PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 50-A, 4.5-V to 14-V INPUT, NON-ISOLATED, WIDE-OUTPUT, ADJUSTABLE POWER MODULE WITH TurboTrans™ FEATURES 1 • • • • • • 2 • • • • • • • Up to 50-A Output Current 4.5-V to 14-V Input Voltage Wide-Output Voltage Adjust (0.7 V to 3.6 V) ±1.5% Total Output Voltage Variation Efficiencies up to 96% Output Overcurrent Protection (Nonlatching, Auto-Reset) Operating Temperature: –40°C to 85°C Safety Agency Approvals: (Pending) – UL/IEC/CSA-C22.2 60950-1 Prebias Startup On/Off Inhibit Differential Output Voltage Remote Sense Adjustable Undervoltage Lockout Auto-Track™ Sequencing • • • • • Multi-Phase, Switch-Mode Topology TurboTrans™ Technology Designed to meet Ultra-Fast Transient Requirements up to 300 A/μs SmartSync Technology Parallel Operation APPLICATIONS • • • Complex Multi-Voltage Systems Servers Workstations DESCRIPTION The PTH08T250W is a high-performance 50-A rated, non-isolated power module. This module represents the 2nd generation of the popular PTH series power modules with a reduced footprint and improved features. Operating from an input voltage range of 4.5 V to 14 V, the PTH08T250W requires a single resistor to set the output voltage to any value over the range, 0.7 V to 3.6 V. The wide input voltage range makes the PTH08T250W particularly suitable for advanced computing and server applications that utilize a loosely regulated 8-V to 12-V intermediate distribution bus. Additionally, the wide input voltage range increases design flexibility by supporting operation with tightly regulated 5-V, 8-V, or 12-V intermediate bus architectures. The module incorporates a comprehensive list of features. Output overcurrent and over-temperature shutdown protects against most load faults. A differential remote sense ensures tight load regulation. An adjustable under-voltage lockout allows the turn-on voltage threshold to be customized. Auto-Track™ sequencing is a popular feature that greatly simplifies the simultaneous power-up and power-down of multiple modules in a power system. Additionally, the capability to current share between multiple PTH08T250W modules allows for load currents greater than 50A on a single rail. The PTH08T250W includes new patent pending technologies, TurboTrans™ and SmartSync. The TurboTrans feature optimizes the transient response of the regulator while simultaneously reducing the quantity of external output capacitors required to meet a target voltage deviation specification. Additionally, for a target output capacitor bank, TurboTrans can be used to significantly improve the regulators transient response by reducing the peak voltage deviation. SmartSync allows for switching frequency synchronization of multiple modules, thus simplifying EMI noise suppression tasks and reducing input capacitor RMS current requirements. The module uses double-sided surface mount construction to provide a low profile and compact footprint. Package options include both through-hole and surface mount configurations that are lead (Pb) - free and RoHS compatible. 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. TurboTrans, Auto-Track, TMS320 are trademarks of Texas Instruments. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. STANDARD APPLICATION Auto-Track 20 VI 2 Track 6 VI 7 VI 3 5 RTT 1% 0.05 W (Optional) +Sense 19 Share Comp CLKIO TT +Sense 17 VO 14 VI VO 10 15 VI VO 11 PTH08T250W Inhibit 21 Inhibit/UVLO -Sense 16 22 SmartSync + Config 1 CI 1000 mF (Required) GND GND 8 9 12 13 AGND VOAdj 4 18 RSET 1%, 0.05 W (Required) + C O 660 mF (Required) L O A D -Sense GND UDG-07002 A. 2 When operating at an input voltage greater than 8V the minimum required input capacitance may be reduced to 560μF. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 ORDERING INFORMATION For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this datasheet, or see the TI website at www.ti.com. DATASHEET TABLE OF CONTENTS DATASHEET SECTION PAGE NUMBER ENVIRONMENTAL AND ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 3 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE (PTH08T250W) 4 TERMINAL FUNCTIONS 6 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VI = 12V) 7 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VI = 5V) 8 ADJUSTING THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE 9 INPUT & OUTPUT CAPACITOR RECOMMENDATIONS 11 TURBOTRANS™ INFORMATION 15 SOFT-START POWER-UP 19 REMOTE SENSE 19 OUTPUT INHIBIT 20 OVERCURRENT PROTECTION 20 OVER-TEMPERATURE PROTECTION 20 SYCHRONIZATION (SMARTSYNC) 21 AUTO-TRACK SEQUENCING 23 UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT (UVLO) 26 CURRENT SHARING 27 CURRENT SHARING LAYOUT 30 PREBIAS START-UP 30 TAPE & REEL AND TRAY DRAWINGS 32 ENVIRONMENTAL AND ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Voltages are with respect to GND) UNIT Vtrack Track pin voltage TA Operating temperature range Over VI range Twave Wave soldering temperature Surface temperature of module body or pins for 5 seconds maximum. Treflow Solder reflow temperature Surface temperature of module body or pins Tstg Storage temperature Mechanical shock Mechanical vibration –0.3 to VI + 0.3 (1) (2) AH suffix AD suffix 260 AS suffix 235 (1) AZ suffix 260 (1) °C –55 to 125 (2) Per Mil-STD-883D, Method 2002.3 1 msec, 1/2 sine, mounted Mil-STD-883D, Method 2007.2 20-2000 Hz Weight Flammability V –40 to 85 AH and AD suffix 500 AS and AZ suffix 125 G 20 16.7 grams Meets UL94V-O During reflow of surface mount package version do not elevate peak temperature of the module, pins or internal components above the stated maximum. The shipping tray or tape and reel cannot be used to bake parts at temperatures higher than 65C. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 3 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PTH08T250W TA = 25°C, VI = 12 V, VO = 3.3 V, CI = 1000 µF, CO = 660 µF, and IO = IO max (unless otherwise stated) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS PTH08T250W MIN IO Output current Over VO range VI Input voltage range Over IO range VOADJ Output voltage adjust range Over IO range η 0 48 60°C, 200 LFM 0 50 0.7 ≤ VO < 1.2 4.5 1.2 ≤ VO ≤ 3.6 4.5 14 3.6 ±0.5 ±0.3 %Vo ±5 mV Load regulation Over IO range ±5 Total output variation Includes set-point, line, load, –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C IO = 30 A 94% RSET = 5.23 kΩ, VO = 2.5 V 93% RSET = 12.7 kΩ, VO = 1.8 V 91% RSET = 19.6 kΩ, VO = 1.5 V 90% RSET = 35.7 kΩ, VO = 1.2 V 88% RSET = 63.4 kΩ, VO = 1.0 V 86% 20-MHz bandwidth Overcurrent threshold Reset, followed by auto-recovery Transient response 2.5 A/µs load step 50 to 100% IOmax w/ TurboTrans CO= 3300 μF, TypeC RTT = short IIL Track input current (pin 20) Pin to GND dVtrack/dt Track slew rate capability CO ≤ CO (max) UVLOADJ VI increasing, RUVLO = OPEN Adjustable Under-voltage lockout VI decreasing, RUVLO = OPEN (pin 21) Hysteresis, RUVLO ≤ 127 kΩ (1) A Recovery time 100 µs VO over/undershoot 160 mV Recovery time 100 µs VO over/undershoot 45 Input low voltage (VIL) 4.3 4.0 Input standby current Inhibit (pin 21) to GND, Track (pin 20) open fs Switching frequency Over VI and IO ranges, SmartSync (pin 22) to GND Synchronization frequency applied to pin 22 VSYNCH SYNC High-Level Input Voltage (2) (3) (4) (5) 4 mV µA 1 V/ms 4.45 4.2 V Open (4) -0.2 0.6 240 3.9 µA 35 mA (5) kHz 400 (5) 5.5 0.8 200 V -125 600 (5) SYNC Low-Level Input Voltage SYNC Minimum Pulse Width (3) 1.0 Input low current (IIL ), Pin 21 to GND Iin Synchronization (SYNC) control (pin 22) mVPP –130 fSYNC %Vo 100 Input high voltage (VIH) Inhibit control (pin 21) (2) 83% 10 w/o TurboTrans CO= 660 μF, TypeC mV ±1.5 RSET = 1.62 kΩ, VO = 3.3 V VO Ripple (peak-to-peak) ΔVtrTT (1) V %Vo Over VI range ΔVtr tSYNC (2) –40°C < TA < 85°C ttr VSYNCL ±1 V Line regulaltion RSET = open, VO = 0.7 V ttrTT (1) 14 0.7 A Temperature variation Efficiency ILIM UNIT MAX 25°C, natural convection Set-point voltage tolerance VO TYP kHz V V nSec For output voltages less than 1.2 V, the output ripple may increase (up to 2×) when operating at input voltages greater than (VO × 12). Adjusting the switching frequency using the SmartSync feature may increase or decrease this ratio. Please review the SmartSync section of the Application Information for further guidance. The set-point voltage tolerance is affected by the tolerance and stability of RSET. The stated limit is unconditionally met if RSET has a tolerance of 1% with 100 ppm/C or better temperature stability. A low-leakage (<100 nA), open-drain device, such as MOSFET or voltage supervisor IC, is recommended to control pin 20. The open-circuit voltage is less than 8 Vdc. Do not place an external pull-up on this pin. If it is left open-circuit, the module operates when input power is applied. A small, low-leakage (<100 nA) MOSFET is recommended for control. For additional information, see the related application section. The PTH08T250W is a two-phase power module. Each phase switches at 300kHz typical, 180° out of phase from one another. The over-all switching frequency is 600 kHz typical. SmartSync controls the frequency of an individual phase. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PTH08T250W (continued) TA = 25°C, VI = 12 V, VO = 3.3 V, CI = 1000 µF, CO = 660 µF, and IO = IO max (unless otherwise stated) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS PTH08T250W MIN CI Nonceramic External input capacitance Nonceramic w/o TurboTrans Equivalent series resistance (non-ceramic) (6) (7) (8) (9) Reliability (7) 8000 (8) 1000 3 1000 Per Telcordia SR-332, 50% stress, TA = 40°C, ground benign µF mΩ µF (7) (9) Capacitance × ESR product (CO × ESR) MTBF 660 see table Capacitance Value w/ TurboTrans µF 22 Ceramic External output capacitance UNIT MAX (6) Ceramic Capacitance Value CO 1000 TYP 10000 (9) 2.79 µF×mΩ 106 Hr A 1000 µF electrolytic input capacitor is required for proper operation. When operating at an input voltage greater than 8V the minimum required input capacitance may be reduced to 560μF. The input capacitor must be rated for a minimum of 600 mA rms of ripple current. 