MIC45116-1/2 20V/6A DC/DC Power Module General Description Features Micrel’s MIC45116 is a synchronous step-down regulator module, featuring a unique adaptive ON-time control architecture. The module incorporates a DC/DC controller, power MOSFETs, bootstrap diode, bootstrap capacitor, and an inductor in a single package; simplifying the design and layout process for the end user. • • • • • • This highly integrated solution expedites system design and improves product time-to-market. The internal MOSFETs and inductor are optimized to achieve high efficiency at a low output voltage. The fully optimized design can deliver up to 6A current under a wide input voltage range of 4.75V to 20V without requiring additional cooling. The MIC45116-1 uses Micrel’s HyperLight Load® (HLL) which maintains high efficiency under light load conditions by transitioning to variable frequency, discontinuous-mode operation. The MIC45116-2 uses Micrel’s Hyper Speed Control® architecture which enables ultra-fast load transient response, allowing for a reduction of output capacitance. The MIC45116 offers 1% output accuracy that can be adjusted from 0.8V to 85% of the input (PVIN) with two external resistors. Additional features include thermal-shutdown protection, adjustable current limit, and short-circuit protection. The MIC45116 allows for safe start-up into a pre-biased output. • • • • • • • Up to 6A output current >93% peak efficiency Output voltage: 0.8V to 85% of input with ±1% accuracy Fixed 600kHz switching frequency Enable input and open-drain power good output Hyper Speed Control (MIC45116-2) architecture enables fast transient response HyperLight Load (MIC45116-1) improves light load efficiency Supports safe start-up into pre-biased output –40°C to +125°C junction temperature range Thermal-shutdown protection Short-circuit protection with hiccup mode Adjustable current limit Available in 52-pin 8mm × 8mm × 3mm QFN package Applications • • • • High power density point-of-load conversion Servers, routers, Networking, and base stations FPGAs, DSP, and low-voltage ASIC power supplies Industrial and medical equipment Datasheets and support documentation are available on Micrel’s web site at: www.micrel.com. Typical Application Efficiency vs. Output Current (VIN = 12V) MIC45116-1 100 5.0V 3.3V 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V 1.2V 1.0V 0.8V 90 EFFICIENCY (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Fsw = 600kHz 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Hyper Speed Control and HyperLight Load are registered trademarks of Micrel, Inc. Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com June 10, 2015 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Ordering Information Switching Frequency Features Junction Temperature Range Package Lead Finish MIC45116-1YMP 600kHz HyperLight Load –40°C to +125°C 52-pin 8mm × 8mm × 3mm QFN Pb-Free MIC45116-2YMP 600kHz Hyper Speed Control –40°C to +125°C 52-pin 8mm × 8mm × 3mm QFN Pb-Free Part Number Pin Configuration 52-Pin 8mm × 8mm × 3mm QFN (Top View) June 10, 2015 2 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Pin Description Pin Number Pin Name 1, 2, 52 PVIN Power Input Voltage. Connection to the drain of the internal high side power MOSFET. Connect an input capacitor from PVIN to PGND. 4, 44 PVDD Supply input for the internal power MOSFET drivers. Connect PVDD pins together. Do not leave floating. 5, 6 BST Connection to the internal bootstrap circuitry and high-side power MOSFET drive circuitry. Connect the two BST pins together. 8-10, 48-51 SW The SW pin connects directly to the switch node. Due to the high-speed switching on this pin, the SW pin should be routed away from sensitive nodes. The SW pin also senses the current by monitoring the voltage across the low-side MOSFET during OFF time. 12 - 21 VOUT 23-25, 27- 30, 32-34, 40, 41 NC 26, 31, 35, 42, 45 PGND 36 FB Feedback. Input to the transconductance amplifier of the control loop. The FB pin is referenced to 0.8V. A resistor divider connecting the feedback to the output is used to set the desired output voltage. Connect the bottom resistor from FB to system ground. External ripple injection (series R and C) can be connected between FB and SW. 37 PG Power Good. Open-Drain Output. If used, connect to an external pull-up resistor of at least 10kΩ between PG and the external bias voltage. 38 EN Enable. A logic signal to enable or disable the step-down regulator module operation. The EN pin is TTL/CMOS compatible. Logic-high = enable, logic-low = disable or shutdown. EN pin has an internal 1MΩ (typical) pull-down resistor to GND. Do not leave floating. 39 VIN Input for the internal linear regulator. Allows for split supplies to be used when there is an external bus voltage available. Connect to PVIN for single supply operation. Bypass with a 0.1µF capacitor from VIN to PGND. 43 5VDD 47 ILIM 3, 7, 11, 22, 46 KEEPOUT – VOUT ePAD – SW ePAD SW Exposed Pad. Internally connected to SW pins. Please see PCB Layout Recommendations section. – PGND ePAD PGND Exposed Pads. Please see PCB Layout Recommendations section for the connection to the system Ground. June 10, 2015 Pin Function Output Voltage. Connected to the internal inductor, the output capacitor should be connected from this pin to PGND as close to the module as possible. Not internally connected. Power Ground. PGND is the return path for the step-down power module power stage. The PGND pin connects to the source of internal low-side power MOSFET, the negative terminals of input capacitors, and the negative terminals of output capacitors. Signal Ground and Power Ground of MIC45116 are internally connected. Internal +5V Linear Regulator Output. Powered by VIN, 5VDD is the internal supply bus for the device. In the applications with VIN<+5.5V, 5VDD should be tied to VIN to by-pass the linear regulator. Current Limit. Connect a resistor between ILIM and SW to program the current limit. Depopulated pin positions. VOUT Exposed Pad. Internally connected to VOUT pins. Please see PCB Layout Recommendations section. 3 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Operating Ratings(2) Supply Voltage (VPVIN, VVIN) ............................ 