SKYPER 52 R Absolute Maximum Ratings SKYPER® IGBT Driver Core SKYPER 52 R Symbol Conditions Vs Supply voltage primary (tp<20ms, repition frequency < 1 Hz) ViH Input signal voltage (HIGH) Vs + 0.3 V ViL Input signal voltage (LOW) GND - 0.3 V IoutPEAK Output peak current 50 A IoutAVmax Output average current 300 mA fmax Max. switching frequency 100 kHz VCE Collector emitter voltage sense across the IGBT 1700 V dv/dt Rate of rise and fall of voltage secondary to primary side 100 kV/µs 4000 V 1500 V 1500 V Visol IO Target Data VisolPD Features Visol12 • Digital driver core • 2 output channels with 9W ouput power per channel • Potential free power supply • 3,3V and 5V signal interface • Under voltage lockout • Interlock logic • Short circuit detection with intelligent smooth shut-down • Insulated temperature sensor signal transmission • Adaptable error processing • IEC 60068-1 (climate) 40/085/56, no condensation and no dripping water permitted, non-corrosive, climate class 3K3 acc. EN60721 • Coated with varnish • RoHS compliant Typical Applications* Isolation test voltage input - output (AC, rms, 2s) Partial discharge extinction voltage, rms, QPD ≤ 10pC Isolation test voltage output 1 - output 2 (AC, rms, 2s) Values Unit 30 V RGon min Minimum rating for external RGon 0.6 RGoff min Minimum rating for external RGoff 0.6 Qout/pulse Max. rating for output charge per pulse 100 µC Top Operating temperature -40 ... 85 °C Tstg Storage temperature -40 ... 85 °C Characteristics Symbol Conditions min. Vs Supply voltage primary side 21.6 ISO Supply current primary (no load) typ. max. 24 26.4 180 Supply current primary side (max.) Vi Input signal voltage on / off VIT+ Input treshold voltage HIGH VIT- Input threshold voltage (LOW) Unit V mA 1800 3.3 / 0 mA V 2.3 1 V V • Driver for IGBT modules in bridge circuits in industrial application • DC bus voltage up to 1200V RIN Input resistance (switching/HALT signal) VG(on) Turn on output voltage 15 V VG(off) Turn off output voltage -15 V Footnotes fASIC Asic system switching frequency 8 MHz td(on)IO Input-output turn-on propagation time 1.1 µs td(off)IO Input-output turn-off propagation time 1.1 µs td(err) Error input-output propagation time 1) please refer to maximum limit of switching frequency curves 2) the isolation test is no series test and must be performed by the user 3) according to VDE 0110-20 Isolation coordination in compliance with EN50178 PD2 Degree of protection: IP00 5 k µs tpERRRESET Error reset time tTD Top-Bot interlock dead time Cps Coupling capacitance prim sec w weight µs 0 4.5 µs 35 pF 0.16 g MTBF 106h This is an electrostatic discharge sensitive device (ESDS), international standard IEC 60747-1, Chapter IX * The specifications of our components may not be considered as an assurance of component characteristics. Components have to be tested for the respective application. Adjustments may be necessary. The use of SEMIKRON products in life support appliances and systems is subject to prior specification and written approval by SEMIKRON. We therefore strongly recommend prior consultation of our staff. Driver Core © by SEMIKRON Rev. 7 – 24.02.2011 1 SKYPER® 52 R Technical Explanations Revision Status: Prepared by: 07 preliminary Johannes Krapp This Technical Explanation is valid for the following parts: part number: date code (YYWW): Related Documents: L50450XX (PCB Nr), L610030XX (Article Nr) ≥ 1040 title: Data Sheet SKYPER® 52 R SKYPER® 52 R 1. Content 1. 2. 3. Content .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Revision History ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 31. Handling Instructions ...............................................................................................................................3 32. Block Diagram ...........................................................................................................................................4 33. Mechanical Data ........................................................................................................................................5 4. Pinning .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 41. Primary SidePIN Array X10, X20 .............................................................................................................6 42. Secondary Side PIN Array X100, X101, X200, 201 .................................................................................8 5. Primary Side interface ............................................................................................................................... 10 51. Digital Input Signals ...............................................................................................................................10 52. Power Supply ..........................................................................................................................................11 53. Failure Management ...............................................................................................................................12 54. System Diagnostic Indication by LED ..................................................................................................12 55. Halt Logic Signal (HLS) ..........................................................................................................................14 56. Under Voltage Protection (UVP) primary .............................................................................................15 57. Overfrequency Monitoring (OFM) .........................................................................................................15 58. Dead Time generation (Interlock high / low side) adjustable (DT) ....................................................15 6. Seoncdary Side interface .......................................................................................................................... 16 61. Short Circuit Protection by VCEsat monitoring / de-saturation monitoring (SCP) .........................16 62. Adjustment of DSCP...............................................................................................................................16 63. External Boost Capacitors (BC) ............................................................................................................17 64. Gate Resistors ........................................................................................................................................18 65. Gate Clamping ........................................................................................................................................18 66. Under Voltage Protection secondary ...................................................................................................19 67. Temperature Sensing .............................................................................................................................19 68. IntelliOFF .................................................................................................................................................20 7. Driver Performance .................................................................................................................................... 