INTEGRATED CIRCUITS DATA SHEET PCD4440T Analog voice scrambler/descrambler Product specification Supersedes data of October 1992 File under Integrated Circuits, IC03 1996 Dec 20 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler CONTENTS 1 FEATURES 2 APPLICATIONS 3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 6 PINNING INFORMATION 6.1 6.2 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 Pinning Pin description Scrambling Power supply (VDD, VSS) Oscillator (OSCI) Splitting frequency and mode selection Serial clock input (SCL), Serial data input (SDA) Address input (A0) I2C-bus data configuration Signal input (IN), Signal output (OUT) 8 I2C BUS INTERFACE 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Bit transfer Start and stop conditions System configuration Acknowledge Timing specifications 9 APPLICATIONS 10 HANDLING 11 LIMITING VALUES 12 CHARACTERISTICS 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Introduction Reflow soldering Wave soldering Repairing soldered joints 15 DEFINITIONS+ 16 LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS 17 PURCHASE OF PHILIPS I2C COMPONENTS 1996 Dec 20 2 PCD4440T Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler 1 PCD4440T 2 FEATURES APPLICATIONS • Scrambler or descrambler function • Cordless telephones • Scrambling in frequency domain • Security telephones • Selectable split frequency (up to 10 selections per second) • Portable phones • Private Mobile Radio (PMR). • Telephony-band filtering included • No increase in bandwidth 3 • No external components required GENERAL DESCRIPTION The PCD4440T is a silicon gate CMOS integrated circuit intended to be used in cordless telephony, radio, and line telecommunications products utilizing a microcontroller for the control functions. The purpose of the device is to prevent unauthorized ‘listening-in’ on conversations. A major application is protection of the vulnerable radio link between a CT0 type cordless handset and its base unit. Analog scrambling/descrambling is based on the split frequency method realized in a sophisticated switched-capacitor technology. The PCD4440T is compatible with most microcontrollers and communicates via a two line bidirectional I2C-bus. • Small signal delay • Insensitive to distortion and group delay of transmission channel • Control via serial I2C-bus • Low transfer loss of speech • Mute option • Transparent mode • High signal input impedance • Low signal output impedance • Low power consumption. 4 ORDERING INFORMATION PACKAGE TYPE NUMBER NAME PCD4440T SO8 1996 Dec 20 DESCRIPTION plastic small outline package; 8 leads; body width 7.5 mm 3 VERSION SOT176-1 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler 5 PCD4440T BLOCK DIAGRAM handbook, full pagewidth clocks LPF IN 4 LPF PCD4440T LPF LPF I2C-bus INTERFACE mute 1 2 SCL SDA CONTROL LOGIC 8 A0 Fig.1 Block diagram. 1996 Dec 20 OUT LPF transparent BIAS GEN 5 LPF 4 7 6 3 OSCI VDD VSS MGG729 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler 6 PCD4440T PINNING INFORMATION 6.1 7.1 The PCD4440Taccomplishes this task by first filtering the incoming signal, limiting the bandwidth to 3500 Hz. Then the signal is split into a high (> fs) and a low (< fs) frequency band. Both frequency bands are inverted and added again to provide a single output signal. Values for 9 split frequencies fS can be controlled by a scramble code table in the microcontroller. Control of these split frequencies is accomplished via the serial two-wire I2C-bus. In addition to the split frequencies (fs), a transparent mode and mute instruction can be selected (see Table 1). Pinning handbook, halfpage SCL 1 8 A0 SDA 2 7 OSCI PCD4440T VSS 3 6 VDD IN 4 5 OUT Scrambling MGG728 Figure 3 shows the signal path for both bands. The lower band path (on the left side of the diagram) operates on frequencies f ≤ fs (Split Frequency), the upper band path (on the right side) on frequencies f ≥ fs. Fig.2 Pin configuration. 