4.75V to 20V Output Current ................................................................. 6A Enable Input (VEN) .................................................. 0V to VIN Power Good (VPG) ............................................. 0V to 5VDD Junction Temperature (TJ) ........................ –40°C to +125°C Junction Thermal Resistance(3) 8mm × 8mm × 3mm QFN-52 (θJA) .......................... 22°C/W 8mm × 8mm × 3mm QFN-52 (θJC) ......................... 5.0°C/W Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) VPVIN, VVIN to PGND ....................................... –0.3V to +30V VPVDD, V5VDD to PGND ..................................... –0.3V to +6V VSW, VILIM, VEN to PGND ....................... –0.3V to (VIN +0.3V) VBST to VSW ........................................................ –0.3V to 6V VBST to PGND .................................................. –0.3V to 36V VPG to PGND .................................. –0.3V to (5VDD + 0.3V) VFB to PGND................................... –0.3V to (5VDD + 0.3V) PGND to GND .............................................. –0.3V to +0.3V Junction Temperature .............................................. +150°C Storage Temperature (TS) ......................... –65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ............................ 260°C ESD Rating(4) ................................................. ESD Sensitive Electrical Characteristics(5) VIN = VEN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, VBST − VSW = 5V, TJ = +25ºC. Bold values indicate −40ºC < TJ < +125ºC, unless otherwise noted. Parameter Condition Min. Typ. Max. Units 20 V 0.75 mA Power Supply Input Input Voltage Range (VPVIN, VIN) 4.75 Quiescent Supply Current (MIC45116-1) VFB = 1.5V 0.35 Quiescent Supply Current (MIC45116-2) VFB = 1.5V 1.03 mA Operating Current VPVIN = VIN = 12V, VOUT = 1.8V, IOUT = 0A (MIC45116-2) 29.4 mA Shutdown Supply Current VEN = 0V 5.3 10 µA 5VDD Output 5VDD Output Voltage VIN = 7V to 20V, I5VDD = 10mA 4.8 5.2 5.4 V 5VDD UVLO Threshold V5VDD rising 3.8 4.2 4.6 V 5VDD UVLO Hysteresis V5VDD falling 5VDD Load Regulation I5VDD = 0 to 40mA 400 mV 0.6 2 3.6 % Reference Feedback Reference Voltage TJ = 25°C 0.792 0.8 0.808 −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 0.784 0.8 0.816 FB Bias Current VFB = 0.8V 5 500 V nA Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside operating range. 3. θJA and θJC were measured using the MIC45116 evaluation board. 4. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. 5. Specification for packaged product only. June 10, 2015 4 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Electrical Characteristics(5) (Continued) VIN = VEN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, VBST − VSW = 5V, TJ = +25ºC. Bold values indicate −40ºC < TJ < +125ºC, unless otherwise noted. Parameter Condition Min. Typ. Max. Units Enable Control 1.8 EN Logic Level High V 0.6 EN Logic Level Low EN Hysteresis EN Bias Current 200 VEN = 12V V mV 5 10 µA 600 750 kHz Oscillator Switching Frequency 400 IOUT = 2A Maximum Duty Cycle Minimum Duty Cycle VFB = 1V Minimum Off-Time 140 85 % 0 % 250 350 ns Soft-Start Soft-Start Time FB from 0V to 0.8V 3.3 ms Short-Circuit Protection Current-Limit Threshold VFB = 0.79V −30 −14 0 mV Short-Circuit Threshold VFB = 0V −23 −7 9 mV Current-Limit Source Current VFB = 0.79V 60 80 100 µA Short-Circuit Source Current VFB = 0V 25 35 45 µA PG Threshold Voltage Sweep VFB from Low-to-High 85 88 95 % VFB PG Hysteresis Sweep VFB from High-to-Low 6 % VFB PG Delay Time Sweep VFB from Low-to-High 80 µs PG Low Voltage VFB < 90% × VNOM, IPG = 1mA 60 TJ Rising 160 °C 15 °C Power Good (PG) 200 mV Thermal Protection Overtemperature Shutdown Overtemperature Shutdown Hysteresis June 10, 2015 5 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Typical Characteristics 10.0 30 0.48 0.36 0.24 0.12 VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 0A 0.00 VIN =12V VEN = 0V IOUT = 0A 25 20 15 10 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 6.0 4.0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 -50 125 0.80 VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 0A 0.76 0 25 50 75 100 630 600 570 -25 VDD UVLO Threshold vs. Temperature 0 25 50 75 100 Falling 3.0 2.0 Hyst 0.0 -25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) June 10, 2015 4 VIN =12V VOUT = 1.8V RLIM = 1.37kΩ 0 125 -50 -25 100 125 25 50 75 100 125 EN Bias Current vs. Temperature 10.0 1.60 Rising 1.20 Falling 0.80 0.40 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) EN BIAS CURRENT (µA) ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) 4.0 -50 6 2 2.00 1.0 8 Enable Threshold vs. Temperature Rising 125 10 TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) 5.0 100 12 VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 2A 540 -50 125 75 14 660 510 0.74 50 16 CURRENT LIMIT (A) SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) 0.82 25 Output Current Limit vs. Temperature 690 0.84 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) Switching Frequency vs. Temperature 0.86 -25 -25 TEMPERATURE (°C) Feedback Voltage vs. Temperature -50 VIN = 12V IOUT = 0A 0.0 -50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0.78 8.0 2.0 5 0 -50 FEEBACK VOLTAGE (V) VDD VOLTAGE (V) SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 0.60 VDD THRESHOLD (V) VDD Voltage vs. Temperature VIN Shutdown Current vs. Temperature VIN Operating Supply Current vs. Temperature (MIC45116-1) VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.8V 8.0 6.0 4.0 VIN = 12V 2.0 VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 0A 0.0 0.00 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 6 100 125 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Typical Characteristics (Continued) Load Regulation vs. Temperature (MIC45116-1) Output Voltage vs. Temperature (MIC45116-1) 1.84 1.82 1.80 1.78 VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 0A 1.76 3.0% 2.0% 2.5% 1.