RF2494 Preliminary 8 HIGH FREQUENCY LNA/MIXER Typical Applications • Part of 2.4GHz IEEE802.11b WLANs • WLAN or Wireless Local Loop • Digital Communication Systems • Portable Battery-Powered Equipment • Spread-Spectrum Communication Systems • UHF Digital and Analog Receivers 1.00 0.85 .80 .65 The RF2494 is a monolithic integrated UHF receiver front end suitable for 2.4GHz ISM band applications. The IC contains all of the required components to implement the RF functions of the receiver except for the passive filtering and LO generation. It contains an LNA (low-noise amplifier), a second RF amplifier and a doubly balanced mixer. The output of the LNA is made available as an output to permit the insertion of a bandpass filter between the LNA and the RF/Mixer section. The mixer outputs can be selectively disabled to allow for the IF filter to be used in the transmit mode. 4.00 sq. .60 .24 typ .65 .30 4 PLCS 2 .35 .23 1.85 1.55 sq. .75 .50 12° max .05 .01 .23 .13 .65 4 PLCS 8 Dimensions in mm. NOTES: 1 Shaded Pin is Lead 1. 2 Dimension applies to plated terminal and is measured between 0.02 mm and 0.25 mm from terminal end. FRONT-ENDS Product Description 3 Pin 1 identifier must exist on top surface of package by identification mark or feature on the package body. Exact shape and size is optional. Package Warpage: 0.05 max. Die thickness allowable: 0.305 mm max. 4 5 Optimum Technology Matching® Applied Si CMOS LNA OUT SiGe HBT VCC4 GaAs MESFET GS üSi Bi-CMOS GaAs HBT LNA IN Si BJT 16 15 14 13 PD 1 VCC1 2 Bias Circuits LNA RF AMP VCC2 3 MIX OUT- 4 6 7 8 • 2400MHz to 2500MHz Operation • Two Gain Settings: 28dB or 12dB 12 NC • 4.5dB Cascaded NF, High Gain Mode 11 NC • 20mA DC Current Consumption 10 MIX IN • Input IP3: -23dBm or -8dBm MIX OUT+ LO IN RX EN VCC3 GND3 Functional Block Diagram Rev A0 010730 Features • Single 2.7V to 3.6V Power Supply 9 5 Package Style: LCC, 16-Pin, 4x4 Ordering Information RF2494 High Frequency LNA/Mixer RF2494 PCBA-H Fully Assembled Evaluation Board (2.5GHz) RF Micro Devices, Inc. 7628 Thorndike Road Greensboro, NC 27409, USA Tel (336) 664 1233 Fax (336) 664 0454 http://www.rfmd.com 8-53 RF2494 Preliminary Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Supply Voltage Input LO and RF Levels Operating Ambient Temperature Storage Temperature Parameter Rating Unit -0.5 to 3.6 +6 -40 to +85 -40 to +150 VDC dBm °C °C Specification Min. Typ. Max. Caution! ESD sensitive device. RF Micro Devices believes the furnished information is correct and accurate at the time of this printing. However, RF Micro Devices reserves the right to make changes to its products without notice. RF Micro Devices does not assume responsibility for the use of the described product(s). Unit T = 25°C, VCC =3V, RF=2442 MHz, LO=2068MHz, -10dBm Overall RF Frequency Range IF Frequency Range Cascade Gain Cascade IP3 10 26 13 -29 Cascade Noise Figure Input P1dB FRONT-ENDS 8 Condition 2400 to 2500 374 28 15 -22 -8 4.5 18 -28 -14 500 31 17 -19 MHz MHz dB dB dBm dBm dB dB dBm dBm IF=374MHz, GAIN SEL=1 IF=374MHz, GAIN SEL=0 Referenced to the input, GAIN SEL = 1 Referenced to the input, GAIN SEL = 0 Single sideband, GAIN SEL = 1 Single sideband, GAIN SEL = 0 GAIN SEL = 1 GAIN SEL = 0 LNA Noise Figure 2.3 7 Input