GENERAL-PURPOSE HIGH-FREQUENCY WIDEBAND AMPLIFIERS µPC1675G, µPC1676G, µPC1688G 1. GENERAL The µPC1675G, µPC1676G and µPC1688G are silicon monolithic ICs developed as general-purpose high- frequency wideband amplifiers. These ICs are based on the µPC1651G packaged in a 4-pin disc mold. The present ICs are each packaged in a 4-pin mini-mold suitable for surface mounting on higher density print board. (the µPC1651G has been discontinued). The features of these amplifier ICs are: <1> The 4-pin mini-mold package as shown in Figure 1 substantially reduces the mounting area. <2> The ICs are supplied on an embossed tape conforming to EIAJ’s “Taping Dimensions of Electronic Components (RC-1009)”. This embossed tape is 8 mm wide, and suits automatic mounting. <3> The following three models are available, classified by power gain. µPC1675G: GP = 12 dB TYP., NF = 5.5 dB TYP. (@f = 500 MHz) µPC1676G: GP = 22 dB TYP., NF = 4.5 dB TYP. (@f = 500 MHz) µPC1688G: GP = 21 dB TYP., NF = 4.0 dB TYP. (@f = 500 MHz) <4> All the models can operate at high frequency and in wide band. µPC1675G: 1900 MHz TYP. µPC1676G: 1200 MHz TYP. µPC1688G: 1100 MHz TYP. frequency point of –3 dB gain from flat gain <5> Input/output matched to ZO = 50 Ω. <6> Single power source (VCC = 5 V TYP.) Figure 1. Package (unit: mm) Figure 2. Internal Equivalent Circuit +0.2 +0.1 0.4 –0.05 +0.1 0.4 –0.05 2.8 –0.3 +0.2 3 R6 Q2 (1.9) 0.95 Q3 Q7 4 Q4 +0.1 5˚ 0.4 –0.05 +0.1 0.6 –0.05 5˚ R5 Q1 Q5 R3 Pin connections 1. GND 2. Output 3. VCC 4. Input 5˚ Document No. P10964EJ2V0AN00 (2nd edition) Date Published February 1996 P Printed in Japan +0.1 0.16 –0.06 0 to 0.1 0.8 +0.2 IN 1.1 –0.1 OUT Q6 1 (1.8) +VCC R1 0.85 2.9 +– 0.2 2 1.5 –0.1 5˚ R2 R7 C R4 Q8 GND © 1996 2. CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION Figure 2 shows the internal equivalent circuit of the µPC1675G/µPC1676G/µPC1688G. The equivalent circuits of all the models are the same, and gain is set by changing R2, R3, R4, and R7. Like the µPC1651G, each circuit is designed as multiple negative feedback amplification from the output block to the base and emitter of Q1. MOS capacitance C is connected to the emitter of Q7 to peak the frequency characteristics. The basic circuit is the single-end multiple negative feedback amplification type shown in Figure 3. This circuit configuration has the following features: Figure 3. Circuit Configuration RF2 RL RS RE1 ~ RE2 RF1 <1> Excellent frequency-gain characteristics. <2> The input/output impedance and gain can be determined by the feedback resistance. <3> Excellent noise characteristics because the resistance at the emitter of transistor in the input stage is lower than that of the differential circuits. <4> Excellent impedance matching with external circuits as compared with differential circuits, improving the output efficiency and decreasing the noise. As the first approximation, the input/output impedances Ri and Ro, and gain S21 of the circuit in Figure 3 can be generally determined by the following equation. Ri = Ro = (RF2 + RE2) RE1 · R RE1 · R + RE2 (RF1 + RE1 + R) (RF1 + RE1) RE2 · R RE1 (RE2 + RF2 + R) + RE2 · R S21 = RF1 + RE1 RE1 ············ (1) ············ (2) ············ (3) (where RS = RL = R) By following modification on Figure 3, multiple negative feedback amplifier is realized as monolithic IC shown in Figure 2. 