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 0A to 6A 0.5% 1.74 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 -25 0 50 100 75 125 -50 50 40 Room Temperature No Air Flow 70 40 10 4 5 6 7 Room Temperature No Air Flow 30 20 2 3 4 5 6 7 40 Room Temperature No Air Flow 70 3 4 5 6 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) June 10, 2015 7 8 3 4 5 6 7 8 5.0VOUT 3.3VOUT 2.5VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 1.0VOUT 0.8VOUT 90 80 50 40 Room Temperature No Air Flow 70 60 50 40 Room Temperature No Air Flow 30 20 10 10 10 2 Efficiency (VIN = 18V) vs. Output Current (MIC45116-2) 60 30 20 2 1 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 20 1 Room Temperature No Air Flow 0 EFFICIENCY (%) 50 0 40 100 80 60 30 50 8 5.0VOUT 3.3VOUT 2.5VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 1.0VOUT 0.8VOUT 90 EFFICIENCY (%) 70 60 30 100 80 70 Efficiency (VIN = 12V) vs. Output Current (MIC45116-2) 3.3V 3.3VOUT out 2.5V 2.5VOUT out 1.8V 1.8VOUT out 1.5V 1.5VOUT out 1.2V 1.2VOUT out 1.0V 1.0VOUT out 0.8V 0.8VOUT out 90 5.0VOUT 3.3VOUT 2.5VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 1.0VOUT 0.8VOUT OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 100 125 10 1 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Efficiency (VIN =5V) vs. Output Current (MIC4516-2) 100 20 0 8 75 80 50 10 50 90 60 20 25 100 5.0VOUT 3.3VOUT 2.5VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 1.0VOUT 0.8VOUT 80 60 0 Efficiency (VIN = 18V) vs. Output Current EFFICIENCY (%) 70 3 -25 TEMPERATURE (°C) 90 EFFICIENCY (%) 80 EFFICIENCY (%) 25 100 3.3VOUT 3.3V 2.5VOUT 2.5V 1.8VOUT 1.8V 1.5VOUT 1.5V 1.2VOUT 1.2V 1.0VOUT 1.0V 0.8VOUT 0.8V 90 2 VIN = 5V to 20V VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 2A Efficiency (VIN = 12V) vs. Output Current (MIC45116-1) 100 1 0.0% TEMPERATURE (°C) Efficiency (VIN = 5V) vs. Output Current (MIC45116-1) 0 0.5% -1.0% -50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 30 1.0% -0.5% 0.0% -50 EFFICIENCY (%) LINE REGULATION (%) LOAD REGULATION (%) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.86 Line Regulation vs. Temperature (MIC45116-1) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 7 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Typical Characteristics (Continued) Power Dissipation (VIN =12V) vs. Output Current (MIC45116-1) Power Dissipation (VIN =5V) vs. Output Current (MIC45116-1) 3.0 3.3VOUT 2.5VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 1.0VOUT 0.8VOUT 1.6 1.4 2.4 1.2 1 0.8 Room Temperature No Air Flow 0.6 0.4 2.1 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.3 0 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Room Temperature No Air Flow 0.6 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 0.8 Room Temperature No Air Flow 2.1 1.8 0.9 0.3 0.0 3 4 5 6 7 Room Temperature No Air Flow 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.2% 0.0% -0.2% -0.4% VIN = 5V to 20V VOUT = 1.8V 2 3 4 5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 1.5 1.2 Room Temperature No Air Flow 0.9 0 1 2 1.84 1.82 1.80 1.78 1.76 6 3 4 5 6 7 8 Switching Frequency vs. Output Current (MIC45116-1) VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.8V 1.72 1 1.8 700 1.74 -1.0% 0 2.1 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 1.86 -0.8% 2.4 8 1.88 -0.6% 2.7 Output Voltage vs. Output Current (MIC45116-1) 0.4% 8 0.0 Line Regulation vs. Output Current (MIC45116-1) 0.6% 7 5.0VOUT 3.3VOUT 2.5VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 1.0VOUT 0.8VOUT OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 0.8% 6 0.3 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 1.0% 5 0.6 0 8 4 3.0 1.2 0 3 3.3 1.5 0.2 2 2 3.6 5.0VOUT 3.3VOUT 2.5VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 1.0VOUT 0.8VOUT 0.6 0.4 1 1 Power Dissipation (VIN =18V) vs. Output Current (MIC45116-2) POWER LOSS (W) 1.2 0 Room Temperature No Air Flow 0.9 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 2.4 1.4 0.6 1.2 8 7 2.7 POWER LOSS (W) POWER LOSS (W) 1.6 1.5 0.0 1 3.0 1.8 1.8 Power Dissipation (VIN =12V) vs. Output Current (MIC45116-2) 3.3VOUT 2.5VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 1.0VOUT 0.8VOUT 2 2.1 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Power Dissipation (VIN = 5V) vs. Output Current (MIC45116-2) 2.2 2.4 0.3 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 2.4 2.7 0.6 0 8 5.0VOUT 3.3VOUT 2.5VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 1.0VOUT 0.8VOUT 3.0 1.5 0.2 0 3.3 SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) POWER LOSS (W) 1.8 3.6 5.0VOUT 3.3VOUT 2.5VOUT 1.8VOUT 1.5VOUT 1.2VOUT 1.0VOUT 0.8VOUT 2.7 POWER LOSS (W) 2 POWER LOSS (W) 2.2 LINE REGULATION (%) Power Dissipation (VIN =18V) vs. Output Current (MIC45116-1) 0 1 2 3 4 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 5 6 600 500 400 300 200 VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.8V 100 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Typical Characteristics (Continued) June 10, 2015 8 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Line Regulation vs. Output Current (MIC45116-2) 1.0% Output Voltage vs. Output Current (MIC45116-2) 0.8% 720 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% -0.2% -0.4% -0.6% VIN = 5V to 20V VOUT = 1.8V -0.8% 1.84 1.82 1.80 1.78 1.76 1 2 3 4 5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.8V 1.74 -1.0% 0 SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) 1.86 0.6% OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) LINE REGULATION (%) Switching Frequency vs. Output Current (MIC45116-2) 1.88 1.72 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 0.82 0.80 0.78 VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 0A 0.74 1.