VSWR Input IP3 dB dB 2:1 Gain Reverse Isolation Output Impedance -3 -3 10 -6 22 50 dBm dBm dB dB dB Ω 10 50 -17 18 dB Ω dBm dB 4 kΩ GAIN SEL = 1 GAIN SEL = 0 No external matching GAIN SEL = 1 GAIN SEL = 0 GAIN SEL = 1 GAIN SEL = 0 RF Amp and Mixer Noise Figure Input Impedance Input IP3 Conversion Power Gain Output Impedance Single sideband With Current Combiner (1kΩ between open collectors and 250 Ω single ended load) Open Collector LO Input LO Level LO to RF Rejection LO to IF Rejection LO Input VSWR -15 -10 42 15 0 dBm dB dB LO input to LNA input LO input to IF output 400 100 300 1000 200 V mV nS nS Voltage at the input of RX EN, PD and GAIN SEL From PD Going high. From RX EN Going high. PD = “1” 3.3 17 17 10 0.2 3.6 26 26 16 1 V mA mA mA µA GAIN SEL=1, RX EN =1, PD=1 GAIN SEL=0, RX EN =1, PD=1 GAIN SEL=X, RX EN=0, PD=1 GAIN SEL=X, RX EN=X, PD =0 2:1 Power Down Control Logic Controls “ON” Logic Controls “OFF” Turn on Time Turn on Time VCC -0.3 Power Supply Voltage Current Consumption 2.7 15 8 8-54 Rev A0 010730 RF2494 Pin 1 Function PD 2 VCC1 3 VCC2 4 MIXOUT- 5 6 MIXOUT+ LO IN Description The power enable pin. When PD is >VCC - 300mV, the part is biased on. When PD is <300mV, then the part is turned off and typically draws less than 1µA. Supply voltage for bias circuits and logic control. A 10pF external bypass capacitor is required and an additional 0.01µF is required if no other low frequency bypass capacitors are nearby. The trace length between the pin and the bypass capacitors should be minimized. The ground side of the bypass capacitors should connect immediately to ground plane. Supply voltage for LO_Buffer. A 10pF bypass capacitor is required and an additional 0.01µF is required if there is no other low frequency bypass capacitor in the area. The trace length between the pin and the bypass capacitors should be minimized. The ground side of the bypass capacitors should connect immediately to ground plane. The inverting open collector output of the mixer. This pin needs to be externally biased and DC isolated from other parts of the circuit. This output can drive a Balun, with MIXOUT+, to convert to unbalanced to drive a SAW filter. The Balun can be either broadband (transformer) or narrowband (discrete LC matching). Alternatively, MIXOUT+ may be used alone to drive a SAW single-ended, with an RF choke (high Z at IF) from VCC to MIXOUT-. The non-inverting open collector output of the mixer. This pin needs to be externally biased and DC isolated from other parts of the circuit. This output can drive a Balun, with MIXOUT+, to convert to unbalanced to drive a SAW filter. The Balun can be either broadband (transformer) or narrowband (discrete LC matching). Alternatively, MIXOUT+ may be used alone to drive a SAW single-ended, with an RF choke (high Z at IF) from VCC to MIXOUT+. LO input pin. This input needs a DC-blocking cap. External matching is recommended to 50Ω. Interface Schematic See pin 6. MIX OUT+ MIX OUT- See pin 4. 