TI TLC1541IDW

TLC1541
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
WITH SERIAL CONTROL AND 11 INPUTS
SLAS073C – DECEMBER 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1996
D
D
D
D
D
D
10-Bit Resolution A/D Converter
Microprocessor Peripheral or Standalone
Operation
On-Chip 12-Channel Analog Multiplexer
Built-In Self-Test Mode
Software-Controllable Sample-and-Hold
Function
Total Unadjusted Error . . . ± 1 LSB Max
Pinout and Control Signals Compatible
With TLC540 and TLC549 Families of 8-Bit
A/D Converters
CMOS Technology
PARAMETER
DW OR N PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
INPUT A0
INPUT A1
INPUT A2
INPUT A3
INPUT A4
INPUT A5
INPUT A6
INPUT A7
INPUT A8
GND
VALUE
description
19
3
18
4
17
5
16
6
15
7
14
8
13
9
12
10
11
VCC
SYSTEM CLOCK
I/O CLOCK
ADDRESS INPUT
DATA OUT
CS
REF +
REF –
INPUT A10
INPUT A9
INPUT A3
INPUT A4
INPUT A5
INPUT A6
INPUT A7
4
3 2 1 20 19
18
5
17
6
16
7
15
8
14
9 10 11 12 13
I/O CLOCK
ADDRESS INPUT
DATA OUT
CS
REF +
INPUT A8
GND
INPUT A9
INPUT A10
REF–
The TLC1541 is a CMOS A/D converter built
around a 10-bit switched-capacitor successiveapproximation A/D converter. The device is
designed for serial interface to a microprocessor
or peripheral using a 3-state output with up to four
control inputs ( including independent SYSTEM
CLOCK, I/O CLOCK, chip select [CS], and
ADDRESS INPUT ). A 2.1-MHz system clock for
the TLC1541, with a design that includes
simultaneous read/write operation, allows highspeed data transfers and sample rates up to
32 258 samples per second. In addition to the
high-speed converter and versatile control logic,
there is an on-chip, 12-channel analog multiplexer
that can be used to sample any one of 11 inputs
or an internal self-test voltage and a sample-andhold function that operates automatically.
20
2
FN PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
5.5 µs
21 µs
32 × 103
6 mW
Channel Acquisition Sample Time
Conversion Time (Max)
Samples Per Second (Max)
Power Dissipation (Max)
1
INPUT A2
INPUT A1
INPUT A0
VCC
SYSTEM CLOCK
D
D
AVAILABLE OPTIONS
PACKAGE
TA
SMALL
OUTLINE
(DW)
PLASTIC CHIP
CARRIER
(FN)
PLASTIC
DIP
(N)
0°C to 70°C
TLC1541CDW
TLC1541CFN
TLC1541CN
– 40°C to 85°C
TLC1541IDW
TLC1541IFN
TLC1541IN
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
Copyright  1996, Texas Instruments Incorporated
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
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1
TLC1541
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
WITH SERIAL CONTROL AND 11 INPUTS
SLAS073C – DECEMBER 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1996
description (continued)
The converters incorporated in the TLC1541 feature differential high-impedance reference inputs that facilitate
ratiometric conversion, scaling, and analog circuitry isolation from logic and supply noises. A totally
switched-capacitor design allows low-error conversion in 21 µs over the full operating temperature range.
The TLC1541 is available in DW, FN, and N packages. The C-suffix versions are characterized for operation
from 0°C to 70°C. The I-suffix versions are characterized for operation from – 40°C to 85°C.