2 <1> To increase the feedback loop gain, the final stage Q6 and Q7 are connected in a Darlington configuration. Q6 is connected to R5 to optimize the bias current. <2> As for feedback to the emitter of Q1 from the collectors of Q6 and Q7, the impedance and voltage are adjusted by the emitter-follower configuration of Q2 and the diodes of Q3 through Q5. <3> Q8 diode rises up Q7 emitter potential to supply bias current to Q1 base through feedback path. Simulation results of input/output impedance and gain vs. R3 , R4 feedback resistance are shown below (the result of this simulation is slightly different from the calculation using equation 1 through 3 because the circuit configuration is more complicated than Figure 3. R3 is equivalent to RF2 in Figure 3, and R4 is equivalent to RF1). Figure 4. Input/Output Impedance vs. Figure 5. Forward Transmission Gain vs. Feedback Resistor Negative Feedback Resistor 75 R3 = 140 120 100 80 (Ω) 50 Zout 25 0 Zin S21 (dB) Zin , Zout (Ω) 20 R3 = 140 120 15 100 80 (Ω) 100 150 200 R4 (Ω) 100 150 200 R4 (Ω) As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the input/output impedance and gain can be easily controlled by feedback resistors R3 and R4. Respectively, the input/output impedance is set to 50 Ω for wideband operation, and R3 and R4 to 120 Ω and 200 Ω to obtain a sufficient gain. 3 3. CHARACTERISTICS This chapter compares the measured characteristics of µPC1675G and µPC1676G as representative IC. The absolute maximum ratings and electrical characteristics are shown in Table 1 and 2. (Test circuit is shown in Figure 20.) Table 1. Absolute Maximum Ratings (TA = +25 ˚C) Parameter Symbol Rating Unit 6 V Supply voltage VCC Total dissipation PT 200 mW Operating temperature range Topt –40 to +85 ˚C Storage temperature range Tstg –55 to +150 ˚C Table 2. Electrical Characteristics (VCC = 5 V, TA = +25 ˚C) Specifications Parameter Symbol µPC1675G Condition µPC1676G Unit MIN. TYP. MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX. Supply current ICC Without signal 12 17 22 14 19 24 mA Power gain GP f = 500 MHz 10 12 14 19 22 24 dB Noise factor NF f = 500 MHz Upper-limit operating frequency fu –3 dB from gain flat Isolation ISL Input return loss – 5.5 7.0 – 4.5 6.0 dB 1600 1900 – 1000 1200 – MHz f = 500 MHz 21 25 – 24 28 – dB RLin f = 500 MHz 9 12 – 9 12 – dB Output return loss RLout f = 500 MHz 8 11 – 6 9 – dB Output power PO f = 500 MHz, Pin = 0 dBm 2 4 – 3 5 – dBm Figures 6 through 11 and Figures 12 through 17 show the characteristic curves including the voltage characteristics and temperature characteristics of the µPC1675G and µPC1676G. Figure 18 shows the impedance characteristics (Smith chart). 