8 VCC2 FRONT-ENDS Preliminary LO IN 7 RX EN 8 9 VCC3 GND3 10 MIX IN This control pin allows the mixer output pins to be put into a high impedance state. This allows the transmit signal path to share the same IF filter as the receiver. Supply voltage for mixer preamp. Ground pin for mixer preamp. This lead inductance is intended to be similar to VCC3 lead inductance. Mixer RF Input port. This pin is NOT internally DC-blocked. An external blocking capacitor must be provided if the pin is connected to a device with DC present. A value of >22pF is recommended. To minimize the noise figure it is recommended to have a bandpass filter before this input. This will prevent the noise at the image frequency from being converted to the IF. See pin 10. See pin 10. VCC3 MIX IN GND3 11 12 NC NC Rev A0 010730 Not connected. Not connected. 8-55 RF2494 Pin 13 Function LNA OUT 14 VCC4 Preliminary Description Interface Schematic RF signal output for external 50Ω filtering.The use of a filter here is optional but does provide for lower noise floor and better out-of-band rejection. Supply voltage for the LNA. This pin should be bypassed with a 10 pF capacitor to ground as close to the pin as possible. The shunt inductance from this pin to ground via the supply decoupling must be tuned to match the LNA output to 50Ω at the desired operating frequency. See pin 14. Microstrip EXTERNAL DECOUPLING VCC4 -16 dB P15 LNA OUT P2 LNA IN BIAS P1 GAIN SEL 15 GS 16 LNA IN LNA gain control. When GAIN SEL is >VCC - 300mV, LNA gain is at 10 dB. When GAIN SEL is <300mV, the LNA gain is -6dB. This pin is NOT internally DC blocked. An external blocking capacitor must be provided if the pin is connected to a device with DC present. If a blocking capacitor is required, a value of 2pF is recommended. See pin 14. See pin 14. FRONT-ENDS 8 8-56 Rev A0 010730 RF2494 Preliminary Theory of Operation IL = 1-3 dB 2.4 to 2.483 GHz RF Micro Devices 2.4 GHz ISM Chipset RF2948 RX VGC RF2494 SSOP-16 EPP Gain Select OUT Q SAW IL = 10 dB max RX LNA Dual Gain Modes -5 dB and +10 dB RX IF Amp 15 dB 15 dB Gain -15 dB to 35 dB Gain TX OUT I Filter 15 dB 2.4 to 2.483 GHz Base Band Amp. Active Selectable LPF (fC = 1 MHz to 40 MHz) 0-30 dB Gain TX T/R Switch Dual Frequency Synthesizer RF VCO IF VCO * 2 +45 ° -45° Filter I INPUT RF2189 15 dB Gain Range 10 dBm PA Driver Σ Filter Selectable LPF Q INPUT TX VGC IL = 1-3 dB 2.4 to 2.483 GHz Figure 1. Entire Chipset Functional Block Diagram The mixer on the RF2494 is also two stages. The first stage is a common emitter amp used to boost the total power gain prior to the lossy SAW filter, to convert to a differential signal to the input of the mixer, and to improve the noise figure of the mixer. The second stage is a double balanced mixer whose output is differential open collector. It is recommended that a “current combiner” is used (as shown in figure 2) at the mixer output to maximize conversion gain, but other loads can also be used. The current combiner is used to do a differential to single ended conversion for the SAW filter. C1, C2 and L1 are used to tune the circuit for a specific IF frequency. L2 is a choke to supply DC current to the mixer that is also used as a tuning element, along with C3, to match to the SAW filter’s input impedance. RL is the SAW filter’s input impedance. Rev A0 010730 The mixer power conversion gain is +19dB when R1 is set to 1k Ω. The conversion gain can be adjusted up ~5dB or down ~7dB by changing the value of R1. Once R1 is chosen, L2 and C3 