.
Keeping this relationship constant, instead of changing the
modulus factor, results in a stable filter.
SPURIOUS OPTIMIZATION AND FASTLOCK
As mentioned earlier, the part can be optimized for spurious
performance. However, in fast locking applications, the loop
bandwidth needs to be wide, and therefore the filter does not
provide much attenuation of the spurs. The programmable
charge pump can be used to get around this issue. The filter is
designed for a narrow-loop bandwidth so that steady-state
spurious specifications are met. This is designed using the
lowest charge pump current setting. To implement fastlock
during a frequency jump, the charge pump current is set to the
maximum setting for the duration of the jump. This has the
effect of widening the loop bandwidth, which improves lock
time. When the PLL has locked to the new frequency, the charge
pump is again programmed to the lowest charge pump current
setting. This narrows the loop bandwidth to its original cutoff
frequency to allow better attenuation of the spurs than the
wide-loop bandwidth.
PHASE RESYNC AND SPUR CONSISTENCY
12-BIT PROGRAMMABLE MODULUS
Unlike most other fractional-N PLLs, the ADF4153 allows the
user to program the modulus over a 12-bit range. This means
that the user can set up the part in many different
configurations for the application, when combined with the
reference doubler and the 4-bit R counter.
For example, here is an application that requires 1.75 GHz RF
and 200 kHz channel step resolution. The system has a 13 MHz
reference signal.
One possible setup is feeding the 13 MHz directly to the PFD
and programming the modulus to divide by 65. This would
result in the required 200 kHz resolution.
Another possible setup is using the reference doubler to create
26 MHz from the 13 MHz input signal. This 26 MHz is then fed
into the PFD. The modulus is now programmed to divide by
130. This also results in 200 kHz resolution and offers superior
phase noise performance over the previous setup.
The programmable modulus is also very useful for multistandard applications. If a dual-mode phone requires PDC and
GSM 1800 standards, the programmable modulus is a huge
Setting the RESYNC bits [S4 ,S3, S2, and S1] enables the phase
RESYNC feature. With a fractional denominator of MOD, a
fractional-N PLL can settle with any one of (2 × π)/MOD valid
phase offsets with respect to the reference input. This is
different from integer-N where the RF output always settles to
the same static phase offset with respect to the input reference,
which is zero ideally. This is not an issue in applications that
require only a consistent frequency lock. When RESYNC is
enabled, it also ensures that spur levels remain consistent when
the PLL returns to a certain frequency. This is due to the fact
that the RESYNC function resets the Σ-Δ modulator. RESYNC
is enabled by setting the S4 to S1 bits in R2 to a nonzero value.
When the S4 to S1 bits are 0, 0, 0, and 0, RESYNC is disabled.
For applications where a consistent phase relationship between
the output and reference is required (i.e., digital beam forming),
the ADF4153 can be used with the phase resync feature enabled.
This ensures that if the user programs the PLL to jump from
Frequency (and Phase) A to Frequency (and Phase) B and back
again to Frequency A, the PLL returns to the original phase
(Phase A).
Rev. A | Page 19 of 24
ADF4153
When enabled, it activates every time the user programs
Register R0 to set a new output frequency. However, if a cycle
slip occurs in the settling transient after the phase RESYNC
operation, the phase RESYNC is lost. This can be avoided by
delaying the RESYNC activation until the locking transient is
close to its final frequency. This is done by rewriting to R1 after
R1 has been set up as normal. Setting load control [DB23]
allows this. When set, instead of determining the fractional
denominator, the MOD bits [M12 to M1] are used to set a time
interval from when the new channel is programmed to the time
the RESYNC is activated. This is called the delay. Its value
should be programmed to set a time interval that is at least as
long as the RF PLL lock time.
INTERFACING
For example, if REFIN = 26 MHz and MOD = 130 to give
200 kHz output steps (fRES), and the RF loop has a settling
time of 150 µs, then delay should be programmed to 3,900,
as 26 MHz × 150 µs = 3,900.
ADuC812 Interface
SPURIOUS SIGNALS—PREDICTING WHERE THEY
WILL APPEAR
Just as in integer-N PLLs, spurs appear at PFD frequency offsets
from the carrier. In a fractional-N PLL, spurs also appear at
frequencies equal to the RFOUT channel step resolution (fRES).
The third-order fractional interpolator engine of the ADF4153
may also introduce subfractional spurs. If the fractional
denominator (MOD) is divisible by 2, spurs appear at 1/2 fRES. If
the fractional denominator (MOD) is divisible by 3, spurs
appear at 1/3 fRES. Harmonics of all spurs mentioned will also
appear. With the lowest spur mode enabled, the fractional and
subfractional spurs is attenuated dramatically. The worst-case
spurs appear when the fraction is programmed to (1/MOD).
For example, in a GSM 900 MHz system with a 26 MHz PFD
frequency and an RFOUT channel step resolution (fRES) of 200
kHz, the MOD = 130. PFD spurs appear at 26 MHz offset, and
fractional spurs appear at 200 kHz offset. Since MOD is
divisible by 2, subfractional spurs are also present at 100 kHz
offset.
The maximum allowable serial clock rate is 20 MHz. This
means that the maximum update rate possible for the device is
909 kHz or one update every 1.1 µs. This is more than adequate
for systems that have typical lock times in the hundreds of
microseconds.