660 µF of external output capacitance is required for basic operation. Adding additional capacitance at the load further improves transient response. See the Capacitor Application Information section and the TuboTrans Technology section for more guidance. This is the calculated maximum when not using TurboTrans™ technology. This value includes both ceramic and non-ceramic capacitors. The minimum ESR requirement often results in a lower value of output capacitance. See the Capacitor Application Information section for more guidance. When using TurboTrans™ technology, a minimum value of output capacitance is required for proper operation. Additionally, low ESR capacitors are required for proper operation. See the TurboTrans Technology section for further guidance. 22 1 21 2 3 20 Texas Instruments 4 5 19 18 17 16 PTH08T250W 15 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 5 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Table 1. TERMINAL FUNCTIONS TERMINAL NAME NO. VI DESCRIPTION 6,7,14,15 The positive input voltage power node to the module, which is referenced to common GND. VO 10,11 GND 8,9,12,13 Inhibit (1) and UVLO Vo Adjust 21 The regulated positive power output with respect to GND. This is the common ground connection for the VI and VO power connections. It is also the 0 Vdc reference for the control inputs. The Inhibit pin is an open-collector/drain, negative logic input that is referenced to GND. Applying a low level ground signal to this input disables the module’s output and turns off the output voltage. When the Inhibit control is active, the input current drawn by the regulator is significantly reduced. If the Inhibit pin is left open-circuit, the module produces an output whenever a valid input source is applied. This pin is also used for input undervoltage lockout (UVLO) programming. Connecting a resistor from this pin to GND (pin 13) allows the ON threshold of the UVLO to be adjusted higher than the default value. For more information, see the Application Information section. 18 A 0.05 W 1% resistor must be directly connected between this pin and pin4 (AGND) to set the output voltage to a value higher than 0.7V. The temperature stability of the resistor should be 100 ppm/°C (or better). The setpoint range for the output voltage is from 0.7V to 3.6V. If left open circuit, the output voltage defaults to its lowest value. For further information, on output voltage adjustment see the related application note. The specification table gives the preferred resistor values for a number of standard output voltages. + Sense 17 The sense input allows the regulation circuit to compensate for voltage drop between the module and the load. The +Sense pin should always be connected to VO, either at the load for optimal voltage accuracy, or at the module (pin 11). – Sense 16 The sense input allows the regulation circuit to compensate for voltage drop between the module and the load. The –Sense pin should always be connected to GND, either at the load for optimal voltage accuracy, or at the module (pin 13). 20 This is an analog control input that enables the output voltage to follow an external voltage. This pin becomes active typically 25 ms after a valid input voltage has been applied, and allows direct control of the output voltage from 0 V up to the nominal set-point voltage. Within this range the module's output voltage follows the voltage at the Track pin on a volt-for-volt basis. When the control voltage is raised above this range, the module regulates at its set-point voltage. The feature allows the output voltage to rise simultaneously with other modules powered from the same input bus. If unused, this input should be connected to VI. Track NOTE: Due to the undervoltage lockout feature, the output of the module cannot follow its own input voltage during power up. For more information, see the related application note. 19 This input pin adjusts the transient response of the regulator. To activate the TurboTrans™ feature, a 1%, 50mW resistor, must be connected between this pin and pin 17 (+Sense) very close to the module. For a given value of output capacitance, a reduction in peak output voltage deviation is achieved by utililizing this feature. If unused, this pin must be left open-circuit. The resistance requirement can be selected from the TurboTrans resistor table in the Application Information section. External capacitance must never be connected to this pin unless the TurboTrans resistor value is a short, 0Ω. SmartSync 22 This input pin sychronizes the switching frequency of the module to an external clock frequency. The SmartSync feature can be used to sychronize the switching frequency of multiple modules, aiding EMI noise suppression efforts. The external synchronization frequency must be present before a valid input voltage is present, or before the release of inhibit control. If unused, this pin MUST be connected to GND. For more information, please review the Application Information section. CONFIG 1 When two modules are connected together to share load current one must be configured as the MASTER and the other as the SLAVE. This pin is used to configure the module as either MASTER or SLAVE. To configure the module as the MASTER, connect this pin to GND. To configure the module as the SLAVE, connect this pin to VI (pin 6). When not sharing current, this pin should be connected to GND. Share 2 This pin is used when connecting two modules together to share load current. When two modules are sharing current the Share pin of both modules must be connected together. When not sharing current, this pin MUST be left open (floating). Comp 3 This pin is used when connecting two modules together to share load current. When two modules are sharing current the Comp pin of both modules must be connected together. When not sharing current, this pin MUST be left open (floating). AGND 4 This pin is the internal analog ground of the module. This pin provides the return path for the VOAdjust resistor (RSET). When two modules are sharing current the AGND pin of both modules must be connected together. Also, when two modules are connected, RSET must be connected only on the MASTER module. CLKIO 5 This pin is used when connecting two modules together to share load current. When two modules are sharing current the CLKIO pin of both modules must be connected together. When not sharing current, this pin MUST be left open (floating). TurboTrans™ (1) 6 Denotes negative logic: Open = Normal operation, Ground = Function active Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (1) (2) CHARACTERISTIC DATA ( VI = 12 V) EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CURRENT OUTPUT RIPPLE vs LOAD CURRENT 100 14 12 3.3 VOUT (V) VOUT (V) 90 85 80 2.5 1.8 75 1.5 1.2 VOUT (V) 1.0 70 3.3 2.5 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.7 65 60 55 3.3 2.5 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.0 12 10 2.5 3.3 8 1.8 1.2 6 1.0 20 30 IO - Output Current - A 40 50 10 20 30 IO - Output Current - A 80 TA - Ambient Temperature - °C TA - Ambient Temperature - °C 0 50 10 20 30 IO - Output Current - A 70 400 LFM 60 200 LFM VO = 3.3 V 100 LFM Airflow 400 LFM Nat conv 50 Figure 3. 70 400 LFM 60 200 LFM 50 VO = 1.2 V Airflow 400 LFM 40 100 LFM 30 Natural Convection Nat conv 20 100 LFM 200 LFM 200 LFM 100 LFM 40 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE vs LOAD CURRENT 80 30 40 Figure 2. 90 40 0.7 0 0 90 50 1.2 4 1.5 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE vs LOAD CURRENT Natural Convection 20 0 10 20 30 IO - Output Current - A 40 50 0 10 20 30 IO - Output Current - A Figure 4. (2) 3.3 6 2 10 2.5 2 Figure 1. (1) 8 4 50 0 1.8 3.3 2.5 1.8 1.2 0.7 10 PDISS - Power Dissipation - W VO - Ouptut Voltage Ripple - VPP (mV) 95 h - Efficiency - % POWER DISSIPATION vs LOAD CURRENT 40 50 Figure 5. The electrical characteristic data has been developed from actual products tested at 25C. This data is considered typical for the converter. Applies to Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3. The temperature derating curves represent the conditions at which internal components are at or below the manufacturer's maximum operating temperatures. Derating limits apply to modules soldered directly to a 100 mm x 100 mm double-sided PCB with 2 oz. copper and the direction of airflow from pin 10 to pin 22. For surface mount packages (AS and AZ suffix), multiple vias must be utilized. Please refer to the mechanical specification for more information. Applies to Figure 4 and Figure 5. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 7 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (1) (2) CHARACTERISTIC DATA ( VI = 5 V) EFFICIENCY vs LOAD CURRENT 12 10 3.3 95 85 80 1.0 75 1.5 1.2 0.7 2.5 1.8 VOUT (V) 70 3.3 2.5 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.7 65 60 55 VOUT (V) 9 VO - Ouptut Voltage Ripple - VPP (mV) 90 h - Efficiency - % POWER DISSIPATION vs LOAD CURRENT VOUT (V) 3.3 2.5 1.8 1.2 0.7 8 7 3.3 2.5 0.7 6 5 1.2 4 8 20 30 IO - Output Current - A 40 1.8 1.2 4 0.7 2 3 0 2 10 2.5 6 1.8 50 0 3.3 3.3 2.5 1.8 1.2 0.7 10 PDISS - Power Dissipation - W 100 OUTPUT RIPPLE vs LOAD CURRENT 50 0 10 20 30 IO - Output Current - A Figure 6. 