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1.0% 0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 0A to 6A 2 3 4 5 6 Switching Frequency vs. Input Voltage (MIC45116-1) 5 8 Feedback Voltage vs. Input Voltage (MIC45116-2) 11 14 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 17 700 650 600 550 VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 2A 500 450 400 -0.4% 20 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5 20 8 11 14 17 20 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Switching Frequency vs. Input Voltage (MIC45116-2) Output Regulation vs. Input Voltage (MIC45116-2) 0.86 0.82 0.80 0.78 VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 0A 0.76 0.74 SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) 690 0.84 TOTAL REGULATION (%) FEEDBACK VOLTAGE (V) 1 750 -0.2% 17 VIN = 12V VOUT = 1.8V 540 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) TOTAL REGULATION (%) FEEDBACK VOLTAGE (V) 0.84 14 570 0 1.8% 11 600 510 6 2.0% 8 630 Output Regulation vs. Input Voltage (MIC45116-1) 0.86 5 660 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) Feedback Voltage vs. Input Voltage (MIC45116-1) 0.76 690 VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 0A to 6A 1.6% 1.1% 0.6% 0.1% -0.4% 5 8 11 14 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) June 10, 2015 17 20 5 8 11 14 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 9 17 20 660 VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 0A 630 600 570 540 510 480 5 8 11 14 17 20 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Typical Characteristics (Continued) Enable Threshold vs. Input Voltage 20.0 2.0 16.0 1.6 ENABLE THRESHOLD (V) ENABLE INPUT CURRENT (µA) Enable Input Current vs. Input Voltage 12.0 8.0 4.0 VEN= VIN IOUT = 0A Rising 1.2 Falling 0.8 0.4 VOUT = 1.8V 0.0 0.0 5 8 11 14 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) June 10, 2015 17 20 5 8 11 14 17 20 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 10 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Functional Characteristics June 10, 2015 11 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Functional Characteristics (Continued) June 10, 2015 12 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Functional Characteristics (Continued) June 10, 2015 13 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Functional Characteristics (Continued) Control Loop Frequency Response 30 200 15 VIN=12V VOUT = 1.8V IOUT = 6A BW=76 kHz PM=79º 10 Magnitude 150 MAGNITUDE (db) 25 20 Phase 5 0 100 PHASE (º) 250 -5 -10 50 -15 -20 0 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) June 10, 2015 14 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Functional Diagram June 10, 2015 15 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 OFF-time period determined by the feedback voltage is less than the minimum OFF-time tOFF(MIN), which is about 250ns, the MIC45116 control logic will apply the tOFF(MIN) instead. tOFF(MIN) is required to maintain enough energy in the internal boost capacitor (CBST) to drive the high-side MOSFET. Functional Description The MIC45116 is an adaptive on-time synchronous buck regulator module built for high-input voltage to low-output voltage conversion applications. The MIC45116 is designed to operate over a wide input voltage range, from 4.75V to 20V, and the output is adjustable with an external resistor divider. An adaptive ON-time control scheme is employed to obtain a constant switching frequency in steady state and to simplify the control compensation. Hiccup mode over-current protection is implemented by sensing low-side MOSFET’s RDS(ON). The device features internal soft-start, enable, UVLO, and thermal shutdown. The module has integrated switching FETs, inductor, bootstrap diode, and bypass capacitors. The maximum duty cycle is obtained from the 250ns tOFF(MIN): DMAX = t S − t OFF(MIN) tS = 1− 250ns tS Eq. 2 Where: tS = 1/fSW. It is not recommended to use MIC45116 with an OFF-time close to tOFF(MIN) during steady-state operation. Theory of Operation Figure 1, in association with Equation 1, shows the output voltage is sensed by the MIC45116 feedback pin (FB) via the voltage divider RFB1 and RFB2 and compared to a 0.8V reference voltage (VREF) at the error comparator through a low-gain transconductance (gm) amplifier. If the feedback voltage decreases, and the amplifier output falls below 0.8V, then the error comparator will trigger the control logic and generate an ON-time period. The ONtime period length is predetermined by the “Fixed tON Estimator” circuitry: The adaptive ON-time control scheme results in a constant switching frequency in the MIC45116 during steady state operation. The actual ON-time and resulting switching frequency will vary with the different rising and falling times of the MOSFETs. Also, the minimum tON results in a lower switching frequency in high VIN to VOUT applications. During load transients, the switching frequency is changed due to the varying OFF-time. To illustrate the control loop operation, we will analyze both the steady-state and load transient scenarios. For easy analysis, the gain of the gm amplifier is assumed to be 1. With this assumption, the inverting input of the error comparator is the same as the feedback voltage. Figure 2 shows the MIC45116 control loop timing during steady-state operation. During steady-state, the gm amplifier senses the feedback voltage ripple, which is proportional to the output voltage ripple plus injected voltage ripple, to trigger the ON-time period. The ON-time is predetermined by the tON estimator. The termination of the OFF-time is controlled by the feedback voltage. At the valley of the feedback voltage ripple, which occurs when VFB falls below VREF, the OFF period ends and the next ON-time period is triggered through the control logic circuitry. Figure 1. Output Voltage Sense via FB Pin t ON(ESTIMATED) = VOUT VIN × fSW Eq. 1 Where VOUT is the output voltage, VIN is the power stage input voltage, and fSW is the switching frequency. At the end of the ON-time period, the internal high-side driver turns off the high-side MOSFET and the low-side driver turns on the low-side MOSFET. The OFF-time period length depends upon the feedback voltage in most cases. When the feedback voltage decreases and the output of the gm amplifier falls below 0.8V, the ON-time period is triggered and the OFF-time period ends. If the June 10, 2015 16 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Unlike true current-mode control, the MIC45116 uses the output voltage ripple to trigger an ON-time period. The output voltage ripple is proportional to the inductor current ripple if the ESR of the output capacitor is large enough. In order to meet the stability requirements, the MIC45116 feedback voltage ripple should be in phase with the inductor current ripple and is large enough to be sensed by the gm amplifier and the error comparator. The recommended feedback voltage ripple is 20mV~100mV over