6.2 SYMBOL PIN TYPE SCL 1 I serial clock line (I2C-bus) SDA 2 I serial data line (I2C-bus) VSS 3 P negative Supply IN 4 I signal input OUT 5 O signal output VDD 6 P positive supply OSCI 7 I oscillator input A0 8 I slave address input (I2C-bus) 7 The input signal contains frequencies from f1 up to f2. In scrambling mode, the output signal is band limited from fl (300 Hz) to fh (3500 Hz). In the left path, the input signal is first limited to fs. The following modulator inverts the lower band. fl is folded up to fs, fs down to fl. In general, an input frequency fin is folded to fout = fs + fl − fin. Finally the folded signal is band limited to fs again. Pin description DESCRIPTION In the right path, the input signal is first limited to fh. The following modulator inverts the upper band. fs is folded up to fh, fh down to fs. In general, an input frequency fin is folded to fout = fs + fh − fin. Finally, the folded signal is band limited to fh again. In the last step, the bands are added and buffered. Because of the symmetry of the scrambling process, descrambling is achieved by passing the signal through another PCD4440T. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION To provide privacy for the end user of a cordless telephone set, the radio-link audio signal must be scrambled. In the microphone of the handset and the incoming telephone line audio path of the base unit a scrambler circuit has to be implemented. Consequently the audio signal to the telephone line and to the earpiece must be descrambled. Both functions can be fulfilled by the PCD4440T by simply inserting it in the audio path. 1996 Dec 20 In the transparent mode, the input signal is band limited to 3500 Hz. Frequencies from 0 to 300 Hz are not filtered out. 5 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler PCD4440T A handbook, full pagewidth a b 0 f1 fl c d fs e f fh f2 f LPF 1a LPF 2a A A a b 0 f1 fl c a b fs 0 f1 fl f fm1 = fl + fs A c 0 f1 fl c d ab c fs fs fh f2 f e d c ba ab fh f2 fm2 = fh + fs A ba e 0 f1 fl f fs LPF 1b A c 0 f1 fl b e fs f 0 f1 fl fs d fh A c 0 f1 fl b e fs d fh f2 f MGG730 Fig.3 Scrambler signal path. 1996 Dec 20 6 f2 e f LPF 2b A cd f Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler 7.2 PCD4440T Power supply (VDD, VSS) 7.4 Table 1 shows the input codes required to select the various splitting frequencies, and the mute, transparent and scramble/descramble modes. The codes form part of the serial I2C-bus message input on the SDA line from the microcontroller. The positive supply of the circuit (VDD) must meet the voltage requirement as indicated in the characteristics. To avoid undefined states of the device at power-on, an internal reset circuit clears the logic. The power-on reset has the highest priority; it blocks and resets the complete circuit. 7.3 Splitting frequency and mode selection Oscillator (OSCI) The time base for the PCD4440T is a 3.58 MHz input signal which can be derived from the oscillator output (OSCO) of Philips microcontroller families PCD33xxA or PCF84CxxxA. Figure 4 shows the OSCI connection. handbook, full pagewidth 27 pF PCD33xxA PCF84CxxxA OSCO MICROCONTROLLER OSCI PCD4440T MGG731 3.58 MHz Fig.4 OSCI (oscillator input) connection. Table 1 Input data codes for splitting frequency and mode selection; note 1 D3 D2 D1 D0 HEX fs(2) (Hz) APPLICATION 0 0 0 1 01 Mute mode − 0 0 1 0 02 Select fs 2641 0 0 1 1 03 Select fs 1853 0 1 0 0 04 Select fs 1507 0 1 0 1 05 Select fs 1279 0 1 1 0 06 Select fs 1117 0 1 1 1 07 Select fs 1018 1 0 0 0 08 Select fs 899 1 0 0 1 09 Select fs 837 1 0 1 0 0A Select fs 767 1 0 1 1 0B Transparent mode − 1 1 1 1 0F Start scramble/descramble mode − Notes 1. Input codes other than shown in the table are not allowed. 2. Oscillator frequency = 3.58 MHz. 1996 Dec 20 7 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler 7.5 PCD4440T Serial clock input (SCL), Serial data input (SDA) I2C-bus data configuration 7.7 SCL and SDA are serial clock and data lines which conform to the I2C-bus specification. Both inputs must be pulled up externally to VDD through resistors of approximately 10 kΩ. The PCD4440T is always a slave receiver in the I2C-bus configuration (the R/W bit = 0). The slave address consists of 7 bits, where the least significant is set by the input on A0. The more significant bits are fixed internally, as shown in Fig.5. For definition of D0-D4, see Table 1. 7.6 7.8 Address input (A0) A0 is the slave address input and is used to set one bit of the slave address, so as to identify one of two PCD4440T devices connected to the same I2C-bus. Whether another PCD4440T is connected to the bus or not, A0 must be connected to VDD or VSS. The remaining bits of the slave address are fixed internally. Signal input (IN), Signal output (OUT) Signal input for the scrambler/descrambler is coupled into a ‘Sallen and Key’ anti-aliasing filter configuration. A DC bias voltage of 1⁄2VDD is built-in. The analog signal output is buffered to achieve a relatively low output impedance of roughly 1 kΩ which is sufficient to drive the earpiece amplifier or similar applications. acknowledge handbook, full pagewidth MSB S 1 acknowledge R/W 1 0 1 1 1 A0 0 A 0 0 0 slave address D3 D2 D1 D0 A P data internal STROBE MGG732 Fig.5 I2C-bus data format. 