40 0 50 10 20 30 IO - Output Current - A Figure 7. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE vs LOAD CURRENT 40 50 Figure 8. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE vs LOAD CURRENT 90 80 TA - Ambient Temperature - °C TA - Ambient Temperature - °C 80 70 400 LFM 60 200 LFM 50 VO = 3.3 V 100 LFM Airflow 400 LFM 40 200 LFM 30 100 LFM Nat conv Natural Convection 70 400 LFM 60 200 LFM 50 VO = 1.2 V Airflow 400 LFM 40 100 LFM 200 LFM 100 LFM 30 Nat conv Natural Convection 20 0 10 20 30 IO - Output Current - A 40 50 20 0 10 20 30 IO - Output Current - A Figure 9. (1) (2) 8 40 50 Figure 10. The electrical characteristic data has been developed from actual products tested at 25C. This data is considered typical for the converter. Applies to Figure 6, Figure 7, and Figure 8. The temperature derating curves represent the conditions at which internal components are at or below the manufacturer's maximum operating temperatures. Derating limits apply to modules soldered directly to a 100 mm x 100 mm double-sided PCB with 2 oz. copper and the direction of airflow from pin 10 to pin 22. For surface mount packages (AS and AZ suffix), multiple vias must be utilized. Please refer to the mechanical specification for more information. Applies to Figure 9 and Figure 10. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 APPLICATION INFORMATION ADJUSTING THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE The Vo Adjust control sets the output voltage of the PTH08T250W. The adjustment range of the PTH08T250W is 0.7 V to 3.6 V. The adjustment method requires the addition of a single external resistor, RSET, that must be connected directly between pins Vo Adjust (pin 18) and AGND (pin 4). Table 2 gives the standard value of the external resistor for a number of standard voltages, along with the actual output voltage that this resistance value provides. For other output voltages, the value of the required resistor can either be calculated using the following formula, or simply selected from the range of values given in Table 3. Figure 11 shows the placement of the required resistor. æ 0.7 ö RSET = 30.1 (kW) ´ ç ÷ - 6.49 (kW) è VO - 0.7 ø (1) Table 2. Standard Values of RSET for Standard Output Voltages (1) VO (Standard) (V) RSET (Standard Value) (kΩ) VO (Actual) (V) 3.3 1.62 3.298 2.5 5.23 2.498 2.0 9.76 1.997 1.8 12.7 1.798 1.5 19.6 1.508 1.2 35.7 1.199 1.0 (1) 63.4 1.001 0.7 (1) Open 0.700 The maximum input voltage is duty cycle limited to (VO × 12) or 14 volts, whichever is less. The maximum allowable input voltage is a function of switching frequency, and may increase or decrease when the SmartSync feature is utilized. Please review the SmartSync section of the Application Information for further guidance. +Sense 17 +Sense VO 10 PTH08T250W VO 11 VO -Sense 16 GND GND GND GND 8 9 12 13 AGND VOAdj 4 18 + CO RSET 1% 0.05 W -Sense GND UDG-07049 (1) RSET: Use a 0.05 W resistor with a tolerance of 1% and temperature stability of 100 ppm/°C (or better). Connect the resistor directly between pins 18 and 4, as close to the regulator as possible, using dedicated PCB traces. (2) Never connect capacitors from VO Adjust to either + Sense, GND, or VO. Any capacitance added to the VO Adjust pin affects the stability of the regulator. Figure 11. VO Adjust Resistor Placement Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 9 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Table 3. Output Voltage Set-Point Resistor Values VO Required (V) (1) 10 RSET (kΩ) VO Required (V) RSET (kΩ) 0.70 (1) Open 2.10 8.66 0.75 (1) 412 2.20 7.50 0.80 (1) 205 2.30 6.65 0.85 (1) 133 2.40 5.90 0.90 (1) 97.6 2.50 5.23 0.95 (1) 78.7 2.60 4.64 1.00 (1) 63.4 2.70 4.02 1.10 (1) 46.4 2.80 3.57 1.20 35.7 2.90 3.09 1.30 28.7 3.00 2.67 1.40 23.7 3.10 2.26 1.50 19.6 3.20 1.96 1.60 16.9 3.30 1.62 1.70 14.7 3.40 1.30 1.80 12.7 3.50 1.02 1.90 11.0 3.60 0.768 2.00 9.76 For output voltages less than 1.2 V, the output ripple may increase (up to 2×) when operating at input voltages greater than (VO × 12). Adjusting the switching frequency using the SmartSync feature may increase or decrease this ratio. Please review the SmartSync section of the Application Information for further guidance. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 CAPACITOR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PTH08T250W POWER MODULE Capacitor Technologies Electrolytic Capacitors When using electrolytic capacitors, high quality, computer-grade electrolytic capacitors are recommended. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors provide adequate decoupling over the frequency range, 2 kHz to 150 kHz, and are suitable when ambient temperatures are above -20°C. For operation below -20°C, tantalum, ceramic, or OS-CON type capacitors are required. Ceramic Capacitors Above 150 kHz the performance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is less effective. Multilayer ceramic capacitors have very low ESR and a resonant frequency higher than the bandwidth of the regulator. They can be used to reduce the reflected ripple current at the input as well as improve the transient response of the output. Tantalum, Polymer-Tantalum Capacitors Tantalum type capacitors may only used on the output bus, and are recommended for applications where the ambient operating temperature is less than 0°C. The AVX TPS series and Kemet capacitor series are suggested over many other tantalum types due to their lower ESR, higher rated surge, power dissipation, and ripple current capability. Tantalum capacitors that have no stated ESR or surge current rating are not recommended for power applications. Input Capacitor (Required) The PTH08T250W requires a minimum input capacitance of 1000μF. The ripple current rating of the input capacitor must be at least 600mArms. An optional 22μF X5R/X7R ceramic capacitor is recommended to reduce RMS ripple current. Input Capacitor Information The size and value of the input capacitor is determined by the converter’s transient performance capability. This minimum value assumes that the converter is supplied with a responsive, low inductance input source. This source should have ample capacitive decoupling, and be distributed to the converter via PCB power and ground planes. Ceramic capacitors should be located as close as possible to the module's input pins, within 0.5 inch (1,3 cm). Adding ceramic capacitance is necessary to reduce the high-frequency ripple voltage at the module's input. This reduces the magnitude of the ripple current through the electroytic capacitor, as well as the amount of ripple current reflected back to the input source. Additional ceramic capacitors can be added to further reduce the RMS ripple current requirement for the electrolytic capacitor. The main considerations when selecting input capacitors are the RMS ripple current rating, temperature stability, and less than 100 mΩ of equivalent series resistance (ESR). Regular tantalum capacitors are not recommended for the input bus. These capacitors require a recommended minimum voltage rating of 2 × (maximum dc voltage + ac ripple). This is standard practice to ensure reliability. No tantalum capacitors were found with a sufficient voltage rating to meet this requirement. When the operating temperature is below 0°C, the ESR of aluminum electrolytic capacitors increases. For these applications, OS-CON, poly-aluminum, and polymer-tantalum types should be considered. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 11 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Output Capacitor (Required) The PTH08T250W requires a minimum output capacitance of 660μF of polymer-aluminum, tantulum, or polymer-tantalum type. The required capacitance above the minimum is determined by actual transient deviation requirements. See the TurboTrans Technology application section within this document for specific capacitance selection. Output Capacitor Information When selecting output capacitors, the main considerations are capacitor type, temperature stability, and ESR. When using the TurboTrans feature, the capacitance × ESR product should also be considered (see the following section). Ceramic output capacitors added for high-frequency bypassing should be located as close as possible to the load to be effective. Ceramic capacitor values below 10μF should not be included when calculating the total output capacitance value. When the operating temperature is below 0°C, the ESR of aluminum electrolytic capacitors increases. For these applications, OS-CON, poly-aluminum, and polymer-tantalum types should be considered. TurboTrans Output Capacitance TurboTrans allows the designer to optimize the output capacitance according to the system transient design requirement. High quality, ultra-low ESR capacitors are required to maximize TurboTrans effectiveness. When using TurboTrans, the capacitor's capacitance (μF) × ESR (mΩ) product determines its capacitor type; Type A, B, or C. These three types are defined as follows: Type A = (100 ≤ capacitance × ESR ≤ 1000) (e.g. ceramic) Type B = (1000 < capacitance × ESR ≤ 5000) (e.g. polymer-tantalum) Type C = (5000 < capacitance × ESR ≤ 10,000) (e.g. OS-CON) When using more than one type of output capacitor, select the capacitor type that makes up the majority of your total output capacitance. When calculating the C×ESR product, use the maximum ESR value from the capacitor manufacturer's datasheet. Working Examples: A capacitor with a capacitance of 330μF and an ESR of 5mΩ, has a C×ESR product of 1650μFxmΩ (330μF × 5mΩ). This is a Type B capacitor. A capacitor with a capacitance of 1000μF and an ESR of 8mΩ, has a C×ESR product of 8000μFxmΩ (1000μF × 8mΩ). This is a Type C capacitor. See the TurboTrans Technology application section within this document for specific capacitance selection. Table 4 includes a preferred list of capacitors by type and vendor. See the Output Bus / TurboTrans column. Non-TurboTrans Output Capacitance If the TurboTrans feature is not used, minimum ESR and maximum capacitor limits must be followed. System stability may be effected and increased output capacitance may be required without TurboTrans. When using the PTH08T250W, observe the minimum ESR of the entire output capacitor bank. The minimum ESR limit of the output capacitor bank is 7mΩ. A list of preferred low-ESR type capacitors, are identified in Table 4. When using the PTH08T250W without the TurboTrans feature, the maximum amount of capacitance is tbdμF of ceramic type. Large amounts of capacitance may reduce system stability. Utilizing the TurboTrans feature improves system stability, improves transient response, and reduces the amount of output capacitance required to meet system transient design requirements. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Designing for Fast Load Transients The transient response of the dc/dc converter has been characterized using a load transient with a di/dt of 2.5A/µs. The typical voltage deviation for this load transient is given in the Electrical Characteristics table using the minimum required value of output capacitance. As the di/dt of a transient is increased, the response of a converter’s regulation circuit ultimately depends on its output capacitor decoupling network. This is an inherent limitation with any dc/dc converter once the speed of the transient exceeds its bandwidth capability. If the target application specifies a higher di/dt or lower voltage deviation, the requirement can only be met with additional low ESR ceramic capacitor decoupling. Generally, with load steps greater than 100A/μs, adding multiple 10μF ceramic capacitors plus 10×1μF, and numerous high frequency ceramics (≤0.1μF) is all that is required to soften the transient higher frequency edges. The PCB location of these capacitors in relation to the load is critical. DSP, FPGA and ASIC vendors identify types, location and amount of capacitance required for optimum performance. Low impedance buses, unbroken PCB copper planes, and components located as close as possible to the high frequency devices are essential for optimizing transient performance. Capacitor Table Table 4 identifies the characteristics of acceptable capacitors from a number of vendors. The recommended number of capacitors required at both the input and output buses is identified for each capacitor. This is not an extensive capacitor list. Capacitors from other vendors are available with comparable specifications. Those listed are for guidance. The RMS ripple current rating and ESR (at 100 kHz) are critical parameters necessary to ensure both optimum regulator performance and long capacitor life. Table 4. Input/Output Capacitors (1) Capacitor Characteristics Capacitor Vendor, Type Series (Style) Panasonic Max. Working ESR at Value Voltage 100 (µF) (V) kHz (Ω) 25 1000 0.043 Quantity Max Ripple Current at 85°C (Irms) (mA) Output Bus Physical Size (mm) Input Bus No Turbo Trans TurboTrans (Cap Type) (2) 1690 16 × 15 1 ≥ 2 (3) N/R (4) EEUFC1E102S (3) N/R (4) EEUFC1E182 Vendor Part No. FC (Radial) 25 1800 0.029 2205 16 × 20 1 ≥1 FC (SMD) 25 2200 0.028 2490 18 × 21,5 1 ≥ 1 (3) N/R (4) EEVFC1E222N FK (SMD) 25 1000 0.060 1100 12,5×13,5 1 ≥ 2 (5) N/R (4) EEVFK1V102Q 6.3 330 0.025 2600 7,3x4,3x 2,8 N/R (6) 2 - 4 (3) (C) ≥ 2 (2) United Chemi-Con PTB Poly-Tant (SMD) 4PTB337MD6TER LXZ, Aluminum (Radial) 25 680 0.068 1050 10 × 16 1 PS, Poly-Alum (Radial) 16 330 0.014 5060 10 × 12,5 2 2-3 (B) ≥ 2 (2) 16PS330MJ12 PXA, Poly-Alum (SMD) 16 330 0.014 5050 10 × 12,2 2 2-3 (B) ≥ 2 (2) PXA16VC331MJ12TP PS, Poly-Alum (Radial) 6.3 680 0.010 5500 10 × 12,5 N/R (6) 1-2 (C) ≥ 1 (2) 6PS680MJ12 PXA, Poly-Alum (Radial) 6.3 680 0.010 5500 10 × 12,2 N/R (6) 1-2 (C) ≥ 1 (2) PXA6.3VC681MJ12TP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1-3 (3) N/R (4) LXZ25VB681M10X20LL Capacitor Supplier Verification Please verify availability of capacitors identified in this table. Capacitor suppliers may recommend alternative part numbers because of limited availability or obsolete products. In some instances, the capacitor product life cycle may be in decline and have short-term consideration for obsolescence. RoHS, Lead-free and Material Details See the capacitor suppliers regarding material composition, RoHS status, lead-free status, and manufacturing process requirements. Component designators or part number deviations can occur when material composition or soldering requirements are updated. Required capacitors with TurboTrans. See the TransTrans Application information for Capacitor Selection Capacitor Type Groups by ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) : a. Type A = (100 < capacitance × ESR ≤ 1000) b. Type B = (1,000 < capacitance × ESR ≤ 5,000) c. Type C = (5,000 < capacitance × ESR ≤ 10,000) Total bulk nonceramic capacitors on the output bus with ESR of ≥ 15mΩ to ≤ 30mΩ requires an additional ≥ 200 μF of ceramic capacitor. Aluminum Electrolytic capacitor not recommended for the TurboTrans due to higher ESR × capacitance products. Aluminum and higher ESR capacitors can be used in conjunction with lower ESR capacitance. Output bulk capacitor's maximum ESR is ≥ 30 mΩ. Additional ceramic capacitance of ≥ 200 μF is required. N/R – Not recommended. The voltage rating does not meet the minimum operating limits. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 13 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Table 4. Input/Output Capacitors (continued) Capacitor Characteristics Capacitor Vendor, Type Series (Style) Max. Working ESR at Value Voltage 100 (µF) (V) kHz (Ω) Quantity Max Ripple Current at 85°C (Irms) (mA) Output Bus Physical Size (mm) Input Bus No Turbo Trans TurboTrans (Cap Type) (2) Vendor Part No. Nichicon, Aluminum 25 560 0.060 1060 12,5 × 15 1 ≥ 2 (7) N/R (8) UPM1E561MHH6 HD (Radial) 25 680 0.038 1430 10 × 16 1 ≥ 2 (7) N/R (8) UHD1C681MHR PM (Radial) 35 560 0.048 1360 16 × 15 1 ≥ 2 (7) N/R (8) UPM1V561MHH6 Panasonic, Poly-Alum 2.0 390 0.005 4000 7,3×4,3×4,2 N/R (9) N/R (9) (B) ≥ 2 (10) EEFSE0J391R (VO ≤ 1.6V) (11) 4 680 0.015 3900 7,3 × 4,3 N/R (9) 1-3 (C) ≥ 1 (10) 4TPE680MF (VO ≤ 2.8V) (11) 4400 7,3 × 4,3 N/R (9) 1-2 (B) ≥ 2 (10) 2R5TPE470M7 (VO ≤ 1.8V) (11) 6100 7,3 × 4,3 N/R (9) (B) ≥ 1 (10) 2R5TPD1000M5 (VO ≤1.8V) (11) Sanyo TPE, Poscap (SMD) TPE Poscap(SMD) TPD Poscap (SMD) 2.5 2.5 470 1000 0.007 0.005 1 SA, OS-CON (Radial) 16 1000 0.015 9700 16 × 26 1 1-3 SP OS-CON ( Radial) 10 470 0.015 4500 10 × 11,5 N/R (9) 1-3 (C) ≥ 2 (10) 10SP470M SEPC, OS-CON (Radial) 16 330 0.016 4700 10 × 12,7 2 2-3 (B) ≥ 2 (10) 16SVP330M SVPA, OS-CON (SMD) 6.3 820 0.012 4700 8 × 11,9 N/R (9) 1 - 2 (7) (C) ≥ 1 (10) (7) 6SVPC820M AVX Tantalum, Series 3 6.3 680 0.035 2400 7,3×4,3×4,1 N/R (9) 2 - 7 (7) N/R (8) TPSE477M010R0045 TPM Multianode 6.3 470 0.018 3800 7,3×4,3×4,1 N/R (9) 2 - 3 (7) (C) ≥ 2 (10) (7) TPME687M006#0018 4 1000 0.035 2405 7,3 × 5,7 N/R (9) 2 - 7 (7) N/R (8) (9) (7) (8) TPS Series III (SMD) 2-7 N/R N/R (8) 16SA1000M TPSV108K004R0035 (VO≤2.2V) (11) Kemet, Poly-Tantalum 6.3 470 0.040 2000 7,3×4,3×4 N/R T520 (SMD) 6.3 330 0.015 3800 7,3×4,3×4 N/R (9) 2-3 (B) ≥ 2 (10) T520X337M010AS T530X337M010AS T530 (SMD) 4 680 0.005 7300 7,3×4,3×4 N/R (9) 1 (B) ≥ 1 (10) T530X687M004ASE005 (VO≤3.5V) (11) T530 (SMD) 2.5 1000 0.005 7300 7,3×4,3×4 N/R (9) 1 (B) ≥ 1 (10) T530X108M2R5ASE005 (VO≤2.0V) (11) 594D, Tantalum (SMD) 6.3 1000 0.030 2890 7,2×5,7×4,1 N/R (9) 1-6 N/R (8) 594D108X06R3R2TR2T 94SA, Os-con (Radial) 16 1000 0.015 9740 16 × 25 1 1-3 N/R (8) 94SA108X0016HBP 94SVP Os-Con (SMD) 16 330 0.017 4500 10 × 12,7 2 2-3 (C) ≥ 1 (10) 94SVP827X06R3F12 Kemet, Ceramic X5R 16 10 0.002 – 3225 1 ≥ 1 (12) (A) (10) C1210C106M4PAC (12) (10) C1210C476K9PAC Vishay-Sprague (SMD) 6.3 47 0.002 Murata, Ceramic X5R 6.3 100 0.002 (SMD) 6.3 N/R (9) ≥1 (A) N/R (9) ≥ 1 (12) (A) (10) GRM32ER60J107M 47 N/R (9) ≥ 1 (12) (A) (10) GRM32ER60J476M 25 22 1 ≥ 1 (12) (A) (10) GRM32ER61E226K 16 10 1 ≥ 1 (12) (A) (10) GRM32DR61C106K TDK, Ceramic X5R 6.3 100 N/R (9) ≥ 1 (12) (A) (10) C3225X5R0J107MT (SMD) 6.3 47 N/R (9) ≥ 1 (12) (A) (10) C3225X5R0J476MT 16 10 1 ≥ 1 (12) (A) (10) C3225X5R1C106MT0 16 22 1 ≥ 1 (12) (A) (10) C3225X5R1C226MT 0.002 – – 3225 3225 Total bulk nonceramic capacitors on the output bus with ESR of ≥ 15mΩ to ≤ 30mΩ requires an additional ≥ 200 μF of ceramic capacitor. (8) Aluminum Electrolytic capacitor not recommended for the TurboTrans due to higher ESR × capacitance products. Aluminum and higher ESR capacitors can be used in conjunction with lower ESR capacitance. (9) N/R – Not recommended. The voltage rating does not meet the minimum operating limits. (10) Required capacitors with TurboTrans. See the TransTrans Application information for Capacitor Selection Capacitor Type Groups by ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) : a. Type A = (100 < capacitance × ESR ≤ 1000) b. Type B = (1,000 < capacitance × ESR ≤ 5,000) c. Type C = (5,000 < capacitance × ESR ≤ 10,000) (11) The voltage rating of this capacitor only allows it to be used for output voltage that is equal to or less than 80% of the working voltage. (12) Maximum ceramic capacitance on the output bus is ≤ tbd μF. Any combination of the ceramic capacitor values is limited to tbd μF for non-TurboTrans applications. The total