full input voltage range. If a low ESR output capacitor is selected, then the feedback voltage ripple may be too small to be sensed by the gm amplifier and the error comparator. Also, the output voltage ripple and the feedback voltage ripple are not necessarily in phase with the inductor current ripple if the ESR of the output capacitor is very low. In these cases, ripple injection is required to ensure proper operation. Please refer to “Ripple Injection” subsection in the Application Information section for more details about the ripple injection technique. Figure 2. MIC45116 Control Loop Timing Figure 3 shows the operation of the MIC45116 during a load transient. The output voltage drops due to the sudden load increase, which causes the VFB to be less than VREF. This will cause the error comparator to trigger an ON-time period. At the end of the ON-time period, a minimum OFF-time tOFF(MIN) is generated to charge the bootstrap capacitor (CBST) since the feedback voltage is still below VREF. Then, the next ON-time period is triggered due to the low feedback voltage. Therefore, the switching frequency changes during the load transient, but returns to the nominal fixed frequency once the output has stabilized at the new load current level. With the varying duty cycle and switching frequency, the output recovery time is fast and the output voltage deviation is small. Note that the instantaneous switching frequency during load transient remains bounded and cannot increase arbitrarily. The minimum period is limited by tON + tOFF(MIN) .Since the variation in VOUT is relatively limited during load transient, tON stays virtually close to its steady-state value. Discontinuous Mode (MIC45116-1 only) In continuous mode, the inductor current is always greater than zero; however, at light loads, the MIC451161 is able to force the inductor current to operate in discontinuous mode. Discontinuous mode is where the inductor current falls to zero, as indicated by trace (IL) shown in Figure 4. During this period, the efficiency is optimized by shutting down all the non-essential circuits and minimizing the supply current as the switching frequency is reduced. The MIC45116-1 wakes up and turns on the high-side MOSFET when the feedback voltage VFB drops below 0.8V. The MIC45116-1 has a zero crossing comparator (ZC) that monitors the inductor current by sensing the voltage drop across the low-side MOSFET during its ON-time. If the VFB > 0.8V and the inductor current goes slightly negative, then the MIC45116-1 automatically powers down most of the IC circuitry and goes into a low-power mode. Once the MIC45116-1 goes into discontinuous mode, both DL and DH are low, which turns off the high-side and low-side MOSFETs. The load current is supplied by the output capacitors and VOUT drops. If the drop of VOUT causes VFB to go below VREF, then all the circuits will wake up into normal continuous mode. First, the bias currents of most circuits reduced during the discontinuous mode are restored, and then a tON pulse is triggered before the drivers are turned on to avoid any possible glitches. Finally, the high-side driver is turned on. Figure 4 shows the control loop timing in discontinuous mode. Figure 3. MIC45116 Load Transient Response June 10, 2015 17 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 created by R26 and C16 should be much less than the minimum off time. Figure 5. MIC45116 Current-Limiting Circuit Figure 4. MIC45116-1 Control Loop Timing (Discontinuous Mode) The VCL drop allows short-limit programming based on the value of the resistor (R26). If the absolute value of the voltage drop on the bottom FET becomes greater than VCL, and the VILIM falls below PGND, an overcurrent is triggered causing the IC to enter hiccup mode. The hiccup sequence including the soft-start reduces the stress on the switching FETs and protects the load and supply for severe short conditions. During discontinuous mode, the bias current of most circuits is substantially reduced. As a result, the total power supply current during discontinuous mode is only about 350µA, allowing the MIC45116-1 to achieve high efficiency in light load applications. Soft-Start Soft-start reduces the input power supply surge current at startup by controlling the output voltage rise time. The input surge appears while the output capacitor is charged up. The short-circuit current limit can be programmed by using Equation 3. R26 = The MIC45116 implements an internal digital soft-start by making the 0.8V reference voltage VREF ramp from 0 to 100% in about 3ms with 9.7mV steps. Therefore, the output voltage is controlled to increase slowly by a staircase VFB ramp. Once the soft-start cycle ends, the related circuitry is disabled to reduce current consumption. PVDD must be powered up at the same time or after VIN to make the soft-start function correctly. Eq. 3 ICL Where: ICLIM = Desired current limit RDS(ON) = On-resistance of low-side power MOSFET, 16mΩ typically. VCL = Current-limit threshold (typical absolute value is 14mV per the Electrical Characteristics table). Current Limit The MIC45116 uses the RDS(ON) of the low-side MOSFET and external resistor connected from ILIM pin to SW node to set the current limit. ICL = Current-limit source current (typical value is 80µA, per the Electrical Characteristics table). ΔIL(PP) = Inductor current peak-to-peak, since the inductor is integrated use Equation 4 to calculate the inductor ripple current. In each switching cycle of the MIC45116, the inductor current is sensed by monitoring the low-side MOSFET in the OFF period. The sensed voltage VILIM is compared with the power ground (PGND) after a blanking time of 150ns. In this way the drop voltage over the resistor R26 (VCL) is compared with the drop over the bottom FET generating the short current limit. The small capacitor (C16) connected from ILIM pin to PGND filters the switching node ringing during the off-time allowing a better short-limit measurement. The time constant June 10, 2015 (ICLIM + ΔIL (PP ) × 0.5 - 0.1) × RDS(ON) + VCL The peak-to-peak inductor current ripple is: ∆IL(PP) = 18 VOUT × (VIN(max) − VOUT ) VIN(max) × fsw × L Eq. 4 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 