U209B3/ U209B3–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Phase Control Circuit – Tacho Applications Description: The integrated circuit U209B3, is designed as a phase control circuit in bipolar technology. It has also protection circuit for the supply. Due to integration of many functions, it leads to significant cost and space saving as well as increased reliability. At the same time, it gives the designer free hand to select varieties of regulators to choose from and switching characteristics according to its choice. Features Internal frequency to voltage converter Triggering pulse typ. 155 mA Externally controlled integrated amplifier Internal supply voltage monitoring Automatic soft start with minimised ”dead time” Temperature compensated reference source Voltage and current synchronisation Current requirement ≤ 3 mA Retriggering Package: DIP14, SO16 14(16) 1(1) Voltage / Current detector Automatic retriggering Output pulse 4(4) 5(5) 10(10) + 9(9) 6(6) Control amplifier Phase control unit = f (V12) – 3(3) Supply voltage limitation Reference voltage 2(2) –VS GND 13(15) Voltage monitoring Soft start Frequency to voltage converter s 11(11) 12(12) 8(8) 7(7) 95 10691 Figure 1. Block diagram – SO 16 in bracket Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 Preliminary Information 1 (15) Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 R 10 56 k R31 100 k R9 47 k Preliminary Information Actual speed voltage C6 9 10 100 nF 2.2 F /16 V C9 R 11 100 k Set speed voltage R8 R6 68 k C7 2.2 F 16 V Control amplifier 2 M – + s R7 22 k 1 nF 220 nF 8 Frequency to voltage converter C5 C3 2.2 F 16 V 12 Soft start Phase control unit = f (V12) Automatic retriggering C8 R4 470 k 11 1 Voltage / Current detector 14 R3 220 k 7 R5 1k C4 220 nF Voltage monitoring Reference voltage Supply voltage limitation Output pulse 13 220 R10 C2 3.3 nF Speed sensor GND C 10 C1 M 2.2 F 16 V 22 F 25 V AEG TW11 N600 R1 18 k 2W R 2 680 k 2 –VS 3 6 5 4 95 10692 D1 BYT51J N VM = 230 V ~ L TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors U209B3/ U209B3–FP Figure 2. Block diagram with typical circuitry for speed regulation 3 (15) U209B3/U209B3–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Description Mains Supply The U209B is designed with voltage limiting and can therefore be supplied directly from the mains. The supply voltage between Pin 2 (+ pol/) and Pin 3 builds up across D1 and R1 and is smoothed by C1. The value of the series resistance can be approximated using (Figure 2): R1 = VM – Vs 2 IS Further information regarding the design of the mains supply can be found in the data sheets in the appendix. The reference voltage source on Pin 13 of typ. –8.9 V is derived from the supply voltage and represents the reference level of the control unit. Operation using an externally stabilised DC voltage is not recommended. If the supply cannot be taken directly from the mains because the power dissipation in R1 would be too large, then the circuit shown in the following Figure 3 should be employed. ~ U211B When the potential on Pin 6 reaches the nominal value predetermined at Pin 11, then a trigger pulse is generated whose width tp is determined by the value of C2 (the value of C2 and hence the pulse width can be evaluated by assuming 8 ms/nF. The current sensor on Pin 1 ensures that, for operation with inductive loads, no pulse will be generated in a new half cycle as long as current from the previous half cycle is still flowing in the opposite direction to the supply voltage at that instant. This makes sure that ”Gaps” in the load current are prevented. The control signal on Pin 11 can be in the range 0 V to –7 V (reference point Pin 2). If V11 = –7 V then the phase angle is at maximum = amax i. e. the current flow angle is a minimum. The minimum phase angle amin