4 Figure 6. G P, NF vs. f Characteristics Figure 7. Isolation vs. f Characteristics of µPC1675G of µPC1675G 0 5.5 V VCC = 5 V GP 12 4.5 V 8 5.5 V NF Isolation ISL (dB) Noise factor NF (dB) Power gain GP (dB) 5.0 V 5.0 V 4.5 V 4 –10 –20 –30 0 60 100 200 500 1000 2000 60 100 200 Frequency f (MHZ) of µPC1675G VCC = 5 V RLin RLout –20 VCC = 5 V, f = 500 MHZ 5 0 Output level Po (dBm) Input return loss RLin (dB) Output return loss RLout (dB) 2000 Figure 9. Input/Output Characteristics of µPC1675G –30 60 1000 Frequency f (MHZ) Figure 8. Return Loss vs. f Characteristics –10 500 0 –5 –10 –15 100 200 500 Frequency f (MHZ) 1000 2000 –20 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 5 10 Input level Pin (dBm) 5 Figure 10. IM 3 Characteristics Figure 11. of µPC1675G G P vs. Temperature Characteristics of µPC1675G 20 VCC = 5 V f = 0.1 GHZ f = 0.5 GHZ f = 1.0 GHZ f1 = 500 MHZ f2 = 504 MHZ –50 IM3 level (dB) –40 Power gain GP (dB) 15 5.5 V 5.0 V –30 4.5 V 10 5 –20 0 –10 –20 –10 Output level Po (dBm) –25 0 +25 +50 Ambient temperature TA (˚C) +75 0 Figure 12. GP, NF vs. f Characteristics Figure 13. Isolation vs. f Characteristics of µPC1676G of µPC1676G 30 0 VCC = 5.5 V VCC = 5 V 5 GP 20 4.5 V VCC = 5.5 V NF 10 4.5 V 0 0 60 5.0 V –10 –20 –30 60 100 200 500 Frequency f (MHZ) 6 Isolation ISL (dB) Noise factor NF (dB) 10 Power gain GP (dB) 5.0 V 1000 2000 100 200 500 Frequency f (MHZ) 1000 2000 Figure 14. Return Loss vs. f Characteristics Figure 15. Input/Output Characteristics of µPC1676G of µPC1676G VCC = 5 V, f = 500 MHZ 10 Output level PO (dBm) Input return loss RLin (dB) Output return loss RLout (dB) VCC = 5 V 0 RLout –10 –20 RLin 0 –10 –30 60 100 200 500 1000 2000 Frequency f (MHZ) –20 –30 –20 –10 0 Input level Pin (dBm) Figure 16. IM3 Characteristics of µPC1676G Figure 17. GP Temperature Characteristics of µPC1676G –30 Power gain GP (dB) IM3 level (dB) –40 5.5 V 5.0 V VCC = 5 V f = 0.1 GHZ f = 0.5 GHZ f = 1.0 GHZ 40 f1 = 500 MHZ f2 = 504 MHZ –50 30 20 4.5 V 10 –20 –25 –10 –20 –10 Output level PO (dBm) 0 +25 +50 Ambient temperature TA ( C) +75 0 7 1.4 1.2 –70 0.37 0.13 0.38 0.39 0.12 0.11 –100 –90 0.36 0.04 –80 4 0.3 6 0.1 0.35 0.15 1.0 1.6 0 1.8 0.2 32 18 0. 3 0.3 7 0.1 –6 0.40 0.10 –11 0 0.4 1 0.0 0.4 9 0 2 –1 .08 0. 20 4 0 00 3 .0 7 30 0.8 2.0 0 0.9 0.6 3. 0 1. 10 1. 0 50 0.2 ( 0 1. POS 14 ITIV 0 ER EA CT A ––+JX NCE ZO–– CO M PO N ) 0.4 20 10 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 100 MHz 20 0.2 –1 0 –5 0.7 ) 20 0.6 ( 0.6 0.1 0.6 0. 0. 31 19 NE G 0.4 0 –4 E IV AT 0.8 4.0 2.0 5 0. 44 0. 06 0. 0.6 1.8 1.6 0.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.37 0.13 0.8 1.6 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0 0.4 5 5 0.6 1.8 2.0 5 0. 0.4 0 E IV AT ( E NC TA AC – JX –– RE ––ZO 0.6 15 ) 1. 0 100 MHz 50 MHz 0. 8 200 MHz 3. 0 1. 0 4.0 6.0 1.2 GHz ) 0. 8 0.2 8 0.2 2 –20 6.0 NE G 0 3THS T NGLE OF 6 0.0 A NG 0.4 4 ELE –160 0.0WAV 0 0 5 15 0 – . 0 44 0. 06 40 ENT ON MP 0. –1 CO 0.8 .45 0 0.0 50 0. 0.1 0.3 7 3 0.2 00 9 0.2 0.3 1 –3 0.2 0 0 0 0. 5 0.6 0.27 0.23 E NC TA AC – JX –– RE ––ZO REACTANCE COMPONENT R –––– 0.2 ZO 50 0. 4 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 50 20 10 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.4 46 1. 0 10 20 50 0.4 0.25 0.25 0 EO 3 S 6 0E.0NGTH ANGL 0.4 4 VEL –160 0.0WA 0 0 5 5 –1 0.0 44 0. 06 40 ENT ON . 