The MIC45116 has a 1.0µH inductor integrated into the module. In case of a hard short, the short limit is folded down to allow an indefinite hard short on the output without any destructive effect. It is mandatory to make sure that the inductor current used to charge the output capacitance during soft-start is under the folded short limit; otherwise the supply will go in hiccup mode and may not finish the soft-start successfully. With R26 = 1.62kΩ and C16 = 15pF, the typical output current limit is 8A. June 10, 2015 19 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 subsection in the Application Information section for more details. Application Information Output Capacitor Selection The type of the output capacitor is usually determined by the application and its equivalent series resistance (ESR). Voltage and RMS current capability are two other important factors for selecting the output capacitor. Recommended capacitor types are MLCC, OS-CON and POSCAP. The output capacitor’s ESR is usually the main cause of the output ripple. The MIC45116 requires ripple injection and the output capacitor ESR affects the control loop from a stability point of view. The output capacitor RMS current is calculated in Equation 7: ICOUT (RMS) = Eq. 5 ΔVOUT(PP) = Peak-to-peak output voltage ripple ΔIL(PP) = Peak-to-peak inductor current ripple The input capacitor must be rated for the input current ripple. The RMS value of input capacitor current is determined at the maximum output current. Assuming the peak-to-peak inductor current ripple is low: The total output ripple is a combination of the ESR and output capacitance. The total ripple is calculated in Equation 6: 2 ΔVOUT(PP) ( Eq. 8 Input Capacitor Selection The input capacitor for the power stage input PVIN should be selected for ripple current rating and voltage rating. Where: ΔIL(PP) + ΔIL(PP) × ESR C = OUT C OUT × fSW × 8 Eq. 7 2 PDISS(COUT ) = ICOUT (RMS) × ESR COUT ΔVOUT(PP) ΔIL(PP) 12 The power dissipated in the output capacitor is: Equation 5 shows how the maximum value of ESR is calculated. ESR COUT ≤ ΔIL(PP) ICIN(RMS) ≈ IOUT(MAX) × D × (1 − D) ) 2 Eq. 9 The power dissipated in the input capacitor is: Eq. 6 PDISS(CIN) = ICIN(RMS) 2 × ESR CIN Where: Eq. 10 D = Duty cycle COUT = Output capacitance value The general rule is to pick the capacitor with a ripple current rating equal to or greater than the calculated worst-case RMS capacitor current. fsw = Switching frequency Equation 11 should be used to calculate the input capacitor. Also it is recommended to keep some margin on the calculated value: As described in the “Theory of Operation” subsection in the Functional Description, the MIC45116 requires at least 20mV peak-to-peak ripple at the FB pin to make the gm amplifier and the error comparator behave properly. Also, the output voltage ripple should be in phase with the inductor current. Therefore, the output voltage ripple caused by the output capacitors value should be much smaller than the ripple caused by the output capacitor ESR. If low-ESR capacitors, such as ceramic capacitors, are selected as the output capacitors, a ripple injection method should be applied to provide enough feedback voltage ripple. Please refer to “Ripple Injection” June 10, 2015 CIN ≈ IOUT(MAX) × (1 − D) fSW × dV Eq. 11 Where: dV = The input ripple fSW = Switching frequency 20 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Output Voltage Setting Components The MIC45116 requires two resistors to set the output voltage as shown in Figure 6. Table 1. VOUT Programming Resistor Look-Up VOUT OPEN 0.8V 40.2kΩ 1.0V 20kΩ 1.2V 11.5kΩ 1.5V 8.06kΩ 1.8V 4.75kΩ 2.5V 3.24kΩ 3.3V 1.91kΩ 5.0V Ripple Injection The VFB ripple required for proper operation of the MIC45116 gm amplifier and error comparator is 20mV to 100mV. However, the output voltage ripple is generally too small to provide enough ripple amplitude at the FB pin and this issue is more visible in lower output voltage applications. If the feedback voltage ripple is so small that the gm amplifier and error comparator cannot sense it, then the MIC45116 will lose control and the output voltage is not regulated. In order to have some amount of VFB ripple, a ripple injection method is applied for low output voltage ripple applications. Figure 6. Voltage-Divider Configuration The output voltage is determined by Equation 12: R VOUT = VFB × 1 + FB1 R FB2 RFB2 The applications are divided into three situations according to the amount of the feedback voltage ripple: Eq. 12 1. Enough ripple at the feedback voltage due to the large ESR of the output capacitors: Where: As shown in Figure 7, the converter is stable without any ripple injection. VFB = 0.8V A typical value of RFB1 used on the standard evaluation board is 10kΩ. If RFB1 is too large, it may allow noise to be introduced into the voltage feedback loop. If RFB1 is too small in value, it will decrease the efficiency of the power supply, especially at light loads. Once RFB1 is selected, RFB2 can be calculated using Equation 13: R FB2 = VFB × R FB1 VOUT − VFB Eq. 13 For fixed RFB1 = 10kΩ, output voltage can be selected by RFB2. Table 1 provides RFB2 values for some common output voltages. June 10, 2015 Figure 7. Enough Ripple at FB from ESR 21 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 The feedback voltage ripple is: ΔVFB(PP) = R FB2 × ESR C OUT × ΔIL(PP) Eq. 14 R FB1 + R FB2 K div = R FB1//R FB2 R INJ + R FB1//R FB2 Where: Where: ΔIL(PP) = The peak-to-peak value of the inductor current ripple VIN = Power stage input voltage Eq. 17 D = Duty cycle fSW = Switching frequency 2. Inadequate ripple at the feedback voltage due to the small ESR of the output capacitors. τ = (RFB1//RFB2//RINJ) × CFF The output voltage ripple is fed into the FB pin through a feedforward capacitor (CFF) in this situation, as shown in Figure 8. The typical CFF value is between 1nF and 100nF. With the feedforward capacitor, the feedback voltage ripple is very close to the output voltage ripple: ΔVFB(PP) = ESR COUT × ΔIL(PP) RINJ= 20kΩ CINJ = 0.1µF In Equations 17 and 18, it is assumed that the time constant associated with CFF must be much greater than the switching period: Eq. 15 1 T = << 1 fSW × τ τ Eq. 18 If