MCP6051/2/4 30 µA, High Precision Op Amps Description Features • • • • • • • • Low Offset Voltage: ±150 µV (maximum) Low Quiescent Current: 30 µA (typical) Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Wide Supply Voltage Range: 1.8V to 6.0V Gain Bandwidth Product: 385 kHz (typical) Unity Gain Stable Extended Temperature Range: -40°C to +125°C No Phase Reversal Applications • • • • • • • The Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 family of operational amplifiers (op amps) has low input offset voltage (±150 µV, maximum) and rail-to-rail input and output operation. This family is unity gain stable and has a gain bandwidth product of 385 kHz (typical). These devices operate with a single supply voltage as low as 1.8V, while drawing low quiescent current per amplifier (30 µA, typical). These features make the family of op amps well suited for single-supply, high precision, battery-powered applications. The MCP6051/2/4 family is offered in single (MCP6051), dual (MCP6052), and quad (MCP6054) configurations. Automotive Portable Instrumentation Sensor Conditioning Battery Powered Systems Medical Instrumentation Test Equipment Analog Filters The MCP6051/2/4 is designed with Microchip’s advanced CMOS process. All devices are available in the extended temperature range, with a power supply range of 1.8V to 6.0V. Package Types MCP6051 SOIC Design Aids • • • • • • SPICE Macro Models FilterLab® Software Mindi™ Circuit Designer & Simulator Microchip Advanced Part Selector (MAPS) Analog Demonstration and Evaluation Boards Application Notes NC 1 VIN– 2 VIN+ 3 VSS 4 ZIN VIN– 2 VSS 4 MCP6051 C Z IN = R L + j ω L R L = R L RC Gyrator VOUT VOUTA 1 8 VDD 7 VDD VINA– 2 VINA+ 3 7 VOUTB MCP6051 2x3 TDFN * VIN+ 3 RL 8 NC 6 VOUT 5 NC NC 1 Typical Application MCP6052 SOIC EP 9 6 VINB– 5 VINB+ VSS 4 MCP6052 2x3 TDFN * 8 NC VOUTA 1 7 VDD VINA– 2 6 VOUT VINA+ 3 5 NC 8 VDD EP 9 VSS 4 7 VOUTB 6 VINB– 5 VINB+ MCP6054 SOIC, TSSOP VOUTA 1 14 VOUTD VINA– 2 13 VIND– VINA+ 3 VDD 4 12 VIND+ 11 VSS VINB+ 5 10 VINC+ VINB– 6 9 VINC– VOUTB 7 8 VOUTC * Includes Exposed Thermal Pad (EP); see Table 3-1. © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22182A-page 1 MCP6051/2/4 NOTES: DS22182A-page 2 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 1.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings † Current at Output and Supply Pins ............................±30 mA † Notice: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Storage Temperature ....................................-65°C to +150°C †† See 4.1.2 “Input Voltage And Current Limits” VDD – VSS ........................................................................7.0V Current at Input Pins .....................................................±2 mA Analog Inputs (VIN+, VIN-)†† .......... VSS – 1.0V to VDD + 1.0V All Other Inputs and Outputs ......... VSS – 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Difference Input Voltage ...................................... |VDD – VSS| Output Short-Circuit Current .................................continuous Maximum Junction Temperature (TJ).......................... +150°C ESD protection on all pins (HBM; MM) ................ ≥ 4 kV; 400V 1.2 Specifications TABLE 1-1: DC ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Characteristics: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = +1.8V to +6.0V, VSS= GND, TA= +25°C, VCM = VDD/2, VOUT ≈ VDD/2, VL = VDD/2 and RL = 100 kΩ to VL. (Refer to Figure 1-1). Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions VOS -150 — +150 µV ΔVOS/ΔTA — ±1.5 — µV/°C TA= -40°C to +85°C, VDD = 3.0V, VCM = VDD/3 ΔVOS/ΔTA — ±4.0 — µV/°C TA= +85°C to +125°C, VDD = 3.0V, VCM = VDD/3 PSRR 70 87 — dB IB — ±1.0 100 pA IB — 60 — pA TA = +85°C TA = +125°C Input Offset Input Offset Voltage Input Offset Drift with Temperature Power Supply Rejection Ratio VDD = 3.0V, VCM = VDD/3 VCM = VSS Input Bias Current and Impedance Input Bias Current IB — 1100 5000 pA Input Offset Current IOS — ±1.0 — pA Common Mode Input Impedance ZCM — 1013||6 — Ω||pF ZDIFF — 1013||6 — Ω||pF Common Mode Input Voltage Range VCMR VSS−0.2 — VDD+0.2 V VCMR VSS−0.3 — VDD+0.3 V VDD = 6.0V (Note 1) Common Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR 74 90 — dB VCM = -0.2V to 2.0V, VDD = 1.8V 74 91 — dB VCM = -0.3V to 6.3V, VDD = 6.0V 72 87 — dB VCM = 3.0V to 6.3V, VDD = 6.0V 74 89 — dB VCM = -0.3V to 3.0V, VDD = 6.0V Differential Input Impedance Common Mode Note 1: VDD = 1.8V (Note 1) Figure 2-13 shows how VCMR changed across temperature. © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22182A-page 3 MCP6051/2/4 TABLE 1-1: DC ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS (CONTINUED) Electrical Characteristics: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = +1.8V to +6.0V, VSS= GND, TA= +25°C, VCM = VDD/2, VOUT ≈ VDD/2, VL = VDD/2 and RL = 100 kΩ to VL. (Refer to Figure 1-1). Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions AOL 95 115 — dB 0.2V < VOUT <(VDD-0.2V) VCM = VSS VOL, VOH VSS+15 — VDD–15 mV G = +2 V/V, 0.5V input overdrive ISC — ±5 — mA VDD = 1.8V — ±26 — mA VDD = 6.0V Open-Loop Gain DC Open-Loop Gain (Large Signal) Output Maximum Output Voltage Swing Output Short-Circuit Current Power Supply Supply Voltage Quiescent Current per Amplifier Note 1: VDD 1.8 — 6.0 V IQ 15 30 45 µA IO = 0, VDD = 6.0V VCM = 0.9VDD Figure 2-13 shows how VCMR changed across temperature. TABLE 1-2: AC ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Characteristics: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = +1.8 to +6.0V, VSS = GND, VCM = VDD/2, VOUT ≈ VDD/2, VL = VDD/2, RL = 100 kΩ to VL and CL = 60 pF. (Refer to Figure 1-1). Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions GBWP — 385 — kHz Phase Margin PM — 61 — ° Slew Rate SR — 0.15 — V/µs Input Noise Voltage Eni — 5.0 — µVp-p Input Noise Voltage Density eni — 34 — nV/√Hz f = 10 kHz Input Noise Current Density ini — 0.6 — fA/√Hz f = 1 kHz AC Response Gain Bandwidth Product G = +1 V/V Noise TABLE 1-3: f = 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz TEMPERATURE SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Characteristics: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = +1.8V to +6.0V and VSS = GND. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Operating Temperature Range TA -40 — +125 °C Storage Temperature Range TA -65 — +150 °C Thermal Resistance, 8L-2x3 TDFN θJA — 41 — °C/W Thermal Resistance, 8L-SOIC θJA — 149.5 — °C/W Thermal Resistance, 14L-SOIC θJA — 95.3 — °C/W Thermal Resistance, 14L-TSSOP θJA — 100 — °C/W Conditions Temperature Ranges Note 1 Thermal Package Resistances Note 1: The internal junction temperature (TJ) must not exceed the absolute maximum specification of +150°C. DS22182A-page 4 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 1.3 Test Circuits The circuit used for most DC and AC tests is shown in Figure 1-1. This circuit can independently set VCM and VOUT; see Equation 1-1. Note that VCM is not the circuit’s common mode voltage ((VP + VM)/2), and that VOST includes VOS plus the effects (on the input offset error, VOST) of temperature, CMRR, PSRR and AOL. CF 6.8 pF RG 100 kΩ VP G DM = R F ⁄ R G CB1 100 nF MCP605X V CM = ( V P + V DD ⁄ 2 ) ⁄ 2 VDD/2 CB2 1 µF VIN– V OST = V IN– – V IN+ V OUT = ( V DD ⁄ 2 ) + ( V P – V M ) + V OST ( 1 + G DM ) Where: GDM = Differential Mode Gain (V/V) VCM = Op Amp’s Common Mode Input Voltage (V) © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. VDD VIN+ EQUATION 1-1: VOST = Op Amp’s Total Input Offset Voltage RF 100 kΩ (mV) VM RG 100 kΩ RL 10 kΩ RF 100 kΩ CF 6.8 pF VOUT CL 60 pF VL FIGURE 1-1: AC and DC Test Circuit for Most Specifications. DS22182A-page 5 MCP6051/2/4 NOTES: DS22182A-page 6 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 2.0 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES Note: The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range. 27% 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.9 Input Offset Drift with Temperature (µV/°C) 1.6 20 16 12 8 4 0 -4 -8 -12 0% TA = -40°C TA = +25°C TA = +85°C TA = +125°C 1.3 3% Representative Part 1.0 6% VDD = 3.0V 0.7 9% 750 600 450 300 150 0 -150 -300 -450 -600 -750 0.4 12% -16 -0.5 150 120 90 60 30 0 15% FIGURE 2-2: Input Offset Voltage Drift with VDD = 3.0V and TA ≤ +85°C. Common Mode Input Voltage (V) FIGURE 2-5: Input Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Input Voltage with VDD = 3.0V. 1244 Samples VDD = 3.0V VCM = VDD/3 TA = +85°C to +125°C 24% 21% 18% 15% 12% 9% 6% 3% 20 16 12 8 4 0 -4 -8 -12 -16 0% -20 Percentage of Occurences FIGURE 2-4: Input Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Input Voltage with VDD = 6.0V. -0.5 18% Input Offset Voltage with Input Offset Voltage (µV) 21% Common Mode Input Voltage (V) 1244 Samples VDD = 3.0V VCM = VDD/3 TA = -40°C to +85°C -20 Percentage of Occurences 24% -30 Input Offset Voltage (µV) FIGURE 2-1: VDD = 3.0V. 27% -60 -90 -120 0% 1.5 2% Representative Part T A = -40°C T A = +25°C T A = +85°C T A = +125°C 1.0 4% 0.5 6% VDD = 6.0V 0.0 8% 750 600 450 300 150 0 -150 -300 -450 -600 -750 0.1 10% 1244 Samples VDD = 3.0V VCM = VDD /3 -0.2 12% Input Offset Voltage (µV) 14% -150 Percentage of Occurences Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = +1.8V to +6.0V, VSS = GND, VCM = VDD/2, VOUT ≈ VDD/2, VL = VDD/2, RL = 100 kΩ to VL and CL = 60 pF. Input Offset Drift with Temperature (µV/°C) FIGURE 2-3: Input Offset Voltage Drift with VDD = 3.0V and TA ≥ +85°C. © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 2-6: Input Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode Input Voltage with VDD = 1.8V. DS22182A-page 7 MCP6051/2/4 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = +1.8V to +6.0V, VSS = GND, VCM = VDD/2, VOUT ≈ VDD/2, VL = VDD/2, RL = 100 kΩ to VL and CL = 60 pF. Output Voltage (V) 750 600 450 300 150 0 -150 -300 -450 -600 -750 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 FIGURE 2-10: Input Noise Voltage Density vs. Common Mode Input Voltage. Input Offset Voltage vs. +125°C +85°C +25°C -40°C PSRR- 100 CMRR, PSRR (dB) Representative Part Representative Part 90 80 CMRR 70 60 PSRR+ 50 40 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 30 20 10 10 Power Supply Voltage (V) FIGURE 2-8: Input Offset Voltage vs. Power Supply Voltage. PSRR,CMRR (dB) 100 10 0.1 0.1 11 10 10 100100 1k1000 10k10000100k100000 Frequency (Hz) FIGURE 2-9: vs. Frequency. DS22182A-page 8 Input Noise Voltage Density 100 100 FIGURE 2-11: Frequency. 