functional block diagram
REF+
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
ANALOG
INPUTS
REF–
13
10-Bit
Switched-Capacitors
Analog-to-Digital
Converter
Sample and
Hold
12-Channel
Analog
Multiplexer
10
4
Output
Data
Register
Input Address
Register
10
10-to-1 Data
Selector and
Driver
16
DATA
OUT
4
4
Control Logic
and I/O
Counters
Self-Test
Reference
ADDRESS
INPUT
17
I/O CLOCK
18
CS
SYSTEM
CLOCK
Input
Multiplexer
2
15
19
typical equivalent inputs
INPUT CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE DURING SAMPLING MODE
INPUT CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE DURING HOLD MODE
1 kΩ TYP
INPUT
A0 – A10
2
INPUT
A0 – A10
Ci = 60 pF TYP
(equivalent input
capacitance)
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• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TLC1541
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
WITH SERIAL CONTROL AND 11 INPUTS
SLAS073C – DECEMBER 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1996
operating sequence
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I/O
CLOCK
1
Don’t
Sample
Cycle B
Access
Cycle B
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Care
Access
Cycle C
tconv
Sample
Cycle C
See Note A
CS
See Note C
MSB
ADDRESS
INPUT
twH(CS)
LSB
B3 B2 B1 B0
MSB
Don’t Care
LSB
C3 C2 C1 C0
Don’t Care
HI-Z
State
HI-Z State
DATA
OUT
A9
A8 A7
A6 A5
A4 A3 A2 A1
A0
A9
Previous Conversion Data A
MSB
(see Note B)
B9
LSB MSB
B8
B7 B6 B5 B4 B3
Conversion Data B
MSB
B2 B1
B0
B9
LSB MSB
NOTES: A. The conversion cycle, which requires 44 system clock periods, initiates on the tenth falling edge of the I/O clock after CS goes low
for the channel whose address exists in memory at that time. When CS is kept low during conversion, the I/O clock must remain
low for at least 44 system clock cycles to allow the conversion to complete.
B. The most significant bit (MSB) is automatically placed on the DATA OUT bus after CS is brought low. The remaining nine bits (A8–A0)
clock out on the first nine I/O clock falling edges.
C. To minimize errors caused by noise at the CS input, the internal circuitry waits for three system clock cycles (or less) after a
chip-select falling edge is detected before responding to control input signals. Therefore, no attempt should be made to clock-in
address data until the minimum chip-select setup time elapses.
absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)†
Supply voltage, VCC (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 V
Input voltage range, VI (any input) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.3 V to VCC + 0.3 V
Output voltage range, VO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.3 V to VCC + 0.3 V
Peak input current (any input) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 10 mA
Peak total input current (all inputs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 30 mA
Operating free-air temperature range, TA: C suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0°C to 70°C
I suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 40°C to 85°C
Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 65°C to 150°C
Case temperature for 10 seconds, TC: FN package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C
Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from the case for 10 seconds: DW or N package . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C
† Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
NOTE 1: All voltage values are with respect to digital ground with REF – and GND wired together (unless otherwise noted).
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3
TLC1541
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
WITH SERIAL CONTROL AND 11 INPUTS
SLAS073C – DECEMBER 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1996
recommended operating conditions
MIN
NOM
MAX
4.75
5
5.5
V
2.5
VCC
0
VCC + 0.1
2.5
V
– 0.1
Differential reference voltage, Vref + – Vref – (see Note 2)
1
VCC
0
VCC + 0.2
VCC
V
Analog input voltage (see Note 2)
High-level control input voltage, VIH
2
Supply voltage, VCC
Positive reference voltage, Vref + (see Note 2)
Negative reference voltage, Vref – (see Note 2)
Low-level control input voltage, VIL
Input/output clock frequency, fclock(I/O)
0
System clock frequency, fclock(SYS)
fclock(I/O)
400
Setup time, address bits before I/O CLOCK↑, tsu(A)
UNIT
V
V
V
0.8
V
1.1
MHz
2.1
MHz
ns
Hold time, address bits after I/O CLOCK↑, th(A)
0
ns
Setup time, CS low before clocking in first address bit, tsu(CS)
(see Note 3 and Operating Sequence)
3
System
clock
cycles
44
System
clock
cycles
Pulse duration, SYSTEM CLOCK high, twH(SYS)
210
ns
Pulse duration, SYSTEM CLOCK low, twL(SYS)
190
ns
Pulse duration, I/O CLOCK high, twH(I/O)
404
ns
Pulse duration, CS high during conversion, twH(CS) (see Operating Sequence)
Pulse duration, I/O CLOCK low, twL(I/O)
404
System
fclock(SYS) ≤ 1048 kHz
fclock(SYS) > 1048 kHz
I/O
fclock(I/O) ≤ 525 kHz
fclock(I/O) > 525 kHz
Clock transition time (see Note 4)
Operating
O
erating free-air tem
temperature
erature, TA
C suffix
I suffix
ns
30
20
100
40
0
70
– 40
85
ns
ns
°C
NOTES: 2. Analog input voltages greater than that applied to REF + convert as all ones (1111111111), while input voltages less than that applied
to REF – convert as all zeros (0000000000). For proper operation, REF + voltage must be at least 1 V higher than REF – voltage.