can be used to tune the output for the SAW filter. VCC C1 C2 L2 C3 L1 R1 OUT RL Open Collector Mixer Output Figure 2. Current Combiner for Mixer Load The cascaded power gain of the LNA/Mixer is 29dB, which after insertion loss in the image filter (~3dB) and IF SAW filter (~10dB), still gives 16dB of gain prior to the IF amps. Because of this, the noise figure of the IF amps should not significantly degrade system noise figure. The LNA input should be matched for a good return loss for optimum gain and noise figure. To allow the designer to match each of these ports, 2-port s-parameter data is available for the LNA, and 1-port data is available for MIXER IN and LO IN. 8-57 8 FRONT-ENDS The RF2494 contains the LNA/Mixer for this chipset. The LNA is made from two stages including a common emitter amplifier stage with a power gain of 13dB and an attenuator which has an insertion loss of 3dB in high gain mode, and 17dB in low gain mode. The attenuator was put after the LNA so that system noise figure degradation would be minimized. A single gain stage was used prior to the image filter to maximize IP3 which minimizes the risk of large out-of-bad signals jamming the desired signal. RF2494 Preliminary Evaluation Board Schematic (Download Bill of Materials from www.rfmd.com.) GS VCC4 R6 10 Ω C9 10 nF L6 4.7 nH J1 LNA IN 50 Ω µstrip C8 2 pF C5 10 nF C10 1.5 pF 50 Ω µstrip 16 PD 1 VCC1, VCC2 2 C11 0.5 pF C4 10 nF C19 22 pF 15 14 13 LNA 11 RF AMP 3 R1 2.2 kΩ L2 120 nH IN GND OUT 9 5 6 7 L5 1.8 nH 50 Ω µstrip J2 LNA OUT FL1 R3 0Ω 10 4 C12 0.5 pF R2 0Ω 12 Bias Circuits R4* 0Ω C17 10 nF C2 0.5 pF 50 Ω µstrip R5* 0Ω 50 Ω µstrip J4 MIX IN 8 VCC3 2494400- L1 100 nH C6 10 nF 8 FRONT-ENDS J3 IF OUT C3 10 nF P1-1 P1-3 8-58 C7 10 nF RX EN C18 10 nF 50 Ω µstrip P2 P1 1 VCC1, VCC2 2 GND 3 PD CON3 C21 22 pF 50 Ω µstrip C15 22 pF 50 Ω µstrip L3 8.2 nH C16 1 pF P2-1 P2-3 C20 10 nF P3 1 GS 2 GND 3 VCC4 CON3 P3-1 P3-3 1 VCC3 2 GND 3 RX EN J5 LO IN * For cascaded configuration, jumpers R2 and R3 need to be installed with R4 and R5 taken out. CON3 Rev A0 010730 RF2494 Preliminary Evaluation Board Layout Board Size 1.5” x 1.5” Board Thickness 0.031”, Board Material FR-4, Multi-Layer FRONT-ENDS 8 NOTE: In the following charts, all cascaded data measured with a bandpass filter inserted between LNA OUT and MIX IN, having cut frequencies: fL =TBD, fM =TBD, and insertion loss=TBD. Rev A0 010730 8-59 RF2494 Preliminary LNA + Mixer Gain versus VCC (2.45 GHz), Attenuator Off LNA + Mixer IIP3 versus VCC (2.45 GHz), Attenuator Off -24.0 33.0 -40C IIP3 32.0 25C IIP3 -25.0 -40C Gain 31.0 85C IIP3 25C Gain -26.0 85C Gain IIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) 30.0 29.0 -27.0 -28.0 28.0 -29.0 27.0 -30.0 26.0 25.0 -31.0 2.7 3.0 3.3 2.7 3.6 3.0 VCC 3.3 3.6 VCC LNA + Mixer Gain versus RF Frequency (3.3 V), Attenuator Off LNA + Mixer IIP3 versus RF Frequency (3.3V), Attenuator Off 34.00 -24.00 33.00 -25.00 32.00 -26.00 -40C IIP3 25C IIP3 85C IIP3 8 -40C Gain 25C Gain IIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) -27.00 85C Gain 30.00 -28.00 29.00 -29.00 28.00 -30.00 27.00 -31.00 26.00 2.40 2.45 -32.00 2.40 2.50 RF Frequency (GHz) 2.45 2.50 RF Frequency (GHz) LNA + Mixer Gain versus VCC (2.45 GHz), Attenuator On LNA + Mixer IIP3 versus VCC (2.45 GHz), Attenuator On -8.6 14.0 -40C Gain 13.5 -8.8 25C Gain 85C Gain 13.0 -9.0 12.5 -40C IIP3 -9.2 12.0 IIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) FRONT-ENDS 31.00 11.5 11.0 25C IIP3 -9.4 85C IIP3 -9.6 -9.8 10.5 -10.0 10.0 -10.2 9.5 9.0 -10.