1 MP 0 – CO 10 0.2 ( 0.0 0.4 5 5 0 1. ) POS 14 ITIV 0 ER EA CT A ––+JX NCE ZO–– CO M PO N 6 15 0 WAVELE NGTH S TO 0.02 WARD G 0.0 ENER 0.48 3 AT 0.4 NT IN 0.0 OR DEG 7 4 REE 0.4 S 4 0. 8 0.6 0.2 0 0.01 0.49 0.48 0 0.49 0.01 .0W2ARD LOAD 0O REFLECTION COEFFCIE 4.0 0.26 0.24 .45 8 0. –11 0.38 0.39 0.12 0.11 –100 –90 0.36 0.04 –80 0.35 0.15 –70 4 0.3 6 0.1 3 0.3 7 0.1 0 0.40 0.10 0 . 4 1 0.0 0.4 9 0 2 –1 .08 0 00 .43 0. 07 30 0.2 20 –6 –1 0 32 18 0. 0.2 600 0. .47 0 –10 0.2 6.0 0 2 GHz 0.1 6 0.3 4 10 0.24 0.23 0.26 2 0.2 0.27 8 10 0.2 20 ( 70 1 0.2 9 0.2 0.1 3. 0 0.3 0.8 30 200 MHz 0.15 0.35 0 0.2 0 VCC = 5.0 V 0.14 0.36 80 –5 90 0.3 50 MHz 0.13 0.37 4.0 0. WAVELE NGTH S TO WAR DG 0.0 ENERA 3 TO 0 T IN D 0.0 R EGR .47 4 EES 0. 1. 0.25 0.25 T EN 0 0.26 0.24 0 0.12 0.38 3. 0.24 0.26 0.6 6.0 0.3 0.8 2 12 0.6 0.2 2 0.11 0.39 100 40 0 0.01 0.49 0.02 0.48 0 0.49 1 0.48 LOAD 2 RD0.0 0T.0 OWA F REFLECTION COEFFCIEN 0.4 0 0.4 0. 0. 06 44 2.0 5 0. 0.6 1.8 50 19 0. 31 0. 4 0.4 1 0.4 0.2 1.6 0.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.3 7 3 0 .2 7 0.2 0.23 8 0.2 2 –20 .08 ) 600 –10 0 0.10 0.40 110 0.23 0.27 REACTANCE COMPONENT R –––– 0.2 ZO 0.1 6 0.3 4 10 0.2 70 8 20 0.1 0.15 0.35 0. 0. 31 19 .09 2.0 MHz 0 0. –4 07 0. 3 4 0. 0 13 VCC = 5.0 V 0.14 0.36 80 0.2 00 9 0.2 0.3 1 –3 0.2 0 0 0 0 T EN 0.2 ( 0.13 0.37 1 0.2 9 0.2 30 8 4 90 0 0.2 0 0.3 0.3 0. 0.12 0.38 40 0.3 07 0. 3 4 0. 0 13 0.11 0.39 100 20 8 0.0 2 0.4 20 1 0.10 0.40 110 50 9 0.0 1 0.4 19 0. 31 0. .47 Figure 18 (a). S11 vs. f Characteristics of µPC1675G 0. 0. 18 32 50 Figure 18 (b). S22 vs. f Characteristics of µPC1675G 0. 0. 18 32 0.37 0.13 0.35 0.15 0.36 0.04 –80 –90 0.38 0.39 0.12 0.11 –100 0 –11 –70 4 0.3 6 0.1 1.4 1.6 0 3 0.3 7 0.1 –6 1.8 0.2 32 18 0. 0.40 0.10 0.4 1 0.0 0.4 9 0 2 –1 .08 0. 20 4 0 00 3 .0 7 30 1.2 2.0 1. 0 –1 0 1.0 0 0.9 0.6 3. 0.8 0.8 4.0 0 1. 4 50 20 10 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 ( 0.2 0 1. ) 2.0 5 0. 0.6 1.8 1.6 0.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.37 0.13 0.8 1.6 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0 0.6 1.8 2.0 5 0. 44 0. 06 0. –1 0.2 0.2 0.6 0. 0. 31 19 NE G 0.4 0 0.6 0. –4 0.7 ) 6.0 –11 0.38 0.39 0.12 0.11 –100 –90 0.36 0.04 –80 0.35 0.15 –70 ( ) OM EC NC TA – AC – JX – E – R – ZO E IV AT 40 –1 NE G 0.4 0. 0. 06 44 1. 0 T NEN PO 10 0.0 0.4 5 5 50 20 10 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.2 GHz 100 MHz 50 MHz 0. 3. 0 1. 0 4.0 6.0 200 MHz 1.2 GHz ) 8 0. 0.2 8 0.2 2 –20 ( REACTANCE COMPONENT R –––– 0.2 ZO 50 0.40 0.10 0 . 4 1 0.0 0.4 9 0 2 –1 .08 0 00 .43 0. 07 30 4 0.3 6 0.1 0.2 0. 8 0.6 0.1 0.4 20 10 6 50 0. 0.1 0.3 7 3 0.2 00 9 0.2 0.3 1 –3 0.2 0 0 0 0. 5 100 MHz 20 0.2 20 0 0.2 600 –5 0.1 6 0.3 4 3 0.3 7 0.1 0.1 0.4 0 0.6 15 0.6 POS 14 ITIV 0 ER EA CT A ––+JX NCE – ZO – CO M PO N 0.8 0.1 8 0. 4 0 1. ( ) POS 14 ITIV 0 ER EA CT A ––+JX NCE – ZO – CO M PO N 0.2 6.0 8 200 MHz 50 0.4 0.26 0.24 T NEN PO OM EC C N TA AC – JX –– RE ––ZO E IV AT 4.0 0.25 0.25 0.6 0.27 0.23 44 0. 06 40 0. –1 0. 0 0 –10 6 0.4 4 E 0.0WAV 50 –1 1. 0 5 0.4 5 0.0 4 WAVEL 0 10 0.24 0.23 0.26 2 0.2 0.27 8 10 0.2 20 ( 3. 