22 71. Insulation .................................................................................................................................................23 72. Isolation Test Voltage .............................................................................................................................23 73. Environmental Conditions .....................................................................................................................23 8. Marking ....................................................................................................................................................... 24 9. Status Definition ......................................................................................................................................... 24 2 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 2. Revision History Revision Date Changes 00 2008-07-16 Initial target / advanced technical documentation. 01 2008-11-10 Initial target / advanced technical documentation. Additional chapters 02 2009-04-03 Target / specification of product features 03 2009-09-24 Target/ specification of product features/ temperature sensing 04 2010-05-03 Preliminary/Modification Performance Diagramm/ Dimensions+Drill Sizes/ Update Pinning 05 2010-08-20 Update LED 06 2010-09-23 Update structure, changed boot time, changed failure logic, tolerance of power supply 07 2011-02-24 Update LED, Exchange Slot 7 and 8 Please note: Unless otherwise specified, all values in this technical explanation are typical values. Typical values are the average values expected in large quantities and are provided for information purposes only. These values can and do vary in different applications. All operating parameters should be validated by user’s technical experts for each application. 3. Introduction The SKYPER 52 driver core constitutes an interface between IGBT module and the controller. This driver core is based on fully digital signal processing and provides individual control parameter settings and drives parallel connected. The differential signal processing ensures a high level of signal integrity and hence high noise rejection. With the digital driver SKYPER 52, switching characteristics, shut down levels, as well as error processing can be set to meet the given application requirements. This means flexibility with the driver circuitry properties and, consequently, the control settings for the power electronics, which can be adapted to meet the individual needs. If an error is detected, this then means that all of the power transistors can be switched off either individually or sequentially. Overvoltages, especially those that occur in short-circuit turn-off conditions, are reduced by the IGBT driver. To do so, the driver switches the power transistor smoothly. This is possible by intelligent turn-off control. SKYPER® 52 Two output channels with 9W output per channel Up to 1700V VCE Integrated potential free power supply for secondary side Matched propagation delay for all outputs UVP (primary & secondary), Interlock logic , Halt logic signal Intelligent smooth turn off Failure processing with individual adaptation DC bus voltage up to 1200V Coated with varnish 31. Handling Instructions Please provide for static discharge protection during handling. As long as the driver board is not completely assembled, the input terminals have to be short-circuited. Persons working with devices have to wear a grounded bracelet. Any synthetic floor coverings must not be statically chargeable. Even during transportation the input terminals have to be short-circuited using, for example, conductive rubber. Worktables have to be grounded. The same safety requirements apply to MOSFET- and IGBT-modules. It is important to feed any errors back to the control circuit and to switch off the device immediately in failure events. Repeated turn-on of the IGBT into a short circuit with a high frequency may destroy the device. The inputs of the driver boards are sensitive to over-voltage. Voltages higher than specified level +0,3V or below -0,3V may destroy these inputs. Therefore, control signal over-voltages exceeding the above values have to be avoided. For design support please read the SEMIKRON Application Manual Power Modules and SEMIKRON Application Notes available at www.SEMIKRON.com or consult your responsible sales contact. 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON 3 SKYPER® 52 R 32. Block Diagram SKYPER 52 Desat Detect High Side TOP_VCE_IN TOP_CFG_IN TOP_CFG_OUT TOP_GATINGTIME Active Gate Control / Clamp TOP_GATE_CLMP Modem VP Secondary Control Power Supply Gate Driver High Side High Side GND incl. Under Voltage Protection, IntelliOff Gate Signal Converter High Side Power Supply TOP_RX Primary Control BOT_RX HALT_RX HALT_TX Temp. Detect Digital Signal Converter DIAG_RX Secondary Control DIAG_TX Low Side GND ERROROFF_OFF R_DEADTIME Modem V3P3 GND incl. Under Voltage Protection, IntelliOff Desat Detect Low Side BOT_VCE_IN BOT_CFG_IN BOT_CFG_OUT BOT_GATINGTIME Active Gate Control / Clamp BOT_GATE_CLMP BOT_V3P3 BOT_ERROROFF_OFF BOT_INTELLIOFF Gate Driver Low Side Gate Signal Converter Low Side 4 2011-02-24 – Rev07 TOP_GATE_ON TOP_GATE_OFF TOP_GATE_SOFTOFF TOP_VP TOP_VN TOP_GND TOP_V3P3 TOP_ERROROFF_OFF TOP_INTELLIOFF TOP_TEMP_P TOP_TEMP_N BOT_GATE_ON BOT_GATE_OFF BOT_GATE_SOFTOFF BOT_VP BOT_VN BOT_GND © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 33. Mechanical Data Dimensions in mm (top view) X10 X20 X10 X20 Ø 3,18 Drill Size in mm X101 X201 X200 X201 X200 35,00 X100 X100 X101 ±0,2mm unless otherwise noted Soldering Hints Finished Hole & Pad Size in mm The temperature of the solder must not exceed 260°C, and solder time must not exceed 10 seconds. Ø 1,1 ±0,05 The ambient temperature must not exceed the specified maximum storage temperature of the driver. The solder joints should be in accordance to IPC A 610 Revision D (or later) Class 3 (Acceptability of Electronic Assemblies) to ensure an optimal connection between driver core and printed circuit board The driver is not suited for hot air reflow or infrared reflow processes. pad size: min. 1,8 Use of Support Posts The