1996 Dec 20 0 8 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler 8 PCD4440T I2C BUS INTERFACE The I2C-bus is for two-way communication between different ICs or modules. It uses only two lines, a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL), both of which are bi-directional. Both lines must be connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor when connected to the output stages of a device. Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy. 8.1 Bit transfer (see Fig.6) One data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. The data on the SDA line must remain stable during the HIGH period of the clock pulse as changes in the data line at this time will be interpreted as control signals. SDA SCL change of data allowed data line stable; data valid MBC621 Fig.6 Bit transfer. 8.2 Start and stop conditions (see Fig.7) Both data and clock lines remain HIGH when the bus is not busy. A HIGH-to-LOW transition of the data line, while the clock is HIGH is defined as the start condition (S). A LOW-to-HIGH transition of the data line while the clock is HIGH is defined as the stop condition (P). SDA SDA SCL SCL S P START condition STOP condition Fig.7 Start and stop conditions. 1996 Dec 20 9 MBC622 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler 8.3 PCD4440T System configuration (see Fig.8) A device generating a message is a ‘transmitter’, a device receiving a message is the ‘receiver’. The device that controls message transfer is the ‘master’ and the devices that are controlled by the master are the ‘slaves’. SDA SCL MASTER TRANSMITTER / RECEIVER SLAVE TRANSMITTER / RECEIVER SLAVE RECEIVER MASTER TRANSMITTER / RECEIVER MASTER TRANSMITTER MBA605 Fig.8 System configuration. 8.4 Acknowledge (see Fig.9) The number of data bytes transferred between the start and stop conditions from transmitter to receiver is not limited. Each byte of eight bits is followed by one acknowledge bit. The acknowledge bit is a HIGH level put on the bus by the transmitter whereas the master generates an extra acknowledge after the reception of each byte. Also a master must generate an acknowledge after reception of each byte that has been clocked out of the slave transmitter. The device that acknowledges has to pull down the SDA line during the acknowledge-related clock pulse. Set-up and hold times must be taken into account to ensure that the SDA line is stable LOW during the whole high period of the acknowledge-related clock pulse. A master receiver must signal an end of data to the transmitter by not generating an acknowledge on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. In this event the transmitter must leave the data line HIGH to enable the master to generate the stop condition. DATA OUTPUT BY TRANSMITTER not acknowledge DATA OUTPUT BY RECEIVER acknowledge SCL FROM MASTER 1 2 8 9 S START CONDITION MBC602 Fig.9 Acknowledgment on the I2C-bus. 1996 Dec 20 10 clock pulse for acknowledgement Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler 8.5 PCD4440T Timing specifications The PCD4440T accepts data input from a microcontroller and operates as a ‘slave receiver’ via the I2C-bus. It supports the ‘standard’ mode of the I2C-bus, but not the ‘fast’ mode detailed in “The I2C-bus and how to use it” document order no. 9398 393 40011. The timing requirement are as follows: Masters generate a bus clock with a maximum frequency of 100 kHz. Detailed timing is shown in Fig. 10, where the two signal levels are LOW = VIL and HIGH = VIH, see Chapter 12. The time symbols are explained in Table 2. Figure 11 shows a complete data transfer. handbook, full pagewidth SDA t LOW t BUF tf SCL t HD;STA tr t HD;DAT t HIGH t SU;DAT SDA MBC764 t SU;STA t SU;STO Fig.10 Standard mode timing. handbook, full pagewidth SDA SCL 1-7 8 START ADDRESS CONDITION R/W 9 ACK 1-7 8 DATA 9 ACK 1-7 START ADDRESS CONDITION Clock LOW minimum = 4.7 µs; clock HIGH minimum = 4 µs. The dashed line is the acknowledgment of the receiver. Mark-to-space ratio = 1 : 1 (LOW-to-HIGH). Maximum number of bytes is unrestricted. Premature termination of transfer is allowed