1,000 Input Noise Voltage Density (nV/√Hz) 4.0 Common Mode Input Voltage (V) 110 TA = TA = TA = TA = 1.0 Input Offset Voltage (µV) FIGURE 2-7: Output Voltage. 3.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -350 f = 10 kHz VDD = 6.0V 3.0 VDD = 1.8V 2.5 -250 2.0 VDD = 3.0V -150 1.5 VDD = 6.0V -50 1.0 50 0.5 150 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.0 Representative Part 250 -0.5 Input Noise Voltage Density (nV/√Hz) Input Offset Voltage (µV) 350 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 1k 10k 1000 10000 Frequency (Hz) 100k 1000000 1M 100000 CMRR, PSRR vs. CMRR (VDD = 6.0V, VCM = -0.3V to 6.3V) PSRR (VDD = 1.8V to 6.0V, VCM = VSS) -50 -25 FIGURE 2-12: Temperature. 0 25 50 75 100 Ambient Temperature (°C) 125 CMRR, PSRR vs. Ambient © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 -0.05 -0.10 -0.15 -0.20 -0.25 -0.30 -0.35 45 VDD - VOH @ VDD = 6.0V @ VDD = 3.0V @ VDD = 1.8V VOL - VSS @ VDD = 1.8V VOL - VSS @ VDD = 3.0V VOL - VSS @ VDD = 6.0V 0 25 50 75 100 Ambient Temperature (°C) 25 VDD = 1.8V VCM = 0.9VDD 20 125 -50 45 Quiescent Current (uA) VDD = 6.0V VCM = VDD 1000 Input Bias Current 100 10 Input Offset Current -25 0 25 50 75 100 Ambient Temperature (°C) 125 FIGURE 2-16: Quiescent Current vs Ambient Temperature with VCM = 0.9VDD. 10000 VDD = 6.0V VCM = 0.9VDD 40 35 30 25 20 TA = +125°C TA = +85°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C 15 10 5 120 100 TA = +85°C 1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 Open-Loop Gain (dB) VDD = 6.0V TA = +125°C © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. 7.0 0 Open-Loop Gain 100 -30 80 -60 Open-Loop Phase 60 -90 40 -120 20 -150 0 -20 -180 VDD = 6.0V 0.1 1.E-01 1 10 100 1k -210 10k 100k 1M 10M 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 Common Mode Input Votlage (V) FIGURE 2-15: Input Bias Current vs. Common Mode Input Voltage. 6.5 FIGURE 2-17: Quiescent Current vs. Power Supply Voltage with VCM = 0.9VDD. 10000 1000 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 Power Supply Voltage (V) Open-Loop Phase (°) FIGURE 2-14: Input Bias, Offset Currents vs. Ambient Temperature. 2.0 125 1.5 45 65 85 105 Ambient Temperature (°C) 0.0 25 1.0 0 1 0.5 Input Bias and Offset Currents (pA) 30 10 -25 FIGURE 2-13: Common Mode Input Voltage Range Limit vs. Ambient Temperature. Input Bias Current (pA) 35 15 -50 10 VDD = 6.0V VCM = 0.9VDD 40 Quiescent Current (µA/Amplifier) Common Mode Input Voltage Range Limit (V) Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = +1.8V to +6.0V, VSS = GND, VCM = VDD/2, VOUT ≈ VDD/2, VL = VDD/2, RL = 100 kΩ to VL and CL = 60 pF. Frequency (Hz) FIGURE 2-18: Frequency. Open-Loop Gain, Phase vs. DS22182A-page 9 MCP6051/2/4 RL = 100 kΩ VSS + 0.2V < VOUT < VDD - 0.2V 160 0.7 140 0.6 120 Gain Bandwidth Product 0.5 100 0.4 80 0.3 60 0.2 VDD = 6.0V G = +1 V/V 0.1 40 Phase Margin 20 5.5 6.0 Common Mode Input Voltage (V) FIGURE 2-20: DC Open-Loop Gain vs. Output Voltage Headroom. 110 100 90 Input Referred 80 100 100 1k 1000 10k 100k 10000 100000 Frequency (Hz) 1M 1000000 FIGURE 2-21: Channel-to-Channel Separation vs. Frequency ( MCP6052/4 only). DS22182A-page 10 160 0.7 140 0.6 Gain Bandwidth Product 120 0.5 100 0.4 80 0.3 60 0.2 VDD = 6.0V G = +1 V/V 0.1 -50 Phase Margin 40 20 0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Ambient Temperature (°C) FIGURE 2-23: Gain Bandwidth Product, Phase Margin vs. Ambient Temperature. Gain Bandwidth Product (MHz) 120 180 0.8 0.0 140 130 0.9 Phase Margin (°) 150 145 VDD = 6.0V 140 135 130 125 120 VDD = 1.8V 115 110 Large Signal AOL 105 100 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Output Voltage Headroom VDD - VOH or VOL - VSS (V) FIGURE 2-22: Gain Bandwidth Product, Phase Margin vs. Common Mode Input Voltage. 0.9 180 0.8 160 0.7 140 0.6 Gain Bandwidth Product 120 0.5 100 0.4 80 0.3 60 0.2 VDD = 1.8V G = +1 V/V 0.1 Phase Margin 0.