is when V11 = Vpin2. Voltage Monitoring As the voltage is built up, uncontrolled output pulses are avoided by internal voltage surveillance. At the same time, all of the latches in the circuit (phase control, soft start) are reset and the soft–start capacitor is short circuited. Used with a switching hysteresis of 300 mV, this system guarantees defined start–up behaviour each time the supply voltage is switched on or after short interruptions of the mains supply. Soft–Start 24 V~ 1 R1 2 3 4 5 C1 95 10362 Figure 3. Supply voltage for high current requirements Phase Control The function of the phase control is largely identical to that of the well known integrated circuit U211B. The phase angle of the trigger pulse is derived by comparing the ramp voltage, which is mains synchronised by the voltage detector, with the set value on the control input Pin 4. The slope of the ramp is determined by C2 and its charging current. The charging current can be varied using R2 on Pin 5. The maximum phase angle amax can also be adjusted using R2. 4 (15) As soon as the supply voltage builds up (t1), the integrated soft–start is initiated. The figure below shows the behaviour of the voltage across the soft–start capacitor and is identical with the voltage on the phase control input on Pin 11. This behaviour guarantees a gentle start–up for the motor and automatically ensures the optimum run–up time. C3 is first charged up to the starting voltage Vo with typically 30 mA current (t2). By then reducing the charging current to approx. 4 mA, the slope of the charging function is substantially reduced so that the rotational speed of the motor only slowly increases. The charging current then increases as the voltage across C3 increases giving a progressively rising charging function which more and more strongly accelerates the motor with increasing rotational speed. The charging function determines the acceleration up to the set–point. The charging current can have a maximum value of 50 mA. Preliminary Information Rev. A1: 31.09.1995 U209B3/ U209B3–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors 95 10272 VC3 V1 2 V0 The values of C5 and C6 must be such that for the highest possible input frequency, the maximum output voltage does V0 does not exceed 6 V. While C5 is charging up the Ri on Pin 8 is approx. 6 kΩ. To obtain good linearity of the f/V converter the time constant resulting from Ri and C5 should be considerably less (1/5) than the time span of the negative half cycle for the highest possible input frequency. The amount of remaining ripple on the output voltage on Pin 9 is dependent on C5, C6 and the internal charge amplification. ∆Vo = t t 1 The ripple ∆Vo can be reduced by using larger values of C6, however, the maximum conversion speed will than also be reduced. t t 3 2 Gi . Vch . C5 C6 ttot Figure 4. Soft–start The value of this capacitor should be chosen to fit the particular control loop where it is going to be used. Frequency to Voltage Converter Control Amplifier The internal frequency to voltage converter (f/V-converter) generates a DC signal on Pin 9 which is proportional to the rotational speed using an AC signal from a tacho–generator or a light beam whose frequency is in turn dependent on the rotational speed. The high impedance input with a switch–on threshold of typ. – 100 mV gives very reliable operation even when relatively simple tacho–generators are employed. The tacho-frequency is given by: The integrated control amplifier with differential input compares the set value (Pin 10) with the instantaneous value on Pin 9 and generates a regulating voltage on the output Pin 11 (together with external circuitry on Pin 12) which always tries to hold the real voltage at the value of the set voltages. The amplifier has a transmittance of typically 