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 VCC 8-60 3.6 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 VCC Rev A0 010730 RF2494 Preliminary LNA + Mixer Gain versus RF Frequency (3.3 V), Attenuator On LNA + Mixer IIP3 versus RF Frequency (3.3 V), Attenuator On 15.00 -7.00 -40C IIP3 -40C Gain 14.50 -7.50 25C Gain 14.00 25C IIP3 85C IIP3 85C Gain 13.50 -8.00 13.00 IIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) -8.50 12.50 12.00 11.50 -9.00 -9.50 11.00 10.50 -10.00 10.00 -10.50 9.50 9.00 2.40 2.45 -11.00 2.40 2.50 2.45 RF Frequency (GHz) LNA + Mixer SSB Noise Figure versus VCC (2.45 GHz), Attenuator Off LNA + Mixer SSB Noise Figure versus RF Frequency (3.3 V), Attenuator Off 5.50 5.6 25C NF 25C NF 85C NF 85C NF 5.4 -40C NF -40C NF 5.00 5.2 5.0 4.8 8 4.50 FRONT-ENDS SSB Noise Figure (dB) SSB Noise Figure (dB) 2.50 RF Frequency (GHz) 4.00 3.50 4.6 4.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.00 2.40 3.6 2.45 VCC LNA + Mixer SSB Noise Figure versus VCC (2.45 GHz), Attenuator On LNA + Mixer SSB Noise Figure versus RF Frequency (3.3 V), Attenuator On 20.00 19.8 25C NF 25C NF 19.6 85C NF 19.00 85C NF -40C NF -40C NF 19.4 19.2 SSB Noise Figure (dB) SSB Noise Figure (dB) 2.50 RF Frequency (GHz) 19.0 18.8 18.6 18.4 18.00 17.00 16.00 15.00 18.2 14.00 18.0 17.8 2.7 3.0 3.3 VCC Rev A0 010730 3.6 13.00 2.40 2.45 2.50 RF Frequency (GHz) 8-61 RF2494 Preliminary LNA + Mixer Gain versus IF Frequency (3.3 V) LNA + Mixer IIP3 versus IF Frequency (3.3 V) -23.0 32.0 IIP3 Gain -24.0 31.0 -25.0 30.0 IIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) -26.0 29.0 -27.0 -28.0 28.0 -29.0 27.0 -30.0 26.0 -31.0 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 0.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0 IF Frequency (MHz) IF Frequency (MHz) LNA ICC versus VCC (PD = 1, RX EN = 0) 12.7 Total ICC versus VCC (PD = 1, RX EN = 1) 21.0 25C LNA Icc 25C Total Icc 85C LNA Icc 12.5 85C Total Icc 20.5 -40C LNA Icc 8 20.0 ICC (mA) ICC (mA) 12.1 11.9 11.7 11.5 19.5 19.0 11.3 18.5 11.1 10.9 18.0 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 VCC 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 VCC Isolation -13.00 -18.00 -23.00 LO-mixin Isolation (dB) FRONT-ENDS -40C Total Icc 12.3 LO-LNAin -28.00 LNAin-LNAout LO-IFout -33.00 -38.00 -43.00 -48.00 2.12 2.17 2.22 LO Frequency (GHz) 8-62 Rev A0 010730 RF2494 Preliminary LNA Gain versus VCC (2.45 GHz), Attenuator Off LNA IIP3 versus VCC (2.45 GHz), Attenuator Off -2.0 10.5 -40C IIP3 -40C Gain 10.4 -2.1 25C Gain 25C IIP3 85C IIP3 85C Gain 10.3 -2.2 -2.3 10.1 IIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) 10.2 10.0 9.9 -2.4 -2.5 9.8 -2.6 9.7 -2.7 9.6 9.5 -2.8 2.7 3.0 3.3 2.7 3.6 3.0 VCC 3.3 3.6 VCC LNA Gain versus VCC (2.45 GHz), Attenuator On LNA IIP3 versus VCC (2.45 GHz), Attenuator On -4.0 -1.8 -40C Gain 25C Gain -4.2 -2.0 85C Gain 8 -4.4 -2.2 -4.8 FRONT-ENDS IIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) -4.6 -40C