connection between driver core and printed circuit board should be mechanical reinforced by using support posts. Hole for support post The driver board has got ten holes for supports posts. SKYPER 52 Support post with external screw thread Using support posts with external screw thread improves mechanical assembly. Product information of suitable support posts and distributor contact information is available at e.g. http://www.richco-inc.com or http://www.ettinger.de. Printed Ciruit Board 5 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 4. Pinning 41. Primary SidePIN Array X10, X20 Connector X10, X20 (Male headers soldering technique) Grid: 2,54mm Connection type: soldering Surface: selective gold-plated Male cross-section: square 0,635 28 14 1 1 6 2,54 0,635 PIN Signal Function Specification X10:01 ERROROFF_OFF Disable shut-down output signal LOW (connection to ground) = enable shut-down output signal HIGH (connection to V3P3) = disable shut-down output signal X10:02 VP Driver core power supply. Bypass with low ESR capacitor and place as close to VP pin as possible. Supply voltage +24VDC ( 10%) X10:03 GND Ground X10:04 V3P3 Reference voltage for ERROROFF_OFF, DEADTIME_OFF X10:05 GND Ground X10:06 HALT_TX_N X10:07 HALT_TX_P Differential driver core status output. This output pair is the differential status signal output from the core. X10:08 GND Ground X10:09 DIAG_TX_P Reserved. Do not connect. X10:10 HALT_RX_P Differential driver core status input. This input pair (HALT_RX_P, HALT_RX_N) is the differential status signal input to the core. X10:11 DIAG_RX_P Reserved. Do not connect. X10:12 BOT_RX_P Differential switching signal input low side. This input pair (BOT_RX_P, BOT_RX_N) is the differential signal input to the core. Digital 3,3/5V logic LOW = low side transistor off HIGH = low side transistor on X10:13 TOP_RX_P Differential switching signal input high side. This input pair (TOP_RX_P, TOP_RX_N) is the differential signal input to the core. Digital 3,3/5V logic LOW = high side transistor off HIGH = high side transistor on X10:14 GND Ground X10:15 GND Ground X10:16 TOP_RX_N Differential switching signal input high side. This input pair (TOP_RX_P, TOP_RX_N) is the differential signal input to the core. Digital 3,3/5V logic LOW = high side transistor on HIGH = high side transistor off X10:17 BOT_RX_N Differential switching signal input low side. This input pair (BOT_RX_P, BOT_RX_N) is the differential signal input to the core. Digital 3,3/5V logic LOW = low side transistor on HIGH = low side transistor off X10:18 DIAG_RX_N Reserved. Do not connect. X10:19 HALT_RX_N Differential driver core status input. This input pair (HALT_RX_P, HALT_RX_N) is the differential status signal input to the core. 6 2011-02-24 – Rev07 Terminated with 1kΩ Open collector output to GND Open collector output to 3,3V Umax=5,5V; Imax=10mA LOW = Ready to operate HIGH = Not ready to operate Digital 3,3/5V logic LOW = enable driver core HIGH = disable driver core Digital 3,3/5V logic LOW = disable driver core HIGH = enable driver core © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R X10:20 DIAG_TX_N Reserved. Do not connect. X10:21 GND Ground X10:22 GND Ground X10:23 R_DEADTIME Adjustment of locking time. X10:24 GND Ground X10:25 V3P3 Reference voltage for ERROROFF_OFF, DEADTIME_OFF X10:26 GND Ground X10:27 VP Driver core power supply. Bypass with low ESR capacitor and place as close to VP pin as possible. Supply voltage +24VDC ( 10%) X10:28 DEADTIME_OFF Disable interlock logic. LOW (connection to ground) = enable interlock logic HIGH (connection to V3P3) = disable interlock logic X20:01 ~ X20:14 GND Ground 7 2011-02-24 – Rev07 External resistor to ground. Terminated with 1kΩ © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 42. Secondary Side PIN Array X100, X101, X200, 201 Connector X100, X101, X200, X201 (Male headers soldering technique) 2,54 Grid: 2,54mm Connection type: soldering Surface: selective gold-plated Male cross-section: square 0,635 6 14 1 0,635 PIN Signal Function Specification X100:01 TOP_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (high side) X100:02 TOP_GATE_SOFTOFF Control input for smooth shut-down setting (high side) External resistor to gate (high side) X100:03 TOP_VN Output power supply for external boost capacitors (high side) Typ. -15V; Max. -18V X100:04 TOP_GATE_OFF Switch off signal high side transistor Connection to gate (high side) X100:05 TOP_VP Output power supply for external boost capacitors (high side) Typ. -+15V; Max. +18V X100:06 TOP_GATE_ON Switch on signal high side transistor Connection to gate (high side) X100:07 TOP_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (high side) X100:08 TOP_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (high side) X100:09 TOP_GATE_ON Switch on signal high side transistor Connection to gate (high side) X100:10 TOP_VP Output power supply for external boost capacitors (high side) Typ. +15V; Max. +18V X100:11 TOP_GATE_OFF Switch off signal high side transistor Connection to gate (high side) X100:12 TOP_VN Output power supply for external boost capacitors (high side) Typ. -15V; Max. -18V X100:13 TOP_GATE_SOFTOFF Control input for smooth shut-down setting (high side) External resistor to gate (high side) X100:14 TOP_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (high side) X101:01 TOP_GATE_CLMP Gate voltage clamping (high side) X101:02 TOP_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (high side) X101:03 TOP_ERROROFF_OFF Disable shut-down output signal LOW (connection to ground) = enable shut-down output signal HIGH (connection to TOP_V3P3) = disable shutdown output signal X101:04 TOP_INTELLIOFF Intelligent shut-down setting (high side) External resistor to ground X101:05 TOP_V3P3 Reference voltage for TOP_ERROROFF_OFF Terminated with 1kΩ X101:06 TOP_TEMP_P Temperature sensor positive input Temperature dependent resistor between TOP_TEMP_P and TOP_TEMP_N; RTEMP<430Ω General error input Generic failure input. Pull up resistor 511Ω Failure -> over 1,5V No failure -> under 1,5V X101:07 TOP_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (high side) X101:08 TOP_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (high side) 8 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R X101:09 TOP_TEMP_N Temperature sensor negative input Connected to ground X101:10 TOP_GATINGTIME Blanking time setting of short circuit detection (high side) External resistor to ground X101:11 TOP_VCE_CFG_IN X101:12 TOP_VCE_CFG_OUT Threshold voltage setting of short circuit detection (high side) Resistor between TOP_VCE_CFG_IN and TOP_VCE_CFG_OUT X101:13 TOP_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (high side) X101:14 TOP_VCE_IN Input short circuit detection (high side) Connected to auxiliary collector (high side) X200:01 BOT_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (low side) X200:02 BOT_GATE_ON Switch on signal low side transistor Connection to gate (low side) X200:03 BOT_VP Output power supply for external boost capacitors (low side) Typ. +15V; Max. +18V X200:04 BOT_GATE_OFF Switch off signal high side transistor Connection to gate (low side) X200:05 BOT_VN Output power supply for external boost capacitors (low side) Typ. -15V; Max. -18V X200:06 BOT_GATE_SOFTOFF Control input for smooth shut-down setting (low side) External resistor to gate (low side) X200:07 BOT_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (low side) X200:08 BOT_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (low side) X200:09 BOT_GATE_SOFTOFF Control input for smooth shut-down setting (low side) External resistor to gate (low side) X200:10 BOT_VN Output power supply for external boost capacitors (low side) Typ. -15V; Max. -18V X200:11 BOT_GATE_OFF Switch off signal high side transistor Connection to gate (low side) X200:12 BOT_VP Output power supply for external boost capacitors (low side) Typ. +15V; Max. -18V X200:13 BOT_GATE_ON Switch on signal low side transistor Connection to gate (low side) X200:14 BOT_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (low side) X201:01 BOT_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (low side) X201:02 BOT_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (low side) X201:03 BOT_V3P3 Reference voltage for BOT_ERROROFF_OFF Terminated with 1kΩ X201:04 BOT_INTELLIOFF Intelligent shut-down setting (low side) External resistor to ground X201:05 BOT_ERROROFF_OFF Disable shut-down output signal LOW (connection to ground) = enable shut-down output signal HIGH (connection to BOT_V3P3) = disable shutdown output signal X201:06 BOT_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (low side) X201:07 BOT_GATE_CLMP Gate voltage clamping (low side) X201:08 BOT_VCE_IN Input short circuit detection (low side) Connected to auxiliary collector (low side) X201:09 BOT_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (low side) X201:10 BOT_VCE_CFG_OUT X201:11 BOT_VCE_CFG_IN Threshold voltage setting of short circuit detection (high side) Resistor between BOT_VCE_CFG_IN and BOT_VCE_CFG_OUT X201:12 BOT_GATINGTIME Blanking time setting of short circuit detection (low side) External resistor to ground X201:13 BOT_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (low side) X201:14 BOT_GND Ground for power supply Connection to emitter (low side) 9 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 5. Primary Side interface The ground potentials on the driver board are equal and all physically connected with each other on the printed circuit board. Because of the voltage drop on the power supply cable, the potential of power supply ground at the user side is different to the ground potential on the driver board. Please note: Do not remove the plug with applied voltage of the power supply. This can lead to unspecified voltage levels at the output stages of the driver board with the risk of destructions. 51. Digital Input Signals The signal inputs for high side and low side are compatible with 3.3V and 5V I/O standards. This means that the driver circuit can be directly connected to standard logic outputs of microcontroller or DSP without additional level shifting. To obtain high performance and reliable signal transmission in a power electronic environment, differential signalling is used for the inputs. Please note: It is not permitted to apply switching pulses shorter than 2µs. Application Example - Connection µC / DSP with User Interface User Side SKYPER 52 R PWM INPUT TOP (from controller) 1K 1K TOP_RX_P 4,75K 1K 1K 1K 1K PWM INPUT BOT (from controller) 1K 1K BOT_RX_P The termination resistors are ~5k ohm. To simplify the interface with less EMC robustness following circuit can be used for standard PWM: 4,75K TOP_RX_N The application example shows a circuit in push-pull configuration for high and lows side input. User Side PWM INPUT TOP (from controller) TOP_RX_P TOP_RX_N 4,75K 4,75K BOT_RX_N PWM INPUT BOT (from controller) BOT_RX_P BOT_RX_N To increase the EMC robustness following circuit with differential signals coming out of the controller can be used: User Side PWM INPUT TOP (from controller) PWM INPUT TOP (from controller) PWM INPUT BOT (from controller) PWM INPUT BOT (from controller) 10 2011-02-24 – Rev07 SKYPER 52 R TOP_RX_P TOP_RX_N BOT_RX_P BOT_RX_N © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 52. Power Supply A few basic rules should be followed when dimensioning the user side power supply for the driver board. The following table shows the required features of an appropriate power supply. Requirements of the auxiliary power supply Power supply +24V ±10% Maximum rise time of auxiliary power supply 50ms Minimum peak current of auxiliary supply 1,5A Power on reset completed after (typ.) 3s Please note: Do not apply switching signals during power on reset. The supplying switched mode power supply may not be turned-off for a short time as consequence of its current limitation. Its output characteristic needs to be considered. Switched mode power supplies with fold-back characteristic or hiccup-mode can create problems if no sufficient over current margin is available. The voltage has to rise continuously and without any plateau formation. If the power supply is able to provide a higher current, a peak current will flow in the first instant to charge up the input capacitances on the driver. Its peak current value will be limited by the power supply and the effective impedances (e.g. distribution lines), only. It is recommended to avoid the paralleling of several customer side power supply units. Their different set current limitations may lead to dips in the supply voltage. The driver board is ready for operation typically 3s after turning on the supply voltage. The driver status signal HALT_RX and HALT_TX is operational after this time. Without any error present, the HALT_TX signal will be reset. To assure a high level of system safety the high and low side, signal inputs should stay in a defined state (OFF state) during driver turn-on time. Only after the end of the power-on-reset, IGBT operation shall be permitted. Connection of Stabilizing Capacitor VP should be additionally stabilized by low ESR capacitor CVP. This capacitor has to be placed as close to VP pins as possible. User Side VP Dimension of CVP: CVP > 200 +24V Cies Cies is the input capacitance of connected power semiconductor (see power semiconductor data sheet). CVP CVP should