SM73303 SM73303 5 MHz, Low Noise, RRO, Dual Operational Amplifier with CMOS Input Literature Number: SNOSB94A SM73303 5 MHz, Low Noise, RRO, Dual Operational Amplifier with CMOS Input General Description Features The SM73303 is a dual operational amplifier with both low supply voltage and low supply current, making it ideal for portable applications. The SM73303 CMOS input stage drives the IBIAS current down to 0.6 pA; this coupled with the makes the SM73303 perfect low noise voltage of 12.8 nV/ for applications requiring active filters, transimpedance amplifiers, and HDD vibration cancellation circuitry. Along with great noise sensitivity, small signal applications will benefit from the large gain bandwidth of 5 MHz coupled with the minimal supply current of 1.6 mA and a slew rate of 5.8 V/μs. The SM73303 provides rail-to-rail output swing into heavy loads. The input common-mode voltage range includes ground, which is ideal for ground sensing applications. The SM73303 has a supply voltage spanning 2.7V to 5V and is offered in an 8-pin MSOP package that functions across the wide temperature range of −40°C to 85°C. This small package makes it possible to place the SM73303 next to sensors, thus reducing external noise pickup. (Typical values, V+ = 3.3V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise specified) 12.8 nV/ ■ Input noise voltage 0.6 pA ■ Input bias current 1.6 mV ■ Offset voltage 80 dB ■ CMRR 122 dB ■ Open loop gain ■ Rail-to-rail output 5 MHz ■ GBW 5.8 V/µs ■ Slew rate 1.6 mA ■ Supply current 2.7V to 5V ■ Supply voltage range −40°C to 85°C ■ Operating temperature ■ 8-pin MSOP package Applications ■ ■ ■ ■ Active filters Transimpedance amplifiers Audio preamp HDD vibration cancellation circuitry Typical Application Circuit 30157839 High Gain Band Pass Filter © 2011 National Semiconductor Corporation 301578 www.national.com SM73303 5 MHz, Low Noise, RRO, Dual Operational Amplifier with CMOS Input July 5, 2011 SM73303 Junction Temperature (Note 3) Mounting Temperature Infrared or Convection (20 sec) Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. ESD Tolerance (Note 2) Human Body Model Machine Model Supply Voltage (V+ – V−) Storage Temperature Range Operating Ratings 260°C (Note 1) Supply Voltage Temperature Range 2000V 200V 5.5V −65°C to 150°C 150°C max 2.7V to 5V −40°C to 85°C Thermal Resistance (θJA) 8-Pin MSOP 195°C/W 3.3V Electrical Characteristics (Note 4) Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TJ = 25°C, V+ = 3.3V, V− = 0V. VCM = V+/2. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes (Note 5). Symbol Parameter Condition Min (Note 6) Typ (Note 7) Max (Note 6) Units VOS Input Offset Voltage VCM = 1V 1.6 5 6 mV IB Input Bias Current (Note 8) 0.6 115 130 pA IOS Input Offset Current CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio 0 ≤ VCM ≤ 2.1V PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio 2.7V ≤ V+ ≤ 5V, VCM = 1V CMVR Common Mode Voltage Range For CMRR ≥ 50 dB −0.2 AVOL Open Loop Voltage Gain Sourcing RL = 10 kΩ to V+/2, VO = 1.65V to 2.9V 80 76 122 Sinking RL = 10 kΩ to V+/2, VO = 0.4V to 1.65V 80 76 122 Sourcing RL = 600Ω to V+/2, VO = 1.65V to 2.8V 80 76 105 Sinking RL = 600Ω to V+/2, VO = 0.5V to 1.65V 80 76 112 RL = 10 kΩ to V+/2 3.22 3.17 3.29 RL = 600Ω to V+/2 3.12 3.07 3.22 VO Output Swing High Output Swing Low IOUT Output Current 1 pA 60 50 80 dB 70 60 82 dB 2.2 dB RL = 10 kΩ to V+/2 0.03 0.12 0.16 RL = 600Ω to V+/2 0.07 0.23 0.27 Sourcing, VO = 0V 20 15 31 Sinking, VO = 3.3V 30 25 41 V V mA IS Supply Current VCM = 1V 1.6 SR Slew Rate (Note 9) 5.8 V/µs GBW Gain Bandwidth 5 MHz www.national.com 2 2.0 3 mA Parameter Min (Note 6) Condition Typ (Note 7) Max (Note 6) Units en Input-Referred Voltage Noise f = 1 kHz 12.8 nV/ in Input-Referred Current Noise f = 1 kHz 0.01 pA/ Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but specific performance is not guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2: Human Body Model is 1.5 kΩ in series with 100 pF. Machine Model is 0Ω in series with 100 pF. Note 3: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(MAX), θJA and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(MAX)-TA)/θJA. All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC board. Note 4: Electrical Table values apply only for factory testing conditions at the temperature indicated. Factor testing conditions result in very limited self-heating of the device such that TJ = TA. No guarantee of parametric performance is indicated in the electrical tables under conditions of internal self-heating where TJ > TA. Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate junction temperature limits beyond which the device maybe permanently degraded, either mechanically or electrically. Note 5: Boldface limits apply to temperature range of −40°C to 85°C. Note 6: All limits are guaranteed by testing or statistical analysis. Note 7: Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm. Note 8: Input bias current is guaranteed by design. Note 9: Number specified is the lower of the positive and negative slew rates. Connection Diagram 8-Pin MSOP 30157840 Top View Ordering Information Package Part Number Package Marking SM73303MM 8-Pin MSOP SM73303MME Transport Media NSC Drawing 1k Units Tape and Reel S303 250 Units Tape and Reel SM73303MMX MUA08A 3.5k Units Tape and Reel 3 www.national.com SM73303 Symbol SM73303 Simplified Schematic 30157829 www.national.com 4 SM73303 Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, V+ 3.3V, TJ = 25°C. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage Offset Voltage vs. Common Mode 30157806 30157805 Input Bias Current vs. Common Mode Input Bias Current vs. Common Mode 30157827 30157826 Input Bias Current vs. Common Mode Output Positive Swing vs. Supply Voltage 30157885 30157825 5 www.national.com SM73303 Output Negative Swing vs. Supply Voltage Output Positive Swing vs. Supply Voltage 30157802 30157801 Output Negative Swing vs. Supply Voltage Sinking Current vs. VOUT 30157884 30157803 Sourcing Current vs. VOUT PSRR vs. Frequency 30157804 www.national.com 30157831 6 SM73303 CMRR vs. Frequency Crosstalk Rejection 30157836 30157837 Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response 30157835 30157833 Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response 30157834 30157832 7 www.national.com SM73303 Open Loop Frequency vs. RL Open Loop Frequency Response over Temperature 30157821 30157822 Open Loop Frequency Response vs. CL Open Loop Frequency Response vs. CL 30157823 30157828 Voltage Noise vs. Frequency 30157824 www.national.com 8 With the low supply current of only 1.6 mA, the SM73303 offers users the ability to maximize battery life. This makes the SM73303 ideal for battery powered systems. The SM73303’s rail-to-rail output swing provides the maximum possible dynamic range at the output. This is particularly important when operating on low supply voltages. CAPACITIVE LOAD TOLERANCE The SM73303, when in a unity-gain configuration, can directly drive large capacitive loads in unity-gain without oscillation. The unity-gain follower is the most sensitive configuration to capacitive loading; direct capacitive loading reduces the phase margin of amplifiers. The combination of the amplifier’s output impedance and the capacitive load induces phase lag. This results in either an underdamped pulse response or oscillation. To drive a heavier capacitive load, the circuit in Figure 1 can be used. 30157809 FIGURE 2. Indirectly Driving a Capacitive Load with DC Accuracy DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER The difference amplifier allows the subtraction of two voltages or, as a special case, the cancellation of a signal common to two inputs. It is useful as a computational amplifier in making a differential to single-ended conversion or in rejecting a common mode signal. 30157807 FIGURE 1. Indirectly Driving a Capacitive Load using Resistive Isolation In Figure 1, the isolation resistor RISO and the load capacitor CL form a pole to increase stability by adding more phase margin to the overall system. The desired performance depends on the value of RISO. The bigger the RISO resistor value, the more stable VOUT will be. The circuit in Figure 2 is an improvement to the one in Figure 1 because it provides DC accuracy as well as AC stability. If there were a load resistor in Figure 1, the output would be voltage divided by RISO and the load resistor. Instead, in Figure 2, RF provides the DC accuracy by using feed-forward techniques to connect VIN to RL. Due to the input bias current of the SM73303, the designer must be cautious when choosing the value of RF. CF and RISO serve to counteract the loss of phase margin by feeding the high frequency component of the output signal back to the amplifier’s inverting input, there- 30157810 FIGURE 3. Difference Amplifier 9 www.national.com SM73303 by preserving phase margin in the overall feedback loop. Increased capacitive drive is possible by increasing the value of CF. This in turn will slow down the pulse response. Application Information SM73303 SINGLE-SUPPLY INVERTING AMPLIFIER There may be cases where the input signal going into the amplifier is negative. Because the amplifier is operating in single supply voltage, a voltage divider using R3 and R4 is implemented to bias the amplifier so the inverting input signal is within the input common voltage range of the amplifier. The capacitor C1 is placed between the inverting input and resistor R1 to block the DC signal going into the AC signal source, VIN. The values of R1 and C1 affect the cutoff frequency, fc = ½π R1C1. As a result, the output signal is centered around mid-supply (if the