HV623 32-Channel 128-Level Amplitude Gray-Shade Display Column Driver Ordering Information Package Option Device 64-Lead 3-sided Plastic Gullwing HV623 HV623PG General Description Features The HV623 is a 32-channel driver IC for gray shade display use. It is designed to produce varying output voltages between 3 and 80 volts. This amplitude modulation at the output is facilitated by an external ramp voltage VR. See Theory of Operation for detailed explanation. 5V CMOS inputs Up to 80V modulation voltage Capable of 128 levels of gray shading 20MHz data throughput rate This device consists of a dual 16-bit shift registers, 32 data latches and comparators, and control logic to preform 128 levels of gray shading. There are 7 bits of data inputs. Data is shifted through the shift registers at both edges of the clock, resulting a data transfer rate of twice of the shift clock frequency. When the DIR pin is high, CSI/CSO is the input/output for the chip select pulse. When DIR is low, CSI/CSO is the output/input for the chip select pulse. The DIR = HIGH also allows the HV623 to shift data in the counterclockwise direction when viewed from the top of the package. When the DIR pin is low, data is shifted in the clockwise direction. 32 outputs per device (can be cascaded) Pin-programmable shift direction (DIR) D/A conversion cycle time is 32µs Diodes in output structure allow usage in energy recovery systems Integrated HVCMOS® technology Available in 3-sided 64-lead gullwing package The output circuitry allows the energy which is stored in the output capacitance to be returned to VPP through the body diode of the output transistor. Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply voltage, VDD1 -0.5V to +7.5V VPP1 -0.5V to +90V Supply voltage, Logic input levels1 Ground current 2 -0.5 to VDD + 0.5V 1.5A Continuous total power dissipation3 Operating temperature range Storage temperature range Lead temperature 1.6mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds 1W -40°C to +70°C -65°C to +150°C 260°C Notes: 1. All voltages are referenced to GND. 2. Duty cycle is limited by the total power dissipated in the package. 3. For operation above 25°C ambient derate linearly to 70°C at 22.2mW/°C. 12-122 HV623 Electrical Characteristics (at TA = 25°C, over operating conditions unless otherwise specified) Low-Voltage DC Characteristics (Digital) Symbol Parameter Min Typ1 Max Units 12 20 mA fSC = 10MHz fCC = 8MHz 100 µA All VIN = 0V, VDD = max Conditions IDD VDD supply current IDDQ Quiescent VDD supply current IIH High-level input current 1.0 50 µA VIH = VDD IIL Low-level input current -1.0 -50 µA VIL = 0V CIN2 Input capacitance (data, LC, SC, CC) 15 pF VIN = 0V, f = 1MHz IOH High-level output current -2 mA VDD = 4.5V IOL Low-level output current 2 mA VDD = 4.5V Notes 1. All typical values are at VDD = 5.0V. 2. Guaranteed by design. Low-Voltage DC Characteristics (Analog) Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units Conditions IDD VDD supply current 100 µA fSC =10MHz fCC = 8MHz IDDQ Quiescent VDD supply current 100 µA All VIN = 0V, VDD = max Max Units High-Voltage Bias Circuit for Output Variation Control Symbol IPP Parameter Min VPP supply current for bias circuit Typ 2 mA Conditions Depending on external bias circuit, see Table 1. High-Voltage DC Characteristics Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units Conditions IAOH High-voltage analog output source current See Performance Curves mA VPP = 80V See test circuit IAOL High-voltage analog output sink current See Performance Curves mA VPP = 80V, VDD = 4.5V VAO = 2V ∆VO Maximum delta voltage between high voltage outputs of the same level ±0.2 V At all gray levels Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units 4.5 5.0 5.5 V 4.5 5.0 VDD Low-voltage digital supply voltage VDD Low-voltage analog supply voltage 5.5 V VIH High-level input voltage (analog and digital) VDD -1 VDD V VIL Low-level input voltage (analog and digital) 0 1 V VBIAS IPP control circuit bias voltage -2 VCTL IPP control circuit control voltage 2 V VPP High-voltage supply VR Ramp voltage fSC Shift clock operating frequency (at VDD = 5.5V) TA Operating free-air temperature 0 0 -0.3 80 V 0 VPP -2 V 10.2 MHz 70 °C -40 Notes: Power-up sequence should be the following: 1. Connect ground. 