the voltage divider resistors RFB1 and RFB2 are in the kΩ range, then a CFF of 1nF to 100nF can easily satisfy the large time constant requirements. Figure 8. Inadequate Ripple at FB pin 3. Virtually no ripple at the FB pin voltage due to the very-low ESR of the output capacitors, such is the case with ceramic output capacitor. In this case, the VFB ripple waveform needs to be generated by injecting suitable signal. A series RC network between SW pin and FB pin, RINJ and CINJ as shown in Figure 9 injects a square-wave current waveform into FB pin, which by means of integration across the capacitor (CFF) generates an appropriate sawtooth FB ripple waveform. Figure 9. External Ripple Injection Circuit at FB Pin The injected ripple is: ΔVFB(PP) = VIN × K div × D × (1 - D) × 1 fSW × τ Eq. 16 June 10, 2015 22 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Thermal Measurements and Safe Operating Area (SOA) Measuring the IC’s case temperature is recommended to ensure it is within its operating limits. Although this might seem like a very elementary task, it is easy to get erroneous results. The most common mistake is to use the standard thermal couple that comes with a thermal meter. This thermal couple wire gauge is large, typically 22 gauge, and behaves like a heatsink, resulting in a lower case measurement. Two methods of temperature measurement are using a smaller thermal couple wire or an infrared thermometer. If a thermal couple wire is used, it must be constructed of 36-gauge wire or higher (smaller wire size) to minimize the wire heat-sinking effect. In addition, the thermal couple tip must be covered in either thermal grease or thermal glue to make sure that the thermal couple junction is making good contact with the case of the IC. Omega brand thermal couple (5SC-TT-K-36-36) is adequate for most applications. Figure 10. MIC45116 Power Derating vs. Output Voltage with 12V input with no Airflow Wherever possible, an infrared thermometer is recommended. The measurement spot size of most infrared thermometers is too large for an accurate reading on a small form factor ICs. However, an IR thermometer from Optris has a 1mm spot size, which makes it a good choice for measuring the hottest point on the case. An optional stand makes it easy to hold the beam on the IC for long periods of time. The safe operating area (SOA) of the MIC45116 is shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11. These thermal measurements were taken on MIC45116 evaluation board with no air flow. Since the MIC45116 is an entire system comprised of switching regulator controller, MOSFETs and inductor, the part needs to be considered as a system. The SOA curves will give guidance to reasonable use of the MIC45116. SOA curves should only be used as a point of reference. SOA data was acquired using the MIC45116 evaluation board. Thermal performance depends on the PCB layout, board size, copper thickness, number of thermal vias, and actual airflow. June 10, 2015 Figure 11. MIC45116 Power Derating vs. Input Voltage with 1.0V output with no Airflow 23 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 • PCB Layout Guidelines Warning: To minimize EMI and output noise, follow these layout recommendations. PCB layout is critical to achieve reliable, stable and efficient performance. A ground plane is required to control EMI and minimize the inductance in power, signal and return paths. Follow the instructions in Package Information and Recommended Landing Pattern to connect the Ground exposed pads to system ground planes. Input Capacitor Figure 12 is optimized from a small form factor point of view shows top and bottom layer of a four layer PCB. It is recommended to use mid layer 1 as a continuous ground plane. • Place the input capacitors on the same side of the board and as close to the module as possible. • Place several vias to the ground plane close to the input capacitor ground terminal. • Use either X7R or X5R dielectric input capacitors. Do not use Y5V or Z5U type capacitors. • Do not replace the ceramic input capacitor with any other type of capacitor. Any type of capacitor can be placed in parallel with the ceramic input capacitor. • If a non-ceramic input capacitor is placed in parallel with the input capacitor, it must be recommended for switching regulator applications and the operating voltage. • In “Hot-Plug” applications, an electrolytic bypass capacitor must be used to limit the over-voltage spike seen on the input supply with power is suddenly applied. If hot-plugging is the normal operation of the system, using an appropriate hot-swap IC is recommended. RC Snubber (Optional) • Depending on the operating conditions, a RC snubber can be used. Place the RC and as close to the SW pin as possible if needed. Placement of Snunbber on the same side as Module is preferred. SW Node • Do not route any digital lines underneath or close to the SW node. • Keep the switch node (SW) away from the feedback (FB) pin. Output Capacitor • Use a wide trace to connect the output capacitor ground terminal to the input capacitor ground terminal. • Phase margin will change as the output capacitor value and ESR changes. • The feedback trace should be separate from the power trace and connected as close as possible to the output capacitor. Sensing a long high-current load trace can degrade the DC load regulation. Figure 12. Top and Bottom Layer of a Four-Layer Board The following guidelines should be followed to ensure proper operation of the MIC45116 module: Module • Place the module close to the point-of-load (POL). • Use wide polygons to route the input and output power lines. June 10, 2015 24 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 PCB Layout Recommendations Top − Copper Layer 1 Copper Layer 2 June 10, 2015 25 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 PCB Layout Recommendations (Continued) Copper Layer 3 Bottom − Copper Layer 4 June 10, 2015 26 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Simplified PCB Design Recommendations Periphery I/O Pad Layout and Large Pad for Exposed Heatsink The board design should begin with copper/metal pads that sit beneath the periphery leads of a mounted QFN. The board pads should