IIP3 25C IIP3 -2.4 85C IIP3 -5.0 -2.6 -5.2 -2.8 -5.4 -5.6 -3.0 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 2.7 VCC 3.0 3.3 LNA Gain versus RF Frequency (3.3 V), Attenuator Off LNA IIP3 versus RF Frequency (3.3 V), Attenuator Off 0.00 10.70 -40C Gain 10.60 -40C IIP3 25C Gain 25C IIP3 -0.50 85C Gain 85C IIP3 10.50 -1.00 10.40 10.30 IIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) 3.6 VCC 10.20 10.10 10.00 -1.50 -2.00 -2.50 9.90 -3.00 9.80 9.70 2.40 2.45 RF Frequency (GHz) Rev A0 010730 2.50 -3.50 2.40 2.45 2.50 RF Frequency (GHz) 8-63 RF2494 Preliminary LNA Gain versus RF Frequency (3.3 V), Attenuator On LNA IIP3 versus RF Frequency (3.3 V), Attenuator On -3.70 -1.90 -40C Gain -2.00 25C Gain -3.90 85C Gain -2.10 -4.10 -40C IIP3 25C IIP3 -2.20 85C IIP3 IIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) -4.30 -4.50 -4.70 -2.30 -2.40 -2.50 -4.90 -2.60 -5.10 -2.70 -5.30 -2.80 -5.50 2.40 2.45 -2.90 2.40 2.50 RF Frequency (GHz) LNA Noise Figure versus VCC (2.45 GHz), Attenuator Off 2.50 -40C NF -40C NF 2.45 25C NF 2.28 85C NF 2.40 Noise Figure (dB) Noise Figure (dB) 25C NF 85C NF 2.26 2.24 2.22 2.20 2.18 2.16 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.20 2.14 2.15 2.12 2.10 2.70 3.00 3.30 2.10 2.40 3.60 VCC 2.45 LNA Noise Figure versus RF Frequency (3.3 V), Attenuator On 9.0 9.00 -40C NF -40C NF 25C NF 8.5 25C NF 8.50 85C NF 85C NF 8.00 Noise Figure (dB) 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 7.50 7.00 6.50 6.0 6.00 5.5 5.50 5.0 2.7 3.0 3.3 VCC 8-64 2.50 RF Frequency (GHz) LNA Noise Figure versus VCC (2.45 GHz), Attenuator On Noise Figure (dB) FRONT-ENDS 8 2.50 LNA Noise Figure versus RF Frequency (3.3 V), Attenuator Off 2.32 2.30 2.45 RF Frequency (GHz) 3.6 5.00 2.40 2.45 2.50 RF Frequency (GHz) Rev A0 010730 RF2494 Preliminary Mixer Gain versus VCC (2.45 GHz) Mixer IIP3 versus VCC (2.45 GHz) -14.5 22.0 -40C IIP3 -40C Gain 25C IIP3 25C Gain 21.0 -15.0 85C Gain 85C IIP3 -15.5 IIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) 20.0 19.0 -16.0 -16.5 18.0 -17.0 17.0 -17.5 16.0 -18.0 2.7 3.0 3.3 2.7 3.6 3.0 VCC 3.3 3.6 VCC Mixer Gain versus RF Frequency (3.3 V) Mixer IIP3 versus RF Frequency (3.3 V) -15.00 22.00 -15.50 21.00 -40C IIP3 8 25C IIP3 -40C Gain 85C IIP3 IIP3 (dBm) 85C Gain 19.00 FRONT-ENDS 25C Gain 20.00 Gain (dB) -16.00 -16.50 -17.00 18.00 -17.50 17.00 -18.00 16.00 2.40 2.45 -18.50 2.40 2.50 RF Frequency (GHz) 2.45 Mixer SSB Noise Figure versus VCC (2.45 GHz) Mixer SSB Noise Figure versus RF Frequency (3.3 V) 13.5 13.00 -40C NF 25C NF 13.0 -40C NF 25C NF 85C NF 85C NF 12.00 12.5 SSB Noise Figure (dB) SSB Noise Figure (dB) 2.50 RF Frequency (GHz) 12.0 11.5 11.0 11.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 10.5 10.0 2.7 3.0 3.3 VCC Rev A0 010730 3.6 7.00 2.40 2.45 2.50 RF Frequency (GHz) 8-65 RF2494 Preliminary Mixer Gain versus LO Amplitude (VCC = 3.3 V, RF Frequency = 2.45 GHz) Mixer IIP3 versus LO Amplitude (VCC = 3.3 V, RF Frequency = 2.45 GHz) 20 -14 IIP3 19 -15 18 -16 IIP3 (dBm) Gain (dB) Gain 17 -17 16 -18 15 -19 14 -20 -24 -22 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 LO Amplitude (dBm) -4 -2 0 2 4 6 -24 -22 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 LO Amplitude (dBm) FRONT-ENDS 8 8-66 Rev A0 010730