1 0.2 9 0.2 0.1 70 –6 0. ENGT HS 0 0.01 0.49 0.02 TOWARD 0.48 0 0.49 0.01D 0.0 GENE 7 0 2 .4 3 A RA O .0 8 0.4 L 0 WARD 0.4 O REFLECTION COEFFCIENT IN 0.0TOR 3 6 7 DEG 0.0GTHS TANGLE OF 4 0.4 R EES 0.4 0 LEN –160 4 E 0 6 0.0 0. WAV 5 15 0.4 5 0 0.4 5 5 0 –1 5 0.0 0 1. 0.3 0.8 30 7 0.4 O REF 3 0.0GTHS TANGLE OF LEN –160 0.4 40 VCC = 5.0 V 0.15 0.35 0 T EN 0.14 0.36 80 32 18 0. 90 0 0.2 0 0.3 50 MHz 0.13 0.37 0. 0 3. 0 12 0.12 0.38 4.0 2 1 0.11 0.39 100 6.0 0.3 0.8 0.2 8 0.2 2 –20 0.4 0.6 0.26 0.24 0.6 0.27 0.23 WAVELE NGTH S 0.02 TOWARD 0.0 GENE 0.48 3 RA FCIENT 0.4 0.0TOR IN DE 7 4 GRE 0.4 ES 0.4 0.25 0.25 0.4 0. 0. 06 44 2.0 5 0. 0.6 1.8 50 19 0. 31 0. 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.6 0.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.3 7 3 –10 .08 ) 600 –5 REACTANCE COMPONENT R –––– 0.2 ZO 0.1 6 0.3 4 0.2 00 9 0.2 0.3 1 –3 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.10 0.40 110 70 0 0.1 0.15 0.35 0. 0. 31 19 07 0. 3 4 0. 0 13 VCC = 5.0 V 0 0 T EN 0.14 0.36 80 10 20 0.24 0.23 0.26 2 0.2 0.27 8 10 0.2 20 ( 0.13 0.37 1 0.2 9 0.2 30 4 0. –4 .09 90 0 0.2 0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.12 0.38 40 0.2 07 0. 3 4 0. 0 13 0.11 0.39 100 20 8 0.0 2 0.4 20 1 0.10 0.40 110 50 9 0.0 1 0.4 19 0. 31 0. 0 0.01 0.49 0.48 0 0.49 0.01 0.0W2ARD LOADLECTION COEF Figure 18 (c). S11 vs. f Characteristics of µPC1676G 0. 0. 18 32 50 Figure 18 (d). S22 vs. f Characteristics of µPC1676G 0. 0. 18 32 9 4. PRINTED PATTERN MOUNTING EXAMPLE The µPC1675G/µPC1676G/µPC1688G are wideband amplifiers of simple construction with only four pins: input, output, power, and GND. Because the upper-limit operating frequency is as high as 1900 MHz TYP. in the case of µPC1675G and 1200 MHz TYP. with the µPC1676G, the frequency characteristics substantially vary depending on the conditions of the print pattern (especially at high frequencies). Figure 19 shows these variations in the characteristics of the µPC1675G. Print boards A, B, and C in this figure are: Board A : Double-sided copper clad epoxy glass board with GND on the back and front surfaces connected, and a GND line inserted between input and output to provide an isolation effect. Figure 20 shows an example pattern. Board B : Board A without GND line between input and output. Board C : Board B without GND on back side. As shown in figure 19, a print board equivalent to A is necessary because of peaking in the vicinity of f = 1 GHz and an increase in the frequency characteristics. The GND line between input and output has an especially important effect. Board A is used to measure characteristics in Chapter 3. Figure 19. Mounting Characteristics Example of µPC1675G (GP = 13 dB) 20 VCC = 5 V TA = 25 ˚C Power gain GP (dB) 15 Board A 10 Board B Board C 5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1 Frequency f (GHz) 10 2 Figure 20 (a). Pattern Example (Top View) Figure 20 (b). Mounting Example (Top View) Chip capacitor IC Input Output OSM connector OSM connector Chip capacitors VCC (Supply Voltage) Figure 20 (c). Operation Circuit VCC 1000 pF 1000 pF Input Output 1000 pF 11 5. APPLICATION EXAMPLE (1) Buffer amplifier for prescaler