extend outside the QFN package edge a distance of approximately 0.20mm per side: After completion of the periphery pad design, the larger exposed pads will be designed to create the mounting surface of the QFN exposed heatsink. The primary transfer of heat out of the QFN will be directly through the bottom surface of the exposed heatsink. To aid in the transfer of generated heat into the PCB, the use of an array of plated through-hole vias beneath the mounted part is recommended. The typical via hole diameter is 0.30mm to 0.35mm, with center-to-center pitch of 0.80mm to 1.20mm. Total pad length = 8.00mm + (0.20mm per side × 2 sides) = 8.40mm Note: Exposed metal trace is “mirror image” of package bottom view. Package Bottom View vs. PCB Recommended Exposed Metal Trace June 10, 2015 27 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Solder Paste Stencil Design (Recommend Stencil Thickness = 112.5 ±12.5µm) The solder stencil aperture openings should be smaller than the periphery or large PCB exposed pads to reduce any chance of build-up of excess solder at the large exposed pad area which can result to solder bridging. The suggested reduction of the stencil aperture opening is typically 0.20mm smaller than exposed metal trace. Note: A critical requirement is to not duplicate land pattern of the exposed metal trace as solder stencil opening as the design and dimension values are different. Note: Cyan-colored shaded pad indicate exposed trace keep out area. Solder Stencil Opening Stack-Up of Pad Layout and Solder Paste Stencil June 10, 2015 28 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Evaluation Board Schematic Bill of Materials Item C4 Part Number B41125A5337M Manufacturer (6) TDK C2, C3, C8, C9, C7, C17 Description Qty. 330µF/25V, ALE Capacitor (optional) 1 Open 6 10uF/25V, 1206, X5R, 20%, MLCC 1 0.1µF/50V, X7R, 0603, 10%, MLCC 5 100µF/6.3V, X5R, 1206, 20%, MLCC 1 C1 C3216X5R1E106M085AC TDK C13, C14, C15, C5, C10 GRM188R71H104KA93D Murata C6 C3216X5R0J107M160AB TDK C12 C1608C0G1H102J080AA TDK 1.0nF/50V, NP0, 0603, 5%, MLCC 1 C16 GRM1885C1H150JA01D Murata 15pF/50V, NP0, 0603, 5%, MLCC 1 CON1, CON2, CON3, CON4 8191 15A, 4-Prong Through-Hole Screw Terminal 4 (7) Keystone(8) Notes: 6. TDK: www.TDK.com. 7. Murata: www.murata.com. 8. Keystone: www.keyelco.com. June 10, 2015 29 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Bill of Materials (Continued) Item Part Number Manufacturer (9) J1 M50-3500742 Harwin J2, J3, TP3 − TP5 90120-0122 Molex R4 CRCW0603100K0FKEA (10) Vishay Dale(11) R21, R1 Description Qty. Header 2x7 1 Header 2 5 100kΩ, 1%, 1/10W, 0603, Thick Film 1 Open 2 R55 CRCW060340K2FKEA Vishay Dale 40.2kΩ, 1%, 1/10W, 0603, Thick Film 1 R31, R50 CRCW060320K0FKEA Vishay Dale 20kΩ, 1%, 1/10W, 0603, Thick Film 2 R32 CRCW060311K5FKEA Vishay Dale 11.5kΩ, 1%, 1/10W, 0603, Thick Film 1 R49 CRCW06038K06FKEA Vishay Dale 8.06kΩ, 1%, 1/10W, 0603, Thick Film 1 R52 CRCW06034K75FKEA Vishay Dale 4.75kΩ, 1%, 1/10W, 0603, Thick Film 1 R53 CRCW06033K24FKEA Vishay Dale 3.24kΩ, 1%, 1/10W, 0603, Thick Film 1 R54 CRCW06031K91FKEA Vishay Dale 1.91kΩ, 1%, 1/10W, 0603, Thick Film 1 R2 CRCW060349K9FKEA Vishay Dale 49.9kΩ, 1%, 1/10W, 0603, Thick Film 1 R51 CRCW060310K0FKEA Vishay Dale 10kΩ, 1%, 1/10W, 0603, Thick Film 1 R26 CRCW06031K62FKEA Vishay Dale 1.62kΩ, 1%, 1/10W, 0603, Thick Film 1 R3, R12 RCG06030000Z0EA Vishay Dale 0Ω Resistor, 1%, 1/10W, 0603, Thick Film 2 TP6 − TP9, A, B 1502-2 Single-End, Through-Hole Terminal 6 20V/6A DC/DC Power Module 1 U1 MIC45116-1YMP MIC45116-2YMP Keystone Micrel, Inc.(12) Notes: 9. Harwin: http://www.harwin.com. 10. Molex: www.molex.com. 11. Vishay-Dale: www.vishay.com. 12. Micrel, Inc: www.micrel.com. June 10, 2015 30 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Package Information and Recommended Landing Pattern(13) 52-Pin 8mm × 8mm QFN (MP) Note: 13. Package information is correct as of the publication date. For updates and most current information, go to www.micrel.com. June 10, 2015 31 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Package Information and Recommended Landing Pattern(13) (Continued) June 10, 2015 32 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Package Information and Recommended Landing Pattern(13) (Continued) June 10, 2015 33 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Thermally-Enhanced Landing Pattern June 10, 2015 34 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 Thermally Enhanced Landing Pattern (Continued) June 10, 2015 35 Revision 1.0 Micrel, Inc. MIC45116 MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com Micrel, Inc. is a leading global manufacturer of IC solutions for the worldwide high performance linear and power, LAN, and timing & communications markets. The Company’s products include advanced mixed-signal, analog & power semiconductors; high-performance communication, clock management, MEMs-based clock oscillators & crystal-less clock generators, Ethernet switches, and physical layer transceiver ICs. Company customers include leading manufacturers of enterprise, consumer, industrial, mobile, telecommunications, automotive, and computer products. Corporation headquarters and state-of-the-art wafer fabrication facilities are located in San Jose, CA, with regional sales and support offices and advanced technology design centers situated throughout the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Additionally, the Company maintains an extensive network of distributors and reps worldwide. Micrel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information furnished in this datasheet. This information is not intended as a warranty and Micrel does not assume responsibility for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry, specifications and descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Micrel’s terms and conditions of sale for such products, Micrel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Micrel disclaims any express or implied warranty relating to the sale and/or use of Micrel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright, or other intellectual property right. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2015 Micrel, Incorporated. June 10, 2015 36 Revision 1.0