2. Apply VDD. 3. Set all inputs (Data, CLK, Enable, etc.) to a known state. Power-down sequence should be the reverse of the above. 12-123 V 4. Apply VPP. HV623 Electrical Characteristics AC Characteristics (VDD = 5.5V, TA = 25°C) Logic Timing Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units fSC Shift clock operating frequency 10.2 MHz fDIN Data-in frequency 20.4 MHz tSS CSI/CSO pulse to shift clock setup time 40 ns tHS CSI/CSO pulse to shift clock hold time 0 ns tWA CSI pulse width 49 ns tDS Data to shift clock setup time 20 ns tDH Data to shift clock hold time 0 ns tWD Data-in pulse width 24 ns tWLC Load count pulse width 98 ns tDLCR Load count to ramp delay 1 µs tDRCC1 Ramp to count clock delay 0.47 µs tDSL Shift clock to load count delay time tCSC Shift clock cycle time 98 ns tWSC Shift clock pulse width 49 ns tCCC Count clock cycle time 98 ns tWCC Count clock pulse width 49 ns 98 Conditions ns Note 1: Count clock starts counting after 0.47µs min. This is equivalent to a time duration for a linear ramp VR to ramp from 0 to 3V, assuming the minimum value of TRR, ramp size time of 12µs for VR = 80V. VRAMP Timing Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units tCR Cycle time of ramp signal 15 µs tRR Ramp rise time 12 µs tHR2 Ramp hold time 2 15 µs tFR Ramp fall time TBD 3 µs Conditions Note 2: The maximum ramp hold time may be longer than 15 µs, but the output voltage HVOUT will droop due to leakage. Table 1: Schemes to control IPP bias current, typical IPP Option 1 VCTL Option 2 VBIAS VCTL RCTL IPP VBIAS VCTL RCTL IPP (V) (V) (Ω) (mA) (V) (V) (Ω) (mA) 0 0.1 56K 2 -1.0 0 56K 4 0 1.0 56K 7 -2.0 0 56K 5.5 HV623 VCTL +- RCTL RCTL +- 12-124 VBIAS HV623 Pin Definitions Pin # Name Function 30-36 D1-D7 Inputs for binary-format parallel data. 26 SC (Shift Clock) 22 CSI (Chip Select Input) Input pin for the chip select pulse (when DIR is high). Output pin for the chip select pulse (when DIR is low). 43 CSO (Chip Select Output) Input pin for the chip select pulse (when DIR is low). Output pin for the chip select pulse (when DIR is high). 40 LC (Load Count) Input for a pulse whose rising edge causes data from the input latches to enter the comparator latches, and whose falling edge initiates the conversion of this binary data to an output level (D-to-A). Also, the HVOUT will clear to zero after the load count is initiated. 42 Triggers data on both rising and falling edges. This implies that the data rate is always twice the clock rate (data rate = 20MHz max if clock rate = 10MHz max). CC (Count Clock) Input to the count clock generator whose increments are compared to the data in the comparator latches. 18, 47 VR High-voltage ramp input for charging the output stage hold capacitors (CH). This input can be linear or non-linear as desired. 28 DIR When this pin is connected to VDD, input data is shifted in ascending order, i.e., corresponding to HVOUT1 to HVOUT32. When connected to LVGND, input data is shifted in descending order, i.e., corresponding to HVOUT32 to HVOUT1. 27, 38 LVGND This is ground for the logic section. HVGND and LVGND should be connected together externally. 17, 48 HVGND This is ground for the high-voltage (output) section. HVGND and LVGND should be connected together externally. 19, 45 VPP 1-16 49-64 HVOUT1HVOUT32 This input biases the output source followers. High-voltage outputs. 21 VDD (Analog) Low-voltage analog supply voltage. 29 VDD (Digital) Low-voltage digital supply voltage. 24 VCTL Voltage supply pin to prevent output voltage from being affected by its adjacent outputs (VCTL = 2V for a particular panel). The combination of VCTL and RCTL will reduce the output voltage variation to less than ±0.2V of delta voltage between high voltage outputs of the same level at all gray levels. 25 RCTL Current sense resistor to ground to prevent output voltage from being affected by its adjacent outputs (RCTL = 56KΩ for a particular panel). See VCTL function above. Input and Output Equivalent Circuits VDD VDD Data Out Input GND (Logic) GND (Logic) Logic Data Output Logic Inputs 12-125 HV623 Output Stage Detail Test Circuit High-voltage Analog Output Source Current (IAOH) For gray shade #1 (000 0000) VPP = 80V VR VR VPP HV623 + – CH 70V Q1 VCTL Internal Logic & Bias Circuit RCTL HVOUT + Output Stage Logic 0V 1KΩ Vtst - HVOUT 10KΩ LVGND Q2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. HVGND Set HVOUT = Low. Apply VPP = 80V. Apply a step voltage of 70V at VR (slew rate = 4.1V/µs). Measure voltage across the 1KΩ resistor. V Output source current can be calculated by using tst . 