be minimum 220µF/100V. GND 11 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 53. Failure Management A failure caused by under voltage protection (primary and secondary), critical frequency monitoring, short circuit protection or temperature protection will force HALT_TX into LOW state (not ready to operate) and set the error latch. The IGBTs will be switched off (IGBT driving signals set to LOW) and switching pulses from the controller will be not transferred to the output stage. At the same time an internal timer with a time constant of 20s is started. If no failure is present anymore, a time of minimum 20s after failure detection is passed, the driver board is ready to operate and switching signals are transferred to the output stage again. The shut-down of all connected IGBTs in case of detected failure event can be disabled by using the ERROROFF_OFF function. If this function is activated, a detected failure is indicated at HALT_TX. The shut-down has to be forced by the user. Failure management by controller: Enabling ERROROFF_OFF User Side User Side TOP_ERROROFF_OFF ERROROFF_OFF V3P3 Failure management by driver If the shut-down should be forced by the driver, ERROROFF_OFF must be connected to GND, TOP_ERROROFF_OFF must be connected to TOP_GND and BOT_ERROROFF_OFF must be connected to BOT_GND. TOP_V3P3 BOT_ERROROFF_OFF BOT_V3P3 Please note: With activating the ERROROFF_OFF function, the user is responsible for protection shut-down of the IGBTs. 54. System Diagnostic Indication by LED The system status during system power on, normal operation or failure event are illuminated by three tri-colours LEDs (LED 0 (V12) on primary side, LED 1 (V105) on secondary side for high side switch, LED 2 (V205) on secondary side for low side switch) on the driver board. The LEDs indicate the following conditions. Diagnostic Code – System Start LED 0 (V12) Description green, flashes red, flashes yellow, flashes System is starting and checking supply voltages. Supply voltage < Vs min. Failure during system start. Automatic restart after 10 seconds and Vs > threshold level for reset. LED 1 (V105), LED 2 (V205) Description yellow, flashes System is starting and waiting for configuration of secondary side. Diagnostic Code – Normal Operation LED 0 (V12) Description green, steady on System is working. No system failures occur since last system start. LED 1 (V105), LED 2 (V205) Description green, steady on System is working. No system failures occur since last system start. 12 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R Diagnostic Code – Failure Type Indication after Failure Event on Primary Side LED 0 (V12) is illuminating ten flashes with a frequency of 1Hz. After no illumination for three seconds, the flashing sequence is repeated. The failure indication is illuminated until the driver is rebooted (turn-off of internal power supply). Examples for LED 0 (V12): Flashing sequence Description Failure caused by critical oscillation of input signal is present. Failure caused by under voltage supply, but is not present anymore. LED 0 (V12) Flash 1 Flash 2 Flash 3 Flash 4 Flash 5 Status HALT signal from customer Status oscillation failure (>100kHz) Failure of signal transmission sec to prim Failure secondary side Under voltage supply Flash 6 Flash 7 Flash 8 Flash 9 Flash 10 Status Short circuit or internal supply under voltage Over current at primary power supply Overvoltage at generic Analogue input (High Side) Switching Signal TOP/BOT while system is resetting Internal Error LED 0 (V12) (colour of the flash) Description green yellow red OK. No failure. Failure was occurred, but failure is not present anymore. Failure is present. Diagnostic Code – Failure Type Indication after Failure Event on Secondary Side LED 1 (V105) and LED 2 (V205) are illuminating five flashes with a frequency of 1Hz. After no illumination for three seconds, the flashing sequence is repeated. The failure indication is illuminated until reconfiguration of the secondary side (turn-off of internal power supply). Examples for LED 1 (V105), LED 2 (V205): Flashing sequence Description Failure caused by under voltage +15V is present. Failure caused by under voltage -15V happened, but is not present anymore. LED 1 (V105), LED 2 (V205) flash 1 flash 2 flash 3 flash 4 flash 5 Short circuit of IGBT Status failure of power supply Status under voltage +15V Status under voltage -15V Internal Error LED 1 (V105), LED 2 (V205) (colour of the flash) Description green yellow red OK. No failure. Failure was occurred, but failure is not present anymore. Failure is present. 13 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 55. Halt Logic Signal (HLS) The Halt Logic Signals HALT_RX and HALT_TX show and control the drive core status. The driver core is placed into halt mode by setting HALT_RX_P (reference to HALT_RX_N) into HIGH state (disable driver). This signal can gather disable signals of other hardware components for stopping operation and switching off the IGBT. A HIGH signal will set the driver core into HOLD and switching pulses from the controller will be not transferred to the output stage. The input and output have differential characteristic. Pull up and open collector output stages must not be used. Halt Logic Signal Table Differential HALT Status Output HALT_TX_N HALT_TX_P Differential HALT Enable/Disable Input Difference of HALT_RX_P and HALT_RX_N Ready state Failure detection by driver Failure detection by controller HALT_TX_N: open HALT_TX_P: open HALT_TX_N: 0V HALT_TX_P: 3,3V HALT_TX_N: open HALT_TX_P: open HALT_RX_P higher level than HALT_RX_N -> Enable xx HALT_RX_P lower level than HALT_RX_N -> Disable Please note: A HIGH signal @ HALT_RX_P (reference to HALT_RX_N) does not generate a HIGH signal @ HALT_TX. After 3s of LOW signal @ HALT_RX_P (reference to HALT_RX_N) the gate driver is enabled to operate. Application example HALT TX -> Failure Output User Side SKYPER 52 R To simplify the error output following interface can be used (15V No FailureError/ 0V Failure): 3.3V User Side SKYPER 52 R HALT_TX_P 4,75K 4,75K OUTPUT STATUS 3.3V Failure: Switches are conductive No Failure: Switches are open 15V HALT_TX_P 4,75K HALT_TX_N HALT_TX_N OUTPUT STATUS Application example HALT RX -> Failure Input User Side SKYPER 52 R 4,75K User Side 4,75K 1K 1K HALT_RX_N 14 1K 1K HALT_RX_P HALT_Input (from controller) To simplify the error output following interface can be used: 2011-02-24 – Rev07 PWM INPUT BOT (from controller) SKYPER 52 R HALT_RX_P HALT_RX_N © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 56. Under Voltage Protection (UVP) primary Signal Characteristics typ. Under voltage protection trip level 16V Threshold level for reset after failure event 18V If the internally detected supply voltage of the driver board falls below this level, the IGBTs will be switched off (IGBT driving signals set to LOW) and the failure signal is present. The system restarts after 20 seconds and, if the supply voltage is higher than threshold level for reset after failure event. 