Also, the total unadjusted error may increase as this differential reference voltage falls below 4.75 V.
3. To minimize errors caused by noise at the chip select input, the internal circuitry waits for three system clock cycles (or less) after
a chip select falling edge is detected before responding to control input signals. Therefore, no attempt should be made to clock in
an address until the minimum chip select setup time elapses.
4. The amount of time required for the clock input signal to fall from VIH min to VIL max or to rise from VIL max to VIH min. In the vicinity
of normal room temperature, the devices function with input clock transition time as slow as 2 µs for remote data acquisition
applications where the sensor and the A/D converter are placed several feet away from the controlling microprocessor.
4
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TLC1541
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
WITH SERIAL CONTROL AND 11 INPUTS
SLAS073C – DECEMBER 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1996
electrical characteristics over recommended operating temperature range,
VCC = Vref+ = 4.75 V to 5.5 V, fclock(I/O) = 1.1 MHz, fclock(SYS) = 2.1 MHz (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
VOH
VOL
TEST CONDITIONS
High-level output voltage (terminal 16)
Low-level output voltage
IOZ
High impedance state output current
High-impedance-state
IIH
IIL
High-level input current
ICC
MIN
TYP†
MAX
VCC = 4.75 V,
VCC = 4.75 V,
IOH = 360 µA
IOL = 3.2 mA
VO = VCC,
VO = 0,
CS at VCC
10
CS at VCC
– 10
2.4
UNIT
V
0.4
V
µA
µA
0.005
2.5
Low-level input current
VI = VCC
VI = 0
– 0.005
– 2.5
µA
Operating supply current
CS at 0 V
1.2
2.5
mA
Selected channel at VCC,
Unselected channel at 0 V
0.4
1
– 0.4
–1
1.3
3
Analog inputs
7
55
Control inputs
5
15
Selected channel leakage current
ICC + Iref
Supply and reference current
Ci
Input capacitance
Selected channel at 0 V,
Unselected channel at VCC
Vref+ = VCC,
CS at 0 V
µA
mA
pF
† All typical values are at VCC = 5 V and TA = 25°C.
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5
TLC1541
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
WITH SERIAL CONTROL AND 11 INPUTS
SLAS073C – DECEMBER 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1996
operating characteristics over recommended operating temperature range,
VCC = Vref+ = 4.75 V to 5.5 V, fclock(I/O) = 1.1 MHz, fclock(SYS) = 2.1 MHz
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
MAX
UNIT
EL
EZS
Linearity error
See Note 5
±1
LSB
Zero-scale error
See Notes 2 and 6
±1
LSB
EFS
ET
Full-scale error
See Notes 2 and 6
±1
LSB
Total unadjusted error
See Note 7
±1
LSB
Self-test output code
tconv
Input A11 address = 1011 (see Note 8)
1000001100
(524)
µs
Conversion time
21
Total access and conversion time
31
µs
6
I/O
clock
cycles
Channel acquisition time (sample cycle)
tv
0111110100
(500)
See Operating Sequence
Time output data remains valid after I/O
CLOCK↓
td
ten
Delay time, I/O CLOCK↓ to DATA OUT valid
tdis
tr(bus)
Output disable time
10
Output enable time
See Figure 1
Data bus rise time
ns
400
ns
150
ns
150
ns
300
ns
tf(bus) Data bus fall time
300
ns
NOTES: 2. Analog input voltages greater than that applied to REF + convert as all ones (1111111111), while input voltages less than that applied
to REF – convert as all zeros (0000000000). For proper operation, REF + voltage must be at least 1 V higher than REF – voltage.
Also, the total unadjusted error may increase as this differential reference voltage falls below 4.75 V.
5. Linearity error is the maximum deviation from the best straight line through the A/D transfer characteristics.
6. Zero-scale error is the difference between 0000000000 and the converted output for zero input voltage; full-scale error is the
difference between 1111111111 and the converted output for full-scale input voltage.