1K Functional Block Diagram See Output Stage Detail GND VR VPP L/E Data Latches L/E Data Latches L/E Data Latches L/E Data Latches 1 2 7 7 7 RS F/F Output Stage HVOUT 1 RS F/F Output Stage HVOUT 2 7 RS F/F Output Stage HVOUT 31 Latches and 7 Comparators RS F/F Output Stage HVOUT 32 Latches and Comparators Latches and Comparators 7 RCTL Load Dual 16-bit Shift Registers Count VCTL 31 32 7 7 Latches and Comparators Clear 7 Count SC SC Reset Counter Load DIR I/O Buffers I/O Buffers Shift Clock Buffer CSI CSO SC SC = Shift Clock CSI = Chip Select Input LC = Load Count CSO = Chip Select Output CC = Count Clock *Strobe = twice the SC frequency Data In Buffers D7 Clear Pulse Generator D1 12-126 CC Counter Load Count Buffer Count Clock Buffer LC CC HV623 Typical Panel Connections Data Bus (7) DIR = LOW VR, VPP LVGND, HVGND, SC, LC, CC, CSO 32 1 32 1 32 1 1 32 Display Panel (Example) 1 VR, VPP LVGND, HVGND, SC, LC, CC, CSI 32 1 32 DIR = HIGH Data Bus (7) Gray Scale Voltage Gray Shade Decoding Scheme D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 128 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 127 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 126 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 125 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 124 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 123 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 122 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 121 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 (000 0000) HVOUT (111 1111) 01 2 7 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 VR HVOUT HVOUT HVOUT • • • Clock Cycle 12-127 127 HVOUT Gray Scale Voltage Shade Number HV623 Function Table Sequence Function DIR Data-In (D1 - D7) 1 Shift Data from HVOUT1 to 32 H H L 2 Shift Data from HVOUT32 to 1 L H L 3 Load Shift Register X X 4 Load Counter X X 5 Counting/Voltage Conversion X X CSI CSO Shift Clock Output Output Pre-define by 1 or 2 Load Count Count Clock VR HVOUT L L L L H L L L L H L L L - L L - Initiates VRAMP - L L L Timing Diagrams (a) Basic System Timing t CR t RR VR Chip Select Input (CSI) Load Last Device Load Second Device Load First Device t FR t HR Chip Select Output (CSO) Shift Clock (SC) ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ Data In (D1 - D7) ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ Data from Data Bus (See Detailed Timing) t DLCR Load Count* (LC) Count Clock (CC) ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 128 1 2 3 4 5 128 HV OUT *HVOUT will clear to zero with load count. 12-128 HV623 (b) Detailed Device Timing LOADING LAST DEVICE NEXT LOADING CYCLE t WA Chip Select Input (CSI) t HS t SS t CSC Shift Clock (SC) SC 2 SC 1 Data (D1-D7) DATA SET 1 DATA SET 2 SC 16 DATA SET 3 t DH DATA SET 31 SC 1 DATA SET 32 t WD SC 16 DATA SET 31 DATA SET 1 t DSL t DS t WLC Load Count (LC) t WCC t CCC Count Clock (CC) Count Clock 1 Count Clock 128 t DRCC t DLCR VR 3V 0V Typical Performance Curves Sink Output Characteristics 15 12 12 IO (milliamperes) IO (milliamperes) Source Output Characteristics 15 9 6 3 9 6 3 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 VGS Volts 1 2 3 4 5 VGS Volts 12-129 6 7 8 80V HV623 Pin Configuration 64-Pin PG Package Pin Function 1 HVOUT 1 2 HVOUT 2 3 HVOUT 3 4 HVOUT 4 5 HVOUT 5 6 HVOUT 6 7 HVOUT 7 8 HVOUT 8 9 HVOUT 9 10 HVOUT 10 11 HVOUT 11 12 HVOUT 12 13 HVOUT 13 14 HVOUT 14 15 HVOUT 15 16 HVOUT 16 17 HVGND 18 VR 19 VPP 20 N/C 21 VDD (Analog)* 22 CSI Pin 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Pin Function 45 N/C 46 VCTL 47 RCTL SC (Shift Clock) 48 LVGND 49 DIR 50 VDD (Digital)* 51 D7 52 53 D6 54 D5 55 D4 56 D3 57 D2 58 D1 59 N/C LVGND 60 N/C 61 LC (Load Count) 62 N/C 63 CC (Count Clock) 64 CSO N/C Package Outlines Function VPP N/C VR HVGND HVOUT 17 HVOUT 18 HVOUT 19 HVOUT 20 HVOUT 21 HVOUT 22 HVOUT 23 HVOUT 24 HVOUT 25 HVOUT 26 HVOUT 27 HVOUT 28 HVOUT 29 HVOUT 30 HVOUT 31 HVOUT 32 1 64 Index top view 24 41 25 40 3-Sided Plastic QFP 64-pin Gullwing Package * Analog VDD and digital VDD may be connected separately for better noise immunity. Theory of Operation Loading Data from Data Bus The HV623 has two primary functions: Here is the full data-entry sequence: 1) Loading data from the data bus and, 1) The microcontroller puts data on the bus (7 bits) 2) Gray-shade conversion (converting latched data to output voltages). 