110 A/V and a bipolar current source output on Pin 11 which operates with typically ±100 A. The amplification and frequency response are determined by R7, C7, C8 and R8 (can be left out). For operation as a power divider, C4, C5, R6, C6, R7, C7, C8 and R8 can be left out. Pin 9 should be connected with Pin 11 and Pin 7 with Pin 2. The phase angle of the triggering pulse can be adjusted using the voltage on Pin 10. An internal limiting circuit prevents the voltage on Pin 11 from becoming more negative than V13 + 1 V. n f= 60 p[Hz] n = revolutions per minute p = number of pulses per revolution The converter is based on the charge pumping principle. With each negative half wave of the input signal, a quantity of charge determined by C5 is internally amplified and then integrated by C6 at the converter output on Pin 9. The conversion constant is determined by C5, its charging voltage of Vch, R6 (Pin 9) and the internally adjusted charge amplification Gi. k = Gi . C5 . R6 . Vch The pulse output stage is short circuit protected and can typically deliver currents of 125 mA. For the design of smaller triggering currents, the function IGT = f (RGT) has been given in the data sheets in the appendix. Automatic Retriggering The analog output voltage is given by = k . f. Vo whereas: Vch = 6.7 V Gi = 8.3 Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 Pulse Output Stage The automatic retriggering prevents half cycles without current flow, even if the triacs is turned off earlier e.g. due to not exactly centred collector (brush lifter) or in the event of unsuccessful triggering. If it is necessary, another triggering pulse is generated after a time lapse of tPP = 4.5 tP and this is repeated until either the triac fires or the half cycle finishes. Preliminary Information 5 (15) U209B3/U209B3–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors General Hints and Explanation of Terms To ensure safe and trouble–free operation, the following points should be taken into consideration when circuits are being constructed or in the design of printed circuit boards. The connecting lines from C2 to Pin 6 and Pin 2 should be as short as possible, and the connection to Pin 2 should not carry any additional high current such as the load current. When selecting C2, a low temperature coefficient is desirable. The common (earth) connections of the set–point generator, the tacho–generator and the final interference suppression capacitor C4 of the f/V converter should not carry load current. The tacho generator should be mounted without influence by strong stray fields from the motor. 95 10716 V Mains Supply p/2 p 3/2p 2p VGT Trigger Pulse tp tpp = 4.5 tp VL Load Voltage IL f Load Current F Figure 5. Explanation of terms in phase relationship Absolute Maximum Ratings Reference point Pin 2, unless otherwise specified Parameters Current requirement t ≤ 10 ms Synchronisation current t < 10 ms t < 10 ms f/V converter: Input current t < 10 ms Phase control: Input voltage Input current Soft–start: Input voltage Pulse output: Reverse voltage Amplifier Input voltage Pin 8 open Reference voltage source Output current Power dissipation Storage temperature range Junction temperature Ambient temperature range 6 (15) Symbol –IS –iS IsyncI IsyncV ±ii ±iv Value 30 100 5 5 35 35 Unit mA Ieff ±ii 3 13 mA –VI ±II 0 to 7 500 V mA Pin 12 –VI |V13| to 0 V Pin 4 VR VS to 5 V Pin 10 Pin 9 –VI –VI |VS| |V13| to 0 V Pin 13 Tamb = 45 °C Tamb = 80 °C Io Ptot 7.5 570 320 –40 to +125 125 –10 to +100 Pin 3 Pin 1 Pin 14 Pin 1 Pin 14 Pin 7 mA Pin 11 Tstg Tj Tamb Preliminary Information mA mW °C Rev. A1: 31.09.1995 U209B3/ U209B3–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Thermal Resistance Junction ambient Parameters DIP 14 SO 16: on p.c. board SO 16: on ceramic substrate Symbol RthJA Maximum 140 