57. Overfrequency Monitoring (OFM) This circuit monitors oscillation at the digital inputs. If the switching frequency is > 100kHz, the IGBTs will be switched off (IGBT driving signals set to LOW). The system restarts after 20 seconds and, if applied switching frequency is < 100kHz. 58. Dead Time generation (Interlock high / low side) adjustable (DT) The dead time circuit prevents, that high and low side IGBT of one half bridge are switched on at the same time (shoot through). The dead time is not added to a dead time given by the controller. Thus the total dead time is the maximum of "built in dead time" and "controller dead time". It is possible to control the driver with one switching signal and its inverted signal. Pulse pattern – DT TOP_RX (HIGH) The total propagation delay of the driver is the sum of interlock dead time (tTD) and driver input output signal propagation delay (td(on;off)IO) as shown in the pulse pattern. Moreover the switching time of the IGBT chip has to be taken into account (not shown in the pulse pattern). If only one channel is switching, there will be no interlock dead time. No error message will be generated when overlap of switching signals occurs. TOP_RX (LOW) BOT_RX (HIGH) BOT_RX (LOW) TOP_GATE_ON TOP_GATE_OFF BOT_GATE_ON BOT_GATE_OFF td(on;off)IO tTD Adjustment of Dead time / Neutralizing Locking Functions Interlock time [µs] User Side R_DEADTIME DEADTIME_OFF 1,0 RTD = 0Ω GND 1,5 RTD = 100Ω GND 2,0 RTD = 220Ω GND 2,5 RTD = 470Ω GND 3,0 RTD = 1kΩ GND 3,5 RTD = 2,2kΩ GND 4,0 RTD = 4,7kΩ GND 4,5 RTD = 10kΩ GND no interlock Application Example (tTD = 3,0µs) open R_DEADTIME V3P3 RTD 1k DEADTIME_OFF GND V3P3 Please note: The dead time has to be longer than the turn-off delay time of the IGBT in any case. This is to avoid that one IGBT is turned on before the other one is not completely discharged. If the dead time is too short, the heat generated by the short circuit current may destroy the module in the event of a short circuit in top or bottom arm. The average output current is available at each output channel. It is not possible to interconnect the output channels to achieve a higher average output current by neutralizing the locking function. 15 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 6. Seoncdary Side interface 61. Short Circuit Protection by VCEsat monitoring / de-saturation monitoring (SCP) The SCP circuit is responsible for short circuit sensing. It monitors the collector-emitter voltage VCE of the IGBT during its onstate. Due to the direct measurement of VCEsat on the IGBT's collector, the SCP circuit switches off the IGBTs and an error is indicated. After tbl has passed, the de-saturation monitoring will be triggered as soon as VCE > VCEstat and will turn off the IGBT and the failure mode is active. The blanking time (tbl) and the collector-emitter threshold static monitoring voltage (VCEstat) may be controlled by external resistors RGATINGTIME and RCE. Possible failure modes are shows in the following pictures. Short circuit during operation Turn on of IGBT too slow * Short circuit during turn on V V V VCE VCE VCE VCEstat VCEstat VCEstat VCEsat VCEsat VCEsat tbl t t tbl turn on instant gate voltage t tbl turn on instant gate voltage turn on instant gate voltage * or adjusted blanking time too short 62. Adjustment of DSCP The external components RCE and RGATINGTIME are applied for adjusting the steady-state threshold the blanking time. Connection RCE and RGATINGTIME Dimensioning of RCE and RGATINGTIME R CE 1000 21,801V 1221 VCEstat 2,309 V Blanking time [µs] User Side TOP_VCE_CFG_IN RGATINGTIME [Ω] 3 10k 4 4,7k 5 2,2k 6 1k TOP_VCE_CFG_OUT 7 470 TOP_GATINGTIME 8 220 9 100 10 0 RCE RGATINGTIME TOP_GND BOT_VCE_CFG_IN RCE BOT_VCE_CFG_OUT VCEstat: Collector-emitter threshold static monitoring voltage tbl: Blanking time VCEstat_max = 10,5V BOT_GATINGTIME RGATINGTIME BOT_GND Please Note: The equations are calculated not considering the forward voltage of the high voltage diode (~1,5V). The calculated values VCEstat and tbl are typical values at room temperature can and do vary in the application (e.g. tolerances of used high voltage diode, resistor RCE, RGATINGTIME). The DSCP function is not recommended for over current protection. If the SCP function is not used, for example during the experimental phase, TOP_VCE_IN must be connected with TOP_GND for disabling SCP @ high side and BOT_VCE_IN must be connected with BOT_GND for disabling SCP @ low side. Please consider that no protection will be anymore available 16 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R The high voltage diode blocks the high voltage during IGBT off state. The connection of this diode between driver and IGBT is shown in the following schematic. Connection High Voltage Diode Characteristics User Side BY203/20S Reverse blocking voltage of the diode shall be higher than the blocking voltage of the used IGBT. Reverse recovery time of the fast diode shall be lower than td(off) of the used IGBT. Forward voltage of the diode: 1,5V @ 2mA forward current (Tj=25°C). TOP_VCE_IN TOP_VCE_CFG_IN RCE TOP_VCE_CFG_OUT TOP_GATINGTIME High Side RGATINGTIME TOP_GND Load BY203/20S BOT_VCE_IN BOT_VCE_CFG_IN RCE BOT_VCE_CFG_OUT Low Side BOT_GATINGTIME RGATINGTIME BOT_GND 63. External Boost Capacitors (BC) The gate charge of the driver may be increased by additional boost capacitors to drive IGBT with large gate capacitance. Connection External Boost Capacitors Dimensioning of Cboost If the required gate charge is > 5µC, additional boost capacitor has to be used. User Side TOP_VP TOP_VP CboostVP = 5 × Cies CboostVN = 5 × Cies Cies is the input capacitance of connected power semiconductor Minimum rated voltage CboostVP: 25V Minimum rated voltage CboostVN: 25V Type of capacitor: ceramic capacitor TOP_VN TOP_VN CboostVN CboostVP TOP_GND BOT_VP BOT_VP Please consider the maximum rating four output charge per pulse of the gate driver. BOT_VN BOT_VN CboostVN BOT_GND 17 CboostVP Application Hints The external boost capacitors should be connected as close as possible to the gate driver and to have low inductance. 