2) To enter the data into the 32 sets of 7 latches on the first chip, the shift clock rises. This positive transition is combined with the CSI pulse and is generated only once to strobe the data into the first set of latches. (These latches eventually send data to the HVOUT1). The data on the bus then changes, the shift clock falls, and this negative transition is combined with the CSI pulse, which is now propagated internally, to strobe the new data into the next set of 7 latches (which will end up as HVOUT2). This internal CSI pulse therefore runs at twice the shift clock rate. Since the device was developed initially for flat panel displays, the operation will be described in terms that pertain to that technology. As shown by the Typical Drive Scheme, several HV623 packages are mounted at the top and bottom of a display panel. Data exists on a 7-bit bus (adjacent PC board traces) at top and bottom. The D1 through D7 inputs of each chip take data from the bus when either a CSI or CSO pulse is present at the chip. These pulses therefore act as a combination CHIP SELECT and LOCATION STROBE. Because of the way the chip HVOUT pins are sequenced, data on the bus at the bottom of the display panel will be entered into the left-most chip as HVOUT1, HVOUT2, etc. up to HVOUT32. The CSI pulse will accomplish this with DIR = High. 3) When the last set of 7 latches in the first chip has been loaded (HVOUT32), the CSI pulse leaves chip 1 and enters chip 2. The exit pin is called CSO and the chip 2 entry pin is CSI . For chips at the top of the panel things are reversed: DIR is low, entry pins are CSO and exit pins are CSI , because the data-into-latches sequence is in descending order, HVOUT32 down to HVOUT1. 4) The buses may of course be separate, and data can be strobed in on an interleaved basis, etc., but those complications will be left to systems designers. 12-130 HV623 Output Voltage Variation When data has been loaded into all 32 outputs of all chips (top and bottom of the display panel), the load count pin is pulsed. On its rising transition, all output levels are reset to zero and all the data in the input latches is transferred to a like number of comparator latches, (thus leaving the data latches ready to receive new data during the following operations). After the transfer, the load count pin is brought low. This transition begins the events that convert the binary data into a gray-shade level. The output voltage of the HV623 is determined by the logic and the ramp voltage VR. It is possible that the output voltage may be coupled to an unacceptable level due to its adjacent outputs through the panel. In order to solve this problem, internal logic (refer to Output Stage Detail) is integrated in the IC to minimize the effect. Two external pins VCTL and RCTL allow the feasibility to control the current flowing through Q2. The VCTL pin is connected to a voltage source and the RCTL pin is connected to ground through a resistor (2V and 56KΩ are used for a particular panel). The internal bias circuit will drive the resistor to a voltage level that is equal to the VCTL voltage at steady state through an operational amplifier. The current flowing through Q1 and Q2 will be limited to VCTRL/RCTRL. This combination of VCTL and RCTL will reduce the output voltage variation to less than ±0.2V of delta voltage for each gray shade, independent of its adjacent output voltages. Gray-shade Conversion 1) The COUNT CLOCK is started. An external signal is applied to the COUNT CLOCK pin, causing the counter on each chip to increment from binary 000 0000 to 111 1111 (0 to 127). 2) At the same time, the VR voltage is applied to all chips, via charging transistors, causing the HOLD CAPACITOR (CH) on each output to experience a rise in voltage. 3) The logic control compares the count in the comparator latch to the count clock. The gate voltage of Q1 and the output voltage HVOUT will ramp up at the same rate as VR. 4) Once VR has reached the maximum voltage, then all the pixels will be at the final value. (See Output Gray Scale Voltage.) 12-131