capacitance is limited to tbd μF which includes all ceramic and non-ceramic types. (7) 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 TurboTrans™ Technology TurboTrans technology is a feature introduced in the T2 generation of the PTH/PTV family of power modules. TurboTrans optimizes the transient response of the regulator with added external capacitance using a single external resistor. Benefits of this technology include reduced output capacitance, minimized output voltage deviation following a load transient, and enhanced stability when using ultra-low ESR output capacitors. The amount of output capacitance required to meet a target output voltage deviation is reduced with TurboTrans activated. Likewise, for a given amount of output capacitance, with TurboTrans engaged, the amplitude of the voltage deviation following a load transient is reduced. Applications requiring tight transient voltage tolerances and minimized capacitor footprint area benefits greatly from this technology. TurboTrans™ Selection Utilizing TurboTrans requires connecting a resistor, RTT, between the +Sense pin (pin17) and the TurboTrans pin (pin19). The value of the resistor directly corresponds to the amount of output capacitance required. All T2 products require a minimum value of output capacitance whether or not TurboTrans is utilized. For the PTH08T250W, the minimum required capacitance is 1000μF. When using TurboTrans, capacitors with a capacitance × ESR product below 10,000 μF×mΩ are required. (Multiply the capacitance (in μF) by the ESR (in mΩ) to determine the capacitance × ESR product.) See the Capacitor Selection section of the datasheet for a variety of capacitors that meet this criteria. Figure 12 thru Figure 15 show the amount of output capacitance required to meet a desired transient voltage deviation with and without TurboTrans for several capacitor types; TypeB (e.g. polymer-tantalum) and TypeC (e.g. OS-CON). To calculate the proper value of RTT, first determine your required transient voltage deviation limits and magnitude of your transient load step. Next, determine what type of output capacitors to be used. (If more than one type of output capacitor is used, select the capacitor type that makes up the majority of your total output capacitance.) Knowing this information, use the chart in Figure 12 thru Figure 15 that corresponds to the capacitor type selected. To use the chart, begin by dividing the maximum voltage deviation limit (in mV) by the magnitude of your load step (in Amps). This gives a mV/A value. Find this value on the Y-axis of the appropriate chart. Read across the graph to the 'With TurboTrans' plot. From this point, read down to the X-axis which lists the minimum required capacitance, CO, to meet that transient voltage deviation. The required RTT resistor value can then be calculated using the equation or selected from the TurboTrans table. The TurboTrans tables include both the required output capacitance and the corresponding RTT values to meet several values of transient voltage deviation for 25%(12.5A), 50%(25A), and 75%(37.5A) output load steps. The chart can also be used to determine the achievable transient voltage deviation for a given amount of output capacitance. Selecting the amount of output capacitance along the X-axis, reading up to the 'With TurboTrans' curve, and then over to the Y-axis, gives the transient voltage deviation limit for that value of output capacitance. The required RTT resistor value can be calculated using the equation or selected from the TurboTrans table. As an example, let's look at a 12-V application requiring a 60 mV deviation during an 15A load transient. A majority of 470μF, 10mΩ ouput capacitors are used. Use the 12 V, Type B capacitor chart, Figure 12. Dividing 60mV by 15A gives 4mV/A transient voltage deviation per amp of transient load step. Select 4mV/A on the Y-axis and read across to the 'With TurboTrans' plot. Following this point down to the X-axis gives us a minimum required output capacitance of approximately 1500μF. The required RTT resistor value for 1500μF can then be calculated or selected from Table 5. The required RTT resistor is approximately 17.4kΩ. To see the benefit of TurboTrans, follow the 4mV/A marking across to the 'Without TurboTrans' plot. Following that point down shows that you would need a minimum of 7500μF of output capacitance to meet the same transient deviation limit. This is the benefit of TurboTrans. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 15 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 PTH08T250W Type B Capacitors 12-V INPUT 5-V INPUT 8 8 7 Without TurboTrans 6 6 5 5 4 4 Transient - mV/A 3 2 With TurboTrans 3 2 With TurboTrans C - Capacitance - mF 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 5000 4000 3000 600 700 800 900 1000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 4000 2000 3000 1 600 700 800 900 1000 1 Without TurboTrans 2000 Transient - mV/A 7 C - Capacitance - mF Figure 12. Capacitor Type B, 1000 < C(μF)×ESR(mΩ) ≤ 5000 (e.g. Polymer-Tantalum) Figure 13. Capacitor Type B, 1000 < C(μF)×ESR(mΩ) ≤ 5000 (e.g. Polymer-Tantalum) Table 5. Type B TurboTrans CO Values and Required RTT Selection Table Transient Voltage Deviation (mV) 12 Volt Input 5 Volt Input 25% load step (12.5 A) 50% load step (25 A) 75% load step (37.5 A) CO Minimum Required Output Capacitance (μF) RTT Required TurboTrans Resistor (kΩ) CO Minimum Required Output Capacitance (μF) RTT Required TurboTrans Resistor (kΩ) 100 200 300 660 open 660 open 85 170 255 660 open 750 226 75 150 225 800 143 870 93.1 60 120 180 1050 46.4 1150 34.8 50 100 150 1300 24.9 1450 18.7 40 70 105 1750 11.3 1950 8.45 30 60 90 2500 3.48 2800 1.87 25 50 75 3100 0.649 4000 short RTT Resistor Selection The TurboTrans resistor value, RTT can be determined from the TurboTrans programming Equation 2. RTT = 40 ´ 1 - (CO 3300 ) (5 ´ CO 3300 ) - 1 (kW) (2) Where CO is the total output capacitance in μF. CO values greater than or equal to 3300 μF require RTT to be a short, 0Ω. (Equation 2 results in a negative value for RTT when CO > 3300 μF.) To ensure stability, a minimum amount of output capacitance is required for a given RTT resistor value. The value of RTT must be calculated using the minimum required output capacitance determined from Figure 12 and Figure 13. 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 PTH08T250W Type C Capacitors 12-V INPUT 5-V INPUT 8 8 7 Without TurboTrans 6 6 5 5 4 4 Transient - mV/A 3 2 With TurboTrans 3 2 With TurboTrans C - Capacitance - mF 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 5000 4000 3000 600 700 800 900 1000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 4000 2000 3000 1 600 700 800 900 1000 1 Without TurboTrans 2000 Transient - mV/A 7 C - Capacitance - mF Figure 14. Capacitor Type C, 5000 < C(μF)×ESR(mΩ) ≤ 10,000(e.g. OS-CON) Figure 15. Capacitor Type C, 5000 < C(μF)×ESR(mΩ) ≤ 10,000(e.g. OS-CON) Table 6. Type C TurboTrans CO Values and Required RTT Selection Table Transient Voltage Deviation (mV) 12 Volt Input 5 Volt Input 25% load step (12.5 A) 50% load step (25 A) 75% load step (37.5 A) CO Minimum Required Output Capacitance (μF) RTT Required TurboTrans Resistor (kΩ) CO Minimum Required Output Capacitance (μF) RTT Required TurboTrans Resistor (kΩ) 85 170 255 660 open 660 open 75 150 225 720 340 800 143 60 120 180 950 64.9 1050 46.4 50 100 150 1200 30.9 1350 22.6 40 80 120 1600 14.3 1800 10.5 30 60 90 2250 5.23 2650 2.61 25 50 75 2800 1.87 3850 short 20 40 60 6000 short - - RTT Resistor Selection The TurboTrans resistor value, RTT can be determined from the TurboTrans programming Equation 3. RTT = 40 ´ 1 - (CO 3300 ) (5 ´ CO 3300 ) - 1 (kW) (3) Where CO is the total output capacitance in μF. CO values greater than or equal to 3300 μF require RTT to be a short, 0Ω. (Equation 3 results in a negative value for RTT when CO > 3300 μF). To ensure stability, a minimum amount of output capacitance is required for a given RTT resistor value. The value of RTT must be calculated using the minimum required output capacitance determined from Figure 14 and Figure 15. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 17 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 TurboTrans AutoTrack RTT 7.87 kW TurboTrans +Sense VI +Sense VI VO VO PTH08T250W Inhibit/UVLO + -Sense CO 2000 mF Type B + SmartSync Config CI 1000 mF (Required) CI2 22 mF GND AGND VOAdj RSET L O A D -Sense GND GND UDG-07101 Figure 16. Typical TurboTrans™ Application 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Soft-Start Power Up The Auto-Track feature allows the power-up of multiple PTH/PTV modules to be directly controlled from the Track pin. However in a stand-alone configuration, or when the Auto-Track feature is not being used, the Track pin should be directly connected to the input voltage, VI (see Figure 17). VI (2 V/div) 20 Track VI 6 VI 7 VI PTH08T250W 14 VI + 15 VI CI GND GND GND GND 8 9 12 VO (500 mV/div) 13 GND II (5 A/div) UDG-07102 t − Time − 10 ms/div Figure 17. Defeating the Auto-Track Function Figure 18. Power-Up Waveform When the Track pin is connected to the input voltage the Auto-Track function is permanently disengaged. This allows the module to power up entirely under the control of its internal soft-start circuitry. When power up is under soft-start control, the output voltage rises to the set-point at a quicker and more linear rate. From the moment a valid input voltage is applied, the soft-start control introduces a short time delay (typically 10 ms–15 ms) before allowing the output voltage to rise. The output then progressively rises to the module’s