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 64. Gate Resistors The output transistors of the driver are MOSFETs. The drains of the MOSFETs are separately connected to external terminals in order to provide setting of the turn-on and turn-off speed of each IGBT by the external resistors RGon and RGoff. As an IGBT has input capacitance (varying during switching time) which must be charged and discharged, both resistors will dictate what time must be taken to do this. The final value of the resistance is difficult to predict, because it depends on many parameters as DC link voltage, stray inductance of the circuit, switching frequency and type of IGBT. Connection RGon, RGoff Application Hints User Side RGon TOP TOP_GATE_ON TOP_GATE_OFF RGoff RGE 10K Load TOP_GND RGon BOT BOT_GATE_ON BOT_GATE_OFF RGoff The gate resistor influences the switching time, switching losses, dv/dt behaviour, etc. and has to be selected very carefully. Due to this influence a general value for the gate resistors cannot be recommended. The gate resistor has to be optimized according to switching behaviour and over voltage peaks within the specific circuitry. By increasing RGon the turn-on speed will decrease. The reverse peak current of the free-wheeling diode will diminish. By increasing RGoff the turn-off speed of the IGBT will decrease. The inductive peak over voltage during turn-off will diminish. In order to ensure locking of the IGBT even when the driver supply voltage is turned off, a resistance (RGE) has to be integrated. RGE 10K BOT_GND BOT_GND Please note: Do not connect the terminals TOP_GATE_ON with TOP_GATE_OFF and BOT_GATE_ON with BOT_GATE_OFF, respectively. Application hint: For futher design support, please read the Application Note AN-7003 "Gate Resistior – Principles and Applications". The application note is available on Driver Electronics product page at www.SEMIKRON.com. 65. Gate Clamping By using an external Schottky diode, the voltage at the gate can be limited in case of turned off driver. Connection Clamping Diode User Side RGon TOP TOP_GATE_ON TOP_GATE_OFF RGoff RGE 10K TOP_GATE_CLMP TOP_GND BOT_GATE_ON Load RGon BOT_GATE_OFF RGoff BOT_GATE_CLMP BOT_GND BOT Application hint: For futher design support, please read the Application Note AN-7002 "Connection of Gate Drivers to IGBT and Controller". The application note is available on Driver Electronics product page at www.SEMIKRON.com. RGE 10K BOT_GND 18 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 66. Under Voltage Protection secondary This function monitors the rectified voltage on the secondary side. The table below gives an overview of the trip level. Signal Characteristics typ. Under voltage protection trip level +15V 11V Threshold level for reset after failure event +15V 13V Under voltage protection trip level -15V -11V Threshold level for reset after failure event -15V -13V 67. Temperature Sensing TOP_TEMP_P can be used for external fault signals from e. g. over current protection circuit or over temperature protection circuit to place the gate driver into halt mode. Failure is detected when voltage gets over 1,5V. TOP_TEMP_P has to be connected with ground. Trip level Failure >1,5V No failure <1,5V Application Example for Temperature Sensor To realise temperature sensing a temperature dependent resistor can be connected to TOP_TEMP_P. Trip level is set at 430Ω. To adapt temperature range to customer’s temperature sensor following circuit can be used. SKYPER 52 R Adaption circuit for Temp Sensors +15V 15kΩ PTC 120kΩ @ 150°C TOP_TEMP_P Disabling of this function can be achieved by connection to Ground. 15kΩ + TOP_TEMP_N 1µF 1µF You can find an application example for NTC and PTC sensors. Adaption of Trip Level: Rtemp +15V 15kΩ 15kΩ TOP_TEMP_P TOP_TEMP_N + 1µF 1µF NTC 19 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 68. IntelliOFF An intelligent turn-off feature has been implemented in order to avoid critical voltage spikes at the IGBT pins during turn-off procedure. This feature can turn-off the IGBT in a shorter time without generating dangerous voltage spikes, if used appropriately. Following diagrams demonstrate gate capacitor discharging and time dependant voltage and current traces. Gate Turn-Off Current Gate Turn-Off Voltage and Current Diagrams VG(t) VG+ 0 VCC CGC VGE(t) Miller plateau VG+ VGE(pl) VGE(th) IGC Gate Driver Circuit t VG- RG IG 0 t VGIG(t) IGE 0 CGE discharging CGE and CGC t discharging CGC Voltage peak caused by stray inductances VCE(t) IC(t) VCC I0 VCEsat 0 t0 t1 t2 t3 t After initiating the turn-off procedure the driver switches gate voltage to -15V. The discharging procedure of the gatecollector capacitor CGC and gate-emitter capacitor CGE starts immediately and the gate current rises to its negative maximum (period t0). Because of the miller effect the V GE remains at higher level for a while. IntelliOFF functionality of SKYPER 52 shortens the time frame until end of t1 switching the ROFF resistor and RSOFTOFF resistor parallel to accelerate the discharging of CGE and CGC without having a significant effect on the level of VCE (period t0 and t1). During the period t2 SKYPER 52 switches back to RSOFTOFF resistor only and discharging continues without parallel connection of R OFF resistor to reduce the discharging speed. This avoids voltage spikes at IGBT pins because of the high response capability of VCE and IC to VGE decrease. After passing the critical time frame t2 SKYPER 52 again establishes the parallel connection of R OFF resistor and RSOFTOFF resistor to achieve the secure OFF state of the IGBT (period t3). The length of the time period will be determined by the RINTELLIOFF connected between SKYPER 52 pin and ground. 20 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R RON, ROFF, RSOFTOFF and RINTELLIOFF Connections User Side SKYPER 52 Resistor RINTELLIOFF Characteristics The resistor RINTELLIOFF connected to ground determines the time constant for connection of the regular ROFF resistor parallel to RSOFTOFF resistor. Possible values are: RON TOP_GATE_ON ROFF TOP_GATE_OFF RSOFTOFF TOP_GATE_SOFTOFF RINTELLITOFF TOP_INTELLIOFF RON BOT_GATE_ON Resistor RINTELLIOFF [Ω] 0 100 220 470 1000 2200 4700 10,000 ROFF BOT_GATE_OFF tIntelliOFF [μs] 2.33 2.00 1.67 1.33 0.67 0.67 0.33 no IntelliOff error RSOFTOFF BOT_GATE_SOFTOFF RINTELLITOFF BOT_INTELLIOFF For timings see diagram below RON, ROFF, RSOFTOFF and RINTELLIOFF Timings ON TOP_ON BOTTOM_ON OFF ON TOP_SOFTOFF BOTTOM_SOFTOFF OFF ON TOP_OFF BOTTOM_OFF OFF t IntelliOFF t IntelliOFF t 21 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 7. Driver Performance The driver is designed for application with half bridges or single modules and a maximum gate charge per pulse < 100µC. The charge necessary to switch the IGBT is mainly depending on the IGBT’s chip size, the DC-link voltage and the gate voltage. This correlation is shown in module datasheets. It should, however, be considered that