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Ambient Temperature (°C) 40 Phase Margin (°) 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Power Supply Voltage (V) 0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 2.0 FIGURE 2-19: DC Open-Loop Gain vs. Power Supply Voltage. DC-Open Loop Gain (dB) 180 0.8 0.0 1.5 Channel to Channel Separation (dB) 0.9 Phase Margin (°) Gain Bandwidth Product (MHz) 150 145 140 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 Gain Bandwidth Product (MHz) DC-Open Loop Gain (dB) Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = +1.8V to +6.0V, VSS = GND, VCM = VDD/2, VOUT ≈ VDD/2, VL = VDD/2, RL = 100 kΩ to VL and CL = 60 pF. 20 0 125 FIGURE 2-24: Gain Bandwidth Product, Phase Margin vs. Ambient Temperature. © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 35 T A = -40°C T A = +25°C T A = +85°C T A = +125°C 30 25 20 15 10 5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 Output Voltage Headroom (mV) 40 0.0 Output Short Circuit Current (mA) Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = +1.8V to +6.0V, VSS = GND, VCM = VDD/2, VOUT ≈ VDD/2, VL = VDD/2, RL = 100 kΩ to VL and CL = 60 pF. 16.0 14.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 2.0 0.0 -50 Slew Rate (V/µs) VDD = 1.8V 1 Falling Edge, VDD = 6.0V Falling Edge, VDD = 1.8V 0.20 0.15 0.10 Rising Edge, VDD = 6.0V Rising Edge, VDD = 1.8V 0.05 10k 100k 10000 100000 Frequency (Hz) Ratio of Output Headroom to Current (mV/mA) FIGURE 2-26: Frequency. 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Output Voltage Swing vs. (VOL - VSS)/(-IOUT) VDD = 1.8V (VDD - VOH)/IOUT (VOL - VSS)/(-IOUT) VDD = 6.0V 1 Output Current (mA) -50 -25 FIGURE 2-29: Temperature. 10 FIGURE 2-27: Ratio of Output Voltage Headroom to Output Current vs. Output Current. © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. 0.00 1M 1000000 (VDD - VOH)/IOUT 0.1 125 0.30 0.25 1k 1000 0 25 50 75 100 Ambient Temperature (°C) FIGURE 2-28: Output Voltage Headroom vs. Ambient Temperature. VDD = 6.0V 0.1 100 100 -25 Output Voltage (20mV/div) Output Voltage Swing (V P-P) 10 VSS - VOL 4.0 Power Supply Voltage (V) FIGURE 2-25: Ouput Short Circuit Current vs. Power Supply Voltage. VDD - VOH 12.0 0 25 50 75 100 Ambient Temperature (°C) 125 Slew Rate vs. Ambient VDD = 6.0V G = +1 V/V Time (2 µs/div) FIGURE 2-30: Pulse Response. Small Signal Non-Inverting DS22182A-page 11 MCP6051/2/4 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25°C, VDD = +1.8V to +6.0V, VSS = GND, VCM = VDD/2, VOUT ≈ VDD/2, VL = VDD/2, RL = 100 kΩ to VL and CL = 60 pF. Output Voltage (20mV/div) 7.0 6.0 VIN 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 VDD = 6.0V G = +2 V/V 0.0 -1.0 Time (2 µs/div) 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Small Signal Inverting Pulse Time (0.1 ms/div) FIGURE 2-34: The MCP6051/2/4 Shows No Phase Reversal. 10000 VDD = 6.0V G = +1 V/V Closed Loop Output Impedance (Ω) FIGURE 2-31: Response. Output Voltage (V) VOUT 5.0 Output Voltage (V) VDD = 6.0V G = -1 V/V 1000 100 GN : 101 V/V 11 V/V 1 V/V 10 1 1.0E+01 10 Time (0.02 ms/div) 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 Large Signal Non-Inverting DS22182A-page 12 1.0E+04 1k 10k Frequency (Hz) 1.0E+05 100k 1.0E+06 1M 1.E-03 1m 1.E-04 100µ 10µ 1.E-05 VDD = 6.0V G = -1 V/V 1µ 1.E-06 100n 1.E-07 10n 1.E-08 1n 1.E-09 100p 1.E-10 10p 1.E-11 1p 1.E-12 Time (0.02 ms/div) FIGURE 2-33: Response. 1.0E+03 FIGURE 2-35: Closed Loop Output Impedance vs. Frequency. -IIN (A) Output Voltage (V) FIGURE 2-32: Pulse Response. 1.0E+02 100 Large Signal Inverting Pulse TA = -40 °C TA = +25°C TA = +85°C TA = +125°C -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 VIN (V) FIGURE 2-36: Measured Input Current vs. Input Voltage (below VSS). © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 3.0 PIN DESCRIPTIONS Descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 3-1. TABLE 3-1: PIN FUNCTION TABLE MCP6051 SOIC MCP6052 2x3 TDFN SOIC MCP6054 2x3 TDFN SOIC, TSSOP Symbol Description 6 6 1 1 1 VOUT, VOUTA Analog Output (op amp A) 2 2 2 2 2 VIN–, VINA– Inverting Input (op amp A) 3 3 3 3 3 VIN+, VINA+ Non-inverting Input (op amp A) 7 7 8 8 4 VDD Positive Power Supply — — 5 5 5 VINB+ Non-inverting Input (op amp B) — — 6 6 6 VINB– Inverting Input (op amp B) — — 7 7 7 VOUTB Analog Output (op amp B) — — — — 8 VOUTC Analog Output (op amp C) — — — — 9 VINC– Inverting Input (op amp C) — — — — 10 VINC+ 4 4 4 4 11 VSS — — — — 12 VIND+ Non-inverting Input (op amp D) — — — — 13 VIND– Inverting Input (op amp D) Non-inverting Input (op amp C) Negative Power Supply Analog Output (op amp D) — — — — 14 VOUTD 1, 5, 8 1, 5, 8 — — — NC No Internal Connection — 9 — 9 — EP Exposed Thermal Pad (EP); must be connected to VSS. 3.1 Analog Outputs The output pins are low-impedance voltage sources. 3.2 Analog Inputs The non-inverting and inverting inputs are highimpedance CMOS inputs with low bias currents. 3.3 Power Supply Pins The positive power supply (VDD) is 1.8V to 6.0V higher than the negative power supply (VSS). For normal operation, the other pins are at voltages between VSS and VDD. Typically, these parts are used in a single (positive) supply configuration. In this case, VSS is connected to ground and VDD is connected to the supply. VDD will need bypass capacitors. 