CS8221 Micropower 5.0 V, 100 mA Low Dropout Linear Regulator The CS8221 is a precision 5.0 V, 100 mA micropower voltage regulator with very low quiescent current (60 µA typical at 100 µA load). The 5.0 V output is accurate within ±2.0% and supplies 100 mA of load current with a maximum dropout voltage of only 600 mV. The regulator is protected against reverse battery, short circuit, overvoltage, and over temperature conditions. The device can withstand 74 V peak transients making it suitable for use in automotive environments. The CS8221 is pin for pin compatible with the LM2931. Features • Low Quiescent Current (60 µA @ 100 µA Load) • 5.0 V ±2.0% Output • 100 mA Output Current Capability • Internally Fused Leads in SO–8 Package • Fault Protection – +74 V Peak Transient Voltage – –15 V Reverse Voltage – Short Circuit – Thermal Shutdown http://onsemi.com SO–8 DF SUFFIX CASE 751 8 1 12 D2PAK 3–PIN DP SUFFIX CASE 418E 3 PIN CONNECTIONS AND MARKING INDIAGRAM VOUT SO–8 1 8221 ALYW GND GND 8 NC VIN GND GND NC D2PAK CS8221 AWLYWW Tab = GND Pin 1. VIN 2. GND 3. VOUT 1 A WL, L YY, Y WW, W = Assembly Location = Wafer Lot = Year = Work Week ORDERING INFORMATION* Device Package Shipping CS8221YDF8 SO–8 95 Units/Rail SO–8 2500 Tape & Reel CS8221YDFR8 CS8221YDP3 D2PAK, 3–PIN 50 Units/Rail CS8221YDPR3 D2PAK, 3–PIN 750 Tape & Reel *Contact your local sales representative for TO–92 package option. Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2001 March, 2001 – Rev. 5 1 Publication Order Number: CS8221/D CS8221 VOUT VIN Current Source (Circuit Bias) Over Voltage Shutdown Current Limit Sense + – Error Amplifier Thermal Protection GND Bandgap Reference Figure 1. Block Diagram ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Rating Value Unit Junction Temperature Range, TJ –40 to +150 °C Storage Temperature Range, TSTORAGE –55 to +150 °C Internally Limited – –15, 74 V –0.5 to 26 V Internally Limited – 2.0 kV 230 peak °C Power Dissipation Peak Transient Voltage (60 V Load Dump @ VIN = 14 V) Input Operating Range Output Current Electrostatic Discharge (Human Body Model) Lead Temperature Soldering: Reflow (Note 1.) 1. 60 seconds maximum above 183°. *The maximum package power dissipation must be observed. http://onsemi.com 2 CS8221 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (6.0 ≤ VIN ≤ 26 V, IOUT = 1.0 mA, –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C unless otherwise noted.) Characteristic Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Output Voltage, VOUT 9.0 V < VIN < 26 V, 100 µA ≤ IOUT ≤ 100 mA 6.0 V ≤ VIN ≤ 26 V, 100 µA ≤ IOUT ≤ 100 mA 4.9 4.85 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.15 V V Dropout Voltage (VIN – VOUT) IOUT = 100 mA IOUT = 100 µA – – 400 100 600 150 mV mV Load Regulation VIN = 14 V, 100 µA ≤ IOUT ≤ 100 mA, – 5.0 50 mV Line Regulation 6.0 V < V < 26 V, IOUT = 1.0 mA – 5.0 50 mV Quiescent Current, (IQ) IOUT = 100 µA, VIN = 6.0 V IOUT = 50 mA IOUT = 100 mA – – – 60 4.0 12 120 6.0 20 µA mA mA Ripple Rejection 7.0 ≤ VIN ≤ 17 V, IOUT = 100 mA, f = 120 Hz 60 75 – dB – 125 200 – mA 40 125 – µA 150 180 – °C 30 34 38 V Output Stage Current Limit Short Circuit Output Current VOUT = 0 V Thermal Shutdown (Note 2.) Overvoltage Shutdown – VOUT ≤ 1.0 V 2. This parameter is guaranteed by design, but not parametrically tested in production. PACKAGE LEAD DESCRIPTION PACKAGE LEAD # SO–8 D2PAK LEAD SYMBOL 1 3 VOUT 5.0 V, ±2.0%, 100 mA Output. 2, 3, 6, 7 2 GND Ground. 4 – NC No Connection. 5 – NC No Connection. 