Figure 21 shows the interface between the ADF4153 and the
ADuC812 MicroConverter®. Since the ADuC812 is based on an
8051 core, this interface can be used with any 8051-based
microcontroller. The MicroConverter is set up for SPI master
mode with CPHA = 0. To initiate the operation, the I/O port
driving LE is brought low. Each latch of the ADF4153 needs a
24-bit word, which is accomplished by writing three 8-bit bytes
from the MicroConverter to the device. After the third byte is
written, the LE input should be brought high to complete the
transfer.
When operating in the mode described, the maximum
SCLOCK rate of the ADuC812 is 4 MHz. This means that the
maximum rate at which the output frequency can be changed is
180 kHz.
FILTER DESIGN—ADISIMPLL
A filter design and analysis program is available to help the user
to implement PLL design. Visit www.analog.com/pll for a free
download of the ADIsimPLL software. The software designs,
simulates, and analyzes the entire PLL frequency domain and
time domain response. Various passive and active filter
architectures are allowed. REV. #2 of ADIsimPLL allows analysis
of the ADF4153.
Rev. A | Page 20 of 24
ADuC812
SCLOCK
MOSI
ADF4153
SCLK
SDATA
LE
I/O PORTS
MUXOUT
(LOCK DETECT)
Figure 21. ADuC812 to ADF4153 Interface
03685-A-024
If the application requires the delay to be greater than 4095, the
RESYNC bits should be increased. For example, if the lock time
above is 1.5 ms, the delay should be programmed to 26 MHz ×
1.5 ms = 39,000. In this case, program M12 to M1 to 3,900 and
program S4 to S1 to 10. The delay is 3,900 × 10 = 39,000.
The ADF4153 has a simple SPI® compatible serial interface for
writing to the device. SCLK, SDATA, and LE control the data
transfer. When LE (latch enable) is high, the 22 bits that have
been clocked into the input register on each rising edge of
SCLK are transferred to the appropriate latch. See Figure 2 for
the timing diagram and Table 5 for the latch truth table.
ADF4153
ADSP-2181 Interface
Figure 22 shows the interface between the ADF4153 and the
ADSP-21xx digital signal processor. As discussed previously, the
ADF4153 needs a 24-bit serial word for each latch write. The
easiest way to accomplish this using the ADSP-21xx family is to
use the autobuffered transmit mode of operation with alternate
framing. This provides a means for transmitting an entire block
of serial data before an interrupt is generated. Set up the word
length for eight bits and use three memory locations for each
24-bit word. To program each 24-bit latch, store the three 8-bit
bytes, enable the autobuffered mode, and write to the transmit
register of the DSP. This last operation initiates the autobuffer
transfer.
ADSP-21xx
TFS
I/O FLAGS
SCLK
SDATA
LE
MUXOUT
(LOCK DETECT)
03685-A-025
DT
The lands on the chip scale package (CP-20) are rectangular.
The printed circuit board pad for these should be 0.1 mm
longer than the package land length and 0.05 mm wider than
the package land width. The land should be centered on the pad.
This ensures that the solder joint size is maximized.
The bottom of the chip scale package has a central thermal pad.
The thermal pad on the printed circuit board should be at least
as large as this exposed pad. On the printed circuit board, there
should be a clearance of at least 0.25 mm between the thermal
pad and the inner edges of the pad pattern. This ensures that
shorting is avoided.
Thermal vias may be used on the printed circuit board thermal
pad to improve thermal performance of the package. If vias are
used, they should be incorporated in the thermal pad at 1.2 mm
pitch grid. The via diameter should be between 0.3 mm and
0.33 mm, and the via barrel should be plated with 1 oz. copper
to plug the via.
ADF4153
SCLOCK
PCB DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR CHIP SCALE
PACKAGE
The user should connect the printed circuit board thermal pad
to AGND.
Figure 22. ADSP-21xx to ADF4153 Interface
Rev. A | Page 21 of 24
ADF4153
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
5.10
5.00
4.90
16
9
4.50
4.40
4.30
6.40
BSC
1
8
PIN 1
1.20 MAX
0.15
0.05
0.30
0.19
0.65
BSC
COPLANARITY
0.10
0.20
0.09
0.75
0.60
0.45
8°
0°
SEATING
PLANE
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-153AB
Figure 23. 16-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP]
(RU-16)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
0.60
MAX
4.0
BSC SQ
0.60
MAX
PIN 1
INDICATOR
3.75
BSC SQ
TOP
VIEW
11
10
0.80 MAX
0.65 TYP
12° MAX
1.00
0.85
0.80
0.20
REF
2.25
2.10 SQ
1.95
6
5
0.25 MIN
0.30
0.23
0.18
0.05 MAX
0.02 NOM
0.50
BSC
20
1
BOTTOM
VIEW
0.75
0.55
0.35
SEATING
PLANE
16
15
COPLANARITY
0.08
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-VGGD-1
Figure 24. 20-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP]
4 mm × 4 mm Body
(CP-20)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
ORDERING GUIDE
Model
ADF4153BRU
ADF4153BRU-REEL
ADF4153BRU-REEL7
ADF4153BCP
ADF4153BCP-REEL
ADF4153BCP-REEL7
EVAL-ADF4153EB1
Description
Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP)
Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP)
Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP)
Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP)
Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP)
Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP)
Evaluation Board
Rev. A | Page 22 of 24
Temperature Range
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
Package Option
RU-16
RU-16
RU-16
CP-20
CP-20
CP-20
ADF4153
NOTES
Rev. A | Page 23 of 24
ADF4153
NOTES
Purchase of licensed I2C components of Analog Devices or one of its sublicensed Associated Companies conveys a license for the purchaser under the Philips I2C Patent
Rights to use these components in an I2C system, provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips.
© 2004 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
C03685–0–1/04(A)
Rev. A | Page 24 of 24