180 100 Unit K/W Electrical Characteristics –VS = 13.0 V, Tamb = 25 °C, reference point Pin 2, unless otherwise specified Parameters Supply voltage for mains operations Supply voltage limitation DC supply current Reference voltage source Temperature coefficient Voltage monitoring Turn–on threshold Turn–off threshold Phase control currents Current synchronisation Voltage synchronisation Voltage limitation Reference ramp, Figure 6 Charge current Rϕ – reference voltage Temperature coefficient Output pulse Output pulse current Reverse current Output pulse width Automatic retriggering Repetition rate Amplifier Common mode voltage range Input bias current Input offset voltage Output current Short circuit forward transmittance Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 Test Conditions / Pin Pin 3 –IS = 3 mA –IS = 30 mA –VS = 13.0 V –IL = 10 mA –IL = 5 mA ±IL = 5 mA Symbol –VS Min 13.0 Pin 3 –VS Pin 3 Pin 13 –IS VRef 14.6 14.7 1.1 8.6 8.3 Pin 13 Pin 3 TCVRef Pin 1 Pin 14 Pin 1, 14 –VTON –VTOFF 9.9 ±Isyncl ±IsyncV ±Vl 0.35 0.35 1.4 Typ 2.5 8.9 11.2 10.9 1.6 Max VLimit Unit V 16.6 16.8 3.0 9.2 9.1 0.5 V mA V mV/K 13 V V 2.0 2.0 1.8 mA mA V 20 mA I6 = f (R5), R5 = 1 K ... 820 kW Pin 6 a ≥ = 180 ° Pin 5,3 Pin 5 I6 1 Vϕ Ref TCϕ Ref 1.06 1.13 0.5 1.18 V mV/K RV = 0, VGT = 1.2 V Pin 4 Pin 4 Pin 5,2 IO IOR tp 100 155 0.01 8 190 3.0 mA mA ms/nF Pin 4 tpp/tp 3 4.5 6 Pin 9, 10 VICR (V13–1V) Pin 10 Pin 9, 10 Pin 11 Pin 11 Pin 11 IIB VIO –IO +IO Yf I11 = f (V9/10) 75 88 Preliminary Information 0.01 10 110 120 1000 (V2–1V) V 1 mA mV mA 145 165 mA/V 7 (15) U209B3/U209B3–FP Parameters Test Conditions / Pin Frequency to voltage converter Input bias current Pin 7 Input voltage limitation ±II = 1 mA Pin 7 Pin 7 Turn–on threshold Pin 7 Turn–off threshold Pin 7 Discharge current Figure 2 Pin 8 Charge transfer voltage Pin 8 Charge transfer gain I9 / I8 Pin 8/9 Conversion factor C8 = 1 nF, R9 = 100 k Operating range f/V output Ref. point Pin 13 Pin 9 Linearity Soft start Figures 7 to 11 Pin 12 f/v–converter non active Starting current V12 = V13, V7 = V2 Final current V12 = –0.5 V f/v–converter active Starting current V12 = V13 Final current V12 = –0.5 V Discharge current Restart pulse 8 (15) TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Symbol IIB +VI –VI –VTON –VTOFF Idis Vch Gi k VO Min Typ Max Unit 0.6 2 750 8.05 150 A mV V mV mV mA V 660 7.25 20 6.50 7.5 100 50 0.5 6.70 8.3 5.5 0–6 ±1 6.90 9.0 mV/Hz V % IO IO 20 50 30 85 50 130 A A IO IO –IO 2 30 0.5 4 55 3 6 80 10 A A mA Preliminary Information Rev. A1: 31.09.1995 U209B3/ U209B3–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors 240 10 Phase Control Reference Point Pin 2 8 10nF 4.7nF Soft Start 2.2nF V13 ( V ) Phase Angle a (° ) 200 160 120 6 4 Cf/t=1.5nF 80 2 f/V-Converter Non Active Reference Point Pin 16 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Rf ( MW ) 95 10302 t=f(C3) 95 10305 Figure 6. Figure 9. 100 10 Soft Start Soft Start 8 V13 ( V ) I13 ( mA ) 80 60 40 f/V-Converter Active Reference Point Pin 16 6 4 20 2 f/V-Converter Non Active Reference Point Pin 16 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 V13 ( V ) 95 10303 t=f(C3) 95 10306 Figure 7. Figure 10. Soft Start Soft Start 8 80 Reference Point Pin 16 V13 ( V ) f/V-Converter Active Reference Point Pin 16 I13 ( mA ) 95 10307 10 100 60 6 4 40 2 20 0 0 0 2 95 10304 4 6 8 10 V13 ( V ) Figure 8. Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 t=f(C3) Motor Standstill ( Dead Time ) Motor in Action Figure 11. Preliminary Information 9 (15) U209B3/U209B3–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors 500 6 Frequency to Voltage Converter 5 250 P(R1) ( W ) Mains Supply I8 ( A ) Reference Point Pin 2 0 4 3 2 –250 1 –500 –10 0 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 V8 ( V ) 95 10308 0 3 6 9 12 15 Itot ( mA ) 95 10317 Figure 12. Figure 15. 