by generation of STOP condition. Acknowledge clock bit must be provided by master. Fig.11 Complete data transfer in standard mode. 1996 Dec 20 11 8 9 R/W ACK STOP MBC765 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler Table 2 PCD4440T Explanation of time symbols used in Fig.10 SYMBOL PARAMETER DESCRIPTION MIN. MAX. UNITS fSCL SCL clock frequency 0 100 kHz tSW tolerable pulse spike width − 100 ns tBUF bus free time The time that the bus is free (SDA is HIGH) before a new transmission is initiated by SDA going LOW. 4.7 − µs tSU;STA set-up time repeated START Only valid for repeated start code. 4.7 − µs tHD;STA hold time START condition The time between SDA going LOW and the first valid negative-going transition of SCL. 4.0 − µs tLOW SCL LOW time The LOW period of the SCL clock. 4.7 − µs tHIGH SCL HIGH time The HIGH period of the SCL clock. 4.0 − µs tr rise time SDA and SCL − 1.0 µs tf fall time SDA and SCL − 0.3 µs tSU;DAT data set-up time 250 − ns tHD;DAT data hold time 0 − ns tSU;STO set-up time STOP condition 4.0 − µs 1996 Dec 20 12 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler 9 PCD4440T APPLICATIONS handbook, full pagewidth LCD DISPLAY LCD DRIVER antenna I2C-bus mod data out power down RX KEYPAD power down TX RSSI RF SECTION MICROCONTROLLER PCD33xxA A/D CONVERTER RX DETECTOR data in TX VREF DESCRAMBLER PCD4440T EXPANDOR 1/2 NE577 SCRAMBLER PCD4440T COMPRESSOR 1/2 NE577 MGG733 Fig.12 CT0 handset with direct (Manchester code) data system. 1996 Dec 20 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 * 0 # Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler PCD4440T antenna handbook, full pagewidth I2C-bus mod data out power down RX power down TX RSSI RF SECTION A/D CONVERTER RX MICROCONTROLLER PCD33xxA DETECTOR data in CHARGING CIRCUIT TX DTMF VREF DESCRAMBLER PCD4440T EXPANDOR 1/2 NE577 SCRAMBLER PCD4440T COMPRESSOR 1/2 NE577 LINE INTERFACE TEA106x telephone line MGG734 Fig.13 CT0 base unit with direct (Manchester code) data system. 10 HANDLING Inputs and outputs are protected against electrostatic discharge in normal handling. However, it is good practice to take normal precautions appropriate to handling MOS devices (see “Handbook IC03, Section General, Handling MOS devices”). 1996 Dec 20 14 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler PCD4440T 11 LIMITING VALUES In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. MAX. UNIT VDD supply voltage −0.3 +7.0 V VI all input voltages −0.8 VDD + 0.8 V II DC input current −10 +10 mA IO DC output current −20 +20 mA Ptot total power dissipation − 300 mW PO power dissipation per output − 50 mW Tstg storage temperature −65 +150 °C Tamb operating ambient temperature −25 +70 °C 12 CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 5.0 V; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = 25 °C; all voltages with respect to VSS; fxtal = 3.579 MHz unless otherwise specified. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT Supply VDD operating supply voltage IDD supply current 2.8 − 6.0 V mute mode VDD = 3 V − 2.2 − mA operating mode VDD = 3 V − 13 − mA − Inputs/Outputs: AO, SDA, SCL VIL LOW level input voltage 0 0.3VDD V VIH HIGH level input voltage 0.7VDD − VDD V Ci input capacitance − − 7 pF IOL SDA output current LOW 3.0 − − mA − 0.5VDD − VOL = 0.4 V Signal input: IN VDC DC voltage level Vi(P-P) allowed amplitude |Zi| input impedance V − 1.25 VDD − 1 V frequency = 1 kHz − 120 − kΩ Signal output: OUT VDC DC voltage level − 0.5VDD − V |Zo| output impedance frequency = 1 kHz − − 1 kΩ UFS unwanted frequency suppression Vi(P-P) = 1.25 V; fS = 767 or 2461 Hz; fin = 1 kHz; VDD = 3 V or 5 V 35 40 − dB Vo/Vi transfer loss transparent mode − 3.5 − dB operating mode − 0 − dB Oscillator frequency input: OSCI VDC DC voltage level − 0.5VDD − V VIL LOW level input voltage 0 − 0.3VDD V VIH HIGH level input voltage 0.7VDD − VDD V 1996 Dec 20 15 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler PCD4440T 13 PACKAGE OUTLINE SO8: plastic small outline package; 8 leads; body width 7.5 mm SOT176-1 D E A X c y HE v M A Z 8 5 Q A2 A (A 3) A1 pin 1 index θ Lp L 1 4 e detail X w M bp 0 5 10 mm scale DIMENSIONS (inch dimensions are derived from the original mm dimensions) UNIT A max. A1 A2 A3 bp c D (1) E (1) e HE L Lp Q v w y Z (1) mm 2.65 0.3 0.1 2.45 2.25 0.25 0.49 0.36 0.32 0.23 7.65 7.45 7.6 7.4 1.27 10.65 10.00 1.45 1.1 0.45 1.1 1.0 0.25 0.25 0.1 2.0 1.8 0.012 0.096 0.004 0.089 0.01 0.019 0.013 0.014 0.009 0.30 0.29 0.30 0.29 0.050 0.42 0.39 0.057 0.043 0.018 0.043 0.039 0.01 0.01 0.004 0.079 0.071 inches 0.10 θ Note 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.15 mm maximum per side are not included. OUTLINE VERSION REFERENCES IEC JEDEC EIAJ ISSUE DATE 91-08-13 95-02-25 SOT176-1 1996 Dec 20 EUROPEAN PROJECTION 16 o 8 0o Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler PCD4440T During placement and before soldering, the package must be fixed with a droplet of adhesive. The adhesive can be applied by screen printing, pin transfer or syringe dispensing. The package can be soldered after the adhesive is cured. 