setpoint voltage. Figure 18 shows the soft-start power-up characteristic of the PTH08T250W operating from a 5-V input bus and configured for a 1.2-V output. The waveforms were measured with a 25-A constant current load and the Auto-Track feature disabled. The initial rise in input current when the input voltage first starts to rise is the charge current drawn by the input capacitors. Power-up is complete within 30 ms. Differential Output Voltage Remote Sense Differential remote sense improves the load regulation performance of the module by allowing it to compensate for any IR voltage drop between its output and the load in either the positive or return path. An IR drop is caused by the output current flowing through the small amount of pin and trace resistance. With the sense pins connected, the difference between the voltage measured directly between the VO and GND pins, and that measured at the Sense pins, is the amount of IR drop being compensated by the regulator. This should be limited to a maximum of 0.3V. If the remote sense feature is not used at the load, connect +Sense (pin 17) to VO (pin11) and connect –Sense (pin 16) to the module GND (pin 13). The remote sense feature is not designed to compensate for the forward drop of nonlinear or frequency dependent components that may be placed in series with the converter output. Examples include OR-ing diodes, filter inductors, ferrite beads, and fuses. When these components are enclosed by the remote sense connection they are effectively placed inside the regulation control loop, which can adversely affect the stability of the regulator. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 19 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 On/Off Inhibit For applications requiring output voltage on/off control, the PTH08T250W incorporates an Inhibit control pin. The inhibit feature can be used wherever there is a requirement for the output voltage from the regulator to be turned off. The power modules function normally when the Inhibit pin is left open-circuit, providing a regulated output whenever a valid source voltage is connected to VI with respect to GND. Figure 19 shows the typical application of the inhibit function. Note the discrete transistor (Q1). The Inhibit input has its own internal pull-up. An external pull-up resistor should never be used with the inhibit pin. The input is not compatible with TTL logic devices. An open-collector (or open-drain) discrete transistor is recommended for control. Turning Q1 on applies a low voltage to the Inhibit control pin and disables the output of the module. If Q1 is then turned off, the module executes a soft-start power-up sequence. A regulated output voltage is produced within 20 ms. Figure 20 shows the typical rise in both the output voltage and input current, following the turn-off of Q1. The turn off of Q1 corresponds to the rise in the waveform, VINH. The waveforms were measured with a 25-A constant current load. VI 6 VI 7 VI VO (500 mV/div) + II (5 A/div) PTH08T250W 14 VI 15 VI CI 21 Inhibit/UVLO GND GND GND GND 1=Inhibit 8 9 12 13 Q1 BSS 138 GND VINH (2 V/div) UDG-07104 t − Time − 20 ms/div Figure 19. On/Off Inhibit Control Circuit Figure 20. Power-Up Response from Inhibit Control Overcurrent Protection For protection against load faults, all modules incorporate output overcurrent protection. Applying a load that exceeds the regulator's overcurrent threshold causes the regulated output to shut down. Following shutdown, the module periodically attempts to recover by initiating a soft-start power-up. This is described as a hiccup mode of operation, whereby the module continues in a cycle of successive shutdown and power up until the load fault is removed. During this period, the average current flowing into the fault is significantly reduced. Once the fault is removed, the module automatically recovers and returns to normal operation. Overtemperature Protection (OTP) A thermal shutdown mechanism protects the module’s internal circuitry against excessively high temperatures. A rise in the internal temperature may be the result of a drop in airflow, or a high ambient temperature. If the internal temperature exceeds the OTP threshold, the module’s Inhibit control is internally pulled low. This turns the output off. The output voltage drops as the external output capacitors are discharged by the load circuit. The recovery is automatic, and begins with a soft-start power up. It occurs when the sensed temperature decreases by about 10°C below the trip point. The overtemperature protection is a last resort mechanism to prevent thermal stress to the regulator. Operation at or close to the thermal shutdown temperature is not recommended and reduces the long-term reliability of the module. Always operate the regulator within the specified safe operating area (SOA) limits for the worst-case conditions of ambient temperature and airflow. 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Smart Sync Smart Sync is a feature that allows multiple power modules to be synchronized to a common frequency. When not used, this pin must be connect to GND. Driving the Smart Sync pins with an external oscillator set to the desired frequency, synchronizes all connected modules to the selected frequency. The synchronization frequency can be higher or lower than the nominal switching frequency of the modules within the range of 240 kHz to 400 kHz. Synchronizing modules powered from the same bus eliminates beat frequencies reflected back to the input supply, and also reduces EMI filtering requirements. Eliminating the low beat frequencies (usually<10kHz) allows the EMI filter to be designed to attenuate only the synchronization frequency. Power modules can also be synchronized out of phase to minimize ripple current and reduce input capacitance requirements. The PTH08T250W requires that the external synchronization frequency be present before a valid input voltage is present or before release of the inhibit control. Figure 21 shows a standard circuit with two modules syncronized 180° out of phase using a D flip-flop. 0° Track Sync TurboTrans VI= 5 V +Sense VO1 VI PTH08T250W VO SN74LVC2G74 + CI1 VCC CLK PRE CLK Q -Sense GND fCLK= 2 x fMOD AGND + VOAdj CO1 RSET1 GND 180° D GND Q Track Sync TurboTrans +Sense VI VO2 PTH08T240W VO + -Sense CI2 GND + VOAdj RSET2 CO2 GND UDG-07105 Figure 21. Typical Smart Sync Schematic Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 21 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Operating the PTH08T250W with a low duty cycle may increase the output voltage ripple. When operating at the nominal switching frequency, input voltages greater than (VO × 12) may cause the output voltage ripple to increase (up to 2×). When using Smart Sync, the minimum duty cycle varies as a function of output voltage and switching frequency. Synchronizing to a higher frequency causes greater restrictions on the duty cycle range. For a given switching frequency, Figure 22 shows the operating region where the output voltage ripple meets the electrical specifications. Operation above a given curve may cause the output voltage ripple to increase (up to 2×). For example, a module operating at 400 kHz and an output voltage of 1.2 V, the maximum input voltage that meets the output voltage ripple specification is 11 V. Exceeding 11 V may cause in an increase in output voltage ripple. As shown in Figure 22, operating below 6V allows operation down to the minimum output voltage over the entire synchronization frequency range without affecting the output voltage ripple. See the Electrical Characteristics table for the synchronization frequency range limits. The maximum output current that a single module can deliver may also be affected by the sychronization frequency. See Figure 23 below for load current derating when sychronizing at frequencies greater than 330 kHz. First consult the temperature derating graphs in the Typical Characteristics section to determine the maximum output current based on operating conditions. Any derating due to the SmartSync frequency is in addition to the temperature derating. MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT vs SMARTSYNC FREQUENCY 15 100 14 98 13 96 Maximum Load Current - % VI - Input Voltage - V RECOMMENDED INPUT VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY AND OUTPUT VOLTAGE 12 11 10 9 240 8 300 350 400 fSW (kHz) 240 350 6 92 90 88 86 84 300 7 94 82 400 5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 VO - Output Voltage - V 2.3 2.5 80 240 260 Figure 22. 22 280 300 320 340 360 380 fSS - SmartSync Frequency - kHz 400 Figure 23. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Auto-Track™ Function The Auto-Track function is unique to the PTH/PTV family, and is available with all POLA products. Auto-Track was designed to simplify the amount of circuitry required to make the output voltage from each module power up and power down in sequence. The sequencing of two or more supply voltages during power up is a common requirement for complex mixed-signal applications that use dual-voltage VLSI ICs such as the TMS320™ DSP family, microprocessors, and ASICs. How Auto-Track™ Works Auto-Track works by forcing the module output voltage to follow a voltage presented at the Track control pin (1). This control range is limited to between 0 V and the module set-point voltage. Once the track-pin voltage is raised above the set-point voltage, the module output remains at its set-point (2). As an example, if the Track pin of a 2.5-V regulator is at 1 V, the regulated output is 1 V. If the voltage at the Track pin rises to 3 V, the regulated output does not go higher than 2.5 V. When under Auto-Track control, the regulated output from the module follows the voltage at its Track pin on a volt-for-volt basis. By connecting the Track pin of a number of these modules together, the output voltages follow a common signal during power up and power down. The control signal can be an externally generated master ramp waveform, or the output voltage from another power supply circuit (3). For convenience, the Track input incorporates an internal RC-charge circuit. This operates off the module input voltage to produce a suitable rising waveform at power up. Typical Auto-Track Application The basic implementation of Auto-Track allows for simultaneous voltage sequencing of a number of Auto-Track compliant modules. Connecting the Track inputs of two or more modules forces their track input to follow the same collective RC-ramp waveform, and allows their power-up sequence to be coordinated from a common Track control signal. This can be an open-collector (or open-drain) device, such as a power-up reset voltage supervisor IC. See U3 in Figure 24. To coordinate a power-up sequence, the Track control must first be pulled to ground potential. This should be done at or before input power is applied to the modules. The ground signal should be maintained for at least 20 ms after input power has been applied. This brief period gives the modules time to complete their internal soft-start initialization (4), enabling them to produce an output voltage. A low-cost supply voltage supervisor IC, with a built-in time delay, is an ideal component for automatically controlling the Track inputs at power up. Figure 24 shows how the TL7712A supply voltage supervisor IC (U3) can be used to coordinate the sequenced power up of PTH08T250W modules. The output of the TL7712A supervisor becomes active above an input voltage of 3.6 V, enabling it to assert a ground signal to the common track control well before the input voltage has reached the module's undervoltage lockout threshold. The ground signal is maintained until approximately 28 ms after the input voltage has risen above U3's voltage threshold, which is 4.3 V. The 28-ms time period is controlled by the capacitor CT. The value of 2.2 µF provides sufficient time delay for the modules to complete their internal soft-start initialization. The output voltage of each module remains at zero until the track control voltage is allowed to rise. When U3 removes the ground signal, the track control voltage automatically rises. This causes the output voltage of each module to rise simultaneously with the other modules, until each reaches its respective set-point voltage. Figure 25 shows the output voltage waveforms after input voltage is applied to the circuit. The waveforms, VO1 and VO2, represent the output voltages from the two power modules, U1 (3.3 V) and U2 (1.8 V), respectively. VTRK, VO1, and VO2 are shown rising together to produce the desired simultaneous power-up characteristic. The same circuit also provides a power-down sequence. When the input voltage falls below U3's voltage threshold, the ground signal is re-applied to the common track control. This pulls the track inputs to zero volts, forcing the output of each module to follow, as shown in Figure 26. Power down is normally complete before the input voltage has fallen below the modules' undervoltage lockout. This is an important constraint. Once the modules recognize that an input voltage is no longer present, their outputs can no longer follow the voltage applied at their track input. During a power-down sequence, the fall in the output voltage from the modules is limited by the Auto-Track slew rate capability. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 23 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Notes on Use of Auto-Track™ 1. The Track pin voltage must be allowed to rise above the module set-point voltage before the module regulates at its adjusted set-point voltage. 2. The Auto-Track function tracks almost any voltage ramp during power up, and is compatible with ramp speeds of up to 1 V/ms. 3. The absolute maximum voltage that may be applied to the Track pin is the input voltage VI. 4. The module cannot follow a voltage at its track control input until it has completed its soft-start initialization. This takes about 20 ms from the time that a valid voltage has been applied to its input. During this period, it is recommended that the Track pin be held at ground potential. 5. The Auto-Track function is disabled by connecting the Track pin to the input voltage (VI). When Auto-Track is disabled, the output voltage rises according to its softstart rate after input power has been applied. 6. The Auto-Track pin should never be used to regulate the module's output voltage for long-term, steady-state operation. RTT1 VI 12 V AutoTrack TurboTrans +Sense VI VI VCC 7 VO1 3.3 V VO + + CI1 SENSE RESET 2 VO U1 PTH08T210W 8 -Sense 5 CO1 RESIN VOAdj GND GND GND GND U3 TL7712A 1 REF 3 CT RESET RRESET 10 kW RSET1 6 GND GND 4 CREF 0.1 mF CT 2.2 mF RTT2 AutoTrack TurboTrans +Sense VI VI VI VO U2 PTH08T250W VI + + -Sense CI2 GND GND GND GND VO2 1.8 V VO AGND CO2 VOAdj RSET2 GND UDG-07106 Figure 24. Sequenced Power Up and Power Down Using Auto-Track 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 VTRK (1 V/div) VTRK (1 V/div) VO1 (1 V/div) VO1 (1 V/div) VO2 (1 V/div) VO2 (1 V/div) t − Time − 20 ms/div t − Time − 400 ms/div Figure 25. Simultaneous Power Up With Auto-Track Control Figure 26. Simultaneous Power Down With Auto-Track Control Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 25 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 ADJUSTING THE UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT (UVLO) The PTH08T250W power modules incorporate an input undervoltage lockout (UVLO). The UVLO feature prevents the operation of the module until there is sufficient input voltage to produce a valid output voltage. This enables the module to provide a clean, monotonic powerup for the load circuit, and also limits the magnitude of current drawn from the regulator’s input source during the power-up sequence. The UVLO characteristic is defined by the ON threshold (VTHD) voltage. Below the ON threshold, the Inhibit control is overridden, and the module does not produce an output. The hysteresis voltage, which is the difference between the ON and OFF threshold voltages, is set at 500 mV. The hysteresis prevents start-up oscillations, which can occur if the input voltage droops slightly when the module begins drawing current from the input source. The UVLO feature of the PTH08T250W module allows for limited adjustment of the ON threshold voltage. The adjustment is made via the Inhbit/UVLO Prog control pin (pin 11) using a single resistor (see Figure 27). When pin 11 is left open circuit, the ON threshold voltage is internally set to its default value, which is 4.3 volts. The ON threshold might need to be raised if the module is powered from a tightly regulated 12-V bus. Adjusting the threshold prevents the module from operating if the input bus fails to completely rise to its specified regulation voltage. Equation 4 determines the value of RUVLO required to adjust VTHD to a new value. The default value is 4.3 V, and it may only be adjusted to a higher value. RUVLO = 230 (kW) VI - 4.6 (4) Table 7 lists the standard resistor values for RUVLO for different values of the on-threshold (VTHD) voltage. Table 7. Standard RUVLO values for Various VTHD values VTHD (V) 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 RUVLO (kΩ) 255 165 121 95.3 78.7 68.1 59.0 52.3 46.4 42.2 39.2 35.7 VI 6 VI 7 VI 14 VI + PTH08T250W 15 VI CI 21 Inhibit/UVLO GND GND GND GND 8 9 12 13 RUVLO GND UDG-07103 Figure 27. Undervoltage Lockout Adjustment Resistor Placement 26 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 CURRENT SHARING The PTH08T250W module is capable of being configured in parallel with another PTH08T250W module to share load current. To parallel the two modules, it is necessary to configure one module as the Master and one module as the Slave. To configure a module as the Master, connect the CONFIG pin (pin 1) to GND. The CONFIG pin of the Slave must be connected to VI. In order to share current, pins 2 thru 5 of both the Master and Slave must be connected between the two modules. See Figure 33 for the recommended layout of pins 2 thru 5. The module that is configured as the MASTER is used to control all of the functions of the two modules including Inhibit ON/OFF control, AutoTrack sequencing, TurboTrans, SmartSync, +/- Remote Sense, and Output Voltage Adjust. See the current sharing diagram in Figure 28 for connections. The MASTER and the SLAVE must be powered from the same input voltage supply. See Figure 28 and Table 8 for a diagram and connection description of each pin when two PTH08T250W modules are being used in a MASTER/SLAVE configuration. CURRENT SHARING DIAGRAM RTT 20 19 Track TT VI 6 VI 7 VI +Sense +Sense 17 14 VI PTH08T250W (Master) VO 11 15 VI + CI1 1000 mF VO VO 10 -Sense 16 21 INH/UVLO L O A D 22 SmartSync GND GND GND GND 8 9 12 13 Config Share Comp CLKIO AGND 1 2 3 5 VOAdj 4 18 + RSET 1% 0.05 W CO1 660 mF GND -Sense GND 20 6 VI 7 VI 1 2 3 5 4 19 Config Share Comp CLKIO AGND Track +Sense 17 14 VI VO 10 PTH08T250W (Slave) 15 VI CI2 + 1000 mF TT VO 11 21 INH/UVLO -Sense 16 CO2 660 mF + 22 SmartSync GND GND GND GND 8 9 12 13 VOAdj 18 UDG-07050 Figure 28. Typical Current Sharing Diagram Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 27 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Table 