The input sensitivity of 1-GHz-class prescalers used in UHF and VHF TV tuners has recently increased. Even so, a buffer amplifier is connected in the stage preceding these prescalers. The purpose of this is to decrease coupling with the local oscillation stage and to improve isolation after the oscillation stage and prescaler. Figure 21 shows the sensitivity characteristics when NEC’s µPB568G 1-GHz prescaler is used, and Figure 22 shows a circuit example. As the load on the µPC1675G/1676G, a 51-Ω resistor is connected to GND. Values of 50 to 200 Ω are suitable for this resistor. Because the saturation output of the µPC1675G/1676G can be kept to 4 to 5 dBm, overload input to the prescaler can also be prevented (usually, a prescaler does not divide the frequency when an input higher than 8 to 10 dBm is applied). As another local oscillation peripheral, the amplifier IC can also be used as a buffer amplifier to the MIX stage to prevent oscillation drift when a high input is applied to the antenna (Figure 22). Figure 21. Input Sensitivity Characteristics of µPC1675G/1676G + Prescaler µPB568G Input sensitivity Pin (dBm) 0 –20 µ PB568G only –40 µPC1675G +µ PB568G –60 –80 µ PC1676G +µ PB568G 1 100 200 300 500 1000 Input frequency fin (MHz) 2000 Note µPB568G has been discontinued. 12 Figure 22. Prescaler Buffer Amplifier RF amplifier MIX Antenna input To IF +B = 5 V Buffer amplifier Prescaler 1 000 pF Local OSC (VHF) UHF local 1 000 pF 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 OUT Approx. 50 to 200 Ω Coupling capacitance can be reduced. (2) Cascade amplifier The input/output impedance of the µPC1675G/1676G/1688G is matched to 50 Ω so that multiple amplifier ICs can be connected. Therefore, the amplifier ICs can be used as a cascade amplifier. Figure 23 shows an example of the characteristics of two µPC1675Gs connected in cascade. For the print pattern, a double-sided copper clad epoxy glass board is used as described in Chapter 4, and the input and output are isolated by the GND line. The µPC1676G is a high-gain type IC. However, because of peaking at f = 700 MHz, the targeted characteristics must be considered of the combination. . As a combination to produce output PO =. 10 dBm, use the µPC1675G + µPC1658G. Figure 23. Cascade Amplifier Characteristics of Two µPC1675Gs 40 VCC = 5 V TA = 25 ˚C GP 20 10 NF 10 5 0 Noise factor (dB) Power gain GP (dB) 30 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1 2 Frequency f (GHz) 13 [MEMO] 14 Facsimile Message From: Name Company Tel. Although NEC has taken all possible steps to ensure that the documentation supplied to our customers is complete, bug free and up-to-date, we readily accept that errors may occur. Despite all the care and precautions we've taken, you may encounter problems in the documentation. Please complete this form whenever you'd like to report errors or suggest improvements to us. FAX Address Thank you for your kind support. North America Hong Kong, Philippines, Oceania NEC Electronics Inc. NEC Electronics Hong Kong Ltd. Corporate Communications Dept. 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