3.4 Exposed Thermal Pad (EP) There is an internal electrical connection between the Exposed Thermal Pad (EP) and the VSS pin; they must be connected to the same potential on the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22182A-page 13 MCP6051/2/4 NOTES: DS22182A-page 14 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 4.0 APPLICATION INFORMATION VDD The MCP6051/2/4 family of op amps is manufactured using Microchip’s state-of-the-art CMOS process and is specifically designed for low-power, high precision applications. 4.1 D1 R1 Rail-to-Rail Input 4.1.1 PHASE REVERSAL R2 INPUT VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LIMITS The ESD protection on the inputs can be depicted as shown in Figure 4-1. This structure was chosen to protect the input transistors and to minimize input bias current (IB). The input ESD diodes clamp the inputs when they try to go more than one diode drop below VSS. They also clamp any voltage that go too far above VDD; their breakdown voltage is high enough to allow normal operation and low enough to bypass ESD events within the specified limits. VDD Bond Pad VIN+ Bond Pad Bond VIN– Pad VSS Bond Pad FIGURE 4-1: Structures. R3 VSS – (minimum expected V1) 2 mA VSS – (minimum expected V2) R2 > 2 mA R1 > FIGURE 4-2: Inputs. Simplified Analog Input ESD In order to prevent damage and/or improper operation of these op amps, the circuit they are in must limit the voltages and currents at the VIN+ and VIN- pins (see Absolute Maximum Ratings at the beginning of Section 1.0 “Electrical Characteristics”). Figure 4-2 shows the recommended approach to protecting these inputs. The internal ESD diodes prevent the input pins (VIN+ and VIN-) from going too far below ground, and the resistors R1 and R2 limit the possible current drawn out of the input pins. Diodes D1 and D2 prevent the input pins (VIN+ and VIN-) from going too far above VDD. When implemented as shown, resistors R1 and R2 also limit the current through D1 and D2. © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. Protecting the Analog It is also possible to connect the diodes to the left of the resistors R1 and R2. In this case, the currents through the diodes D1 and D2 need to be limited by some other mechanism. The resistors then serve as in-rush current limiters; the DC currents into the input pins (VIN+ and VIN-) should be very small. A significant amount of current can flow out of the inputs when the common mode voltage (VCM) is below ground (VSS). (See Figure 2-36). 4.1.3 Input Stage MCP605X V2 The MCP6051/2/4 op amps are designed to prevent phase reversal when the input pins exceed the supply voltages. Figure 2-34 shows the input voltage exceeding the supply voltage without any phase reversal. 4.1.2 D2 V1 NORMAL OPERATION The input stage of the MCP6051/2/4 op amps uses two differential input stages in parallel. One operates at a low common mode input voltage (VCM), while the other operates at a high VCM. With this topology, the device operates with a VCM up to 300 mV above VDD and 300 mV below VSS. (See Figure 2-13) .The input offset voltage is measured at VCM = VSS – 0.3V and VDD + 0.3V to ensure proper operation. The transition between the input stages occurs when VCM is near VDD – 1.1V (See Figures 2-4, 2-5 and Figure 2-6). For the best distortion performance and gain linearity, with non-inverting gains, avoid this region of operation. 4.2 Rail-to-Rail Output The output voltage range of the MCP6051/2/4 op amps is VSS + 15 mV (minimum) and VDD – 15 mV (maximum) when RL = 10 kΩ is connected to VDD/2 and VDD = 6.0V. Refer to Figures 2-27 and 2-28 for more information. DS22182A-page 15 MCP6051/2/4 4.3 Capacitive Loads Driving large capacitive loads can cause stability problems for voltage feedback op amps. As the load capacitance increases, the feedback loop’s phase margin decreases and the closed-loop bandwidth is reduced. This produces gain peaking in the frequency response, with overshoot and ringing in the step response. While a unity-gain buffer (G = +1) is the most sensitive to capacitive loads, all gains show the same general behavior. When driving large capacitive loads with these op amps (e.g., > 100 pF when G = +1), a small series resistor at the output (RISO in Figure 4-3) improves the feedback loop’s phase margin (stability) by making the output load resistive at higher frequencies. The bandwidth will be generally lower than the bandwidth with no capacitance load. – RISO MCP605X + VIN VOUT CL FIGURE 4-3: Output Resistor, RISO Stabilizes Large Capacitive Loads. Figure 4-4 gives recommended RISO values for different capacitive loads and gains. The x-axis is the normalized load capacitance (CL/GN), where GN is the circuit's noise gain. For non-inverting gains, GN and the Signal Gain are equal. For inverting gains, GN is 1+|Signal Gain| (e.g., -1 V/V gives GN = +2 V/V). After selecting RISO for your circuit, double-check the resulting frequency response peaking and step response overshoot. Modify RISO’s value until the response is reasonable. Bench evaluation and simulations with the MCP6051/2/4 SPICE macro model are very helpful. 