8. Required Connections for Current Sharing (1) TERMINAL NAME MASTER NO. VI 6,7,14,15 VO 10,11 GND 8,9,12,13 SLAVE Connect to the Input Bus. Connect to the Input Bus. Connect to the Output Bus. Connect to the Output Bus. Connect to Common Power GND. Connect to Common Power GND. Inhibit and UVLO 21 Use for Inhibit control & UVLO adjustments. If unused leave open-circuit. No Connection. Leave open-circuit. Vo Adjust 18 Use to set the output voltage. Connect RSET resistor between this pin and AGND (pin 4). No Connection. Leave open-circuit. +Sense 17 Connect to the output voltage either at the load or at the module (pin 11). No Connection. Leave open-circuit. –Sense 16 Connect to the output GND either at the load or at the module (pin 13). No Connection. Leave open-circuit. Track 20 Connect to Track control or to VI (pin 15). No Connection. Leave open-circuit. TurboTrans™ 19 Connect TurboTrans resistor, RTT, between this pin and +Sense (pin 17). No Connection. Leave open-circuit. SmartSync 22 Connect to an external clock. If unused connect to GND. Connect to Common Power GND. CONFIG 1 Connect to GND. (2) Connect to the Input Bus. Share 2 Connect to pin 2 of Slave. (2) Comp 3 Connect to pin 3 of Slave. (2) Connect to pin 3 of Master. AGND 4 Connect to pin 4 of Slave. (3) Connect to pin 4 of Master. Connect to pin 5 of Slave. (2) Connect to pin 5 of Master. CLKIO (1) (2) (3) 5 Connect to pin 2 of Master. For more details on the pin descriptions, please refer to the 'Terminal Functions' described in Table 1 See Layer A in Figure 33 for recommended layout See Layer B in Figure 33 for recommended layout Current Sharing and TurboTrans™ When using TurboTrans while paralleling two modules, the TurboTrans resistor, RTT, must be connected from the TurboTrans pin (pin 19) of the Master module to the +Sense pin (pin 17) of the Master module. When paralleling modules the procedure to calculate the proper value of output capacitance and RTT is similar to that explained in the TurboTrans Selection section, however the values must be calculated for a single module. Therefore, the total output current load step must be halved before determining the required output capacitance and the RTT value as explained in the TurboTrans Selection section. The value of output capacitance calculated is the minimum required output capacitance per module and the value of RTT must be calculated using this value of output capacitance. The TurboTrans pin of the Slave module must be left open. As an example, let's look at a 12-V application requiring a 60 mV deviation during an 30 A load transient. A majority of 470 μF, 10 mΩ output capacitors are used. Use the 12 V, Type B capacitor chart, Figure 12. First, halving the load transient gives 15 A. Dividing 60 mV by 15 A gives 4 mV/A transient voltage deviation per amp of transient load step. Select 4 mV/A on the Y-axis and read across to the 'With TurboTrans' plot. Following this point down to the X-axis gives us a minimum required output capacitance of approximately 1500 μF. This is the minimum required output capacitance per module. Hence, the total minimum output capacitance would be 2x1500 μF = 3000 μF. The required RTT resistor value for 1500 μF can then be calculated or selected from Table 5. The required RTT resistor is approximately 17.4 kΩ. Current Sharing Thermal Derating Curves The temperature derating curves in Figure 29 through Figure 32 represent the conditions at which internal components are at or below the manufacturer's maximum operating temperatures. Derating limits apply to two PTH08T250W modules soldered directly to a 100 mm x 200 mm double-sided PCB with 2 oz. copper and the direction of airflow from pins 10 to pins 22. For surface mount packages (AS and AZ suffix), multiple vias must be utilized. Please refer to the mechanical specification for more information. 28 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 90 90 80 80 TA - Ambient Temperature - °C TA - Ambient Temperature - °C AMBIENT TEMPERATURE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 70 400 LFM 60 VI = 12 V VO = 3.3 V 50 200 LFM Airflow 400 LFM 40 200 LFM 30 100 LFM 200 LFM VI = 12 V VO = 1.2 V 50 Airflow 400 LFM 40 200 LFM 100 LFM Natural Convection 100 LFM Natural Convection Nat conv 20 20 0 20 40 60 IO - Output Current - A 80 100 0 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE vs OUTPUT CURRENT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE vs OUTPUT CURRENT 90 80 80 70 400 LFM 60 VI = 5 V VO = 3.3 V 200 LFM Airflow 400 LFM 40 200 LFM 30 40 60 IO - Output Current - A Figure 30. 90 50 20 Figure 29. TA - Ambient Temperature - °C TA - Ambient Temperature - °C 400 LFM 60 30 100 LFM Nat conv 70 100 LFM Nat conv 100 LFM 80 100 80 100 70 400 LFM 60 200 LFM VI = 5 V VO = 1.2 V 50 100 LFM Airflow 400 LFM 40 200 LFM 30 100 LFM Natural Convection Natural Convection Nat conv 20 20 0 20 40 60 IO - Output Current - A 80 100 0 Figure 31. 20 40 60 IO - Output Current - A Figure 32. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 29 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Current Sharing Layout In current sharing applications the VI pins of both modules must be connected to the same input bus. The VO pins of both modules are connected together to power the load. The GND pins of both modules are connected via the GND plane. Four other inter-connection pins are connected between the modules. Figure 33 shows the required layout of the inter-connection pins for two modules configured to share current. Notice that the Share (pin 2) connection is routed between the Comp (pin 3) and CLKIO (pin 5) connections. AGND (pin 4) should be connected as a thicker trace on an adjacent layer, running parallel to pins 2, 3 and 5. AGND must not be connected to the GND plane. 1 1 LAYER A MASTER SLAVE AGND 1 LAYER B 1 MASTER SLAVE UDG-07107 Figure 33. Recommended Layout of Inter-Connection Pins Between Two Current Sharing Modules Prebias Startup Capability A prebias startup condition occurs as a result of an external voltage being present at the output of a power module prior to its output becoming active. This often occurs in complex digital systems when current from another power source is backfed through a dual-supply logic component, such as an FPGA or ASIC. Another path might be via clamp diodes as part of a dual-supply power-up sequencing arrangement. A prebias can cause problems with power modules that incorporate synchronous rectifiers. This is because under most operating conditions, these types of modules can sink as well as source output current. The PTH family of power modules incorporate synchronous rectifiers, but does not sink current during startup(1), or whenever the Inhibit pin is held low. However, to ensure satisfactory operation of this function, certain conditions must be maintained(2). Figure 35 shows an application demonstrating the prebias startup capability. The startup waveforms are shown in Figure 34. Note that the output current (IO) is negligible until the output voltage rises above the voltage backfed through the intrinsic diodes. 30 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 The prebias start-up feature is not compatible with Auto-Track. When the module is under Auto-Track control, it sinks current if the output voltage is below that of a back-feeding source. To ensure a pre-bias hold-off one of two approaches must be followed when input power is applied to the module. The Auto-Track function must either be disabled(3), or the module’s output held off (for at least 50 ms) using the Inhibit pin. Either approach ensures that the Track pin voltage is above the set-point voltage at start up. 1. Startup includes the short delay (approximately 10 ms) prior to the output voltage rising, followed by the rise of the output voltage under the module’s internal soft-start control. Startup is complete when the output voltage has risen to either the set-point voltage or the voltage at the Track pin, whichever is lowest. 2. To ensure that the regulator does not sink current when power is first applied (even with a ground signal applied to the Inhibit control pin), the input voltage must always be greater than the output voltage throughout the power-up and power-down sequence. 3. The Auto-Track function can be disabled at power up by immediately applying a voltage to the module’s Track pin that is greater than its set-point voltage. This can be easily accomplished by connecting the Track pin to VI. VIN (1 V/div) VO (1 V/div) IO (2 A/div) t - Time - 4 ms/div Figure 34. Prebias Startup Waveforms 3.3 V VI = 5 V Track VI +Sense Vo = 2.5 V VO PTH08T220W Io Inhibit GND Vadj -Sense VCCIO VCORE + + CI CO RSET 2.37 kW ASIC Figure 35. Application Circuit Demonstrating Prebias Startup Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 31 PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Tape & Reel and Tray Drawings 32 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W PTH08T250W www.ti.com SLTS278B – JUNE 2007 – REVISED AUGUST 2007 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): PTH08T250W 33 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 24-Sep-2007 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty PTH08T250WAD ACTIVE DIP MOD ULE ECT 22 25 TBD Call TI Call TI PTH08T250WAS ACTIVE DIP MOD ULE ECU 22 25 TBD Call TI Call TI PTH08T250WAST ACTIVE DIP MOD ULE ECU 22 200 TBD Call TI Call TI PTH08T250WAZ ACTIVE DIP MOD ULE BCU 22 25 TBD Call TI Call TI PTH08T250WAZT ACTIVE DIP MOD ULE BCU 22 200 TBD Call TI Call TI Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. 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