8 1 VIN Input Voltage. FUNCTION http://onsemi.com 3 CS8221 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION VOLTAGE REFERENCE AND OUTPUT CIRCUITRY Should the junction temperature of the power device exceed 180°C (typ) the power transistor is turned off. Thermal shutdown is an effective means to prevent die overheating since the power transistor is the principle heat source in the IC. Output Stage Protection The output stage is protected against overvoltage, short circuit and thermal runaway conditions (Figure 2). > 30 V VOUT VIN C1 * 0.1 µF VIN CS8221 C2** 10 µF VOUT GND IOUT Load Dump Short Circuit *C1 is required if regulator is far from the power source filter. Thermal Shutdown **C2 is required for stability. Figure 2. Typical Circuit Waveforms for Output Stage Protection Figure 3. Application and Test Diagram If the input voltage rises above 30 V, the output shuts down. This response protects the internal circuitry and enables the IC to survive unexpected voltage transients. APPLICATION NOTES STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS Step 2: With the input voltage at its maximum value, increase the load current slowly from zero to full load while observing the output for any oscillations. If no oscillations are observed, the capacitor is large enough to ensure a stable design under steady state conditions. Step 3: Increase the ESR of the capacitor from zero using the decade box and vary the load current until oscillations appear. Record the values of load current and ESR that cause the greatest oscillation. This represents the worst case load conditions for the regulator at low temperature. Step 4: Maintain the worst case load conditions set in step 3 and vary the input voltage until the oscillations increase. This point represents the worst case input voltage conditions. Step 5: If the capacitor is adequate, repeat steps 3 and 4 with the next smaller valued capacitor. A smaller capacitor will usually cost less and occupy less board space. If the output oscillates within the range of expected operating conditions, repeat steps 3 and 4 with the next larger standard capacitor value. Step 6: Test the load transient response by switching in various loads at several frequencies to simulate its real working environment. Vary the ESR to reduce ringing. Step 7: Increase the temperature to your highest operating temperature. Vary the load current as instructed in step 5 to test for any oscillations. The output or compensation capacitor helps determine three main characteristics of a linear regulator: start–up delay, load transient response and loop stability. The capacitor value and type should be based on cost, availability, size and temperature constraints. A tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor is best, since a film or ceramic capacitor with almost zero ESR can cause instability. The aluminum electrolytic capacitor is the least expensive solution, but, if the circuit operates at low temperatures (–25°C to –40°C), both the value and ESR of the capacitor will vary considerably. The capacitor manufacturers data sheet usually provides this information. The value for the output capacitor COUT shown in Figure 3 should work for most applications, however it is not necessarily the optimized solution. To determine an acceptable value for COUT for a particular application, start with a tantalum capacitor of the recommended value and work towards a less expensive alternative part. Step 1: Place the completed circuit with a tantalum capacitor of the recommended value in an environmental chamber at the lowest specified operating temperature and monitor the outputs with an oscilloscope. A decade box connected in series with the capacitor will simulate the higher ESR of an aluminum capacitor. Leave the decade box outside the chamber, the small resistance added by the longer leads is negligible. http://onsemi.com 4 CS8221 HEAT SINKS Once the minimum capacitor value with the maximum ESR is found, a safety factor should be added to allow for the tolerance of the capacitor and any variations in