4.4 Supply Bypass With this family of operational amplifiers, the power supply pin (VDD for single-supply) should have a local bypass capacitor (i.e., 0.01 µF to 0.1 µF) within 2 mm for good high frequency performance. It can use a bulk capacitor (i.e., 1 µF or larger) within 100 mm to provide large, slow currents. This bulk capacitor can be shared with other analog parts. 4.5 Unused Op Amps An unused op amp in a quad package (MCP6054) should be configured as shown in Figure 4-5. These circuits prevent the output from toggling and causing crosstalk. Circuits A sets the op amp at its minimum noise gain. The resistor divider produces any desired reference voltage within the output voltage range of the op amp; the op amp buffers that reference voltage. Circuit B uses the minimum number of components and operates as a comparator, but it may draw more current. ¼ MCP6054 (A) ¼ MCP6054 (B) VDD R1 R2 VDD VDD VREF Recommended R ISO (Ω) 10000 VDD = 6.0 V RL = 100 kΩ 1000 GN: 1 V/V 2 V/V ≥ 5 V/V 100 R2 V REF = V DD × -------------------R1 + R2 FIGURE 4-5: Unused Op Amps. 10 1 1.E-11 10p 1.E-10 1.E-09 1.E-08 1.E-07 1.E-06 100p 1n 10n 0.1µ 1µ Normalized Load Capacitance; CL/GN (F) FIGURE 4-4: Recommended RISO Values for Capacitive Loads. DS22182A-page 16 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 4.6 PCB Surface Leakage 4.7 In applications where low input bias current is critical, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) surface leakage effects need to be considered. Surface leakage is caused by humidity, dust or other contamination on the board. Under low humidity conditions, a typical resistance between nearby traces is 1012Ω. A 5V difference would cause 5 pA of current to flow; which is greater than the MCP6051/2/4 family’s bias current at +25°C (±1.0 pA, typical). The easiest way to reduce surface leakage is to use a guard ring around sensitive pins (or traces). The guard ring is biased at the same voltage as the sensitive pin. An example of this type of layout is shown in Figure 4-6. Guard Ring VIN– VIN+ VSS Application Circuits 4.7.1 GYRATOR The MCP6051/2/4 op amps can be used in gyrator applicaitons. The gyrator is an electric circuit which can make a capacitive circuit behave inductively. Figure 47 shows an example of a gyrator simulating inductance, with an approximately equivalent circuit below. The two ZIN have similar values in typical applications. The primary application for a gyrator is to reduce the size and cost of a system by removing the need for bulky, heavy and expensive inductors. For example, RLC bandpass filter characteristics can be realized with capacitors, resistors and operational amplifiers without using inductors. Moreover, gyrators will typically have higher accuracy than real inductors, due to the lower cost of precision capacitors than inductors. . RL ZIN FIGURE 4-6: for Inverting Gain. 1. 2. MCP6051 C Example Guard Ring Layout Non-inverting Gain and Unity-Gain Buffer: a) Connect the non-inverting pin (VIN+) to the input with a wire that does not touch the PCB surface. b) Connect the guard ring to the inverting input pin (VIN–). This biases the guard ring to the common mode input voltage. Inverting Gain and Transimpedance Gain Amplifiers (convert current to voltage, such as photo detectors): a) Connect the guard ring to the non-inverting input pin (VIN+). This biases the guard ring to the same reference voltage as the op amp (e.g., VDD/2 or ground). b) Connect the inverting pin (VIN–) to the input with a wire that does not touch the PCB surface. © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. Z IN = R L + j ω L VOUT Gyrator R L = RL RC ZIN RL Equivalent Circuit L FIGURE 4-7: Gyrator. DS22182A-page 17 MCP6051/2/4 4.7.2 INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER The MCP6051/2/4 op amps are well suited for conditioning sensor signals in battery-powered applications. Figure 4-8 shows a two op amp instrumentation amplifier, using the MCP6052, that works well for applications requiring rejection of common mode noise at higher gains. The reference voltage (VREF) is supplied by a low impedance source. In single supply applications, VREF is typically VDD/2. R2 PRECISION COMPARATOR Use high gain before a comparator to improve the latter’s input offset performance. Figure 4-9 shows a gain of 11 V/V placed before a comparator. The reference voltage VREF can be any value between the supply rails. VIN MCP6051 RG VREF R1 4.7.3 R2 R1 VOUT 1 MΩ 100 kΩ MCP6541 VOUT VREF V2 ½ MCP6052 ½ MCP6052 V1 FIGURE 4-9: Comparator. Precision, Non-inverting R 2R V OUT = ( V 1 – V 2 ) ⎛⎝ 1 + -----1- + --------1-⎞⎠ + V REF R2 