the driver is turned on at +15V and turned off at -15V. Therefore, the gate voltage will change by 30V during each switching procedure. Unfortunately, many datasheets do not show negative gate voltages. In order to determine the required charge, the upper leg of the charge curve may be prolonged to +30V for determination of approximate charge per switch. The medium output current of the driver is determined by the switching frequency and the gate charge. The maximum switching frequency may be calculated with the shown equations and is limited by the average current of the driver power supply and the power dissipation of driver components. Calculation Switching Frequency Maximum Switching Frequency @ different Gate Charges @ Tamb=25°C 100 kHz fmax: Iout AV max QGE 80 kHz Maximum switching frequency * IoutAVmax: Maximum output average current QGE: Gate charge of the driven IGBT switching frequency fmax 60 kHz 40 kHz 20 kHz *@ Tamb=25°C 0 kHz 1 µC Calculation Average Output Current 10 µC gate charge 100 µC Total Average Output Current as a Function of the Ambient Temperature 350 mA 300 mA IoutAV: fsw Q GE Average output current fsw: Switching frequency QGE: Gate charge of the driven IGBT average output current Iout AV 250 mA 200 mA 150 mA 100 mA 50 mA 0 mA 0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 50 °C ambient temperature 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C 90 °C Please note: The average output current per output channel is 300mA. The maximum value of the switching frequency is limited to 100kHz due to switching reasons. Application hint: For futher design support, please read the Application Note AN-7004 "IGBT Driver Calculation". The application note is available on Driver Electronics product page at www.SEMIKRON.com. 22 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 71. Insulation Magnetic transformers are used for insulation between gate driver primary and secondary side. The transformer set consists of pulse transformers which are used for turn-on and turn-off signals of the IGBT and the signal feedback between secondary and primary side, and a DC/DC converter. This converter provides a potential separation (galvanic separation) and power supply for the two secondary (high and low) sides of the driver. Thus, external transformers for power supply are not required. Creepage and Clearance Distance in mm Secondary to secondary Min. 7,2 Primary to secondary Min. 18,0 72. Isolation Test Voltage The isolation test voltage represents a measure of immunity to transient voltages. The maximum test voltage and time applied once between input and output, and once between output 1 and output 2 are indicated in the absolute maximum ratings. The high-voltage isolation tests and repeated tests of an isolation barrier can degrade isolation capability due to partial discharge. Repeated isolation voltage tests should be performed with reduced voltage. The test voltage must be reduced by 20% for each repeated test. The isolation will be ensured by the isolation barrier (transformer) that is checked in the part. An isolation test is not performed as a series test. Therefore, the user can perform once the isolation test with voltage and time indicated in the absolute maximum ratings. 73. Environmental Conditions The driver board is type tested under the environmental conditions below. Conditions Values (max.) Thermal Cycling - 100 cycle, Tstg(max) - Tstg(min), without operation - Tested acc. IEC 60068-2-14 Test Na Vibration Shock Temperature humidity Fast transients (Burst) Electrostatic discharge (ESD) Radio Frequency Fields RF Conducted Disturbance 23 Sinusoidal sweep 20Hz … 500Hz, 5g, 26 sweeps per axis (x, y, z) - Tested acc. IEC 68-2-6 - Connection between driver core and printed circuit board mechanical reinforced by using support posts. Half-sinusoidal pulse 15g, shock width 18ms, 3 shocks in each direction (±x, ±y, ±z), 18 shocks in total - Tested acc. IEC 68-2-27 - Connection between driver core and printed circuit board mechanical reinforced by using support posts. - 40/085/56 (+40°C, 85% RH, 56h) - Tested acc. IEC 60068-1 (climate) - Climate class 3K3 - Power terminals: 4kV / 5kHz - Control terminals: 4kV / 5kHz - Tested acc. EN 61000-4-4 - Contact discharge: 6kV - Air discharge: 8kV - Tested acc. EN 61000-4-2 - Electrical field: 7,5V/m - Polarisation: vertical + horizontal - Frequency: 80 MHz - 1000 MHz - Modulation: 80% AM, 1kHz - Tested acc. EN 61000-4-3 - Voltage: 10V EMF - Frequency: 150 kHz - 80 MHz - Modulation: 80 % AM, 1kHz - Tested acc. EN 61000-4-6 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON SKYPER® 52 R 8. Marking Every driver board is marked. The marking contains the following items. Part marking information 2D data matrix code Type: EEC 200 Standard: ICO / IEC 16022 Cell size: 0.254 – 0.3 mm Dimension: 5 x 5 mm Data in plain text XXXXXXXX 8 digits part number (e.g. L5022001) YY 2 digits version number (e. g. NF) ZZZZ 4 digits date code (e.g. 0440 = year + week) VVVV 4 digits continuous lot number U 1 digit country code TTTTT 5 digits account number (e.g. 54229) 9. Status Definition Data Sheet Status Product Status Definition Target Formative or in design The data sheet and technical explanations contain advanced information or the design specifications for product development. Specifications may change in any manner without notice. Preliminary First production The data sheet and technical explanations contain preliminary data, and supplementary data might be published at a later date. SEMIKRON reserves the rights to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design. No identification Full production The data sheet and technical explanations contain final specification. SEMIKRON reserves the rights to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design. DISCLAIMER SEMIKRON reserves the right to make changes without further notice herein to improve reliability, function or design. Information furnished in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed with respect to the accuracy or use of such information. SEMIKRON does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein. Furthermore, this technical information may not be considered as an assurance of component characteristics. No warranty or guarantee expressed or implied is made regarding delivery, performance or suitability. This document is not exhaustive and supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied and may be superseded by updates without further notice. SEMIKRON products are not authorized for use in life support appliances and systems without the express written approval by SEMIKRON. www.SEMIKRON.com 24 2011-02-24 – Rev07 © by SEMIKRON