regulator performance. Most good quality aluminum electrolytic capacitors have a tolerance of ± 20% so the minimum value found should be increased by at least 50% to allow for this tolerance plus the variation which will occur at low temperatures. The ESR of the capacitor should be less than 50% of the maximum allowable ESR found in step 3 above. A heat sink effectively increases the surface area of the package to improve the flow of heat away from the IC and into the surrounding air. Each material in the heat flow path between the IC and the outside environment will have a thermal resistance. Like series electrical resistances, these resistances are summed to determine the value of RΘJA. RJA RJC RCS RSA CALCULATING POWER DISSIPATION IN A SINGLE OUTPUT LINEAR REGULATOR The maximum power dissipation for a single output regulator (Figure 4) is: PD(max) VIN(max) VOUT(min)IOUT(max) VIN(max)IQ (1) where: VIN(max) is the maximum input voltage, VOUT(min) is the minimum output voltage, IOUT(max) is the maximum output current for the application, and IQ is the quiescent current the regulator consumes at IOUT(max). Once the value of PD(max) is known, the maximum permissible value of RΘJA can be calculated: RJA 150°C TA PD (2) The value of RΘJA can then be compared with those in the package section of the data sheet. Those packages with RΘJA’s less than the calculated value in equation 2 will keep the die temperature below 150°C. In some cases, none of the packages will be sufficient to dissipate the heat generated by the IC, and an external heatsink will be required. IIN IOUT VIN (3) where: RΘJC = the junction–to–case thermal resistance, RΘCS = the case–to–heatsink thermal resistance, and RΘSA = the heatsink–to–ambient thermal resistance. RΘJC appears in the package section of the data sheet. Like RΘJA, it too is a function of package type. RΘCS and RΘSA are functions of the package type, heatsink and the interface between them. These values appear in heat sink data sheets of heat sink manufacturers. VOUT CS8221 IQ Figure 4. Single Output Regulator With Key Performance Parameters Labeled http://onsemi.com 5 CS8221 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS SO–8 DF SUFFIX CASE 751–07 ISSUE W –X– NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER. 3. DIMENSION A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006) PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. A 8 5 0.25 (0.010) S B 1 M Y M 4 K –Y– G C N DIM A B C D G H J K M N S X 45 SEATING PLANE –Z– 0.10 (0.004) H M D 0.25 (0.010) Z Y M X S J S MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 4.80 5.00 3.80 4.00 1.35 1.75 0.33 0.51 1.27 BSC 0.10 0.25 0.19 0.25 0.40 1.27 0 8 0.25 0.50 5.80 6.20 INCHES MIN MAX 0.189 0.197 0.150 0.157 0.053 0.069 0.013 0.020 0.050 BSC 0.004 0.010 0.007 0.010 0.016 0.050 0 8 0.010 0.020 0.228 0.244 D2PAK 3–PIN DP SUFFIX CASE 418E–01 ISSUE O –T– SEATING PLANE B M NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. C E 4 DIM A B C D E F G H J K L M N A 1 2 3 K F G D 0.13 (0.005) M 3 PL T B H L INCHES MIN MAX 0.326 0.336 0.396 0.406 0.170 0.180 0.026 0.036 0.045 0.055 0.090 0.110 0.100 BSC 0.098 0.108 0.018 0.025 0.204 0.214 0.045 0.055 0.055 0.066 0.000 0.004 J M PACKAGE THERMAL DATA SO–8 Parameter D2PAK, 3–PIN Unit RΘJC Typical 25 4.2 °C/W RΘJA Typical 110 10–50* °C/W * Depending on thermal properties of substrate. RθJA = RθJC = RθCA http://onsemi.com 6 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 8.28 8.53 10.05 10.31 4.31 4.57 0.66 0.91 1.14 1.40 2.29 2.79 2.54 BSC 2.49 2.74 0.46 0.64 5.18 5.44 1.14 1.40 1.40 1.68 0.00 0.10 CS8221 Notes http://onsemi.com 7 CS8221 SMART REGULATOR is a registered trademark of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. 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