RG FIGURE 4-8: Two Op Amp Instrumentation Amplifier. To obtain the best CMRR possible, and not limit the performance by the resistor tolerances, set a high gain with the RG resistor. DS22182A-page 18 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 5.0 DESIGN AIDS Microchip provides the basic design tools needed for the MCP6051/2/4 family of op amps. 5.1 SPICE Macro Model The latest SPICE macro model for the MCP6051/2/4 op amps is available on the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com. This model is intended to be an initial design tool that works well in the op amp’s linear region of operation over the temperature range. See the model file for information on its capabilities. Bench testing is a very important part of any design and cannot be replaced with simulations. Also, simulation results using this macro model need to be validated by comparing them to the data sheet specifications and characteristic curves. 5.2 FilterLab® Software Microchip’s FilterLab® software is an innovative software tool that simplifies analog active filter (using op amps) design. Available at no cost from the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com/filterlab, the FilterLab design tool provides full schematic diagrams of the filter circuit with component values. It also outputs the filter circuit in SPICE format, which can be used with the macro model to simulate actual filter performance. 5.3 Mindi™ Circuit Designer & Simulator Microchip’s Mindi™ Circuit Designer & Simulator aids in the design of various circuits useful for active filter, amplifier and power-management applications. It is a free online circuit designer & simulator available from the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com/mindi. This interactive circuit designer & simulator enables designers to quickly generate circuit diagrams, simulate circuits. Circuits developed using the Mindi Circuit Designer & Simulator can be downloaded to a personal computer or workstation. 5.4 Microchip Advanced Part Selector (MAPS) MAPS is a software tool that helps semiconductor professionals efficiently identify Microchip devices that fit a particular design requirement. Available at no cost from the Microchip website at www.microchip.com/ maps, the MAPS is an overall selection tool for Microchip’s product portfolio that includes Analog, Memory, MCUs and DSCs. Using this tool you can define a filter to sort features for a parametric search of devices and export side-by-side technical comparasion reports. Helpful links are also provided for Datasheets, Purchase, and Sampling of Microchip parts. © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. 5.5 Analog Demonstration and Evaluation Boards Microchip offers a broad spectrum of Analog Demonstration and Evaluation Boards that are designed to help you achieve faster time to market. For a complete listing of these boards and their corresponding user’s guides and technical information, visit the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com/ analogtools. Some boards that are especially useful are: • • • • • • • MCP6XXX Amplifier Evaluation Board 1 MCP6XXX Amplifier Evaluation Board 2 MCP6XXX Amplifier Evaluation Board 3 MCP6XXX Amplifier Evaluation Board 4 Active Filter Demo Board Kit 5/6-Pin SOT-23 Evaluation Board, P/N VSUPEV2 8-Pin SOIC/MSOP/TSSOP/DIP Evaluation Board, P/N SOIC8EV • 14-Pin SOIC/TSSOP/DIP Evaluation Board, P/N SOIC14EV 5.6 Application Notes The following Microchip Analog Design Note and Application Notes are available on the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com/appnotes and are recommended as supplemental reference resources: • ADN003: “Select the Right Operational Amplifier for your Filtering Circuits”, DS21821 • AN722: “Operational Amplifier Topologies and DC Specifications”, DS00722 • AN723: “Operational Amplifier AC Specifications and Applications”, DS00723 • AN884: “Driving Capacitive Loads With Op Amps”, DS00884 • AN990: “Analog Sensor Conditioning Circuits – An Overview”, DS00990 • AN1177: “Op Amp Precision Design: DC Errors”, DS01177 • AN1228: “Op Amp Precision Design: Random Noise”, DS01228 These application notes and others are listed in the design guide: • “Signal Chain Design Guide”, DS21825 DS22182A-page 19 MCP6051/2/4 NOTES: DS22182A-page 20 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 6.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 6.1 Package Marking Information 8-Lead SOIC (150 mil) (MCP6051, MCP6052) XXXXXXXX XXXXYYWW NNN Example: MCP6051E e3 SN^^0919 256 8-Lead 2x3 TDFN (MCP6051, MCP6052) Example: XXX YWW NN AHA 919 25 14-Lead SOIC (150 mil) (MCP6054) Example: XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX YYWWNNN 14-Lead TSSOP (MCP6054) XXXXXXXX YYWW NNN Legend: XX...X Y YY WW NNN e3 * Note: MCP6054 e3 E/SL^^ 0919256 Example: MCP6054E 0919 256 Customer-specific information Year code (last digit of calendar year) Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’) Alphanumeric traceability code Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn) This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( e3 ) can be found on the outer packaging for this package. In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information. © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22182A-page 21 MCP6051/2/4 !"