50 100 Control Amplifier 40 Mains Supply R 1 ( k ) I 12 ( A ) 50 0 30 20 –50 10 Reference Point Pin 16 –100 0 –300 –200 –100 0 100 200 300 V10–11 ( V ) 95 10309 0 4 Figure 13. Pulse Output 5 Mains Supply P(R1) ( W ) IGT ( mA ) 16 6 80 60 40 1.4V 4 3 2 VGT=0.8V 20 1 0 0 0 200 400 600 RGT ( ) 800 1000 0 95 10316 Figure 14. 10 (15) 12 Figure 16. 100 95 10313 8 Itot ( mA ) 95 10315 10 20 30 40 R1 ( k ) Figure 17. Preliminary Information Rev. A1: 31.09.1995 U209B3/ U209B3–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Applications R 33 kW 22 nF C L 5 C4 22 mF 10 V 100 kW R6 3 220 kW R3 14 D1 12 13 11 10 9 8 5 6 7 1N4004 U209B 95 10621 230 VX M R1 18 kW 1.5 W 1 R4 2 3 GND 4 –VS R2 470 kW N 470 kW Rö 3.3 nF C2 Cö /t C1 22 mF 25 V Figure 18. Phase control (power control) for electric tools Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 Preliminary Information 11 (15) 12 (15) 150 nF 250 V~ 230 V~ 95 10684 Preliminary Information AEG TW11N 180 W RL C1 R1 D1 R4 47 mF 25 V 470 kW 18 k W 1.5 W 1N4004 R2 220 k W 68 W R15 1 14 C3 22 nF 2 GND 13 C4 3 12 –VS 5 10 470 kW R2 4 U209B 11 10 mF 10 V C2 Rö C6 6 9 Cö/t 4.7 nF 100 nF R13 7 8 R8 R7 1.5 nF 47 k W C5 R10 56 k W 100 kW R11 R12 R9 R14 820 W NTC A34–2/306 15 kW 22 kW U209B3/U209B3–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Figure 19. Temperature controlled fan motor (220 Vac) Rev. A1: 31.09.1995 Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 230 V~ 95 10685 150 nF 250 V~ Preliminary Information AEG TW11N 180 W RL C1 R1 D1 47 mF 25 V 200 kW 8.2 k W 1.5 W R4 1N4004 R2 100 kW 68 W R15 1 14 C3 22 nF 2 13 GND C4 3 12 –VS 5 10 470 kW R2 4 U209B 11 10 10 V C2 Rö C6 6 9 Cö/t 4.7 nF 100 nF R 13 7 8 R8 R7 1.5 nF 47 k W C5 R10 56 k W 100 k W R11 R12 R9 R14 820 W NTC A34–2/306 15 kW 22 kW TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors U209B3/ U209B3–FP Figure 20. Temperature controlled fan motor (110 Vac) 13 (15) U209B3/U209B3–FP TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors Design Calculations for Mains Supply The following equations can be used for the evaluation of the series resistor R1 for worst case conditions: R1max = 0.85 P(R1max) = VMmin – VSmax 2 Itot (VMmax – VSmin)2 R1min = 0.85 VM – VSmin 2 ISmax 2 R1 where: VM VS Itot = Mains voltage 220 V = Supply voltage on Pin 4 = Total DC current requirement of the circuit = IS + Ip + Ix ISmax = Current requirement of the IC in mA = Average current requirement of the triggering pulse Ip = Current requirement of other peripheral components Ix R1 can be easily evaluated from diagram figure 16 and 17 Dimensions in mm 94 9445 94 8875 14 (15) Preliminary Information Rev. A1: 31.09.1995 TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors U209B3/ U209B3–FP Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement It is the policy of TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH to 1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances ( ODSs). The Montreal Protocol ( 1987) and its London Amendments ( 1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH semiconductor division has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents. 1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively 2 . Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) in the USA 3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C ( transitional substances ) respectively. TEMIC can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances. We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice. Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use TEMIC products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify TEMIC against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 ( 0 ) 7131 67 2831, Fax number: 49 ( 0 ) 7131 67 2423 Rev. A1: 01.09.1995 Preliminary Information 15 (15)