voltage divider provides V+/2 at the noninverting input). The output can swing to both rails, maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio in a low voltage system. FIGURE 4. Single-supply Inverting Amplifier INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER Measurement of very small signals with an amplifier requires close attention to the input impedance of the amplifier, the overall signal gain from both inputs to the output, as well as, the gain from each input to the output. This is because we are only interested in the difference of the two inputs and the common signal is considered noise. A classic solution is an instrumentation amplifier. Instrumentation amplifiers have a finite, accurate, and stable gain. Also they have extremely high input impedances and very low output impedances. Finally they have an extremely high CMRR so that the amplifier can only respond to the differential signal. Three-Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier A typical instrumentation amplifier is shown in Figure 5. 30157815 30157842 FIGURE 5. Three-Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier By Ohm’s Law: There are two stages in this configuration. The last stage, the output stage, is a differential amplifier. In an ideal case the two amplifiers of the first stage, the input stage, would be set up as buffers to isolate the inputs. However they cannot be connected as followers due to the mismatch of real amplifiers. The circuit in Figure 5 utilizes a balancing resistor between the two amplifiers to compensate for this mismatch. The product of the two stages of gain will be the gain of the instrumentation amplifier circuit. Ideally, the CMRR should be infinite. However the output stage has a small non-zero common mode gain which results from resistor mismatch. In the input stage of the circuit, current is the same across all resistors. This is due to the high input impedance and low input bias current of the SM73303. With the node equations we have: (2) However: (3) So we have: (4) (1) www.national.com 10 SM73303 Now looking at the output of the instrumentation amplifier: Low Pass Filter The following shows a very simple low pass filter. (5) Substituting from Equation 4: (6) This shows the gain of the instrumentation amplifier to be: −K(2a+1) Typical values for this circuit can be obtained by setting: a = 12 and K = 4. This results in an overall gain of −100. Three SM73303 amplifiers are used along with 1% resistors to minimize resistor mismatch. Resistors used to build the circuit are: R1 = 21.6 kΩ, R11 = 1.8 kΩ, R2 = 2.5 kΩ with K = 40 and a = 12. This results in an overall gain of −K(2a+1) = −1000. 30157853 FIGURE 7. Low Pass Filter The transfer function can be expressed as follows: By KCL: Two-Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier A two-op-amp instrumentation amplifier can also be used to make a high-input impedance DC differential amplifier Figure 6). As in the three op amp circuit, this instrumentation amplifier requires precise resistor matching for good CMRR. R4 should be equal to R1, and R3 should equal R2. (7) Simplifying this further results in: (8) or (9) Now, substituting ω=2πf, so that the calculations are in f(Hz) rather than in ω(rad/s), and setting the DC gain and 30157813 (10) FIGURE 6. Two-Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier set: ACTIVE FILTERS Active filters are circuits with amplifiers, resistors, and capacitors. The use of amplifiers instead of inductors, which are used in passive filters, enhances the circuit performance while reducing the size and complexity of the filter. The simplest active filters are designed using an inverting op amp configuration where at least one reactive element has been added to the configuration. This means that the op amp will provide "frequency-dependent" amplification, since reactive elements are frequency dependent devices. (11) Low pass filters are known as lossy integrators because they only behave as integrators at higher frequencies. The general form of the bode plot can be predicted just by looking at the transfer function. When the f/fO ratio is small, the capacitor is, in effect, an open circuit and the amplifier behaves at a set DC gain. Starting at fO, which is the −3 dB corner, the capacitor will have the dominant impedance and hence the circuit will behave as an integrator and the signal will be attenuated and eventually cut. The bode plot for this filter is shown in Figure 8. 11 www.national.com SM73303 Looking at the transfer function, it is clear that when f/fO is small, the capacitor is open and therefore, no signal is getting to the amplifier. As the frequency increases the amplifier starts operating. At f = fO the capacitor behaves like a short circuit and the amplifier will have a constant, high frequency gain of HO. Figure 10 shows the transfer function of this high pass filter. 