7. Total unadjusted error includes linearity, zero-scale, and full-scale errors.
8. Both the input address and the output codes are expressed in positive logic. The A11 analog input signal is internally generated and
used for test purposes.
6
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TLC1541
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
WITH SERIAL CONTROL AND 11 INPUTS
SLAS073C – DECEMBER 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1996
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
VCC
1.4 V
3 kΩ
3 kΩ
Test
Point
Output
Under Test
CL
(see Note A)
Test
Point
Output
Under Test
CL
(see Note A)
3 kΩ
See Note B
See Note B
LOAD CIRCUIT FOR
td, tr, AND tf
Test
Point
Output
Under Test
CL
(see Note A)
LOAD CIRCUIT FOR
tPZL AND tPLZ
LOAD CIRCUIT FOR
tPZH AND tPHZ
VCC
50%
CS
0V
SYSTEM
CLOCK
tPZL
tPLZ
VCC
Output Waveform 1
(see Note C)
50%
See Note B
10%
tPZH
0V
tPHZ
90%
Output Waveform 2
(see Note C)
VOH
50%
0V
VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS FOR ENABLE AND DISABLE TIMES
I/O CLOCK
0.4 V
2.4 V
Output
0.4 V
td
2.4 V
DATA OUT
0.4 V
tr(bus)
tf(bus)
VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS FOR RISE AND FALL TIMES
VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS FOR DELAY TIME
NOTES: A. CL = 50 pF
B. ten = tPZH or tPZL and tdis = tPHZ or tPLZ.
C. Waveform 1 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is low except when disabled by the output control.
Waveform 2 is for an output with internal conditions such that the output is high except when disabled by the output control.
Figure 1. Load Circuits and Voltage Waveforms
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7
TLC1541
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
WITH SERIAL CONTROL AND 11 INPUTS
SLAS073C – DECEMBER 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1996
APPLICATION INFORMATION
simplified analog input analysis
Using the equivalent circuit in Figure 2, the time required to charge the analog input capacitance from 0 V to
VS within 1/2 LSB can be derived as follows:
The capacitance charging voltage is given by
(
VC = VS 1– e
– tc /RtCi
)
(1)
where
Rt = Rs + ri
The final voltage to 1/2 LSB is given by
VC (1/2 LSB) = VS – (VS /2048)
(2)
Equating equation 1 to equation 2 and solving for time (tc) gives
– t /R C
VS – (VS/2048) = VS 1– e c t i
(
)
(3)
and
tc (1/2 LSB) = Rt × Ci × ln(2048)
(4)
Therefore, with the values given, the time for the analog input signal to settle is
tc (1/2 LSB) = (Rs + 1 kΩ) × 55 pF × ln(2048)
(5)
This time must be less than the converter sample time shown in the timing diagrams.
Driving Source†
TLC1541
Rs
VS
VI
ri
VC
1 kΩ MAX
Ci
55 pF MAX
VI = Input Voltage at INPUT A0 – A10
VS = External Driving Source Voltage
Rs = Source Resistance
ri = Input Resistance
Ci = Input Capacitance
† Driving source requirements:
• Noise and distortion levels for the source must be at least
equivalent to the resolution of the converter.
• Rs must be real at the input frequency.
Figure 2. Equivalent Input Circuit Including the Driving Source
8
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TLC1541
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
WITH SERIAL CONTROL AND 11 INPUTS
SLAS073C – DECEMBER 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1996
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
The TLC1541 is a complete data acquisition system on a single chip. The device includes such functions as sample
and hold, 10-bit A/D converter, data and control registers, and control logic. For flexibility and access speed, there
are four control inputs: chip select (CS), address input, I/O clock, and system clock. These control inputs and a
TTL-compatible, 3-state output are intended for serial communications with a microprocessor or microcomputer. The
TLC1541 can complete conversions in a maximum of 21 µs, while complete input-conversion output cycles can be
repeated at a maximum of 31 µs.
The system and I/O clocks are normally used independently and do not require any special speed or phase
relationships between them. This independence simplifies the hardware and software control tasks for the device.
Once a clock signal within the specification range is applied to the SYSTEM CLOCK input, the control hardware and
software need only be concerned with addressing the desired analog channel, reading the previous conversion result,
and starting the conversion by using I/O CLOCK. SYSTEM CLOCK drives the conversion-crunching circuitry so that
the control hardware and software need not be concerned with this task.