#$% & 2%& %!% 3") ' % 3 $%%"% %% 144)))& &4 3 D e N E E1 NOTE 1 1 2 3 α h b h A2 A c φ L A1 L1 5% & 6&% 7!&($ β 66-- 7 7 78 9 : % 8;% < 0+ < ""33 . < < %"$$* < . 8="% - ""3="% - ,0+ 86% 0+ . >0+ +&$? %@ . < . 2%6% 6 < 2% % 6 -2 2% A < :A 6"3 < . 6"="% ( , < . "$% .A < .A "$%0%%& .A < .A & !"#$%!&'(!%&! %(%")%%%" *$%+% % , & "-"%!"&"$ %! "$ %! %#".&& " & "% -/. 0+1 0 & %#%! ))%!%% -21 $& '! !)%!%%'$$&% ! ) +.0 DS22182A-page 22 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 !"#$% & 2%& %!% 3") ' % 3 $%%"% %% 144)))& &4 3 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22182A-page 23 MCP6051/2/4 ' ( )*+,--./ !"0'(% & 2%& %!% 3") ' % 3 $%%"% %% 144)))& &4 3 DS22182A-page 24 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 ' ( )*+,--./ !"0'(% & 2%& %!% 3") ' % 3 $%%"% %% 144)))& &4 3 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22182A-page 25 MCP6051/2/4 12 !"#$% & 2%& %!% 3") ' % 3 $%%"% %% 144)))& &4 3 D N E E1 NOTE 1 1 2 3 e h b A A2 c φ L A1 β L1 5% & 6&% 7!&($ α h 66-- 7 7 78 9 % 8;% < 0+ < ""33 . < < %"$$* < . 8="% - ""3="% - ,0+ 86% :>.0+ . >0+ +&$? %@ . < . 2%6% 6 < 2% % 6 -2 2% A < :A 6"3 < . 6"="% ( , < . "$% .A < .A "$%0%%& .A < .A & !"#$%!&'(!%&! %(%")%%%" *$%+% % , & "-"%!"&"$ %! "$ %! %#".&& " & "% -/. 0+1 0 & %#%! ))%!%% -21 $& '! !)%!%%'$$&% ! ) +>.0 DS22182A-page 26 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 & 2%& %!% 3") ' % 3 $%%"% %% 144)))& &4 3 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22182A-page 27 MCP6051/2/4 12 033) 022 !"0% & 2%& %!% 3") ' % 3 $%%"% %% 144)))& &4 3 D N E E1 NOTE 1 1 2 e b A2 A c A1 φ 5% & 6&% 7!&($ L L1 66-- 7 7 78 9 % 8;% < >.0+ < ""33 : . %"$$ . < . 8="% - ""3="% - , >0+ ""36% . . 2%6% 6 . > . 2% % 6 . -2 2% I A < :A 6"3 < 6"="% ( < , & !"#$%!&'(!%&! %(%")%%%" & "-"%!"&"$ %! "$ %! %#".&& " , & "% -/. 0+1 0 & %#%! ))%!%% -21 $& '! !)%!%%'$$&% ! ) +:0 DS22182A-page 28 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 APPENDIX A: REVISION HISTORY Revision A (May 2009) • Original Release of this Document. © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22182A-page 29 MCP6051/2/4 NOTES: DS22182A-page 30 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6051/2/4 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. Device: PART NO. X /XX Device Temperature Range Package MCP6051: MCP6051T: MCP6052: MCP6052T: MCP6054: MCP6054T: Temperature Range: E Package: Single Op Amp Single Op Amp (Tape and Reel) (SOIC and 2x3 TDFN) Dual Op Amp Dual Op Amp (Tape and Reel) (SOIC and 2x3 TDFN) Quad Op Amp Quad Op Amp (Tape and Reel) (SOIC and TSSOP) Examples: a) b) MCP6051-E/SN: MCP6051T-E/SN: c) d) MCP6051-E/MNY: MCP6051T-E/MNY: a) b) MCP6052-E/SN: MCP6052T-E/SN: c) d) MCP6052-E/MNY: MCP6052T-E/MNY: a) b) MCP6054-E/SL: MCP6054T-E/SL: c) d) MCP6054-E/ST: MCP6054T-E/ST: = -40°C to +125°C MNY * SL = SN = ST = = Plastic Dual Flat, No Lead, (2x3 TDFN ) 8-lead Plastic SOIC (150 mil Body), 14-lead Plastic SOIC, (150 mil Body), 8-lead Plastic TSSOP (4.4mm Body), 14-lead * Y = Nickel palladium gold manufacturing designator. Only available on the TDFN package. © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. 8LD SOIC package Tape and Reel, 8LD SOIC package 8LD 2x3 TDFN package Tape and Reel, 8LD 2x3 TDFN package 8LD SOIC package Tape and Reel, 8LD SOIC package 8LD 2x3 TDFN package Tape and Reel 8LD 2x3 TDFN package 14LD SOIC package Tape and Reel, 14LD SOIC package 14LD TSSOP package Tape and Reel, 14LD TSSOP package DS22182A-page 31 MCP6051/2/4 NOTES: DS22182A-page 32 © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: • Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. • Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. • There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. • Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. • Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.” Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron, dsPIC, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, rfPIC, SmartShunt and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, Hampshire, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL, SmartSensor and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, nanoWatt XLP, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICtail, PIC32 logo, PowerCal, PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. © 2009, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified. © 2009 Microchip Technology Inc. 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