30157859 FIGURE 8. Low Pass Filter Transfer Function High Pass Filter The transfer function of a high pass filter can be derived in much the same way as the previous example. A typical first order high pass filter is shown below: 30157864 FIGURE 10. High Pass Filter Transfer Function Band Pass Filter Combining a low pass filter and a high pass filter will generate a band pass filter. Figure 11 offers an example of this type of circuit. 30157860 FIGURE 9. High Pass Filter Writing the KCL for this circuit : (V1 denotes the voltage between C and R1) (12) 30157866 FIGURE 11. Band Pass Filter (13) In this network the input impedance forms the high pass filter while the feedback impedance forms the low pass filter. If the designer chooses the corner frequencies so that f1 < f2, then all the frequencies between, f1 ≤ f ≤ f2, will pass through the filter while frequencies below f1 and above f2 will be cut off. The transfer function can be easily calculated using the same methodology as before and is shown in Figure 12. Solving these two equations to find the transfer function and using: (high frequency gain) and (15) Which gives: (14) www.national.com 12 (16) 30157870 30157868 FIGURE 12. Band Pass Filter Transfer Function STATE VARIABLE ACTIVE FILTER State variable active filters are circuits that can simultaneously represent high pass, band pass, and low pass filters. The state variable active filter uses three separate amplifiers to achieve this task. A typical state variable active filter is shown in Figure 13. The first amplifier in the circuit is connected as a gain stage. The second and third amplifiers are connected as integrators, which means they behave as low pass filters. The feedback path from the output of the third amplifier to the first amplifier enables this low frequency signal to be fed back with a finite and fairly low closed loop gain. This is while the high frequency signal on the input is still gained up by the open loop gain of the first amplifier. This makes the first amplifier a high pass filter. The high pass signal is then fed into a low pass filter. The outcome is a band pass signal, meaning the second amplifier is a band pass filter. This signal is then fed into the third amplifiers input and so, the third amplifier behaves as a simple low pass filter. 30157871 For A1 the relationship between input and output is: (17) This relationship depends on the output of all the filters. The input-output relationship for A2 can be expressed as: (18) And finally this relationship for A3 is as follows: (19) Re-arranging these equations, one can find the relationship between VO and VIN (transfer function of the low pass filter), VO1 and VIN (transfer function of the high pass filter), and VO2 and VIN (transfer function of the band pass filter) These relationships are as follows: 30157869 FIGURE 13. State Variable Active Filter 13 www.national.com SM73303 The transfer function of each filter needs to be calculated. The derivations will be more trivial if each stage of the filter is shown on its own. The three components are: Where SM73303 Designing a band pass filter with a center frequency of 10 kHz and Quality Factor of 5.5 To do this, first consider the Quality Factor. It is best to pick convenient values for the capacitors. C2 = C3 = 1000 pF. Also, choose R1 = R4 = 30 kΩ. Now values of R5 and R6 need to be calculated. With the chosen values for the capacitors and resistors, Q reduces to: Low Pass Filter (20) High Pass Filter (24) or R5 = 10R6 R6 = 1.5 kΩ R5 = 15 kΩ (21) Band Pass Filter (25) Also, for f = 10 kHz, the center frequency is ωc = 2πf = 62.8 kHz. Using the expressions above, the appropriate resistor values will be R2 = R3 = 16 kΩ. The DC gain of this circuit is: (22) The center frequency and Quality Factor for all of these filters is the same. The values can be calculated in the following manner: (26) (23) www.national.com 14 SM73303 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 8-Pin MSOP NS Package Number MUA08A 15 www.national.com SM73303 5 MHz, Low Noise, RRO, Dual Operational Amplifier with CMOS Input Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: www.national.com Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH® Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage References www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy www.national.com/powerwise Applications & Markets www.national.com/solutions Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero PowerWise® Solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagic™ www.national.com/solarmagic PLL/VCO www.national.com/wireless www.national.com/training PowerWise® Design University THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. 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