When CS is high, DATA OUT is in a 3-state condition and ADDRESS INPUT and I/O CLOCK are disabled. This feature
allows each of these terminals, with the exception of the CS terminal, to share a control logic point with its counterpart
terminals on additional A/D devices when using additional TLC1541 devices. In this way, the above feature serves
to minimize the required control logic terminals when using multiple A/D devices.
The control sequence has been designed to minimize the time and effort required to initiate conversion and obtain
the conversion result. A normal control sequence is:
1. CS is brought low. To minimize errors caused by noise at the CS input, the internal circuitry waits for two
rising edges and then a falling edge of SYSTEM CLOCK after a low CS transition before recognizing the
low transition. This technique protects the device against noise when the device is used in a noisy
environment. The MSB of the previous conversion result automatically appears on DATA OUT.
2. A new positive-logic multiplexer address shifts in on the first four rising edges of I/O CLOCK. The MSB of
the address shifts in first. The negative edges of these four I/O clock pulses shift out the second, third, fourth,
and fifth most-significant bits of the previous conversion result. The on-chip sample-and-hold begins
sampling the newly addressed analog input after the fourth falling edge. The sampling operation basically
involves the charging of internal capacitors to the level of the analog input voltage.
3. Five clock cycles are then applied to the I/O CLOCK, and the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth
conversion bits shift out on the negative edges of these clock cycles.
4. The final tenth-clock cycle is applied to the I/O CLOCK. The falling edge of this clock cycle completes the
analog sampling process and initiates the hold function. Conversion is then performed during the next 44
system clock cycles. After this final I/O clock cycle, CS must go high or the I/O CLOCK must remain low
for at least 44 system-clock cycles to allow for the conversion function.
CS can be kept low during periods of multiple conversion. When keeping CS low during periods of multiple
conversion, special care must be exercised to prevent noise glitches on I/O CLOCK. When glitches occur on I/O
CLOCK, the I/O sequence between the microprocessor/controller and the device loses synchronization. Also, when
CS goes high, it must remain high until the end of the conversion. Otherwise, a valid falling edge of CS causes a reset
condition, which aborts the conversion in progress.
A new conversion may be started and the ongoing conversion simultaneously aborted by performing steps 1 through
4 before the 44 system-clock cycles occur. Such action yields the conversion result of the previous conversion and
not the ongoing conversion.
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9
TLC1541
10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
WITH SERIAL CONTROL AND 11 INPUTS
SLAS073C – DECEMBER 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1996
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
It is possible to connect SYSTEM CLOCK and I/O CLOCK together in special situations in which controlling-circuitry
points must be minimized. In this case, the following special points must be considered in addition to the requirements
of the normal control sequence previously described.
1. This device requires the first two clocks to recognize that CS is at a valid low level when the common clock
signal is used as an I/O CLOCK. When CS is recognized by the device to be at a high level, the common clock
signal is used for the conversion clock also.
2. A low CS must be recognized before the I/O CLOCK can shift in an analog channel address. The device
recognizes a CS transition when the SYSTEM CLOCK terminal receives two positive edges and then a
negative edge. For this reason, after a CS negative edge, the first two clock cycles do not shift in the address.
Also, upon shifting in the address, CS must be raised after the tenth valid (12 total) I/O CLOCK. Otherwise,
additional common-clock cycles are recognized as I/O CLOCK cycles and shift in an erroneous address.
For certain applications, such as strobing applications, it is necessary to start conversion at a specific point in time.
This device accommodates these applications. Although the on-chip sample-and-hold begins sampling upon the
negative edge of the fourth valid I/O CLOCK cycle, the hold function does not initiate until the negative edge of the
tenth valid I/O CLOCK cycle. Thus, the control circuitry can leave the I/O CLOCK signal in its high state during the
tenth valid I/O CLOCK cycle until the moment at which the analog signal must be converted. The TLC1541 continues
sampling the analog input until the eighth valid falling edge of the I/O CLOCK. The control circuitry or software then
immediately lowers the I/O CLOCK signal and holds the analog signal at the desired point in time and starts the
conversion.
10
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Copyright  1998, Texas Instruments Incorporated