14 SOLDERING 14.1 Introduction There is no soldering method that is ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and surface mounted components are mixed on one printed-circuit board. However, wave soldering is not always suitable for surface mounted ICs, or for printed-circuits with high population densities. In these situations reflow soldering is often used. Maximum permissible solder temperature is 260 °C, and maximum duration of package immersion in solder is 10 seconds, if cooled to less than 150 °C within 6 seconds. Typical dwell time is 4 seconds at 250 °C. A mildly-activated flux will eliminate the need for removal of corrosive residues in most applications. This text gives a very brief insight to a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in our “IC Package Databook” (order code 9398 652 90011). 14.2 14.4 Fix the component by first soldering two diagonallyopposite end leads. Use only a low voltage soldering iron (less than 24 V) applied to the flat part of the lead. Contact time must be limited to 10 seconds at up to 300 °C. When using a dedicated tool, all other leads can be soldered in one operation within 2 to 5 seconds between 270 and 320 °C. Reflow soldering Reflow soldering techniques are suitable for all SO packages. Reflow soldering requires solder paste (a suspension of fine solder particles, flux and binding agent) to be applied to the printed-circuit board by screen printing, stencilling or pressure-syringe dispensing before package placement. Several techniques exist for reflowing; for example, thermal conduction by heated belt. Dwell times vary between 50 and 300 seconds depending on heating method. Typical reflow temperatures range from 215 to 250 °C. Preheating is necessary to dry the paste and evaporate the binding agent. Preheating duration: 45 minutes at 45 °C. 14.3 Wave soldering Wave soldering techniques can be used for all SO packages if the following conditions are observed: • A double-wave (a turbulent wave with high upward pressure followed by a smooth laminar wave) soldering technique should be used. • The longitudinal axis of the package footprint must be parallel to the solder flow. • The package footprint must incorporate solder thieves at the downstream end. 1996 Dec 20 Repairing soldered joints 17 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler PCD4440T 15 DEFINITIONS Data sheet status Objective specification This data sheet contains target or goal specifications for product development. Preliminary specification This data sheet contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published later. Product specification This data sheet contains final product specifications. Limiting values Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information Where application information is given, it is advisory and does not form part of the specification. 16 LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. 17 PURCHASE OF PHILIPS I2C COMPONENTS Purchase of Philips I2C components conveys a license under the Philips’ I2C patent to use the components in the I2C system provided the system conforms to the I2C specification defined by Philips. This specification can be ordered using the code 9398 393 40011. 1996 Dec 20 18 Philips Semiconductors Product specification Analog voice scrambler/descrambler PCD4440T NOTES 1996 Dec 20 19 Philips Semiconductors – a worldwide company Argentina: see South America Australia: 34 Waterloo Road, NORTH RYDE, NSW 2113, Tel. +61 2 9805 4455, Fax. +61 2 9805 4466 Austria: Computerstr. 6, A-1101 WIEN, P.O. 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The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Printed in The Netherlands 417021/1200/02/pp20 Date of release: 1996 Dec 20 Document order number: 9397 750 01604